CN102105447B - 防治动物害虫的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物 - Google Patents
防治动物害虫的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102105447B CN102105447B CN200980128419.2A CN200980128419A CN102105447B CN 102105447 B CN102105447 B CN 102105447B CN 200980128419 A CN200980128419 A CN 200980128419A CN 102105447 B CN102105447 B CN 102105447B
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- OBTWBSRJZRCYQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuryl difluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(=O)=O OBTWBSRJZRCYQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012747 synergistic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UJMBCXLDXJUMFB-GLCFPVLVSA-K tartrazine Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=NN(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)C1\N=N\C1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 UJMBCXLDXJUMFB-GLCFPVLVSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000012756 tartrazine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004149 tartrazine Substances 0.000 description 1
- AWYOMXWDGWUJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tebupirimfos Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OC(C)C)OC1=CN=C(C(C)(C)C)N=C1 AWYOMXWDGWUJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXZDIALLLMRYOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl hypochlorite Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OCl IXZDIALLLMRYOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OULAJFUGPPVRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetratriacontyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO OULAJFUGPPVRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WOSNCVAPUOFXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N thifluzamide Chemical compound S1C(C)=NC(C(F)(F)F)=C1C(=O)NC1=C(Br)C=C(OC(F)(F)F)C=C1Br WOSNCVAPUOFXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophanate-methyl Chemical group COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSOHVSNIQHGFJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L thiosultap disodium Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)SCC(N(C)C)CSS([O-])(=O)=O QSOHVSNIQHGFJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001295 tocopherol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010384 tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011732 tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930003799 tocopherol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000002088 tosyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229960001479 tosylchloramide sodium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003437 trachea Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- APEJMQOBVMLION-VOTSOKGWSA-N trans-cinnamamide Chemical compound NC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 APEJMQOBVMLION-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- BAZVSMNPJJMILC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triadimenol Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1C(C(O)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 BAZVSMNPJJMILC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKNFWVNSBIXGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CSC1=NC(C(C)(C)C)=NN1C(=O)N(C)C NKNFWVNSBIXGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFSJPOPLSWBGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazol-4-one Chemical compound O=C1C=NN=N1 FFSJPOPLSWBGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXUAHZSKEQSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tribufos Chemical compound CCCCSP(=O)(SCCCC)SCCCC ZOKXUAHZSKEQSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000003982 trichinellosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000007588 trichinosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000006000 trichloroethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003866 trichloromethyl group Chemical group ClC(Cl)(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- 229940087291 tridecyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl orthoformate Chemical compound CCOC(OCC)OCC GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONCZDRURRATYFI-TVJDWZFNSA-N trifloxystrobin Chemical compound CO\N=C(\C(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1CO\N=C(/C)C1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 ONCZDRURRATYFI-TVJDWZFNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSMVPDGQOIQYSR-KGENOOAVSA-N triflumizole Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(/COCCC)=N/C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1C(F)(F)F HSMVPDGQOIQYSR-KGENOOAVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAIPTRIXGHTTNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflumuron Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(F)(F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl XAIPTRIXGHTTNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004044 trifluoroacetyl group Chemical group FC(C(=O)*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002753 trypsin inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005418 vegetable material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000052613 viral pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002578 wasp venom Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003021 water soluble solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005943 zeta-Cypermethrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- CHNQZRKUZPNOOH-UHFFFAOYSA-J zinc;manganese(2+);n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[Zn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S CHNQZRKUZPNOOH-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- AMHNZOICSMBGDH-UHFFFAOYSA-L zineb Chemical compound [Zn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S AMHNZOICSMBGDH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N α-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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- C07D213/61—Halogen atoms or nitro radicals
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/36—Radicals substituted by singly-bound nitrogen atoms
- C07D213/42—Radicals substituted by singly-bound nitrogen atoms having hetero atoms attached to the substituent nitrogen atom
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07D277/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings
- C07D277/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D277/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D277/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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Abstract
本发明涉及式(I)的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物、其对映体、非对映体和盐以及包含该类化合物的组合物。本发明还涉及磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物、其盐以及包含它们的组合物在在防治动物害虫中的用途。此外,本发明还涉及施用磺酰亚胺化合物的方法。本发明的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物由下式I所定义,其中Q、Het、R1、R2、R3、R4和n如说明书所定义。
Description
本发明涉及磺酰亚胺酰胺(sulfoximinamid)化合物、其对映体、非对映体和盐以及包含该类化合物的组合物。本发明还涉及磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物、其盐或包含它们的组合物在防治动物害虫中的用途。此外,本发明还涉及施用该类化合物的方法。
动物害虫破坏生长和收获的作物并侵袭木质居住和商业结构体,从而对食物供应和财产造成大的经济损失。尽管已知大量杀虫剂,但由于目标害虫能够对所述杀虫剂产生耐药性,仍然需要用于防治动物害虫的新试剂。动物害虫如昆虫和螨尤其难以有效防治。
因此,本发明的目的是提供尤其对于难以防治的昆虫和螨具有良好的杀虫活性的化合物。
已经发现这些目的由通式I的磺酰亚胺酰胺衍生物或其可农用盐或兽用盐、对映体或非对映体实现:
其中
Q为NO2或CN;
n为0、1或2;
R1和R2相互独立地且独立于n选自氢、卤素、C1-C6烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6炔基、C1-C6烷氧基、CN、NO2、C(O)Rc、C(O)ORa、C(O)NRaRb、C(S)NRaRb或S(O)mRc,并且其中上述基团中的碳原子可以带有1、2或3个基团Rd的任意组合;或
R1和R2与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成3-6员碳环,并且其中该环的碳原子可以带有1或2个基团Rd的任意组合;
R3选自氢、C1-C6烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6炔基、C(O)Rc、C(O)ORa、C(O)NRaRb、C(S)NRaRb、SOmRc或NRe,并且其中上述基团中的碳原子可以带有1、2或3个基团Rd的任意组合;
R4选自C1-C6烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6炔基或NReRf,并且其中上述基团中的碳原子可以带有1、2或3个基团Rd的任意组合;或
R3和R4与它们所键合的氮和硫原子一起形成任选含有选自N、O、S的额外杂原子的饱和或不饱和4、5或6员杂环,而该杂环的碳原子可以任选带有1或2个基团Rd的任意组合并且额外的N原子任选可以带有Re;
其中#表示式(I)中的键,和
X选自氢、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6卤代链烯基、C2-C6炔基、C2-C6卤代炔基、C(O)Rc、C(O)OR5、C(O)NRaRb、C(S)NRaRb或S(O)mRc,并且其中上述基团中的碳原子可以带有1、2或3个基团Rd的任意组合;
