CN1319415C - 用于控制半导体光源的电路结构及其信号灯 - Google Patents

用于控制半导体光源的电路结构及其信号灯 Download PDF

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CN1319415C
CN1319415C CNB008012407A CN00801240A CN1319415C CN 1319415 C CN1319415 C CN 1319415C CN B008012407 A CNB008012407 A CN B008012407A CN 00801240 A CN00801240 A CN 00801240A CN 1319415 C CN1319415 C CN 1319415C
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control circuit
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R·A·A·M·雅各布斯
B·J·E·洪特勒
J·E·K·G·德克莱克
M·J·M·布克斯
E·B·G·尼霍夫
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    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/37—Converter circuits
    • H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
    • H05B45/385—Switched mode power supply [SMPS] using flyback topology
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
    • Y02B20/30—Semiconductor lamps, e.g. solid state lamps [SSL] light emitting diodes [LED] or organic LED [OLED]

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种运行半导体光源的电路结构，它包括：连接电压源的输入端，输入滤波器，一设置具有一控制电路的开关元件和感应器的变换器，连接半导体光源的输出端。开关元件以周期ton定时地被驱动导通。根据本发明，该变换器由一逆向变换器形成，感应器由一变压器形成，控制电路控制周期ton。

Description

用于控制半导体光源的电路结构及其信号灯
技术领域
本发明涉及一种启动半导体光源的一种电路结构，它包括：
连接电压源的输入端，
输入滤波器，
设置有感应器和开关元件的变换器，其中具有一控制电路的开关元件以周期ton定时地处于导电状态，
连接半导体光源的输出端。
本发明还涉及一种设有这种电路结构的信号灯。
背景技术
开段所述这种类型的电路结构从WO 99/07188中可获知。变换器用作半导体光源的开关式电源。在这种公知电路结构中，多谐振荡正向/逆向变换器被用作变换器。这样做的好处是能够得到高的功率因数。半导体光源广泛地应用为信号灯。在这样一个申请中，对于常用的白炽灯来说，半导体光源的优点是能够显著地延长使用寿命，极大地降低能源耗费。信号灯通常形成复杂信号系统，例如交通灯的交通控制系统的一部分。一般来说，用作光源的半导体光源的功能是由提供给半导体的电流值确定的。因此，该变换器应该用作电流源(恒流发生器)。另一方面，交通灯装置通常是由一个三端开关电路驱动。这种三端开关电路的重要特性是如果驱动器在光源的导电相位正确地运行，最小电流就必须流过上述三端开关电路。这样就会导致公知电路结构的变换器和控制电路构成的复杂性。因此，带来一些缺陷。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种在开段中描述的这种类型的电路结构，其中消除了上述缺陷。根据本发明，此目的的实现在于开段中描述的这种类型的电路结构的特征是，根据本发明，变换器是一种逆向变换器，感应器由一变压器形成，并且控制电路控制周期ton。
