CN102105742B - 有纵向取向的发光二极管的荧光管替代品 - Google Patents

有纵向取向的发光二极管的荧光管替代品 Download PDF

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CN102105742B
CN102105742B CN200980129068.7A CN200980129068A CN102105742B CN 102105742 B CN102105742 B CN 102105742B CN 200980129068 A CN200980129068 A CN 200980129068A CN 102105742 B CN102105742 B CN 102105742B
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CN102105742A (zh
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J·艾维
D·L·西蒙
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Ilumisys Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
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    • F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
    • F21K9/20—Light sources comprising attachment means
    • F21K9/27—Retrofit light sources for lighting devices with two fittings for each light source, e.g. for substitution of fluorescent tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
    • F21K9/60—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
    • F21K9/60—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction
    • F21K9/61—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction using light guides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S2/00—Systems of lighting devices, not provided for in main groups F21S4/00 - F21S10/00 or F21S19/00, e.g. of modular construction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/04—Optical design
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/22—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V7/22—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/22—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2103/00—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2103/00—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes
    • F21Y2103/10—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes comprising a linear array of point-like light-generating elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2103/00—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes
    • F21Y2103/30—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes curved
    • F21Y2103/33—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes curved annular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
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Abstract

提供一种用于替代灯架中常用的荧光管的基于LED的灯。该基于LED的灯包含限定孔的细长光透射杆和至少一个LED，该至少一个LED被定位在该杆的一端或两端上并被取向以便产生沿纵向进入该杆的一部分径向从该孔射出的光。至少一个连接器被物理地耦联到该杆的一端和电学地耦联到该至少一个LED。该至少一个连接器适合物理和电连接到灯架。工作中，由该至少一个LED产生的有向的光借助反射、折射和/或漫射被分散，同时沿纵向通过该杆传播以减少亮斑的出现。