Y选自卤素、C1-C6烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6炔基、C1-C6烷氧基、CN、NO2、S(O)mRc、C(O)Rc、C(O)ORa、C(O)NRaRb或C(S)NRaRb,并且其中上述基团中的碳原子可以带有1、2或3个基团Rd的任意组合;
p为0、1或2;
q为0、1或2;
并且其中Ra、Rb相互独立地选自氢、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C3-C6链烯基、C3-C6卤代链烯基或C3-C6炔基;
Rc选自C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6卤代链烯基或C2-C6炔基;
Rd选自卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6卤代链烯基或C2-C6炔基、C1-C6烷氧基、C2-C6链烯氧基、C2-C6炔氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基或C1-C6烷硫基;
Re、Rf相互独立地选自氢、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C3-C6链烯基、C3-C6卤代链烯基、C3-C6炔基、C(O)Rc、C(O)ORa、C(O)NRaRb或C(S)NRaRb;
m为0、1或2。
取决于取代方式,式I化合物可以含有一个或多个手性中心,此时它们以对映体或非对映体混合物存在。本发明主题不仅为含有这些混合物的组合物,而且为含有纯对映体或非对映体的那些。
本发明化合物(I)还可以表示不同的互变异构结构。例如若R3为氢,则表示下列两种互变异构结构:
若R3为氢且R4为NReRf以及Re或Rf之一为氢,则进一步可能存在下列互变异构结构:
本发明的式I化合物还可以以其生物学活性可能不同的不同晶型存在。这些也为本发明主题。
除草的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物已经描述于EP173498中。其他一般性磺酰亚胺(sulfoximine)化合物如芳基磺酰亚胺化合物已经在GB 1307271中描述为除草剂和杀虫剂。磺酰亚胺化合物的吡唑、吡咯和咪唑衍生物及其杀虫活性可以在WO 9639389中找到。磺酰亚胺化合物的异唑啉衍生物及其除草活性已经在WO 2006037945中讨论。烷基取代的磺酰亚胺化合物的杀虫活性可以在WO 2006060029中找到。
式I的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物及其可农用盐对动物害虫,即有害的节肢动物和线虫高度有效,尤其对难以防治的昆虫和螨高度有效。
因此,本发明涉及通式I的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物、其可农用盐或可兽用盐、其对映体或非对映体。
此外,本发明涉及:
-包含一定量的至少一种式I化合物或其对映体、非对映体或盐的农用和兽用组合物;
-式I化合物或其对映体、非对映体或盐在防治动物害虫中的用途;
-一种防治动物害虫的方法,包括使动物害虫、其栖息地、繁殖地、食物供应源、其中动物害虫生长或可能生长的植物、种子、土壤、区域、材料或环境或要防止动物害虫侵袭或侵染的材料、植物、种子、土壤、表面或空间与杀虫有效量的至少一种式I化合物或其对映体、非对映体或盐接触;
-一种保护作物免受动物害虫侵袭或侵染的方法,包括使作物与杀虫有效量的至少一种式I化合物或其对映体、非对映体或盐接触;
-一种保护种子免受土壤昆虫侵袭和保护秧苗的根和芽免受土壤和叶面昆虫侵袭的方法,包括在播种之前和/或催芽之后使种子与至少一种式I化合物或其对映体、非对映体或盐接触;
-包含式I化合物或其对映体、非对映体或盐接触的种子;
-式I化合物或其对映体、非对映体或可兽用盐在动物中和动物上防治寄生虫的用途。
-一种处理、防治、预防或保护动物以免受寄生虫侵袭或侵染的方法,包括对动物口服、局部或肠胃外给药或施用杀寄生虫有效量的式I化合物或其对映体、非对映体和/或可兽用盐;
-一种制备用于处理、防治、预防或保护动物以免受寄生虫侵袭或侵染的组合物的方法,所述组合物包含杀寄生虫有效量的式I的化合物或其对映体、非对映体和/或可兽用盐。
式I化合物的盐优选为可农用盐和/或可兽用盐。它们可以常规方法形成,例如若式I化合物具有碱性官能团,则通过使该化合物与所述阴离子的酸反应,或使式I的酸性化合物与合适的碱反应。
合适的可农用盐或可兽用盐尤其是其阳离子和阴离子分别对本发明化合物的作用没有任何不利影响的那些阳离子的盐或那些酸的酸加成盐。合适的阳离子尤其是碱金属离子,优选锂、钠和钾离子;碱土金属离子,优选钙、镁和钡离子;过渡金属离子,优选锰、铜、锌和铁离子;还有铵离子(NH4 +)和其中1-4个氢原子被C1-C4烷基、C1-C4羟基烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷氧基-C1-C4烷基、羟基-C1-C4烷氧基-C1-C4烷基、苯基或苄基替代的取代铵离子。取代铵离子的实例包括甲基铵、异丙基铵、二甲基铵、二异丙基铵、三甲基铵、四甲基铵、四乙基铵、四丁基铵、2-羟基乙基铵、2-(2-羟基乙氧基)乙基铵、二(2-羟基乙基)铵、苄基三甲基铵和苄基三乙基铵,此外还有离子,锍离子,优选三(C1-C4烷基)锍和氧化锍离子,优选三(C1-C4烷基)氧化锍。
有用酸加成盐的阴离子主要是氯离子、溴离子、氟离子、硫酸氢根、硫酸根、磷酸二氢根、磷酸氢根、磷酸根、硝酸根、碳酸氢根、碳酸根、六氟硅酸根、六氟磷酸根、苯甲酸根和C1-C4链烷酸的阴离子,优选甲酸根、乙酸根、丙酸根和丁酸根。它们可以通过使式I化合物与对应阴离子的酸,优选盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、磷酸或硝酸反应而形成。
在各变量的上述定义中提到的有机结构部分象术语卤素一样为各基团成员的各次列举的集合性术语。前缀Cn-Cm在每种情况下表示该基团中可能的碳原子数。
“卤素”应理解为指氟、溴、氯和碘。
术语“部分或完全被卤代”应理解为指所给基团中的一个或多个,例如1、2、3、4或5个或所有氢原子被卤原子,尤其是氟或氯替代。
本文所用(以及还在Cn-Cm烷基氨基、二-Cn-Cm烷基氨基、Cn-Cm烷基氨基羰基、二-(Cn-Cm烷基氨基)羰基、Cn-Cm烷硫基、Cn-Cm烷基亚磺酰基和Cn-Cm烷基磺酰基中的)术语“Cn-Cm烷基”指具有n-m个,例如1-10个,优选1-6个碳原子的支化或未支化饱和烃基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、1-甲基乙基、丁基、1-甲基丙基、2-甲基丙基、1,1-二甲基乙基、戊基、1-甲基丁基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丙基、1-乙基丙基、己基、1,1-二甲基丙基、1,2-二甲基丙基、1-甲基戊基、2-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、4-甲基戊基、1,1-二甲基丁基、1,2-二甲基丁基、1,3-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、2,3-二甲基丁基、3,3-二甲基丁基、1-乙基丁基、2-乙基丁基、1,1,2-三甲基丙基、1,2,2-三甲基丙基、1-乙基-1-甲基丙基、1-乙基-2-甲基丙基、庚基、辛基、2-乙基己基、壬基和癸基及其异构体。C1-C4烷基例如指甲基、乙基、丙基、1-甲基乙基、丁基、1-甲基丙基、2-甲基丙基或1,1-二甲基乙基。
本文所用(以及还在Cn-Cm卤代烷基亚磺酰基和Cn-Cm卤代烷基磺酰基中的)术语“Cn-Cm卤代烷基”指具有n-m个,例如1-10个,尤其是1-6个碳原子的直链或支化烷基(如上所述),其中这些基团中的部分或所有氢原子可以被如上所述的卤原子替代,例如C1-C4卤代烷基,如氯甲基、溴甲基、二氯甲基、三氯甲基、氟甲基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、氯氟甲基、二氯一氟甲基、一氯二氟甲基、1-氯乙基、1-溴乙基、1-氟乙基、2-氟乙基、2,2-二氟乙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、2-氯-2-氟乙基、2-氯-2,2-二氟乙基、2,2-二氯-2-氟乙基、2,2,2-三氯乙基、五氟乙基等。术语C1-C10卤代烷基尤其包括C1-C2氟烷基,其与甲基或乙基为同义词,其中1、2、3、4或5个氢原子被氟原子替代,如氟甲基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、1-氟乙基、2-氟乙基、2,2-二氟乙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基和五氟甲基。
类似地,“Cn-Cm烷氧基”和“Cn-Cm烷硫基”(或Cn-Cm烷基硫基(sulfenyl))指在烷基的任何键处分别通过氧或硫键键合的具有n-m个,例如1-10个,尤其是1-6或1-4个碳原子的直链或支化烷基(如上所述)。实例包括C1-C4烷氧基如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基、仲丁氧基、异丁氧基和叔丁氧基,此外还有C1-C4烷硫基如甲硫基、乙硫基、丙硫基、异丙硫基和正丁硫基。
相应地,术语“Cn-Cm卤代烷氧基”和“Cn-Cm卤代烷硫基”(或Cn-Cm卤代烷基硫基)指在烷基的任何键处分别通过氧或硫键键合的具有n-m个,例如1-10个,尤其是1-6或1-4个碳原子的直链或支化烷基(如上所述),其中这些基团中的部分或所有氢原子可以被如上所述的卤原子替代,例如C1-C2卤代烷氧基,如氯代甲氧基、溴代甲氧基、二氯甲氧基、三氯甲氧基、氟代甲氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、氯氟甲氧基、二氯一氟甲氧基、一氯二氟甲氧基、1-氯乙氧基、1-溴乙氧基、1-氟乙氧基、2-氟乙氧基、2,2-二氟乙氧基、2,2,2-三氟乙氧基、2-氯-2-氟乙氧基、2-氯-2,2-二氟乙氧基、2,2-二氯-2-氟乙氧基、2,2,2-三氯乙氧基和五氟乙氧基,此外还有C1-C2卤代烷硫基,如氯代甲硫基、溴甲硫基、二氯甲硫基、三氯甲硫基、氟甲硫基、二氟甲硫基、三氟甲硫基、氯氟甲硫基、二氯一氟甲硫基、一氯二氟甲硫基、1-氯乙硫基、1-溴乙硫基、1-氟乙硫基、2-氟乙硫基、2,2-二氟乙硫基、2,2,2-三氟乙硫基、2-氯-2-氟乙硫基、2-氯-2,2-二氟乙硫基、2,2-二氯-2-氟乙硫基、2,2,2-三氯乙硫基和五氟乙硫基等。类似地,术语C1-C2氟烷氧基和C1-C2氟烷硫基指分别经由氧原子或硫原子与分子的其余部分键合的C1-C2氟烷基。
本文所用术语“C2-Cm链烯基”指具有2-m个,例如2-10或2-6个碳原子和在任意位置的双键的支化或未支化不饱和烃基,如乙烯基、1-丙烯基、2-丙烯基、1-甲基乙烯基、1-丁烯基、2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基、1-甲基-1-丙烯基、2-甲基-1-丙烯基、1-甲基-2-丙烯基、2-甲基-2-丙烯基、1-戊烯基、2-戊烯基、3-戊烯基、4-戊烯基、1-甲基-1-丁烯基、2-甲基-1-丁烯基、3-甲基-1-丁烯基、1-甲基-2-丁烯基、2-甲基-2-丁烯基、3-甲基-2-丁烯基、1-甲基-3-丁烯基、2-甲基-3-丁烯基、3-甲基-3-丁烯基、1,1-二甲基-2-丙烯基、1,2-二甲基-1-丙烯基、1,2-二甲基-2-丙烯基、1-乙基-1-丙烯基、1-乙基-2-丙烯基、1-己烯基、2-己烯基、3-己烯基、4-己烯基、5-己烯基、1-甲基-1-戊烯基、2-甲基-1-戊烯基、3-甲基-1-戊烯基、4-甲基-1-戊烯基、1-甲基-2-戊烯基、2-甲基-2-戊烯基、3-甲基-2-戊烯基、4-甲基-2-戊烯基、1-甲基-3-戊烯基、2-甲基-3-戊烯基、3-甲基-3-戊烯基、4-甲基-3-戊烯基、1-甲基-4-戊烯基、2-甲基-4-戊烯基、3-甲基-4-戊烯基、4-甲基-4-戊烯基、1,1-二甲基-2-丁烯基、1,1-二甲基-3-丁烯基、1,2-二甲基-1-丁烯基、1,2-二甲基-2-丁烯基、1,2-二甲基-3-丁烯基、1,3-二甲基-1-丁烯基、1,3-二甲基-2-丁烯基、1,3-二甲基-3-丁烯基、2,2-二甲基-3-丁烯基、2,3-二甲基-1-丁烯基、2,3-二甲基-2-丁烯基、2,3-二甲基-3-丁烯基、3,3-二甲基-1-丁烯基、3,3-二甲基-2-丁烯基、1-乙基-1-丁烯基、1-乙基-2-丁烯基、1-乙基-3-丁烯基、2-乙基-1-丁烯基、2-乙基-2-丁烯基、2-乙基-3-丁烯基、1,1,2-三甲基-2-丙烯基、1-乙基-1-甲基-2-丙烯基、1-乙基-2-甲基-1-丙烯基和1-乙基-2-甲基-2-丙烯基。
本文所用术语“C2-Cm炔基”指具有2-m个,例如2-10或2-6个碳原子且含有至少一个叁键的支化或未支化不饱和烃基,如乙炔基、丙炔基、1-丁炔基、2-丁炔基等。
本文所用术语“C1-C4烷氧基-C1-C4烷基”指具有1-4个碳原子的烷基,例如象上面所提到的具体实例,其中烷基的一个氢原子被C1-C4烷氧基替代。
本文所用术语“C3-Cm环烷基”指单环3-m员饱和脂环族基团,例如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基和环癸基。
本文所用术语“芳基”指芳族烃基如萘基或尤其是苯基。
本文所用术语“3-6员碳环”指环丙烷、环丁烷、环戊烷和环己烷环。
术语“饱和4、5或6员杂环”由下列实例说明:
[1,2]噻嗪烷 [1,5,2]二噻嗪烷
[1,3,4]氧硫杂环己烷
5,6-二氢-2H-[1,2,3]噻二嗪 3,4-二氢-2H-[1,2]噻嗪 2H-[1,2]噻嗪
5,6-二氢-2H-[1,2]噻嗪
[1,2,6]噻二嗪烷 [1,2,3]噻二嗪烷
这里优选[1,2]噻嗪烷化合物。
异噻唑烷 2,5-二氢异噻唑 2,3-二氢异噻唑
[1,3,4]氧硫杂环戊烷 [1,2,4]噻二唑烷 [1,4,2]二噻唑烷
2,5-二氢-[1,2,4]噻二唑 2,3-二氢-[1,2,4]噻二唑 [1,2,5]噻二唑烷
这里优选异噻唑烷化合物。
优选情形
优选的本发明化合物如下列段落所述。
优选的本发明化合物为式(I)的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物,其中
p为0、1或2;
Rd选自卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6卤代链烯基或C2-C6炔基、C1-C6烷氧基、C2-C6链烯氧基、C2-C6炔氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基或C1-C6烷硫基;和
q为0、1或2。
优选的本发明化合物为其中Q为CN的式(I)的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物。
优选的本发明化合物为其中n为0或1的式(I)的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物。
最优选其中n为0的式(I)的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物。
优选的本发明化合物为如下式(I)的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物,其中R1和R2相互独立地且独立于n选自氢、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基或C3-C6环烷基。
更优选的本发明化合物为如下式(I)的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物,其中R1和R2相互独立地且独立于n选自氢、甲基、乙基或三氟甲基。
还更优选如下式(I)的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物,其中R1和R2与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成环丙烷。
优选的本发明化合物为其中R3选自氢、C1-C6烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基或C4-C6环烷基烷基的式(I)的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物。
更优选的本发明化合物为其中R3选自氢、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、环丙基、叔丁基或环丙基甲基的式(I)的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物。
优选的本发明化合物为其中R4选自C1-C4烷基、C3-C4环烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基或环丙基甲基的式(I)的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物。
更优选的本发明化合物为其中R4为甲基或乙基的式(I)的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物。
还更优选如下式(I)的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物,其中R3和R4与它们所键合的氮和硫原子一起形成饱和或不饱和5或6员杂环,而该杂环的碳原子可以任选带有1或2个基团Rd的任意组合,并且其中Rd选自卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6卤代链烯基或C2-C6炔基、C1-C6烷氧基、C2-C6链烯氧基、C2-C6炔氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基或C1-C6烷硫基。