也就是说，根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种电路结构，用于控制半导体光源，它包括：连接电压源的输入端，输入滤波器，它连接到所述输入端，并通过一个变换器连接到多个输出端；设置有感应器和具有控制电路的开关元件的变换器，其中所述开关元件以周期ton周期性地处于导电状态，以及多个输出端，用于连接所述半导体光源，其特征在于：该变换器是一逆向变换器，并且所述感应器由一变压器形成，以及其中所述控制电路控制所述周期ton，以及其中，在工作状态下，该变换器以临界方式工作，在所述临界方式下，通过次级变压器绕组的电流减小为零引起所述开关元件被驱动为导通。
令人惊奇的发现是根据本发明的电路结构能够适用于可靠地启动作为替换信号灯中白炽灯的半导体光源，而且是在低温情况下，上述电路结构还具有非常简单的特性，这是它很好的优点。以几乎没有发生变化的方式来控制周期ton具有非常重要优点，即逆向变换器除了能够实现从电源中提取的馈路电流的谐波失真(THD)低电位之外，还能够实现良好的功率因数。该电路结构输入端的电源通常由电源电压电源产生，因此依赖一交流电压。如果该交流电压具有周期T，那么，在根据本发明的电路结构的最佳实施例中，该控制电路涉及一至少2.5T周期的积分。因此，相对于变化例如温度变化，实现良好的功率因数能够与快速反馈相结合。
在电源是交流电源的情况下，整流器最好是位于输入端和变换器之间。THD的低电位通过仅将一个高频滤波器设置在整流器和逆向变换器之间还能够得到进一步改进。这也消除了由修剪整流电压引起的对功率因数的不利影响。
变换器以一固定频率通电以便电流能够在一段时间内停止同时流过初级和次级绕组。这种工作方式通常被称之为断续方式。然而，变换器最好是以流经变压器次级绕组的电流减小为零而使开关元件通电的方式工作。这种称之为临界方式的工作方式使用相对简单的方法能够实现，此外它还具有峰值电流最小化和减小开关损耗的良好优点。
附图说明
本发明的这些和其它优点从参考下面描述的实施例中将会清楚明白和得到解释。
附图中：
图1是电路结构的示意图，
图2是具有控制电路的变换器的详细框图，
图3是控制电路的详细图，
图4是输入滤波器的详细视图。
具体实施方式
在图1中，A，B是连接电源VB，例如具有周期T的由固态继电器提供的交流电压电源的输入端。输入滤波器用I表示，具有控制电路的变换器用III表示，C，D是连接半导体光源LB的输出端。输入滤波器I设有正极+，和负极一，它们经过变换器III分别与输出端C，D相连接。该电路结构还包括一自调限流网络，未图示，它本身以公知的方式保证在变换器的断开状态下电源产生的逸流能够在足够程度上流动。借助于此，能够消除输入端电压的增加和错误状态测试。这种网络例如已公开在WO 99/07187上。
在图2中，变换器和相关的控制电路被详细地表示出。变换器是一个具有与变压器12串联的开关元件T1的逆向变换器，变压器12设有初级绕组L21和次级绕组L22。该变压器形成一感应器。初级绕组L21与二极管D1并联，二极管D1与反向极化的稳压二极管Z1串联，因此，在开关元件T1的击穿电压之下的电位处的变压器L2的泄漏自感导致箝位产生于任何峰值电压。一与开关元件T1串联的电流测量电阻R3也包含在控制电路中。次级绕组L22经过二极管D2与输出端C相连接，经过电流测量电阻R4与输出端D相连接。此外，一缓冲电容器C4跨接在二极管D2和次级绕组L22串接的两端。控制电路SC用输出O连接于开关元件T1的控制电极g。控制电路SC的输入端I1与电流测量电阻R3相连接，输入I2与次级绕组L22相连接，输入I3与电流测量电阻R4相连接。控制电路还设有与温度传感元件R5，如NTC电阻相连接的输入I4。这样，光源温度变化和其周围环境能够来补偿流经半导体光源的电流。为此，一控制电路中的校正电路IS32用于通过在输入I4接收到的信号来实现输入I3接收到的信号的校正，如图3所示。在此方面，在由温度决定的信号的路径上的二极管DS33能够保证校正仅在由温度决定的信号下降至阀值之下时进行。该校正信号经过电阻RS43和电容CS33的结合提供给控制集成电路IC IS31的连接管脚15a，15b。电阻RS43和电容CS33与控制集成电路IC中的运算放大器相连接能够保证该校正信号能被积分。电阻RS43和电容CS33的大小最好选择成积分时间至少是电源的交流电压周期T的2.5倍。控制集成电路IC经过连接管脚I6与输入端I1相连接，经过连接管脚I8与控制电路的输出O相连接。输入端I2与控制集成电路IC IS31的连接管脚I7相连接。控制集成电路IC最好是功率因数校正集成电路IC。
如图4所示，滤波器包括一电阻R1，一可变电阻R2，一整流器桥DB1和一由自感L1和电容C1，C2组成的π型滤波器。