Description

有纵向取向的发光二极管的荧光管替代品
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于替代荧光灯架中常用的荧光管的基于LED的灯。
背景技术
发光二极管(LED)有许多优于荧光灯的优点。LED效率更高、寿命更长，且对振动和低温更不敏感。为利用LED的优点，在常用的荧光管形状中的灯已经被构造成包含LED。与荧光管的均匀非定向光输出相反，已知的使用LED的荧光管形状的灯受LED的定向光输出的约束。
发明内容
已知的包含LED的灯提供定向的光输出，该定向光输出导致灯上出现亮斑。因此，已知的包含LED的灯显得与荧光灯不同，荧光灯的特征在于它们的均匀光分布。按照本发明的基于LED的灯能够提供比一些已知的包含LED的灯更为均匀的光输出，以便更紧密地匹配荧光灯的光分布。一般地说，用于替代灯架中常用的荧光管的基于LED的灯包含限定孔的细长光透射杆。至少一个LED被定位在该杆的一端或两端上并被取向以便产生沿纵向进入该杆的一部分径向从该孔出射的光。至少一个连接器被物理地耦联到该杆的一端和电学地耦联到该至少一个LED，且该至少一个连接器适合于物理和电连接到灯架。
在另一个实施例中，描述一种用于替代灯架中常用的荧光管的基于LED的灯。细长光透射杆限定孔。多个LED被定位在该杆的一端或两端上并被取向以便产生沿纵向进入该杆的一部分径向射出该孔的光。一对两针端帽被耦联到该杆的相反端，且该两针端帽中的至少一个与该多个LED电连通。
在又一个实施例中，描述一种形成用于替代灯架中的常用荧光灯的基于LED的灯的方法包含：提供限定孔的细长光透射杆；定位至少一个LED以便产生沿纵向进入该杆的一部分径向从该孔射出的光；以及附结一对两针端帽到该杆的相反端，该端帽中的至少一个与该至少一个LED电连通。
附图说明
本文的描述是参照附图进行的，其中该数个视图全部用相同的参考数字指相同的零件，而附图中：
图1是按照本发明的基于LED的灯的透视图；
图2是图1基于LED的灯的杆的透视图；
图3是包含有孔杆的基于LED的灯的透视图，该有孔杆在它的内圆周上有不平整的光折射纹理；
图4是包含有孔杆和被定位在该孔中的反射器的基于LED的灯的透视图；
图5是包含有孔杆和在孔中的光漫射材料的基于LED的灯的透视图；和
图6是包含具有外纹理表面的有孔杆的基于LED的灯的透视图。
图7是包含具有呈字样“LOGO”形状的外纹理表面的有孔杆的基于LED的灯的透视图。
具体实施方式
用于替代灯架中常用的荧光管的基于LED的灯的实施例，被示出在图1-7中。图1示出基于LED的灯10，用在被设计成接纳常用荧光管的灯架12中。灯10包含细长光透射杆14、两针端帽16和放置在杆14与端帽16之一之间的LED18。
如在图2中所示，杆14定义纵向轴15、外表面17、内表面19和在外表面17和内表面19之间沿径向伸延的两个端面21。实心体部分22是外表面17和内表面19之间的物质。虽然不是按比例示出，该杆14能够是约48”长有0.625”、1.0”或1.5”的直径，以便与荧光灯架12啮合。杆12能够由聚碳酸酯、丙烯酸衍生物、玻璃或其他光透射材料制成。就是说，杆14能够是透明的或半透明的，例如，半透明的杆14能够由复合物，诸如有光折射材料颗粒散布在聚碳酸酯中的聚碳酸酯制成。虽然被示出的杆14是圆柱形的，但该杆14能够代之以四方形、三角形、多边形或其他截面形状。类似地，虽然被示出的杆14是直线型的，但杆14能够有另外的形状，如U形。还有，每一灯10能够包含被一端接一端地排列的多根杆14，在该情形下，LED18能够被放置在杆14之间。
如在图2中所示，杆14还限定孔20。如所示的孔20是圆柱形并与杆14共轴。另一方面，孔20能够有不同的横截面形状，诸如四方形、三角形、多边形或其他形状。孔14的横截面形状能够在杆14的长度上变化。例如，孔20的直径能够在LED18附近是小的，而顺着杆14的长度往下则越来越大。此外，孔20能够只在杆14长度的一部分伸延，且孔20能够是偏心的，即不与杆14的纵向轴15对准。
回头参考图1，基于LED的灯10在它的两端21的每一端上包含两针端帽16之一，以便把灯10物理地和电学地连接到灯架12。两针端帽16能够含有物理连接和电学连接到LED18的元件。例如，端帽16能够含有反射器、散热片、和/或包含电路板的电路。供与LED18物理连接和电学连接的替换的装置能够被使用，诸如金属芯电路板或物理地把LED18直接附结于杆14并用导线把LED18连接在一起。每一端帽16包含两根针16a和16b，总共是四根针。然而，四根针中只有两根必须提供灯架12和LED18之间的电连接；另外两根针能够是“假针”。同样，虽然端帽16被画成包含杯形体16c，通过在杆14的端部21上滑动端帽16与杆14啮合，但端帽能够有不同形状的体16c。例如，端帽16能够包含用于连接到杆14的通过压配合进入孔20的凸台，或端帽16能够用螺丝拧紧到杆14。此外，有别的连接器类型的，如单针连接器的端帽也能够被使用，取决于灯架12的设计。
如图1所示的LED18被定位在杆14两端21之一上并被取向，使面对平行于它的纵向轴15。作为LED18的定位的结果，LED18能够产生通过杆14两端21之一进入杆14的实心体部分22沿纵向传播的光。然而，LED18能够按相对于纵向轴15的各种角度取向，而仍然产生纵向传播进入杆14的光。LED18能够相对于纵向轴15被取向的角度，能够是LED18的视角、光需要传播的纵向距离、以及杆14的光引导性质的函数。此外，LED18能够被定位在杆14的两端而不是如图1所示只在一端。