尤其优选如下式(I)的那些磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物,其中R3和R4与它们所键合的氮和硫原子一起形成异噻唑烷或[1,2]噻嗪烷环。
下列段落示出优选情形的一些可能组合以进行说明。优选情形的任意组合包括在本发明范围内。
尤其优选的本发明化合物为式(I)的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物,其中Het为并且其中Y选自卤素、C1-C4卤代烷基或C1-C4烷基且p为0、1或2,其中Q为CN,n为0或1,R1和R2相互独立地选自氢、甲基、乙基或三氟甲基,或者R1和R2与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成环丙烷,R3选自氢、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、环丙基、叔丁基或环丙基甲基且R4为甲基或乙基,或者R3和R4与它们所键合的氮和硫原子一起形成饱和或不饱和4、5或6员杂环,该杂环任选额外含有选自N、O、S的杂原子,而该杂环的碳原子可以任选带有1或2个基团Rd的任意组合且额外的N原子可以任选带有Re,以及其中Rd选自卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6卤代链烯基或C2-C6炔基、C1-C6烷氧基、C2-C6链烯氧基、C2-C6炔氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基或C1-C6烷硫基和Re选自氢、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C3-C6链烯基、C3-C6卤代链烯基、C3-C6炔基、C(O)Rc、C(O)ORa、C(O)NRaRb或C(S)NRaRb。
尤其优选的本发明化合物为式(I)的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物,其中Het为并且其中Y选自氟、氯、溴、碘或C1-C4卤代烷基且p为1,其中Q为CN,n为0,R3选自氢、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、环丙基、叔丁基或环丙基甲基且R4为甲基或乙基,或者R3和R4与它们所键合的氮和硫原子一起形成饱和或不饱和4、5或6员杂环,该杂环任选额外含有选自N、O、S的杂原子,而该杂环的碳原子可以任选带有1或2个基团Rd的任意组合且额外的N原子可以任选带有Re,并且其中Rd选自卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6卤代链烯基或C2-C6炔基、C1-C6烷氧基、C2-C6链烯氧基、C2-C6炔氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基或C1-C6烷硫基和Re选自氢、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C3-C6链烯基、C3-C6卤代链烯基、C3-C6炔基、C(O)Rc、C(O)ORa、C(O)NRaRb或C(S)NRaRb。
尤其优选的本发明化合物为式(I)的磺酰亚胺化合物,其中Het为并且其中Y选自卤素或C1-C4卤代烷基且p为1,Q为CN,n为0以及R3和R4与它们所键合的氮和硫原子一起形成未被取代的异噻唑烷或未被取代的[1,2]噻嗪烷环。
优选化合物的实例
该类尤其优选化合物的实例为式(I-A)化合物,其中R1、R2、R3、R4和Het具有表C.I的第C.1-C.308行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的实例还为式(I-B)化合物,其中R1、R2、R3、R4和Het具有表C.I的第C.1-C.308行中任一行所给含义。
表C.I:
在表C.I中,Het的“#”表示在式I中的键;
该类尤其优选化合物的其他实例为式(I-C)化合物,其中R3、R4和Het具有表C.II的第C.309-C.396行中任一行所给含义。
该类尤其优选化合物的其他实例还为式(I-D)化合物,其中R3、R4和Het具有表C.II的第C.309-C.396行中任一行所给含义。
表C.II:
在表C.II中,Het的“#”表示在式I中的键;
制备方法
本发明式(I)化合物可以例如根据如下所述制备方法和制备方案制备。制备式(I)的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物的方法:
在下列方案和方法中,若无另外指定,则所用各式中取代基、变量和指数的定义对应于对上式(I)所给定义。
方案A:
步骤A.1:因此可以通过在合适的溶剂中用合适的氧化剂处理将式(V)的烃硫基胺(sulfenamide)氧化成对应的亚磺酰胺(III)。该氧化优选使用过氧化氢进行。可以使用的溶剂是水,乙腈,羧酸如乙酸、三氟乙酸、丙酸,醇类如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、叔丁醇、六氟异丙醇,氯代烃类如二氯甲烷、1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷,或酮类如丙酮或甲基乙基酮。该反应可以通过加入强酸如三氟乙酸或全氯乙酸而催化。金属化合物如五氧化二钒、钨酸钠也是合适的催化剂。其他优选的氧化剂是过酸,如过乙酸、过三氟乙酸或3-氯过氧苯甲酸。
特别优选的氧化剂是在六氟异丙醇存在下的过氧化氢,或在低于0℃的温度下的3-氯过氧苯甲酸,或高碘酸钠。
优选的溶剂为二氯甲烷、氯仿或乙腈并且在其中高碘酸钠为氧化剂的情况下包括水和醇类如甲醇或乙醇。
步骤A.2:合成亚磺酰胺(III)的不同途径使用在碱存在下在合适溶剂中胺(VI)和亚磺酰氯(VI.1)之间的偶联。
合适的碱通常为无机化合物,如碱金属和碱土金属氧化物,如氧化锂、氧化钠、氧化钙和氧化镁,碱金属和碱土金属碳酸盐,如碳酸锂、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸铯和碳酸钙,以及碱金属碳酸氢盐,如碳酸氢钠,碱金属和碱土金属醇盐,如甲醇钠、乙醇钠、乙醇钾和叔丁醇钾,此外还有有机碱,例如叔胺,如三甲胺、三乙胺、二异丙基乙基胺和N-甲基哌啶,吡啶,取代吡啶,如可力丁、卢剔啶和4-二甲氨基吡啶,还有双环胺类。特别优选诸如碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸铯、三乙胺和碳酸氢钠的碱。
优选使用叔胺碱如三乙胺或N,N-二异丙基乙基胺和溶剂如二氯甲烷、氯仿或二甲基甲酰胺。
步骤A.3:可以如J.Org.Chem.1989,54,986-988所述通过用叠氮化钠在浓硫酸存在下在非质子溶剂中于升高的温度下保温而将式(III)的亚磺酰胺转化成对应的磺酰亚胺酰胺(II)。为了避免在高温下处理危险的叠氮酸,该转化还可以在更低温度(例如0℃)下使用发烟硫酸作为酸完成。式(III)的亚磺酰胺还可以通过与O-基磺酰基羟胺反应而亚胺化(见J.Org.Chem.,39,16,1974,2458-59)。二氯甲烷或氯仿为用于这些转化的优选溶剂。
步骤A.4:式(I)的N-硝基-或N-氰基-磺酰亚胺酰胺可以通过亚胺氮原子的氰化或硝化而由磺酰亚胺酰胺(II)得到。为了引入氰基,在碱如N,N-二甲氨基吡啶存在下使该磺酰亚胺酰胺用溴化氰保温。硝化通过使磺酰亚胺酰胺(II)与硝酸在乙酸酐和硫酸作为催化剂存在下于温和升高的温度下反应而实现(参见Synthesis,1986,5,426-7)。
步骤A.5:式(I)的N-氰基磺酰亚胺酰胺还可以如Beilstein J.of Org.Chem 2007,3:25,1所述通过与氨腈在碱如叔丁醇钾和合适氯化试剂如N-氯代琥珀酰亚胺存在下反应以使对应的亚磺酰胺(III)亚胺化而得到。
在制备方法中的其他单独方式如下所述。
其中Q表示CN的式(Id)的N-氰基磺酰亚胺酰胺可以通过方案B所示温和和有效方法制备。
方案B:
用亚碘酰苯二乙酸酯(iodosobenzene diacetate)在氨腈存在下于0℃或环境温度下氧化式(V)的烃硫基胺得到对应的亚磺酰亚胺酰胺(sulfiliminamide)(VII.1)。该转化可以在合适溶剂如二氯甲烷或乙腈中进行。亚磺酰亚胺酰胺(VII.1)向对应磺酰亚胺酰胺(Id)的转化可以通过使用间氯过苯甲酸在碱如碳酸钾或碳酸氢钾存在下氧化而实现。优选的溶剂为极性质子溶剂如乙醇和水的混合物,但在亚磺酰亚胺酰胺原料充分可溶于该溶剂中时,可以使用二氯甲烷。
式(II)的磺酰亚胺酰胺还可以使用方案C和D中所示替换途径由烃硫基胺(V)开始制备。
方案C:
因此,烃硫基胺(V)与N-氯-对甲苯磺酰胺(氯胺T)和碱的反应或与4-甲基-N-(苯基亚碘基(phenylidodinene))苯磺酰胺在催化的乙酸铑(II)存在下的反应得到N-甲苯磺酰基亚磺酰亚胺酰胺(VIII)。极性非质子溶剂如二氯甲烷或乙腈为用于该转化的优选溶剂。可以通过在碱如碳酸钾存在下用间氯过苯甲酸(mCPBA)氧化而将N-甲苯磺酰基亚磺酰亚胺酰胺(VIII)转化成对应的N-甲苯磺酰基磺酰亚胺酰胺(IX)。或者,还可以使用高碘酸钠水溶液在催化的三氯化钌或类似催化剂存在下在合适溶剂如二氯甲烷、氯仿或乙腈中制备磺酰亚胺酰胺(IX)。可以通过在环境温度下用浓硫酸处理N-甲苯磺酰基磺酰亚胺酰胺(IX)而除去甲苯磺酰基以得到磺酰亚胺酰胺(II)。
由烃硫基胺(V)制备磺酰亚胺酰胺(II)的另一途径如方案D所述。
方案D:
烃硫基胺(V)与亚碘酰苯二乙酸酯和三氟乙酰胺在催化剂如二乙酸铑和碱如氧化镁存在下的反应得到N-三氟乙酰基保护的亚磺酰亚胺酰胺(X)。该反应优选在极性非质子溶剂如二氯甲烷中进行。在碱存在下用间氯过苯甲酸或在催化剂如三氯化钌存在下用高碘酸钠水溶液氧化式(X)的亚磺酰亚胺酰胺提供N-三氟乙酰基保护的磺酰亚胺酰胺(XI)。在极性溶剂中用碱将这些中间体保温导致三氟乙酰基解保护而得到磺酰亚胺酰胺(II)。优选在溶剂如甲醇或乙醇中使用碳酸钾作为碱。
在方案A-D中式(V)的烃硫基胺原料可以使用方案E中所示的几种不同途径制备。
方案E:
步骤E.1:
通过硫醇(VI.2)氯化而得到的式(VI.3)的烃硫基卤代表最早已知的烃硫基转移试剂(例如参见Chem.Rev.1989,89(4),689-712)。硫醇氯化的优选条件包括在非质子溶剂如二氯甲烷或甲苯中在氮碱如三乙胺或吡啶存在下使用氯气、磺酰氯或N-氯琥珀酰亚胺作为氯化试剂。所得烃硫基卤与胺(VI)在用于清除释放的盐酸的胺碱存在下在极性非质子溶剂中反应得到所需烃硫基胺(V)。
步骤E.2:
烃硫基胺(V)还可以如J.Org.Chem.1977,31,2842-2846所述由硫醇磺酸酯(VI.5)开始通过与胺(VI)反应得到。硫醇磺酸酯中间体易于通过在碱存在下使用合适烷基化剂R4-LG(VI.4)将硫代磺酸(或其盐)S-烷基化而得到,其中LG表示离去基团如卤化物、三氟甲磺酸根等。
步骤E.3:
因此,还可以如Tetrahedron Lett.1971,52,4953-4956所述使根据Tetrahedron 1997,53(42),14411-14416所述的条件由硫醇(VI.2)和邻苯二甲酰亚胺制备的烃硫基酰亚胺(VI.6)与胺(VI)在环境温度或升高的温度下反应而提供烃硫基胺(V)。对该转化而言优选非质子溶剂如二氯甲烷或甲苯。
步骤E.4:
二硫化物(VI.7)的金属离子辅助的裂解以及随后与胺(VI)的反应代表由硫醇(VI.2)开始得到烃硫基胺(V)的另一途径(例如参见J.Org.Chem.1977,42,967-972)。优选使用一价银-I和二价汞-II盐如硝酸银、乙酸银或氯化汞。
其中R3和R4形成饱和5或6员环(意味着r等于1或2)的式(XIII)的环状烃硫基胺还可以如方案F所述制备。
方案F:
因此,如Heterocycles 1985,23(8),1897-1900所述,升高的温度使得烯丙基亚砜(XII)发生Mislow-Evans重排,随后胺氮原子攻击瞬时产生的次磺酸烯丙基酯,导致分子内闭环成相应的环状烃硫基胺(XIII)。该转化优选在非质子溶剂如环己烷或乙酸乙酯中进行。烯丙基亚砜中间体(XII)可以如上述参考文献所述衍生于丙烯醛或者可以通过本领域熟练技术人员已知的标准合成方法由不同原料得到。在方案F中,Rd1-Rd6相互独立地且独立于r选择并且对应于前面所定义的Rd以及q可以表示选自0、1或2的整数。
其中R3和R4形成饱和5员环的式(XVI)的环状烃硫基胺还可以如方案G所述由硫杂环丁烷衍生物(XIV)开始而得到。
方案G:
因此,如Monatshefte für Chemie 1985,116(10),1153-1164所述,式(XIV)的硫杂环丁烷与叔丁基次氯化物(tert-butyl hypochloride)在伯胺存在下的反应得到式(XV)的硫亚胺。这些硫亚胺(XV)在环境温度或升高的温度下重排而得到对应的噻唑烷(XVI)。对该转化优选的溶剂是氯仿。
方案H:
其中R3和R4形成饱和5或6员环,即r等于1或2,q表示0、1或2的整数且Rd如前所定义的式(Ic)的环状磺酰亚胺酰胺还可以如方案H所述制备,其中Rd1-Rd6相互独立地且独立于r选择并且对应于如前所定义的Rd以及Rg为其中碳原子可以带有1或2个选自苯基、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基或C2-C6链烯基的基团的任意组合的C1-C4烷基。
因此,氨基甲酰基保护的氨基二硫化物(XVII)或氨基硫醇(XVIII)可以通过与诸如Br2、Cl2、NBS、NCS或SO2Cl2的试剂一起在碱如吡啶存在下温育而转化成环状烃硫基胺(XIX)。优选该转化在非质子溶剂如二氯甲烷或甲苯中进行。
亚磺酰亚胺酰胺(XX)可以通过与氨腈或氨腈钠在氧化剂如亚碘酰苯二乙酸酯或叔丁基次氯化物存在下反应而由烃硫基胺(XIX)得到。该转化在合适溶剂如二氯甲烷或乙腈中进行。
亚磺酰亚胺酰胺(XX)到对应氨基甲酰基保护的磺酰亚胺酰胺(XXI)的转化可以通过使用例如含水NaOCl或叔丁基次氯化物作为氧化剂进行氧化而实现。该转化优选在H2O和氯化溶剂如二氯甲烷的双相混合物中在相转移催化剂如四丁基溴化铵存在下进行。
取决于基团Ra的性质,得到环状磺酰亚胺酰胺(IV)的氨基甲酸酯解保护可以通过适合相应保护基团的方法实现,例如如T.M.Greene,P.G.M.Wuts,Protecting Groups in Organic Chemistry,第3版,John Wiley &Sons,New York 1999所详述。
式(Ic)的磺酰亚胺酰胺可以通过在碱存在下在极性非质子溶剂中用合适的类似物(XXII)烷基化而由未保护的磺酰亚胺酰胺(IV)得到,其中LG表示合适的离去基团(例如卤化物)。优选该转化如所O.Mitsunobu,Y.Yamada,Bull.Chem.Soc.Japan 1967,40,2380-2382详述在Mitsunobu条件下进行,其中(XXII)为醇衍生物(LG=OH)。
若各化合物不能经由上述途径制备,则可以通过衍生其他化合物I或通过所述合成途径的常规改性而制备它们。
反应混合物以常规方式后处理,例如通过与水混合,分离各相以及合适的话,通过例如在氧化铝或硅胶上的层析法提纯粗产物。一些中间体和终产物可能以无色或浅棕色粘稠油形式得到,将它们在减压和温和升高的温度下提纯或除去挥发性组分。若中间体和终产物以固体得到,则它们可以通过重结晶或浸提进行提纯。
害虫
式I化合物及其盐尤其适合有效防治节肢动物害虫如蜘蛛、多足虫(myriapedes)和昆虫以及线虫。
式I化合物尤其适合有效防治下列害虫:
鳞翅目昆虫(鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)),例如小地老虎(Agrotis ypsilon)、黄地老虎(Agrotis segetum)、木棉虫(Alabama argillacea)、黎豆夜蛾(Anticarsiagemmatalis)、Argyresthia conjugella、叉纹夜蛾(Autographa gamma)、树尺蠖(Bupalus piniarius)、Cacoecia murinana、Capua reticulana、Cheimatobia brumata、云杉色卷蛾(Choristoneura fumiferana)、Choristoneura occidentalis、二化螟(Cirphis unipuncta)、苹果小卷蛾(Cydiapomonella)、松毛虫(Dendrolimus pini)、Diaphania nitidalis、西南玉米杆草螟(Diatraea grandiosella)、埃及钻夜蛾(Earias insulana)、南美玉米苗斑螟(Elasmopalpus lignosellus)、女贞细卷蛾(Eupoecilia ambiguella)、Evetriabouliana、Feltia subterranea、蜡螟(Galleria mellonella)、李小食心虫(Grapholitha funebrana)、梨小食心虫(Grapholitha molesta)、棉铃虫(Heliothis armigera)、烟芽夜蛾(Heliothis virescens)、玉米穗虫(Heliothiszea)、菜螟(Hellula undalis)、Hibernia defoliaria、美国白蛾(Hyphantriacunea)、苹果巢蛾(Hyponomeuta malinellus)、番茄虫蛾(Keiferialycopersicella)、Lambdina fiscellaria、甜菜夜蛾(Laphygma exigua)、咖啡潜叶蛾(Leucoptera coffeella)、旋纹潜蛾(Leucoptera scitella)、Lithocolletisblancardella、葡萄浆果小卷蛾(Lobesia botrana)、甜菜网螟(Loxostegesticticalis)、舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar)、模毒蛾(Lymantria monacha)、桃潜蛾(Lyonetia clerkella)、黄褐天幕毛虫(Malacosoma neustria)、甘蓝夜蛾(Mamestra brassicae)、黄杉毒蛾(Orgyia pseudotsugata)、玉米螟(Ostrinianubilalis)、小眼夜蛾(Panolis flammea)、棉花红铃虫(Pectinophoragossypiella)、疆夜蛾(Peridroma saucia)、圆掌舟蛾(Phalera bucephala)、马铃薯麦蛾(Phthorimaea operculella)、柑桔潜叶蛾(Phyllocnistis citrella)、欧洲粉蝶(Pieris brassicae)、苜蓿绿夜蛾(Plathypena scabra)、菜蛾(Plutellaxylostella)、大豆夜蛾(Pseudoplusia includens)、Rhyacionia frustrana、Scrobipalpula absoluta、麦蛾(Sitotroga cerealella)、葡萄卷叶蛾(Sparganothis pilleriana)、草地夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)、海灰翅夜蛾(Spodoptera littoralis)、斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)、Thaumatopoeapityocampa、绿色橡木飞蛾(Tortrix viridana)、粉纹夜蛾(Trichoplusia ni)和Zeiraphera canadensis;