在上述实施例中，变换器以临界方式工作。
在上述电路结构的实际实施例中，电路结构适合与在导电状态下至少具有80v，60Hz和至多具有135v，60Hz电压的驱动器相连接，上述电路结构还适用于启动半导体光源，该半导体光源包括一6×3矩阵发光二极管，它由HewlettPackard制造，在25mA、环境温度为25℃时，它的正向电压VF介于2v和3v之间。如果启动变换器，输入滤波器的正极+带有一有效值至少为80v和至多为135v的整流电压。在许可温度达到最大而电压又是最小的条件下，该电路结构就具有75％的功效。在类似的条件下，根据WO 99/07188的电路结构的功效只有65％。
逆向变换器具有一3NB60型的MOSFET，它与开关元件一样由SGS-Thompson制造。变压器包括一铁氧体铁芯，初级绕组为0.2mm、110匝，次级绕组为两部分，每部分为0.355mm、15匝。该控制电路包括一L6561型功率因数校正集成电路IC，它与控制集成电路IC一样由SGS-Thompson制造，其中连接管脚15a对应于管脚INV，15b对应于COMP，I6对应于CS，I7对应于ZCD，I8对应于OUT。校正电路IS32包括LL4148型的二极管DS33。比较器IS33是一个LM293型的双比较器，它也由SGS-Thompson制造。电流测量电阻R3和R4被设计成分别由两个和三个1Ω的电阻相并联的结构。电容C4是一个具有470μF电容量的电解电容。温敏元件R5是一个由Siemens制造的B57620C103型的NTC电阻。电容C1和C2是各具有220nF电容量的滤波电容。自感的大小为2.1mH。整流桥DB1例如由4个IN4007型的二极管组成。
该变换器能适用于环境温度范围从-40℃到70℃时可靠地运行发光二极管阵列。在逆向变换器的工作状态下，该变换器向连接的LED阵列提供540mA的最小电流。然后该变换器能够撤销6W的最小功率，它对应于至少45mA的电流消耗。这就证明了作为形成电源部分的三端开关的保持电流是足够的。通过用NTC电阻产生的温度信号对流过LED阵列的瞬时电流的校正最好是在25℃以上的环境温度下进行。这样，它能够以非常简单的方式实现，一方面，整个环境温度范围从-40℃到+70℃，电源所需的保持电流能被去除，另一方面，LED阵列产生的光的数量具有最小的数量。
上述的电路结构能够适用于运行包括由LED阵列组成光源的信号灯，其装机功率的范围从最小的6W到至少15W。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于控制半导体光源的电路结构，它包括：
连接电压源的输入端，
输入滤波器，它连接到所述输入端，并通过一个变换器连接到多个输出端；
所述变换器设置有感应器和具有控制电路的开关元件，其中所述开关元件以周期ton周期性地处于导电状态，以及
所述多个输出端用于连接所述半导体光源，其特征在于：所述变换器是一逆向变换器，并且所述感应器由一变压器形成，以及其中所述控制电路控制所述周期ton，以及
其中，在工作状态下，该变换器以临界方式工作，在所述临界方式下，通过次级变压器绕组的电流减小为零引起所述开关元件被驱动为导通。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种电路结构，其特征在于：该电路结构能适于被提供有周期为T的交流电压，该控制电路包括一至少2.5T周期的积分。
3.一种具有壳体的信号灯，该信号灯包括一半导体光源，其特征在于：该信号灯设有如前面任一权利要求所述的电路结构。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种信号灯，其特征在于：该电路结构设有一个壳体，该电路结构的壳体与信号灯的壳体集成为一体。
CNB008012407A 1999-07-07 2000-07-03 用于控制半导体光源的电路结构及其信号灯 Expired - Lifetime CN1319415C (zh)

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CN1316174A (zh) 2001-10-03
CA2343062A1 (en) 2001-01-18
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US6304464B1 (en) 2001-10-16
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