LED18的数量能够是灯10需要的功率和LED18的功率的函数，且LED18能够在环绕孔20的圆形图形中被均匀地隔开，如图1中所示。然而，LED18能够代之以按其他间隔被隔开，诸如成群地在灯10的一侧面向要照明的空间取向。LED18此外能够沿杆12的长度被定位在各种位置上。例如，LED18能够被附结于杆14的相反两端用于产生从两端进入杆14的光。如果灯10包含多根杆14，LED18能够被定位在杆14的接合点。
LED18能够是可从Nichia购到的类型的表面安装器件，尽管能够代之以使用其他类型的LED。例如，虽然表面安装LED18被示出，但代之以或除此之外能够使用一个或多个有机LED。LED18能够如上所述被附结到端帽16之一中的电路板上，且包含在该LED灯组件14中的LED18发射白光。然而，发射蓝光、紫外光或其他波长光的LED能够被使用，取代发射白光的LED18。
由于有孔杆14的形状和LED18的位置及取向，由LED18产生的光如图1中光线24所示进入杆14的实心体部分22。图1中所示光线以及包含在图3-7中的任何光线24，只为示意目的而不企图精确地描绘来自LED的光的实际分散。每一LED18按一般圆锥图形产生光；不是所有光都平行于杆14的纵向轴15传播。作为结果，光进入杆14之后，一部分光以大于折射要求的入射角的角度碰到外表面17并被向表面19反射回来。另一部分光在进入杆之后很快通过外表面17折射。类似地，一部分光在进入杆14之后被反射离开内表面19。如果光以小于该入射角的角度遇到表面17，或该光能够被向内表面19反射回来，那么这样的光能够通过外表面17离开。作为在表面17和19之间的光反射的结果，光的不同部分在离开杆之前通过杆14传播不同的距离。换句话说，在沿杆14的纵向轴15的不同距离上，光从杆14被发射。这样，灯10能够提供相当均匀的模仿荧光管的光的分布。
图3示出除杆14的内表面19包含不平整的光反射纹理28外与图1的灯10类似的灯26。纹理28改变光线24相对于内表面19的入射角度。结果是，光反射纹理28能够通过降低折射进入孔20的光量，增加灯26的效率。纹理28由光引导结构，诸如脊、点、凸起、凹痕和/或其他不平整表面构成。光引导结构能够在跨越杆14的长度上改变密度，该结构在LED18附近不太密而随沿纵向和/或沿周边越离开LED18越密。光引导结构的变化的密度允许光量高的地方(即LED18附近)有更低百分比的光被分散，而光量低的地方(即沿纵向离开LED14)有更高百分比的光被分散。更多的光分散增加离开杆14的光量，从而获得光沿杆14的整个长度上基本上均匀的分布。类似地，纹理28能够包含LED18附近的相对于纵向轴15略为倾斜的表面和离开LED18的相对于纵向轴15更大倾斜的表面。构成光引导纹理28的结构的布局能够由软件确定，诸如公开在MichaelZollers，“IntegratedOptimizationCapabilitiesProvideaRobustToolforLEDBacklightDesign，”LEDsMagazine(Oct.2006)，pp.27-29的软件，该软件在此被引用供参考，尽管该布局能够代之由手工计算或实验确定。
图4示出除灯30包含被定位在孔20中的反射器32外与灯10类似的灯30。反射器32能够是由在它的背面有金属涂层的玻璃或塑料制成的反射镜，并且如果需要，能够包含漫射表面(没有出示)。如上所述，LED18环绕孔20被隔开并沿纵向发射光进入杆14。一部分光与内表面19接触，而该光的一些通过表面19折射进入孔20。进入孔20的光能够被反射器20反射回去进入杆14，然后在那里它能够传输通过外表面17并照射要照射的空间。结果是，反射器32增加灯30的效率。
图5示出除灯34的孔20包含光漫射材料36外与灯10类似的灯34。光漫射材料36能够是，例如硅酮、环氧树脂或透明的聚氨基甲酸酯。材料36漫射进入孔20的光。被漫射的光通过孔20传播，直到它以一定角度接触内表面19，使光返回折射进杆14。通过把光分散进入孔20，光漫射材料36能够有助于使来自杆14的光更均匀分布。此外，诸如当硅酮被用作材料36时，光漫射材料36可以有比杆14更高的导热系数。结果是，材料36能够通过消散LED18产生的热而起散热片的作用。
图6示出除外表面17包含与以前描述的纹理28类似的不平整光反射纹理40外与灯10类似的灯38。例如，通过改变构成如上面参照纹理28所描述的纹理40的结构的密度或几何形状，纹理40能够在杆14的长度上变化。此外，纹理40能够被成形以形成字母数字字符、图画或其他形状。例如，如图7中所示，字样“LOGO”42由纹理40形成。通过按字母数字字符和/或图画形状形成光反射纹理40，有比表面17其他区域更多的光量通过“LOGO”42离开杆14。因此，字母数字字符和/或图画表现得比杆14的外表面17的其余部分更亮。外表面17不包含字样“LOGO”42的部分也能够被纹理化用于控制光通过外表面17其余部分的通路，尽管有不同于形成“LOGO”42纹理的纹理。
图1和3-7每一个中示出的灯能够包含另外没有示出的特性。例如，漫射层能够被环绕杆14的外部包裹或被定位成与孔20排齐。
上述实施例已经被描述，为的是允许易于理解本发明而不是对本发明的限制。相反，本发明力图覆盖被包含在所附权利要求书范围内的各种修改和等效的布置，该范围应当按照最广泛的解释以便涵盖按法律所允许的所有这类修改及等效结构。