甲虫(鞘翅目(Coleoptera)),例如梨窄吉丁(Agrilus sinuatus)、直条叩头虫(Agriotes lineatus)、暗色叩头虫(Agriotes obscurus)、Amphimallussolstitialis、Anisandrus dispar、墨西哥棉铃象(Anthonomus grandis)、苹花象(Anthonomus pomorum)、Aphthona euphoridae、Athoushaemorrhoidalis、甜菜隐食甲(Atomaria linearis)、纵坑切梢小蠹(Blastophagus piniperda)、Blitophaga undata、蚕豆象(Bruchusrufimanus)、豌豆象(Bruchus pisorum)、欧洲兵豆象(Bruchus lentis)、苹卷象(Byctiscus betulae)、甜菜大龟甲(Cassida nebulosa)、Cerotomatrifurcata、金花金龟(Cetonia aurata)、白菜籽龟象(Ceuthorrhynchusassimilis)、芫菁龟象(Ceuthorrhynchus napi)、甜菜胫跳甲(Chaetocnematibialis)、Conoderus vespertinus、石刁柏负泥虫(Crioceris asparagi)、Ctenicera ssp.、长角叶甲(Diabrotica longicornis)、Diabroticasemipunctata、Diabrotica 12-punctata、南美叶甲(Diabrotica speciosa)、玉米根叶甲(Diabrotica virgifera)、墨西哥豆瓢虫(Epilachna varivestis)、烟草跳甲(Epitrix hirtipennis)、棉灰蒙象变种(Eutinobothrusbrasiliensis)、欧洲松树皮象(Hylobius abietis)、埃及苜蓿叶象(Hyperabrunneipennis)、紫苜蓿叶象(Hypera postica)、云杉八齿小蠹(Ipstypographus)、烟草负泥虫(Lema bilineata)、黑角负泥虫(Lemamelanopus)、马铃薯叶甲(Leptinotarsa decemlineata)、Limoniuscalifornicus、稻水象甲(Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus)、Melanotuscommunis、油菜露尾甲(Meligethes aeneus)、大栗鳃金龟(Melolonthahippocastani)、五月鳃金龟(Melolontha melolontha)、水稻负泥虫(Oulema oryzae)、葡萄黑耳喙象(Ortiorrhynchus sulcatus)、草莓根象甲(Otiorrhynchus ovatus)、辣根猿叶甲(Phaedon cochleariae)、Phyllobiuspyri、Phyllotreta chrysocephala、食叶鳃金龟属(Phyllophaga sp.)、庭园发丽金龟(Phyllopertha horticola)、大豆淡足跳甲(Phyllotretanemorum)、黄曲条菜跳甲(Phyllotreta striolata)、日本金龟子(Popilliajaponica)、豌豆叶象(Sitona lineatus)和谷象(Sitophilus granaria);
蝇、蚊子(双翅目(Diptera)),例如埃及伊蚊(Aedes aegypti)、白纹伊蚊(Aedes albopictus)、剌扰伊蚊(Aedes vexans)、苍墨西哥果蝇(Anastrephaludens)、五斑按蚊(Anopheles maculipennis)、Anopheles crucians、白足按蚊(Anopheles albimanus)、疟蚊(Anopheles gambiae)、Anophelesfreeborni、白踝按蚊(Anopheles leucosphyrus)、微小按蚊(Anophelesminimus)、四斑按蚊(Anopheles quadrimaculatus)、红头丽蝇(Calliphoravicina)、地中海实蝇(Ceratitis capitata)、蛆症金蝇(Chrysomyabezziana)、Chrysomya hominivorax、Chrysomya macellaria、鹿蝇(Chrysops discalis)、Chrysops silacea、Chrysops atlanticus、Cochliomyiahominivorax、高粱瘿蚊(Contarinia sorghicola)、Cordylobiaanthropophaga、Culicoides furens、尖音库蚊(Culex pipiens)、斑蚊(Culex nigripalpus)、致倦库蚊(Culex quinquefasciatus)、媒斑蚊(Culextarsalis)、Culiseta inornata、Culiseta melanura、瓜蝇(Dacuscucurbitae)、油橄榄实蝇(Dacus oleae)、油菜叶瘿蚊(Dasineurabrassicae)、葱蝇(Delia antique)、麦地种蝇(Delia coarctata)、灰地种蝇(Delia platura)、甘蓝根蝇(Delia radicum)、人肤皮蝇(Dermatobiahominis)、小毛厕蝇(Fannia canicularis)、Geomyza Tripunctata、马蝇(Gasterophilus intestinalis)、刺舌蝇(Glossina morsitans)、须舌蝇(Glossina palpalis)、Glossina fuscipes、Glossina tachinoides、Haematobiairritans、Haplodiplosis equestris、Hippelates spp.、花生田灰地种蝇(Hylemyia platura)、纹皮蝇(Hypoderma lineata)、Leptoconops torrens、蔬菜斑潜蝇(Liriomyza sativae)、美国潜叶蝇(Liriomyza trifolii)、Luciliacaprina、铜绿蝇(Lucilia cuprina)、丝光绿蝇(Lucilia sericata)、Lycoriapectoralis、Mansonia titillanus、麦瘿蚊(Mayetiola destructor)、秋家蝇(Musca autumnalis)、家蝇(Musca domestica)、厩腐蝇(Muscinastabulans)、羊狂蝇(Oestrus ovis)、Opomyza florum、欧洲麦秆蝇(Oscinella frit)、天仙子泉蝇(Pegomya hysocyami)、Phorbia antiqua、萝卜蝇(Phorbia brassicae)、Phorbia coarctata、Phlebotomus argentipes、Psorophora columbiae、Psila rosae、Psorophora discolor、Prosimuliummixtum、樱桃实蝇(Rhagoletis cerasi)、苹果实蝇(Rhagoletispomonella)、红尾肉蝇(Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis)、肉蝇属(Sarcophaga)、Simulium vittatum、厩螫蝇(Stomoxys calcitrans)、牛虻(Tabanus bovinus)、Tabanus atratus、红色原虻(Tabanus lineola)、Tabanus similis、Tipula oleracea和欧洲大蚊(Tipula paludosa);
蓟马(缨翅目(Thysanoptera)),例如兰花蓟马(Dichromothrips corbetti)、Dichromothrips ssp、烟褐蓟马(Frankliniella fusca)、苜蓿花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)、东方花蓟马(Frankliniella tritici)、桔梗蓟马(Scirtothrips citri)、稻蓟马(Thrips oryzae)、棕榈蓟马(Thrips palmi)和烟蓟马(Thrips tabaci);
白蚁(等翅目(Isoptera)),例如Calotermes flavicollis、Leucotermesflavipes、Heterotermes aureus、黄肢散白蚁(Reticulitermes flavipes)、南方散白蚁(Reticulitermes virginicus)、欧洲散白蚁(Reticulitermeslucifugus)、黑胸散白蚁(Reticulitermes santonensis)、Reticulitermesgrassei、Termes natalensis和家白蚁蚁(Coptotermes formosanus);
蟑螂(蜚蠊目(Blattaria)-Blattodea),例如德国小蠊(Blattella germanica)、Blattella asahinae、美洲蟑螂(Periplaneta americana)、日本大蠊(Periplaneta japonica)、棕色蜚蠊(Periplaneta brunnea)、Periplanetafuligginosa、澳洲蜚蠊(Periplaneta australasiae)和东方蜚蠊(Blattaorientalis),
臭虫、蚜虫、叶蝉、粉虱、介壳虫、蝉(半翅目(Hemiptera)),例如拟绿蝽(Acrosternum hilare)、玉米长蝽(Blissus leucopterus)、黑斑烟盲蝽(Cyrtopeltis notatus)、棉红蝽(Dysdercus cingulatus)、Dysdercusintermedius、麦扁盾蝽(Eurygaster integriceps)、烟草蝽(Euschistusimpictiventris)、棉红铃喙缘蝽(Leptoglossus phyllopus)、美洲牧草盲蝽(Lygus lineolaris)、牧草盲蝽(Lygus pratensis)、稻绿蝽(Nezaraviridula)、甜菜拟网蝽(Piesma quadrata)、Solubea insularis、Thyantaperditor、Acyrthosiphon onobrychis、落叶松球蚜(Adelges laricis)、Aphidula nasturtii、甜菜蚜(Aphis fabae)、草莓根蚜(Aphis forbesi)、苹果蚜(Aphis pomi)、棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)、北美茶簏子蚜(Aphisgrossulariae)、Aphis schneideri、卷叶蚜(Aphis spiraecola)、Aphissambuci、豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)、马铃薯蚜(Aulacorthumsolani)、银叶粉虱(Bemisia argentifolii)、Brachycaudus cardui、杏圆尾蚜(Brachycaudus helichrysi)、Brachycaudus persicae、Brachycaudusprunicola、甘蓝蚜(Brevicoryne brassicae)、Capitophorus horni、Cerosipha gossypii、Chaetosiphon fragaefolii、Cryptomyzus ribis、高加索冷杉椎球蚜(Dreyfusia nordmannianae)、云杉椎球蚜(Dreyfusiapiceae)、居根西圆尾蚜(Dysaphis radicola)、Dysaulacorthumpseudosolani、Dysaphis plantaginea、Dysaphis pyri、蚕豆微叶蝉(Empoasca fabae)、桃大尾蚜(Hyalopterus pruni)、Hyperomyzuslactucae、麦长管蚜(Macrosiphum avenae)、大戟长管蚜(Macrosiphumeuphorbiae)、蔷薇管蚜(Macrosiphon rosae)、Megoura viciae、巢莱修尾蚜(Melanaphis pyrarius)、麦无网蚜(Metopolophium dirhodum)、Myzodes persicae、冬葱瘤额蚜(Myzus ascalonicus)、Myzus cerasi、李瘤蚜(Myzus varians)、Nasonovia ribis-nigri、稻飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)、囊柄瘿绵蚜(Pemphigus bursarius)、蔗飞虱(Perkinsiella saccharicida)、忽布疣蚜(Phorodon humuli)、苹木虱(Psylla mali)、梨木虱(Psylla piri)、冬葱瘤蛾蚜(Rhopalomyzus ascalonicus)、玉米蚜(Rhopalosiphum maidis)、禾谷溢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)、Rhopalosiphum insertum、Sappaphismala、Sappaphis mali、麦二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum)、Schizoneuralanuginosa、麦长管蚜(Sitobion avenae)、白粉虱(Trialeurodesvaporariorum)、Toxoptera aurantiiand、葡萄根瘤蚜(Viteus vitifolii)、Cimex lectularius、Cimex hemipterus、Reduvius senilis、Triatoma spp.和Arilus critatus;
蚂蚁、蜜蜂、黄蜂、叶蜂(膜翅目(Hymenoptera)),例如新疆菜叶蜂(Athalia rosae)、切叶蚁(Atta cephalotes)、Atta capiguara、Attacephalotes、Atta laevigata、Atta robusta、Atta sexdens、Atta texana、举腹蚁属(Crematogaster)、Hoplocampa minuta、Hoplocampa testudinea、黑毛蚁(Lasius niger)、小黄家蚁(Monomorium pharaonis)、热带火蚁(Solenopsis geminata)、红火蚁(Solenopsis invicta)、黑火蚁(Solenopsisrichteri)、南方火蚁(Solenopsis xyloni)、红蚂蚁(Pogonomyrmexbarbatus)、Pogonomyrmex californicus、大头蚁(Pheidole megacephala)、天鹅绒蚂蚁(Dasymutilla occidentalis)、熊蜂属(Bombus)、大黄蜂(Vespulasquamosa)、Paravespula vulgaris、Paravespula pennsylvanica、Paravespula germanica、姬胡蜂(Dolichovespula maculata)、黄边胡蜂(Vespa crabro)、胡蜂(Polistes rubiginosa)、Campodontus floridanus和阿根廷蚁(Linepithema humile);
蟋蟀、蚱蜢、蝗虫(直翅目(Orthoptera)),例如居屋艾蟋(Achetadomestica)、蝼蛄(Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa)、飞蝗(Locusta migratoria)、双纹黑蝗(Melanoplus bivittatus)、红足黑蝗(Melanoplus femurrubrum)、墨西哥黑蝗(Melanoplus mexicanus)、迁飞黑蝗(Melanoplus sanguinipes)、石栖黑蝗(Melanoplus spretus)、条纹红蝗(Nomadacris septemfasciata)、美洲沙漠蝗(Schistocerca americana)、非洲沙漠蝗(Schistocercagregaria)、摩洛哥戟纹蝗(Dociostaurus maroccanus)、庭疾灶螽(Tachycines asynamorus)、塞内加尔小车蝗(Oedaleus senegalensis)、臭腹腺蝗(Zonozerus variegatus)、Hieroglyphus daganensis、Kraussariaangulifera、意大利蝗(Calliptamus italicus)、澳大利亚灾蝗(Chortoicetesterminifera)和褐飞蝗(Locustana pardalina);
蜘蛛纲(Arachnoidea),如蜘蛛(蜱螨目(Acarina)),例如软蜱科(Argasidae)、硬蜱科(Ixodidae)和疥螨科(Sarcoptidae),如长星形壁虱(Amblyomma americanum)、热带花蜱(Amblyomma variegatum)、Ambryomma maculatum、波斯锐缘蜱(Argas persicus)、牛壁虱(Boophilus annulatus)、Boophilus decoloratus、微小牛蜱(Boophilusmicroplus)、Dermacentor silvarum、安氏革螨(Dermacentorandersoni)、美洲大革螨(Dermacentor variabilis)、Hyalommatruncatum、蓖子硬蜱(Ixodes ricinus)、Ixodes rubicundus、黑脚硬蜱(Ixodes scapularis)、全环硬蜱(Ixodes holocyclus)、太平洋硬蜱(Ixodespacificus)、Ornithodorus moubata、Ornithodorus hermsi、Ornithodorusturicata、柏氏禽刺螨(Ornithonyssus bacoti)、Otobius megnini、鸡皮刺螨(Dermanyssus gallinae)、绵羊疥病(Psoroptes ovis)、棕色犬壁虱(Rhipicephalus sanguineus)、Rhipicephalus appendiculatus、Rhipicephalus evertsi、人疥螨(Sarcoptes scabiei),以及瘿螨属(Eriophyidae),如苹果刺锈螨(Aculus schlechtendali)、Phyllocoptrataoleivora和Eriophyes sheldoni;细螨属(Tarsonemidae),如Phytonemuspallidus和侧多食跗线螨(Polyphagotarsonemus latus);细须螨属(Tenuipalpidae),如紫红短须螨(Brevipalpus phoenicis);叶螨属(Tetranychidae),如朱砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus)、神泽叶螨(Tetranychus kanzawai)、太平洋叶螨(Tetranychus pacificus)、棉叶螨(Tetranychus telarius)和二点叶螨(Tetranychus urticae),苹果叶螨(Panonychus ulmi)、柑椐叶螨(Panonychus citri)和Oligonychuspratensis;蜘蛛目(Araneida),例如红斑寇蛛(Latrodectus mactans)和褐丝蛛(Loxosceles reclusa);
蚤(蚤目(Siphonaptera)),例如猫蚤(Ctenocephalides felis)、狗蚤(Ctenocephalides canis)、印鼠客蚤(Xenopsylla cheopis)、致痒蚤(Pulexirritans)、穿皮潜蚤(Tunga penetrans)和具带病蚤(Nosopsyllus fasciatus),
衣鱼、家衣鱼(缨尾目(Thysanura)),例如西洋衣鱼(Lepisma saccharina)和斑衣鱼(Thermobia domestica),
百足虫(唇足纲(Chilopoda)),例如Scutigera coleoptrata,
千足虫(倍足纲(Diplopoda)),例如Narceus spp.,
蠼蛸(革翅目(Dermaptera)),例如欧洲球螋(forficula auricularia),
虱(毛虱目(Phthiraptera)),例如人头虱(Pediculus humanus capitis)、人体虱(Pediculus humanus corporis)、阴虱(Pthirus pubis)、牛血虱(Haematopinus eurysternus)、猪血虱(Haematopinus suis)、牛颚虱(Linognathus vituli)、Bovicola bovis、鸡虱(Menopon gallinae)、Menacanthus stramineus和Solenopotes capillatus;
弹尾目(Collembola(跳虫)),例如棘跳虫属(Onychiurus)。
它们还适合防治线虫:植物寄生线虫如根结线虫,北方根结线虫(Meloidogyne hapla)、南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)、爪哇根结线虫(Meloidogyne javanica)和其他根结线虫属(Meloidogyne);胞囊线虫,马铃薯金线虫(Globodera rostochiensis)和其他球胞囊属(Globodera);禾谷胞囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)、大豆胞囊线虫(Heterodera glycines)、甜菜胞囊线虫(Heterodera schachtii)、三叶草胞囊线虫(Heterodera trifolii)和其他胞囊线虫属(Heterodera);种子肿瘿线虫,粒线虫属(Anguina);茎叶线虫,滑刃线虫属(Aphelenchoides);刺线虫,杂草刺线虫(Belonolaimuslongicaudatus)和其他针刺线虫属(Belonolaimus);松线虫,松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)和其他伞滑刃线虫属(Bursaphelenchus);环形线虫,环纹线虫属(Criconema)、小环线虫属(Criconemella)、轮线虫属(Criconemoides)、中环线虫属(Mesocriconema);球茎线虫,腐烂茎线虫(Ditylenchus destructor)、甘薯茎线虫(Ditylenchus dipsaci)和其他茎线虫属(Ditylenchus);锥线虫,锥线虫属(Dolichodorus);螺旋形线虫,Heliocotylenchus multicinctus和其他Helicotylenchus属;鞘线虫和鞘形线虫,鞘线虫属(Hemicycliophora)和半轮线虫属(Hemicriconemoides);潜根线虫属(Hirshmanniella);冠线虫,枪线虫属(Hoplolaimus);伪根结线虫,珍珠线虫属(Nacobbus);针线虫,横带长针线虫(Longidoruselongatus)和其他长针线虫属(Longidorus);根腐线虫,Pratylencusneglectus、穿刺根腐线虫(Pratylenchus penetrans)、Pratylenchuscurvitatus、全体短体线虫(Pratylenchus goodeyi)和其他根腐线虫属(Pratylenchus);穿孔线虫,香蕉穿孔线虫(Radopholus similis)和其他穿孔线虫属(Radopholus);肾形线虫,盘旋线虫(Rotylenchus robustus)和其他肾状线虫属(Rotylenchus);Scutellonema属;残根线虫,原始毛刺线虫(Trichodorus primitivus)和其他毛刺线虫属(Trichodorus);拟毛刺属(Paratrichodorus);阻长线虫,马齿苋矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchusclaytoni)、顺逆矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus dubius)和其他矮化线虫属(Tylenchorhynchus);柑桔线虫,半穿刺线虫属(Tylenchulus);剑线虫,剑线虫属(Xiphinema);以及其他植物寄生线虫。
式I化合物及其盐还可用于防治蜘蛛(蜘蛛纲),如蜱螨(蜱螨目),例如软蜱科、硬蜱科和疥螨科,如长星形壁虱(Amblyomma americanum)、热带花蜱(Amblyomma variegatum)、波斯锐缘蜱(Argas persicus)、牛壁虱(Boophilus annulatus)、Boophilus decoloratus、微小牛蜱(Boophilusmicroplus)、Dermacentor silvarum、Hyalomma truncatum、蓖子硬蜱(Ixodesricinus)、Ixodes rubicundus、Ornithodorus moubata、Otobius megnini、鸡皮刺螨(Dermanyssus gallinae)、绵羊疥病(Psoroptes ovis)、Rhipicephalusappendiculatus、Rhipicephalus evertsi、人疥螨(Sarcoptes scabiei),以及瘿螨属(Eriophyidae),如苹果刺锈螨(Aculus schlechtendali)、Phyllocoptrataoleivora和Eriophyes sheldoni;细螨属(Tarsonemidae),如Phytonemuspallidus和侧多食跗线螨(Polyphagotarsonemus latus);细须螨属(Tenuipalpidae),如紫红短须螨(Brevipalpus phoenicis);叶螨属(Tetranychidae),如朱砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus)、神泽叶螨(Tetranychus kanzawai)、太平洋叶螨(Tetranychus pacificus)、棉叶螨(Tetranychus telarius)和二点叶螨(Tetranychus urticae),苹果叶螨(Panonychus ulmi)、柑椐叶螨(Panonychus citri)和oligonychus pratensis。
式I化合物尤其可以用于防治昆虫,优选刺吸式口器昆虫,如缨翅目、双翅目和半翅目昆虫,尤其是下列属种:
缨翅目:烟褐蓟马(Frankliniella fusca)、苜蓿花蓟马(Frankliniellaoccidentalis)、东方花蓟马(Frankliniella tritici)、桔梗蓟马(Scirtothripscitri)、稻蓟马(Thrips oryzae)、棕榈蓟马(Thrips palmi)和烟蓟马(Thripstabaci);
双翅目,例如埃及伊蚊(Aedes aegypti)、白纹伊蚊(Aedes albopictus)、剌扰伊蚊(Aedes vexans)、苍墨西哥果蝇(Anastrepha ludens)、五斑按蚊(Anopheles maculipennis)、Anopheles crucians、白足按蚊(Anophelesalbimanus)、疟蚊(Anopheles gambiae)、Anopheles freeborni、白踝按蚊(Anopheles leucosphyrus)、微小按蚊(Anopheles minimus)、四斑按蚊(Anopheles quadrimaculatus)、红头丽蝇(Calliphora vicina)、地中海实蝇(Ceratitis capitata)、蛆症金蝇(Chrysomya bezziana)、Chrysomyahominivorax、Chrysomya macellaria、鹿蝇(Chrysops discalis)、Chrysops silacea、Chrysops atlanticus、Cochliomyia hominivorax、高粱瘿蚊(Contarinia sorghicola)、Cordylobia anthropophaga、Culicoidesfurens、尖音库蚊(Culex pipiens)、斑蚊(Culex nigripalpus)、致倦库蚊(Culex quinquefasciatus)、媒斑蚊(Culex tarsalis)、Culiseta inornata、Culiseta melanura、瓜蝇(Dacus cucurbitae)、油橄榄实蝇(Dacus oleae)、油菜叶瘿蚊(Dasineura brassicae)、葱蝇(Delia antique)、麦地种蝇(Deliacoarctata)、灰地种蝇(Delia platura)、甘蓝根蝇(Delia radicum)、人肤皮蝇(Dermatobia hominis)、小毛厕蝇(Fannia canicularis)、GeomyzaTripunctata、马蝇(Gasterophilus intestinalis)、刺舌蝇(Glossinamorsitans)、须舌蝇(Glossina palpalis)、Glossina fuscipes、Glossinatachinoides、Haematobia irritans、Haplodiplosis equestris、Hippelatesspp.、花生田灰地种蝇(Hylemyia platura)、纹皮蝇(Hypoderma lineata)、Leptoconops torrens、蔬菜斑潜蝇(Liriomyza sativae)、美国潜叶蝇(Liriomyza trifolii)、Lucilia caprina、铜绿蝇(Lucilia cuprina)、丝光绿蝇(Lucilia sericata)、Lycoria pectoralis、Mansonia titillanus、麦瘿蚊(Mayetiola destructor)、秋家蝇(Musca autumnalis)、家蝇(Muscadomestica)、厩腐蝇(Muscina stabulans)、羊狂蝇(Oestrus ovis)、Opomyza florum、欧洲麦秆蝇(Oscinella frit)、天仙子泉蝇(Pegomyahysocyami)、Phorbia antiqua、萝卜蝇(Phorbia brassicae)、Phorbiacoarctata、Phlebotomus argentipes、Psorophora columbiae、Psilarosae、Psorophora discolor、Prosimulium mixtum、樱桃实蝇(Rhagoletiscerasi)、苹果实蝇(Rhagoletis pomonella)、红尾肉蝇(Sarcophagahaemorrhoidalis)、肉蝇属(Sarcophaga)、Simulium vittatum、厩螫蝇(Stomoxys calcitrans)、牛虻(Tabanus bovinus)、Tabanus atratus、红色原虻(Tabanus lineola)、Tabanus similis、Tipula oleracea和欧洲大蚊(Tipula paludosa);
半翅目,尤其是蚜虫:Acyrthosiphon onobrychis、落叶松球蚜(Adelgeslaricis)、Aphidula nasturtii、甜菜蚜(Aphis fabae)、草莓根蚜(Aphisforbesi)、苹果蚜(Aphis pomi)、棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)、北美茶簏子蚜(Aphis grossulariae)、Aphis schneideri、卷叶蚜(Aphis spiraecola)、Aphissambuci、豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)、马铃薯蚜(Aulacorthumsolani)、Brachycaudus cardui、杏圆尾蚜(Brachycaudus helichrysi)、Brachycaudus persicae、Brachycaudus prunicola、甘蓝蚜(Brevicorynebrassicae)、Capitophorus horni、Cerosipha gossypii、Chaetosiphonfragaefolii、Cryptomyzus ribis、高加索冷杉椎球蚜(Dreyfusianordmannianae)、云杉椎球蚜(Dreyfusia piceae)、居根西圆尾蚜(Dysaphis radicola)、Dysaulacorthum pseudosolani、Dysaphisplantaginea、Dysaphis pyri、蚕豆微叶蝉(Empoasca fabae)、桃大尾蚜(Hyalopterus pruni)、Hyperomyzus lactucae、麦长管蚜(Macrosiphumavenae)、大戟长管蚜(Macrosiphum euphorbiae)、蔷薇管蚜(Macrosiphonrosae)、Megoura viciae、巢莱修尾蚜(Melanaphis pyrarius)、麦无网蚜(Metopolophium dirhodum)、Myzodes persicae、冬葱瘤额蚜(Myzusascalonicus)、Myzus cerasi、李瘤蚜(Myzus varians)、Nasonoviaribis-nigri、稻飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)、囊柄瘿绵蚜(Pemphigusbursarius)、蔗飞虱(Perkinsiella saccharicida)、忽布疣蚜(Phorodonhumuli)、苹木虱(Psylla mali)、梨木虱(Psylla piri)、冬葱瘤蛾蚜(Rhopalomyzus ascalonicus)、玉米蚜(Rhopalosiphum maidis)、禾谷溢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)、Rhopalosiphum insertum、Sappaphis mala、Sappaphis mali、麦二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum)、Schizoneuralanuginosa、麦长管蚜(Sitobion avenae)、白粉虱(Trialeurodesvaporariorum)、Toxoptera aurantiiand和葡萄根瘤蚜(Viteus vitifolii);
式I化合物尤其可以用于防治半翅目和缨翅目昆虫。
配制剂
为了用于本发明方法中,可以将化合物I转化成常规配制剂,例如溶液、乳液、悬浮液、粉剂、粉末、糊、颗粒和可直接喷雾溶液。使用形式取决于特定的目的和施用方法。配制剂和施用方法的选择应确保在每种情况下本发明式I化合物精细和均匀地分布。