Claims (18)

1.一种用于替代灯架中常用的荧光管的基于LED的灯，该基于LED的灯包括：
细长光透射杆，具有第一端及相反第二端，并且限定至少部分地在第一端和第二端之间延伸的孔，该孔具有与杆的外表面间隔开的外表面，使杆的材料填充孔的外表面和杆的外表面之间的杆的一部分，其中杆的外表面被配置成把碰到杆的外表面的一部分光向孔的外表面反射，并且其中孔的外表面具有在孔的长度上变化的、被配置成改变相对于孔的外表面的入射角度的不平整的光反射纹理，并且该孔包围反射器，该反射器被配置成使通过孔的外表面折射进入孔的光反射回去进入杆；
至少一个LED，被定位在该杆的第一和第二端中的一端或两端上并被取向以便产生沿纵向进入该杆的该部分径向从该孔的外表面出射的光；和
连接器，被物理地耦联到该杆的第一端或第二端并且电耦联到该至少一个LED，该连接器适合物理和电连接到灯架。
2.权利要求1的基于LED的灯，其中该杆的外表面具有不平整的光反射纹理。
3.权利要求2的基于LED的灯，其中该杆的外表面的光反射纹理在该孔的长度上变化。
4.权利要求1的基于LED的灯，其中该孔的外表面的光反射纹理在该至少一个LED附近不太密而越离开该至少一个LED越密。
5.权利要求2的基于LED的灯，其中该杆的外表面的光反射纹理被成形为字母数字字符和图画之一的形式。
6.权利要求1的基于LED的灯，其中该孔包围光漫射材料。
7.权利要求6的基于LED的灯，其中该光漫射材料包含硅酮。
8.权利要求1的基于LED的灯，其中至少一个LED被定位在该杆的第一和第二端中的一端或两端上由孔的外表面限定的基于LED的灯的内边缘的径向外侧，并且被定位在由杆的外表面限定的基于LED的灯的外边缘之内。
9.一种用于替代灯架中常用的荧光管的基于LED的灯，该基于LED的灯包括：
细长光透射杆，具有第一端及相反第二端，并且限定至少部分地在第一端和第二端之间延伸的孔，该孔具有与杆的外表面间隔开的外表面，使杆的材料填充孔的外表面和杆的外表面之间的杆的一部分，其中杆的外表面被配置成把碰到杆的外表面的一部分光向孔的外表面反射，并且其中孔的外表面具有在孔的长度上变化的、被配置成改变相对于孔的外表面的入射角度的不平整的光反射纹理，并且该孔包围反射器，该反射器被配置成使通过孔的外表面折射进入孔的光反射回去进入杆；
多个LED，被定位在该杆的第一和第二端中的一端或两端上并被取向以产生沿纵向进入该杆的该部分径向从该孔的外表面射出的光；和
一对两针端帽，被耦联到该杆的相反的两端，该两针端帽中的至少一个与该多个LED电连通。
10.权利要求9的基于LED的灯，其中该杆的外表面具有不平整的光反射纹理。
11.权利要求10的基于LED的灯，其中该杆的外表面的光反射纹理在该孔的长度上变化。
12.权利要求9的基于LED的灯，其中该孔的外表面的光反射纹理在该LED附近不太密而越离开该LED越密。
13.权利要求10的基于LED的灯，其中该杆的外表面的光反射纹理被成形为字母数字字符和图画之一的形式。
14.权利要求9的基于LED的灯，其中该孔包围光漫射材料。
15.权利要求9的基于LED的灯，其中该多个LED被定位在杆的外表面限定的基于LED的灯的外边缘和由孔的外表面限定的基于LED的灯的内边缘之间，并且被定位在耦联到该杆的该相反的两端的该对两针端帽的相应一个和该杆的第一和第二端之一之间。
16.一种形成用于替代灯架中常用的荧光管的基于LED的灯的方法，该方法包括：
提供限定孔的细长光透射杆，该孔具有与杆的外表面间隔开的外表面，使杆的材料填充孔的外表面和杆的外表面之间的杆的一部分，其中杆的外表面被配置成把碰到杆的外表面的一部分光向孔的外表面反射，并且其中孔的外表面具有在孔的长度上变化的、被配置成改变相对于孔的外表面的入射角度的不平整的光反射纹理，并且该孔包围反射器，该反射器被配置成使通过孔的外表面折射进入孔的光反射回去进入杆；
定位至少一个LED，以便产生沿纵向进入该杆的该部分径向从该孔的外表面射出的光；和
附结一对两针端帽到该杆的相反的两端，该对端帽中的每一个与该灯架的相反固定件物理连通，并且该端帽中的至少一个与该至少一个LED电连通。
17.权利要求16的方法，还包括在该杆的外表面上形成不平整的光反射纹理。
18.权利要求16的方法，还包括以硅酮填充该孔。
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