配制剂以已知方式制备(对于综述例如参见US 3,060,084,EP-A 707445(对于液体浓缩物),Browning,“Agglomeration”,ChemicalEngineering,1967年12月4日,147-48,Perry′s Chemical Engineer′sHandbook,第4版,McGraw-Hill,New York,1963,第8-57页及随后各页,WO 91/13546,US 4,172,714,US 4,144,050,US 3,920,442,US 5,180,587,US 5,232,701,US 5,208,030,GB 2,095,558,US 3,299,566,Klingman,Weed Control as a Science,John Wiley and Sons,Inc.,New York,1961,Hance等,Weed Control Handbook,第8版,Blackwell ScientificPublications,Oxford,1989和Mollet,H.,Grubemann,A.,Formulationtechnology,Wiley VCH Verlag GmbH,Weinheim(德国),2001,2.D.A.Knowles,Chemistry and Technology of Agrochemical Formulations,Kluwer Academic Publishers,Dordrecht,1998(ISBN 0-7514-0443-8),例如通过将活性化合物与适合配制农用化学品的助剂如溶剂和/或载体,需要的话乳化剂、表面活性剂和分散剂、防腐剂、消泡剂、防冻剂、用于种子处理配制剂还有任选的着色剂和/或粘合剂和/或胶凝剂混合而制备。
合适的溶剂/载体例如为:
-溶剂如水、芳族溶剂(如Solvesso产品、二甲苯等)、石蜡(如矿物油馏分)、醇类(如甲醇、丁醇、戊醇、苄醇)、酮类(如环己酮、γ-丁内酯)、吡咯烷酮(N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、N-辛基吡咯烷酮(NOP))、乙酸酯(乙二醇二乙酸酯)、乳酸烷基酯、内酯如γ-丁内酯、二元醇、脂肪酸二甲基酰胺、脂肪酸及脂肪酸酯,甘油三酯,植物或动物来源的油以及改性油如烷基化植物油。原则上还可以使用溶剂混合物。
-载体如磨碎的天然矿物和磨碎的合成矿物如硅胶、细碎的硅酸、硅酸盐、滑石、高岭土、活性粘土(attaclay)、石灰石、石灰、白垩、红玄武土、黄土、粘土、白云石、硅藻土、硫酸钙、硫酸镁、氧化镁,磨碎的合成材料,肥料如硫酸铵、磷酸铵、硝酸铵、脲;植物来源的产品如谷粉、树皮粉、木粉和坚果壳粉,纤维素粉和其它固体载体。
合适的乳化剂为非离子和阴离子乳化剂(例如聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚、烷基磺酸盐和芳基磺酸盐)。
分散剂的实例是木素亚硫酸盐废液和甲基纤维素。
合适的表面活性剂是木素磺酸、萘磺酸、苯酚磺酸、二丁基萘磺酸的碱金属、碱土金属和铵盐、烷基芳基磺酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、烷基磺酸盐、脂肪醇硫酸盐、脂肪酸和硫酸化脂肪醇乙二醇醚,此外还有磺化萘和萘衍生物与甲醛的缩合物,萘或萘磺酸与苯酚和甲醛的缩合物,聚氧乙烯辛基苯基醚,乙氧基化异辛基酚、辛基酚、壬基酚,烷基苯基聚乙二醇醚,三丁基苯基聚乙二醇醚,三硬脂基苯基聚乙二醇醚,烷基芳基聚醚醇,醇和脂肪醇/氧化乙烯缩合物,乙氧基化蓖麻油,聚氧乙烯烷基醚,乙氧基化聚氧丙烯,月桂醇聚乙二醇醚,山梨醇酯。
还可以将防冻剂如甘油、乙二醇、丙二醇和杀菌剂加入配制剂中。
合适的消泡剂例如为基于硅或硬脂酸镁的消泡剂。
合适的防腐剂例如为二氯芬和苄醇半缩甲醛。
合适的增稠剂为赋予配制剂以假塑性流动行为(即静止状态下的高粘度和搅动状态下的低粘度)的化合物。就此而言可以提到例如基于多糖的市售增稠剂,如Xanthan(Kelco的),23(RhonePoulenc)或(R.T.Vanderbilt),或有机层状硅酸盐,如(Engelhardt)。适合本发明分散体的消泡剂例如为聚硅氧烷乳液(例如SRE,Wacker或Rhodia的),长链醇,脂肪酸,有机氟化合物及其混合物。可以加入生物杀伤剂以稳定本发明组合物以防微生物侵袭。合适的生物杀伤剂例如基于异噻唑啉酮类如以商标由Avecia(Arch)或由Thor Chemie以RS以及由Rohm & Haas以MK销售的化合物。合适的防冻剂为有机多元醇,例如乙二醇、丙二醇或甘油。这些通常基于活性化合物组合物的总重量以不超过10重量%的量使用。合适的话,本发明活性化合物组合物基于所制备的配制剂的总量可以包含1-5重量%缓冲剂,以调节pH,所用缓冲剂的量和类型取决于活性化合物的化学性能。缓冲剂的实例是弱无机或有机酸如磷酸、硼酸、乙酸、丙酸、柠檬酸、富马酸、酒石酸、草酸和琥珀酸的碱金属盐。
适合制备可直接喷雾溶液、乳液、糊或油分散体的物质为中到高沸点的矿物油馏分,如煤油或柴油,此外还有煤焦油和植物或动物来源的油,脂族、环状和芳族烃,例如甲苯、二甲苯、石蜡、四氢化萘、烷基化萘或其衍生物、甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、环己醇、环己酮、异佛尔酮,强极性溶剂,例如二甲亚砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮和水。
粉末、撒播用材料和粉剂可以通过将活性物质与固体载体混合或同时研磨而制备。
颗粒如涂覆颗粒、浸渍颗粒和均质颗粒可以通过将活性成分与固体载体粘附而制备。固体载体的实例是矿土如硅胶、硅酸盐、滑石、高岭土、活性粘土(attaclay)、石灰石、石灰、白垩、红玄武土、黄土、粘土、白云石、硅藻土、硫酸钙、硫酸镁、氧化镁;磨碎的合成材料;肥料如硫酸铵、磷酸铵、硝酸铵、脲;植物来源的产品如谷粉、树皮粉、木粉和坚果壳粉,纤维素粉和其它固体载体。
配制剂通常包含0.01-95重量%,优选0.1-90重量%活性成分。此时,活性成分以90-100重量%,优选95-100重量%的纯度(根据NMR光谱)使用。
对于种子处理目的,相应配制剂可以稀释2-10倍,从而在即用制剂中得到0.01-60重量%,优选0.1-40重量%的活性化合物浓度。
式I化合物可以直接、以其配制剂形式或由其制备的使用形式(如可直接喷雾溶液、粉末、悬浮液或分散体、乳液、油分散体、糊、可撒粉产品、撒播用材料或颗粒形式),借助喷雾、雾化、撒粉、撒播或浇灌来使用。使用形式完全取决于意欲的目的;在任何情况下意欲确保本发明活性化合物的最佳可能分布。
下列为配制剂实例:
1.用水稀释的产品。对于种子处理目的,该类产品可以稀释或不加稀释地施用于种子。
A)水溶性浓缩物(SL、LS)
将10重量份活性化合物溶于90重量份水或水溶性溶剂中。或者,加入润湿剂或其它助剂。活性化合物经水稀释溶解,从而得到含10重量%活性化合物的配制剂。
B)分散性浓缩物(DC)
将20重量份活性化合物溶于70重量份环己酮中并加入10重量份分散剂如聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮。用水稀释得到分散体,从而得到含有20重量%活性化合物的配制剂。
C)可乳化浓缩物(EC)
将15重量份活性化合物溶于7重量份二甲苯中并加入十二烷基苯磺酸钙和蓖麻油乙氧基化物(在每种情况下为5重量份)。用水稀释得到乳液,从而得到含有15重量%活性化合物的配制剂。
D)乳液(EW、EO、ES)
将25重量份活性化合物溶于35重量份二甲苯中并加入十二烷基苯磺酸钙和蓖麻油乙氧基化物(在每种情况下为5重量份)。借助乳化机(例如Ultraturrax)将该混合物引入30重量份水中并制成均相乳液。用水稀释得到乳液,从而得到含有25重量%活性化合物的配制剂。
E)悬浮液(SC、OD、FS)
在搅拌的球磨机中,将20重量份活性化合物粉碎并加入10重量份分散剂、润湿剂和70重量份水或有机溶剂,得到细碎活性化合物悬浮液。用水稀释得到稳定的活性化合物悬浮液,从而得到含有20重量%活性化合物的配制剂。
F)水分散性颗粒和水溶性颗粒(WG、SG)
将50重量份活性化合物细碎研磨并加入50重量份分散剂和润湿剂,借助工业装置(如挤出机、喷雾塔、流化床)将其制成水分散性或水溶性颗粒。用水稀释得到稳定的活性化合物分散体或溶液,从而得到含有50重量%活性化合物的配制剂。
G)水分散性粉末和水溶性粉末(WP、SP、SS、WS)
将75重量份活性化合物在转子-定子磨机中研磨并加入25重量份分散剂、湿润剂和硅胶。用水稀释得到稳定的活性化合物分散体或溶液,从而得到含有75重量%活性化合物的配制剂。
H)凝胶配制剂(GF)
在搅拌的球磨机中将20重量份活性化合物研磨,加入10重量份分散剂、1重量份胶凝剂润湿剂和70重量份水或有机溶剂,得到细活性化合物悬浮液。用水稀释得到活性化合物的稳定悬浮液,从而得到活性化合物含量为20重量%的配制剂。
2.叶面施用的不经稀释而施用的产品。对于种子处理目的,该类产品可以稀释或不加稀释地施用于种子。
I)可撒粉粉末(DP、DS)
将5重量份活性化合物细碎研磨并与95重量份细碎高岭土充分混合。这得到含有5重量%活性化合物的可撒粉产品。
J)颗粒(GR、FG、GG、MG)
将0.5重量份活性化合物细碎研磨并结合95.5重量份载体,从而得到含有0.5重量%活性化合物的配制剂。现行方法是挤出、喷雾干燥或流化床方法。这得到叶面使用的不经稀释而施用的颗粒。
K)ULV溶液(UL)
将10重量份活性化合物溶于90重量份有机溶剂如二甲苯中。这得到含有10重量%活性化合物的产品,其不经稀释而施用于叶面。
含水使用形式可通过加入水由乳液浓缩物、糊或可湿性粉末(可喷雾粉末、油分散体)制备。为制备乳液、糊或油分散体,可借助润湿剂、增粘剂、分散剂或乳化剂将该物质直接或溶于油或溶剂中后在水中均化。或者可以制备由活性物质、润湿剂、增粘剂、分散剂或乳化剂以及合适的话溶剂或油组成的浓缩物且该浓缩物适于用水稀释。
即用产品中的活性成分浓度可在较宽范围内变化。它们通常为0.0001-10重量%,优选0.01-1重量%。
活性成分也可成功用于超低容量法(ULV),其中可以施用包含超过95重量%活性成分的配制剂,或甚至施用不含添加剂的活性成分。
在本发明方法中,化合物I可以与其他活性成分,例如与其他农药、杀虫剂、除草剂,肥料如硝酸铵、尿素、钾碱和过磷酸盐,植物毒素以及植物生长调节剂、安全剂和杀线虫剂一起施用。这些额外成语可以依次或与上述组合物结合使用,合适的话也仅在紧临使用前加入(桶混物)。例如,植物可以在用其他活性成分处理之前或之后用本发明组合物喷雾。
本发明化合物可以与其一起使用并且可以与其产生潜在协同增效作用的下列杀虫剂M用于说明可能的组合,而不施加任何限制:
M.1.有机(硫代)磷酸酯类:高灭磷(acephate)、唑啶磷(azamethiphos)、乙基谷硫磷(azinphos-ethyl)、谷硫磷(azinphos-methyl)、氯氧磷(chlorethoxyfos)、毒虫畏(chlorfenvinphos)、氯甲硫磷(chlormephos)、毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos)、甲基毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos-methyl)、蝇毒磷(coumaphos)、杀螟腈(cyanophos)、甲基内吸磷(demeton-S-methyl)、二嗪农(diazinon)、敌敌畏(dichlorvos/DDVP)、百治磷(dicrotophos)、乐果(dimethoate)、甲基毒虫畏(dimethylvinphos)、乙拌磷(disulfoton)、EPN、乙硫磷(ethion)、丙线磷(ethoprophos)、伐灭磷(famphur)、苯线磷(fenamiphos)、杀螟松(fenitrothion)、倍硫磷(fenthion)、flupyrazophos、噻唑硫磷(fosthiazate)、庚烯磷(heptenophos)、异唑磷(isoxathion)、马拉硫磷(malathion)、灭蚜磷(mecarbam)、甲胺磷(methamidophos)、杀扑磷(methidathion)、速灭磷(mevinphos)、久效磷(monocrotophos)、二溴磷(naled)、氧乐果(omethoate)、砜吸磷(oxydemeton-methyl)、一六零五(parathion)、甲基对硫磷(parathion-methyl)、稻丰散(phenthoate)、甲拌磷(phorate)、伏杀磷(phosalone)、亚胺硫磷(phosmet)、磷胺(phosphamidon)、辛硫磷(phoxim)、虫螨磷(pirimiphos-methyl)、丙溴磷(profenofos)、巴胺磷(propetamphos)、丙硫磷(prothiofos)、吡唑硫磷(pyraclofos)、哒嗪硫磷(pyridaphenthion)、喹硫磷(quinalphos)、治螟磷(sulfotep)、丁基嘧啶磷(tebupirimfos)、双硫磷(temephos)、特丁磷(terbufos)、杀虫威(tetrachlorvinphos)、甲基乙拌磷(thiometon)、三唑磷(triazophos)、敌百虫(trichlorfon)、蚜灭磷(vamidothion);
M.2.氨基甲酸酯类:涕灭威(aldicarb)、棉铃威(alanycarb)、虫威(bendiocarb)、丙硫克百威(benfuracarb)、丁酮威(butocarboxim)、丁酮氧威(butoxycarboxim)、甲萘威(carbaryl)、虫螨威(carbofuran)、丁硫克百威(carbosulfan)、ethiofoncarb、仲丁威(fenobucarb)、抗螨脒(formetanate)、呋线威(furathiocarb)、异丙威(isoprocarb)、灭虫威(methiocarb)、灭多虫(methomyl)、速灭威(metolcarb)、甲氨叉威(oxamyl)、抗蚜威(pirimicarb)、残杀威(propoxur)、硫双威(thiodicarb)、久效威(thiofanox)、混杀威(trimethacarb)、XMC、灭杀威(xylylcarb)、唑蚜威(triazamate);
M.3.合成除虫菊酯类:氟丙菊酯(acrinathrin)、丙烯除虫菊(allethrin)、右旋丙烯菊酯(d-cis-trans allethrin)、右旋反式丙烯菊酯(d-transallethrin)、氟氯菊酯(bifenthrin)、生物烯丙菊酯(bioallethrin)、2-环戊烯基生物烯丙菊酯(bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl)、生物苄呋菊酯(bioresmethrin)、乙氰菊酯(cycloprothrin)、氟氯氰菊酯(cyfluthrin)、高效氟氯氰菊酯(beta-cyfluthrin)、(RS)氯氟氰菊酯(cyhalothrin)、氯氟氰菊酯(lambda-cyhalothrin)、精高效氯氟氰菊酯(gamma-cyhalothrin)、氯氰菊酯(cypermethrin)、甲体氯氰菊酯(alpha-cypermethrin)、乙体氯氰菊酯(beta-cypermethrin)、高效反式氯氰菊酯(theta-cypermethrin)、己体氯氰菊酯(zeta-cypermethrin)、苯醚氰菊酯(cyphenothrin)、溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin)、烯炔菊酯(empenthrin)、高氰戊菊酯(esfenvalerate)、醚菊酯(etofenprox)、甲氰菊酯(fenpropathrin)、杀灭菊酯(fenvalerate)、氟氰戊菊酯(flucythrinate)、氟氯苯菊酯(flumethrin)、氟胺氰菊酯(tau-fluvalinate)、溴氟醚菊酯(halfenprox)、咪炔菊酯(imiprothrin)、甲氧苄氟菊酯(metofluthrin)、氯菊酯(permethrin)、苯醚菊酯(phenothrin)、炔酮菊酯(prallethrin)、丙氟菊酯(profluthrin)、除虫菊酯(pyrethrin(除虫菊(pyrethrum)))、灭虫菊(resmethrin)、灭虫硅醚(silafluofen)、七氟菊酯(tefluthrin)、胺菊酯(tetramethrin)、四溴菊酯(tralomethrin)、四氟菊酯(transfluthrin);
M.4.保幼激素模拟物:蒙512(hydroprene)、烯虫炔酯(kinoprene)、蒙五一五(methoprene)、双氧威(fenoxycarb)、蚊蝇醚(pyriproxyfen);
M.5.烟酸受体激动剂/拮抗剂化合物:吡虫清(acetamiprid)、杀虫磺(bensultap)、杀螟丹(cartap hydrochloride)、噻虫胺(clothianidin)、呋虫胺(dinotefuran)、吡虫啉(imidacloprid)、噻虫嗪(thiamethoxam)、硝胺烯啶(nitenpyram)、烟碱(nicotine)、艾克敌105(spinosad)(别构激动剂)、spinetroam(别构激动剂)、噻虫啉(thiacloprid)、杀虫环(thiocyclam)、杀虫双(thiosultap-sodium)和AKD 1022;
M.6.GABA门控氯离子通道拮抗剂化合物:氯丹(chlordane)、硫丹(endosulfan)、林丹(gamma-HCH(lindane))、乙虫腈(ethiprole)、锐劲特(fipronil)、pyrafluprole、pyriprole;
M.7.氯离子通道活化剂:齐墩螨素(abamectin)、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(emamectin benzoate)、米尔螨素(milbemectin)、lepimectin;
M.8.METI I化合物:喹螨醚(fenazaquin)、唑螨酯(fenpyroximate)、嘧螨醚(pyrimidifen)、哒螨酮(pyridaben)、吡螨胺(tebufenpyrad)、唑虫酰胺(tolfenpyrad)、嘧虫胺(flufenerim)、鱼藤酮(rotenone);
M.9.METI II和III化合物:灭螨醌(acequinocyl)、fluacyprim、灭蚁腙(hydramethylnon);
M.10.氧化磷酸化去偶剂:氟唑虫清(chlorfenapyr)、二硝酚(DNOC);
M.11.氧化磷酸化抑制剂:三唑锡(azocyclotin)、三环锡(cyhexatin)、杀螨硫隆(diafenthiuron)、杀螨锡(fenbutatin oxide)、克螨特(propargite)、三氯杀螨砜(tetradifon);
M.12.蜕皮干扰剂:灭蝇胺(cyromazine)、环虫酰肼(chromafenozide)、特丁苯酰肼(halofenozide)、甲氧苯酰肼(methoxyfenozide)、双苯酰肼(tebufenozide);
M.13.增效剂:增效醚(piperonyl butoxide)、脱叶膦(tribufos);
M.15.熏蒸剂:溴甲烷(methyl bromide)、氯化苦(chloropicrin)、磺酰氯(sulfuryl fluoride);
M.16.选择性进食阻断剂:crylotie、拒嗪酮(pymetrozine)、氟啶虫酰胺(flonicamid);
M.18.几丁质合成抑制剂:噻嗪酮(buprofezin)、双三氟虫脲(bistrifluron)、定虫隆(chlorfluazuron)、氟脲杀(diflubenzuron)、氟螨脲(flucycloxuron)、氟虫脲(flufenoxuron)、氟铃脲(hexaflumuron)、氟丙氧脲(lufenuron)、双苯氟脲(novaluron)、多氟虫酰脲(noviflumuron)、伏虫隆(teflubenzuron)、杀虫隆(triflumuron);
M.19.类脂生物合成抑制剂:螺螨酯(spirodiclofen)、螺甲螨酯(spiromesifen)、螺虫乙酯(spirotetramat);
M.20.章鱼胺能激动剂(octapaminergic agonsits):双甲脒(amitraz);
M.21.Ryanodine受体调节剂:氟虫酰胺(flubendiamide);(R)-,(S)-3-氯-N1-{2-甲基-4-[1,2,2,2-四氟-1-(三氟甲基)乙基]苯基}-N2-(1-甲基-2-甲基磺酰基乙基)邻苯二甲酰胺(M21.1);
M.22.如下各种:磷化铝(aluminium phosphide)、磺胺螨酯(amidoflumet)、benclothiaz、苯螨特(benzoximate)、联苯肼酯(bifenazate)、硼砂、溴螨酯(bromopropylate)、氰化物、cyenopyrafen、丁氟螨酯(cyflumetofen)、灭螨蜢(chinomethionate)、三氯杀螨醇(dicofol)、氟乙酸酯、膦、啶虫丙醚(pyridalyl)、pyrifluquinazon、硫、有机硫化合物、酒石酸氧锑钾(tartar emetic)、sulfoxaflor、4-丁-2-炔基氧基-6-(3,5-二甲基哌啶-1-基)-2-氟嘧啶(M22.1)、3-苯甲酰氨基-N-[2,6-二甲基-4-(1,2,2,2-四氟-1-三氟甲基乙基)苯基]-2-氟苯甲酰胺(M22.2)、4-[5-(3,5-二氯苯基)-5-三氟甲基-4,5-二氢异唑-3-基]-2-甲基-N-吡啶-2-基甲基苯甲酰胺(M22.3)、4-[5-(3,5-二氯苯基)-5-三氟甲基-4,5-二氢异唑-3-基]-2-甲基-N-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)苯甲酰胺(M22.4)、4-[5-(3,5-二氯苯基)-5-三氟甲基-4,5-二氢异唑-3-基]-2-甲基-N-噻唑-2-基甲基苯甲酰胺(M22.5)、4-[5-(3,5-二氯苯基)-5-三氟甲基-4,5-二氢异唑-3-基]-2-甲基-N-(四氢呋喃-2-基甲基)苯甲酰胺(M22.6)、4-{[(6-溴吡啶-3-基)甲基](2-氟乙基)氨基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮(M22.7)、4-{[(6-氟吡啶-3-基)甲基](2,2-二氟乙基)氨基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮(M22.8)、4-{[(2-氯-1,3-噻唑-5-基)甲基](2-氟乙基)氨基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮(M22.9)、4-{[(6-氯吡啶-3-基)甲基](2-氟乙基)氨基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮(M22.10)、4-{[(6-氯吡啶-3-基)甲基](2,2-二氟乙基)氨基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮(M22.11)、4-{[(6-氯-5-氟吡啶-3-基)甲基](甲基)氨基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮(M22.12)、4-{[(5,6-二氯吡啶-3-基)甲基](2-氟乙基)氨基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮(M22.13)、4-{[(6-氯-5-氟吡啶-3-基)甲基](环丙基)氨基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮(M22.14)、4-{[(6-氯吡啶-3-基)甲基](环丙基)氨基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮(M22.15)、4-{[(6-氯吡啶-3-基)甲基](甲基)氨基}呋喃-2(5H)-酮(M22.16)、环丙烷乙酸1,1′-[(3S,4R,4aR,6S,6aS,12R,12aS,12bS)-4-[[(2-环丙基乙酰基)氧基]甲基]-1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12,12a,12b-十氢-12-羟基-4,6a,12b-三甲基-11-氧代-9-(3-吡啶基)-2H,11H-萘并[2,1-b]吡喃并[3,4-e]吡喃-3,6-二基]酯(M22.17)、8-(2-环丙基甲氧基-4-甲基苯氧基)-3-(6-甲基哒嗪-3-基)-3-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷(M22.18);
M.23.N-R′-2,2-二halo-1-R″-环丙烷甲酰胺-2-(2,6-二氯-α,α,α-三氟对甲苯基)腙或N-R′-2,2-二(R″′)丙酰胺-2-(2,6-二氯-α,α,α-三氟对甲苯基)腙,其中R′为甲基或乙基,halo为氯或溴,R″为氢或甲基且R″′为甲基或乙基;
M.24.邻氨基苯甲酰胺(anthranilamides):氯虫酰胺(chloranthraniliprole)、氰虫酰胺(cyantraniliprole)、5-溴-2-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-2H-吡唑-3-甲酸[4-氰基-2-(1-环丙基乙基氨基甲酰基)-6-甲基苯基]酰胺(M24.1)、5-溴-2-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-2H-吡唑-3-甲酸[2-氯-4-氰基-6-(1-环丙基乙基氨基甲酰基)苯基]酰胺(M24.2)、5-溴-2-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-2H-吡唑-3-甲酸[2-溴-4-氰基-6-(1-环丙基乙基氨基甲酰基)苯基]酰胺(M24.3)、5-溴-2-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-2H-吡唑-3-甲酸[2-溴-4-氯-6-(1-环丙基乙基氨基甲酰基)苯基]酰胺(M24.4)、5-溴-2-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-2H-吡唑-3-甲酸[2,4-二氯-6-(1-环丙基乙基氨基甲酰基)苯基]酰胺(M24.5)、5-溴-2-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-2H-吡唑-3-甲酸[4-氯-2-(1-环丙基乙基氨基甲酰基)-6-甲基苯基]酰胺(M24.6);
M.25.丙二腈化合物:CF2HCF2CF2CF2CH2C(CN)2CH2CH2CF3、(2-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-八氟戊基)-2-(3,3,3-三氟丙基)丙二腈)、CF2HCF2CF2CF2CH2C(CN)2CH2CH2CF2CF3(2-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-八氟戊基)-2-(3,3,4,4,4-五氟丁基)丙二腈);
M.26.微生物干扰剂:苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种(Bacillus thuringiensissubsp.Israelensis)、球形芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sphaericus)、苏云金芽胞杆菌鲇泽亚种(Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.Aizawai)、Bacillusthuringiensis subsp.Kurstaki、苏云金芽胞杆菌拟步行甲亚种菌株(Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.Tenebrionis)。
M组的市售化合物尤其可以在The Pesticide Manual,第13版,British Crop Protection Council(2003)和其他出版物中找到。
Lepimectin由Agro Project,PJB Publications Ltd,2004年11月已知。Benclothiaz及其制备描述于EP-A1454621中。杀扑磷和对氧磷(Paraoxon)及其制备描述于Farm Chemicals Handbook,第88卷,MeisterPublishing Company,2001中。氰氟虫胺及其制备描述于EP-A1 462 456中。吡氟硫磷(Flupyrazofos)描述于Pesticide Science 54,1988,第237-243页和US 4822779中。Pyrafluprole及其制备描述于JP-A 2002-193709和WO 01/00614中。Pyriprole及其制备描述于WO 98/45274和US 6335357中。磺胺螨酯及其制备描述于US 6221890和JP 21010907中。嘧虫胺及其制备描述于WO 03/007717和WO 03/007718中。AKD 1022及其制备描述于US 6300348中。氯虫酰胺描述于WO 01/70671、WO 03/015519和WO05/118552中。氰虫酰胺描述于WO 01/70671、WO 04/067528和WO05/118552中。邻氨基苯甲酰胺M24.1-M24.6描述于WO 2008/72743和WO 200872783中。邻苯二甲酰胺M21.1由WO 2007/101540已知。丁氟螨酯及其制备描述于WO 04/080180中。氨基喹唑啉酮化合物pyrifluquinazon描述于EP A 109 7932中。亚砜亚胺(Sulfoximine)sulfoxaflor描述于WO 2006/060029和WO 2007/149134中。炔基醚化合物M22.1例如描述于JP 2006131529中。有机硫化合物描述于WO2007060839中。羧酰胺化合物M22.2由WO 2007/83394已知。唑啉化合物M22.3-M22.6描述于WO 2007/074789中。呋喃酮化合物M22.7-M22.16例如描述于WO 2007/115644中。Pyripyropene衍生物M22.17描述于WO 2008/66153和WO 2008/108491中。哒嗪化合物M22.18描述于JP 2008/115155中。丙二腈化合物描述于WO 02/089579、WO02/090320、WO 02/090321、WO 04/006677、WO 05/068423、WO 05/068432和WO 05/063694中。
杀真菌混合配对是选自如下的那些:酰基丙氨酸类如苯霜灵(benalaxyl)、甲霜灵(metalaxyl)、甲呋酰胺(ofurace)、霜灵(oxadixyl);胺衍生物如4-十二烷基-2,6-二甲基吗啉(aldimorph)、多果定(dodine)、吗菌灵(dodemorph)、丁苯吗啉(fenpropimorph)、苯锈啶(fenpropidin)、双胍盐(guazatine)、双胍辛醋酸盐(iminoctadine)、螺茂胺(spiroxamin)、克啉菌(tridemorph);苯胺基嘧啶类如二甲嘧菌胺(pyrimethanil)、嘧菌胺(mepanipyrim)或环丙嘧啶(cyrodinyl);抗生素类如放线菌酮(cycloheximid)、灰黄霉素(griseofulvin)、春雷素(kasugamycin)、多马霉素(natamycin)、多氧霉素(polyoxin)或链霉素(streptomycin);唑类如双苯三唑醇(bitertanol)、糠菌唑(bromoconazole)、环唑醇(cyproconazole)、醚唑(difenoconazole)、烯唑醇(diniconazole)、氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)、腈苯唑(fenbuconazole)、喹唑菌酮(fluquiconazole)、氟硅唑(flusilazole)、己唑醇(hexaconazole)、抑霉唑(imazalil)、环戊唑菌(metconazole)、腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、戊菌唑(penconazole)、丙环唑(propiconazole)、丙氯灵(prochloraz)、丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、三唑酮(triadimefon)、唑菌醇(triadimenol)、氟菌唑(triflumizol)、戊叉唑菌(triticonazole)、粉唑醇(flutriafol);二羧酰亚胺类如异丙定(iprodion)、甲菌利(myclozolin)、杀菌利(procymidon)、烯菌酮(vinclozolin);二硫代氨基甲酸酯类如福美铁(ferbam)、代森钠(nabam)、代森锰(maneb)、代森锰锌(mancozeb)、威百亩(metam)、代森联(metiram)、甲基代森锌(propineb)、福代锌(polycarbamate)、福美双(thiram)、福美锌(ziram)、代森锌(zineb);杂环化合物如敌菌灵(anilazine)、苯菌灵(benomyl)、啶酰菌胺(boscalid)、多菌灵(carbendazim)、萎锈灵(carboxin)、氧化萎锈灵(oxycarboxin)、氰霜唑(cyazofamid)、棉隆(dazomet)、二噻农(dithianon)、唑酮菌(famoxadon)、咪唑菌酮(fenamidon)、异嘧菌醇(fenarimol)、麦穗宁(fuberidazole)、氟酰胺(flutolanil)、呋吡唑灵(furametpyr)、稻瘟灵(isoprothiolane)、丙氧灭绣胺(mepronil)、氟苯嘧啶醇(nuarimol)、噻菌灵(probenazole)、丙氧喹啉(proquinazid)、啶斑肟(pyrifenox)、咯喹酮(pyroquilon)、喹氧灵(quinoxyfen)、硅噻菌胺(silthiofam)、涕必灵(thiabendazole)、溴氟唑菌(thifluzamid)、甲基托布津(tbiophanate-methyl)、噻酰菌胺(tiadinil)、三环唑(tricyclazole)、嗪氨灵(triforine);铜杀真菌剂如波尔多液(Bordeaux混合物)、醋酸铜、王铜(copper oxychloride)、碱式硫酸铜;硝基苯基衍生物如乐杀螨(binapacryl)、敌螨普(dinocap)、敌螨通(dinobuton)、异丙消(nitrophthal-isopropyl);苯基吡咯类如拌种咯(fenpiclonil)或氟菌(fludioxonil);硫;其他杀真菌剂如噻二唑素(acibenzolar-S-methyl)、苯噻菌胺(benthiavalicarb)、氯环丙酰胺(carpropamid)、百菌清(chlorothalonil)、环氟菌胺(cyflufenamid)、清菌脲(cymoxanil)、哒菌清(diclomezin)、双氯氰菌胺(diclocymet)、乙霉威(diethofencarb)、克瘟散(edifenphos)、噻唑菌胺(ethaboxam)、环酰菌胺(fenhexamid)、薯瘟锡(fentin-acetate)、氰菌胺(fenoxanil)、嘧菌腙(ferimzone)、氟啶胺(fluazinam)、藻菌磷(fosetyl)、乙膦铝(fosetyl-aluminum)、异丙菌胺(iprovalicarb)、六氯苯(hexachlorobenzene)、苯菌酮(metrafenon)、戊菌隆(pencycuron)、百维灵(propamocarb)、四氯苯酞(phthalide)、甲基立枯磷(tolclofos-methyl)、五氯硝基苯(quintozene)、苯酰菌胺(zoxamid);嗜球果伞素类如腈嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、醚菌胺(dimoxystrobin)、氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、亚胺菌(kresoxim-methyl)、叉氨苯酰胺(metominostrobin)、肟醚菌胺(orysastrobin)、啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)或肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin);次磺酸衍生物如敌菌丹(captafol)、克菌丹(captan)、抑菌灵(dichlofluanid)、灭菌丹(folpet)、对甲抑菌灵(tolylfluanid);肉桂酰胺类和类似物如烯酰吗啉(dimethomorph)、氟联苯菌(flumetover)或氟吗啉(flumorph)。
应用
可以通过任何本领域已知的任何施用方法使动物害虫,即昆虫、蜘蛛和线虫,植物,其中植物生长的土壤或水体与本发明式I化合物或包含它们的组合物接触。这里的“接触”包括直接接触(将化合物/组合物直接施用于动物害虫或植物上,通常施用于植物的叶、茎或根上)和间接接触(将化合物/组合物施用于动物害虫或植物的场所)。
式I化合物包含它们的杀虫组合物可以通过使植物/作物与杀虫有效量的式I化合物接触而用于保护生长的植物和作物以防动物害虫,尤其是昆虫、螨虫或蜘蛛侵袭或侵染。术语“作物”指生长和收获的作物二者。
本发明化合物和包含它们的组合物对于在各种栽培植物如禾谷类、根系作物、油料作物、蔬菜、香料植物、观赏植物,例如硬粒小麦和其他小麦、大麦、燕麦、黑麦、玉米(饲料玉米和糖用玉米/甜玉米和大田玉米)、大豆、油料作物、十字花科、棉花、向日葵、香蕉、稻、油籽油菜、芜菁油菜、糖用甜菜、饲料甜菜、茄子、土豆、禾草、草坪、草皮、饲料禾草、西红柿、韭葱、南瓜、卷心菜、刺茎莴苣、胡椒、黄瓜、甜瓜、芸苔属(Brassica)、甜瓜、菜豆、豌豆、大蒜、洋葱、胡萝卜、块茎植物如土豆、甘蔗、烟草、葡萄、矮牵牛、天竺葵/香叶天竺葵、三色堇和凤仙花上防治大量昆虫尤其重要。
本发明化合物通过用杀虫有效量的活性化合物处理昆虫或要防止昆虫侵袭的植物、植物繁殖材料如种子、土壤、表面、材料或空间而直接或以组合物形式使用。施用可以在植物、植物繁殖材料如种子、土壤、表面、材料或空间被昆虫侵染之前和之后进行。
本发明还包括一种防治动物害虫的方法,包括使动物害虫、其栖息地、繁殖地、食物供应源、其中动物害虫生长或可能生长的栽培植物、种子、土壤、区域、材料或环境或要防止动物侵袭或侵染的材料、植物、种子、土壤、表面或空间与杀虫有效量的至少一种活性化合物I的混合物接触。
此外,动物害虫可以通过使目标害虫、其食物供应源、栖息地、繁殖地或其场所与杀虫有效量的式I化合物接触而防治。在这里施用可以在害虫侵染场所、生长的作物或收获的作物之前或之后进行。
本发明化合物还可以预防性地施用于预期出现害虫的地方。
式I化合物还可以通过使植物与杀虫有效量的式I化合物接触而用于保护生长的植物以防害虫侵袭或侵染。这里的“接触”包括直接接触(将化合物/组合物直接施用于害虫和/或植物上,通常施用于植物的叶、茎或根上)和间接接触(将化合物/组合物施用于害虫和/或植物的场所)。
“场所”是指其中害虫或寄生虫生长或可能生长的栖息地、繁殖地、植物、种子、土壤、区域、材料或环境。
术语“植物繁殖材料”应理解为指植物的所有繁殖部分如种子,以及可以用于繁殖植物的无性植物材料如插条和块茎(例如土豆)。这包括种子、根、果实、块茎、球茎、地下茎、嫩枝、芽和其他植物部分。还可提到在萌发后或出苗后由土壤移植的秧苗和幼苗。这些植物繁殖材料可以在种植或移栽时或之前用植物保护化合物预防性地处理。
术语“栽培植物”应理解为包括已经通过育种、诱变或基因工程修饰的植物。基因修饰植物是其基因材料通过使用在自然条件下不易通过杂交、突变或自然重组得到的重组DNA技术修饰的植物。通常将一个或多个基因整合到基因修饰植物的基因材料中以改善植物的某些性能。这类基因修饰还包括但不限于蛋白质(寡肽或多肽)的靶向翻译后修饰,例如通过糖基化或聚合物加成如异戊二烯化、乙酰化或法呢基化结构部分或PEG结构部分(例如如Biotechnol Prog.2001年7月至8月;17(4):720-8,ProteinEng Des Sel.2004年1月;17(1):57-66,Nat Protoc.2007;2(5):1225-35,Curr Opin Chem Biol.2006年10月;10(5):487-91,2006年8月28日Epub,Biomaterials.2001年3月;22(5):405-17,Bioconjug Chem.2005年1-2月;16(1):113-21所公开)。
术语“栽培植物”应理解为还包括例如已经因常规育种或基因工程方法而耐受特殊类别的除草剂施用的植物,例如羟基苯基丙酮酸双加氧酶(HPPD)抑制剂;乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)抑制剂如磺酰脲类(例如见US6,222,100、WO 01/82685、WO 00/26390、WO 97/41218、WO98/02526、WO 98/02527、WO 04/106529、WO 05/20673、WO03/14357、WO 03/13225、WO 03/14356、WO 04/16073)或咪唑啉酮类(例如见US 6,222,100、WO 01/82685、WO 00/026390、WO 97/41218、WO98/002526、WO 98/02527、WO 04/106529、WO 05/20673、WO03/014357、WO 03/13225、WO 03/14356、WO 04/16073);烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸3-磷酸合成酶(EPSPS)抑制剂如草甘膦(glyphosate)(例如见WO92/00377);谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)抑制剂如草铵膦(glufosinate)(例如见EP-A-0242236、EP-A 242 246)或oxynil除草剂(例如见US 5,559,024)。几种栽培植物已经通过常规育种(诱变)方法而耐受除草剂,例如夏播油菜(Canola)耐受咪唑啉酮类如咪草啶酸(imazamox)。基因工程方法已经用于使栽培植物如大豆、棉花、玉米、甜菜和油菜耐受除草剂如草甘膦和草铵膦,它们中的一些可以以商标名(耐受草甘膦)和(耐受草铵膦)市购。
术语“栽培植物”应理解为还包括通过使用重组DNA技术而能够合成一种或多种杀虫蛋白的植物,该蛋白尤其是由芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)细菌已知的那些,特别是由苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)已知的那些,例如δ-内毒素如CryIA(b)、CryIA(c)、CryIF、CryIF(a2)、CryIIA(b)、CryIIIA、CryIIIB(b1)或Cry9c;无性杀虫蛋白(VIP)如VIP1、VIP2、VIP3或VIP3A;线虫定居细菌的杀虫蛋白如发光杆菌属(Photorhabdus)或致病杆菌属(Xenorhabdus);动物产生的毒素如蝎毒素、蜘蛛毒素、黄蜂毒素或其他昆虫特异性神经毒素;真菌产生的毒素如链霉菌属(Streptomycetes)毒素,植物凝集素如豌豆或大麦凝集素;凝集素;蛋白酶抑制剂如胰蛋白酶抑制剂、丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、patatin、半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂或木瓜蛋白酶抑制剂;核糖体失活蛋白(RIP)如蓖麻蛋白、玉米-RIP、相思豆毒蛋白、丝瓜籽蛋白、皂草素或异株腹泻毒蛋白(bryodin);类固醇代谢酶如3-羟基类固醇氧化酶、蜕皮甾类-IDP糖基转移酶、胆固醇氧化酶、蜕皮激素抑制剂或HMG-CoA还原酶;离子通道阻断剂如钠通道或钙通道阻断剂;保幼激素酯酶;利尿激素受体(helicokinin受体);茋合成酶,联苄合成酶,壳多糖酶或葡聚糖酶。就本发明而言,这些杀虫蛋白或毒素还具体理解为前毒素、杂合蛋白、截短的或其他方面改性的蛋白。杂合蛋白的特征在于蛋白域的新型组合(例如见WO 02/015701)。该类毒素或能够合成该类毒素的基因修饰植物的其他实例公开于例如EP-A 374 753、WO 93/007278、WO 95/34656、EP-A 427529、EP-A 451 878、WO 03/18810和WO 03/52073中。生产该类基因修饰植物的方法对本领域熟练技术人员通常是已知的且例如描述于上述出版物中。这些含于基因修饰植物中的杀虫蛋白赋予产生这些蛋白的植物以对某些分类学上为节肢动物的害虫,尤其是甲虫(鞘翅目)、蝇(双翅目)、蝴蝶和蛾(鳞翅目)以及植物寄生线虫(线虫纲(Nematoda))的耐受性。
术语“栽培植物”应理解为还包括通过使用重组DNA技术而能够合成一种或多种蛋白以增加其对细菌、病毒或真菌病原体的抗性或耐受性的植物。这类蛋白的实例是所谓的“与发病机理相关的蛋白”(PR蛋白,例如见EP-A 0 392 225),植物病害抗性基因(例如表达针对来自野生墨西哥土豆Solanum bulbocastanum的致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans)的抗性基因的土豆栽培品种)或T4溶菌酶(例如能够合成对细菌如Erwiniaamylvora具有增强抗性的这些蛋白的土豆栽培品种)。生产这类基因修饰植物的方法通常为本领域熟练技术人员所已知且例如描述于上述出版物中。
术语“栽培植物”应理解为还包括通过使用重组DNA技术而能够合成一种或多种蛋白以提高产量(例如生物质产量、谷粒产量、淀粉含量、油含量或蛋白含量),对干旱、盐或其他限制生长的环境因素的耐受性或对害虫以及真菌、细菌或其病毒病原体的耐受性的植物。
通常而言,“杀虫有效量”是指对生长获得可观察到的效果所需的活性成分的量,所述效果包括坏死、死亡、阻滞、预防和去除效果,破坏效果或减少目标生物体的出现和活动的效果。对于在本发明中使用的各种化合物/组合物,杀虫有效量可以变化。组合物的杀虫有效量也会根据主要条件如所需杀虫效果及持续时间、天气、目标物种、场所、施用方式等而变化。
在土壤处理或施用于害虫居住地或巢穴的情况下,活性成分量为0.0001-500g/100m2,优选0.001-20g/100m2。
在材料保护中的常规施用率例如为0.01-1000g活性化合物/m2被处理材料,理想的是0.1-50g/m2。
用于材料浸渍中的杀虫组合物通常含有0.001-95重量%,优选0.1-45重量%,更优选1-25重量%至少一种驱避剂和/或杀虫剂。
为了用于处理农作物,本发明活性成分的施用率可以为0.1-4000g/ha,理想的是25-600g/ha,更理想的是50-500g/ha。
式I化合物通过接触(经由土壤、玻璃、墙壁、床网、地毯、植物部分或动物部分)和摄取(诱饵或植物部分)而有效。
还可以施用本发明化合物以对抗非作物害虫如蚂蚁、白蚁、黄蜂、蝇、蚊子、蟋蟀或蟑螂。为了用于对抗所述非作物害虫,优选将式I化合物用于诱饵组合物。
诱饵可以是液体、固体或半固体制剂(例如凝胶)。固体诱饵可以制成各种适合相应用途的形状和形式,如颗粒、块、棒、片。液体诱饵可以填充到各种装置中以确保适当施用,例如敞开容器、喷雾装置、液滴供应源或蒸发源。凝胶可以基于含水基质或油性基质且可以按照粘性、水分保留或老化特性根据特定要求配制。
用于组合物中的诱饵是具有足够的吸引力以刺激诸如蚂蚁、白蚁、黄蜂、蝇、蚊子、蟋蟀等的昆虫或蟑螂食用它的产品。吸引力可以通过使用进食刺激剂或性信息素控制。食物刺激剂例如并不穷举地选自动物和/或植物蛋白质(肉-、鱼-或血液膳食,昆虫部分、蛋黄)、动物和/或植物来源的脂肪和油或单-、低聚-或聚有机糖类,尤其是蔗糖、乳糖、果糖、右旋糖、葡萄糖、淀粉、果胶或甚至糖蜜或蜂蜜。水果、作物、植物、动物、昆虫的新鲜或腐败部分或其特定部分也可以用作进食刺激剂。已知性信息素更具昆虫特异性。特殊信息素描述于文献中并且对本领域熟练技术人员是已知的。
为了用于诱饵组合物中,活性成分的典型含量为0.001-15重量%,理想的是0.001-5重量%活性化合物。
式I化合物的配制剂如气雾剂(例如在喷雾罐中)、油喷雾剂或泵喷雾剂高度适于非专业使用者来防治害虫如蝇、跳蚤、蜱、蚊子或蟑螂。气雾剂配方优选由如下组分组成:活性化合物;溶剂如低级醇(例如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇),酮类(例如丙酮、甲基乙基酮),沸程为约50-250℃的链烷烃(例如煤油),二甲基甲酰胺,N-甲基吡咯烷酮,二甲亚砜,芳族烃类如甲苯、二甲苯,水;此外还有助剂,例如乳化剂如山梨糖醇单油酸酯、具有3-7mol氧化乙烯的油基乙氧基化物、脂肪醇乙氧基化物,芳香油如精油,中等脂肪酸与低级醇的酯,芳族羰基化合物;合适的话还有稳定剂如苯甲酸钠,两性表面活性剂,低级环氧化物,原甲酸三乙酯和需要的话推进剂如丙烷、丁烷、氮气、压缩空气、二甲醚、二氧化碳、氧化亚氮或这些气体的混合物。
油喷雾配制剂与气雾剂配方的不同在于没有使用推进剂。
对于在喷雾组合物中的使用,活性成分含量为0.001-80重量%,优选0.01-50重量%,最优选0.01-15重量%。
式I化合物及其相应的组合物还可以用于蚊香片和熏蒸片,发烟盒、蒸发器板或长效蒸发器以及扑蛾纸、扑蛾垫或其他与热无关的蒸发器体系中。
用式I化合物及其相应组合物控制由昆虫传递的传染性疾病(例如疟疾、登革热和黄热病,淋巴丝虫病以及利什曼病)的方法也包括处理棚屋和房子的表面、空气喷雾和浸渍窗帘、帐篷、衣物、床品、采采蝇网等。施用于纤维、织物、编织物、无纺织物、网状材料或箔以及篷布上的杀虫组合物优选包含包括杀虫剂、任选的驱除剂和至少一种粘合剂的混合物。合适的驱除剂例如为N,N-二乙基-间甲苯甲酰胺(DEET),N,N-二乙基苯基乙酰胺(DEPA),1-(3-环己烷-1-基羰基)-2-甲基哌啶,(2-羟基甲基环己基)乙酸内酯,2-乙基-1,3-己二醇,避虫酮,甲基新癸酰胺(MNDA),不用于昆虫防治的拟除虫菊酯如{(+/-)-3-烯丙基-2-甲基-4-氧代环戊-2-(+)-烯基-(+)-反式-菊酸酯(Esbiothrin),衍生于植物提取物或与植物提取物相同的驱除剂如1,8-萜二烯、丁子香酚、(+)-Eucamalol(1)、(-)-1-表-eucamalol,或来自诸如花皮桉(Eucalyptus maculata)、蔓荆(Vitex rotundifolia)、Cymbopogan martinii、香茅(Cymbopogancitratus)(柠檬草)、亚香茅(Cymopogan nartdus(香茅))的植物的粗植物提取物。合适的粘合剂例如选自如下单体的聚合物和共聚物:脂族酸的乙烯基酯(如乙酸乙烯酯和支链烷烃脂肪酸乙烯基酯),醇的丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸酯,如丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯和丙烯酸甲酯,单烯属和二烯属不饱和烃,如苯乙烯,以及脂族二烯烃,如丁二烯。
窗帘和床品的浸渍通常通过将纺织材料浸入杀虫剂的乳液或分散体中或将它们喷雾于床品上而进行。
式I化合物及其组合物可以用于保护木质材料如树木、护栏、枕木等,以及建筑物如房子、附属建筑、工厂,还有建筑材料、家具、皮革、纤维、乙烯基制品、电线和电缆等以防蚂蚁和/或白蚁,并防止蚂蚁和白蚁损害作物或人类(例如当害虫侵入房子和公共设施时)。式I化合物不仅施用于周围的土壤表面或地板下的土壤中以保护木质材料,而且还可以施用于堆积制品如地板下混凝土、亭柱、梁、胶合板、家具等的表面,木质制品如碎料板、半包板(half board)等以及乙烯基制品如包覆的电线、乙烯基片材,绝热材料如苯乙烯泡沫等。在防止蚂蚁损害作物或人类的施用中,将本发明的蚂蚁防治剂施用于作物或周围土壤,或直接施用于蚂蚁的巢穴等。
种子处理
式I化合物还适合处理种子以保护种子免受昆虫害虫,尤其是土壤昆虫害虫侵袭并保护所得植物根和芽以防土壤害虫和叶面昆虫。
式I化合物尤其可以用于保护种子以防土壤害虫并保护所得植物的根和芽以防土壤害虫和叶面昆虫。优选保护植物的根和芽。更优选保护所得植物的芽以防刺吸式口器昆虫,其中最优选防止蚜虫。
本发明因此包括一种保护种子以防昆虫,尤其是土壤昆虫并保护秧苗的根和芽以防昆虫,尤其是土壤和叶面昆虫的方法,所述方法包括使种子在播种之前和/或催芽之后与通式I的化合物或其盐接触。特别优选其中保护植物的根和芽的方法,更优选其中保护植物芽以防刺吸式口器昆虫的方法,最优选其中保护植物芽以防蚜虫的方法。
术语种子包括所有种类的种子和植物繁殖体,包括但不限于真正的种子、种子切片(seed piece)、吸枝、球茎、鳞茎、果实、块茎、谷粒、插条、伐条(cut shoot)等,并且在优选实施方案中指真正的种子。
术语种子处理包括所有本领域已知的合适种子处理技术,如拌种、种子涂敷、种子撒粉、种子浸泡和种子压丸。
本发明还包括涂有或含有活性化合物的种子。
术语“涂有和/或含有”通常是指活性成分在施用时绝大部分处于繁殖产品的表面上,但更大或更小部分的成分可能渗入繁殖产品中,这取决于施用方法。当(再)种植所述繁殖产品时,它可能吸收活性成分。
合适的种子为各种禾谷类、根系作物、油料作物、蔬菜、香料作物、观赏植物的种子,例如硬粒小麦和其他小麦、大麦、燕麦、黑麦、玉米(饲料玉米和糖用玉米/甜玉米和大田玉米)、大豆、油料作物、十字花科、棉花、向日葵、香蕉、稻、油籽油菜、芜菁油菜、糖用甜菜、饲料甜菜、茄子、土豆、禾草、草坪、草皮、饲料禾草、西红柿、韭葱、南瓜、卷心菜、刺茎莴苣、胡椒、黄瓜、甜瓜、芸苔属(Brassica)、甜瓜、菜豆、豌豆、大蒜、洋葱、胡萝卜、块茎植物如土豆、甘蔗、烟草、葡萄、矮牵牛、天竺葵/香叶天竺葵、三色堇和凤仙花。
此外,活性化合物还可以用于处理由于包括基因工程方法在内的育种而耐受除草剂或杀真菌剂或杀虫剂作用的植物的种子。
例如,活性化合物可以用于处理耐受选自磺酰脲类、咪唑啉酮类、草铵膦(glufosinate-ammonium)或草甘膦异丙胺盐(glyphosate-isopropylammonium)和类似活性物质的除草剂的植物(例如参见EP-A-0242236,EP-A-242246)(WO 92/00377)(EP-A-0257993,美国专利5,013,659)或转基因农作物如棉花的种子,后者能够产生苏云金芽孢杆菌毒素(Bt毒素)以使植物耐受某些害虫(EP-A-0142924,EP-A-0193259)。
此外,活性化合物还可以用于处理与现有植物相比具有修饰特性的植物的种子,它们例如可能通过传统育种方法和/或突变体产生或通过重组程序而产生。例如,已经描述了许多为修饰植物中合成的淀粉而重组修饰农作物的情形(例如WO 92/11376,WO 92/14827,WO 91/19806),或具有修饰的脂肪酸组成的转基因植物种子(WO 91/13972)。
活性化合物的种子处理施用通过在播种植物之前和植物出苗之前对种子喷雾或撒粉而进行。
尤其可用于种子处理的组合物例如为:
A可溶性浓缩物(SL、LS)
D乳液(EW、EO、ES)
E悬浮液(SC、OD、FS)
F水分散性颗粒和水溶性颗粒(WG、SG)
G水分散性粉末和水溶性粉末(WP、SP、WS)
H凝胶配制剂(GF)
I可撒粉粉末(DP、DS)
常规种子处理配制剂例如包括可流动浓缩物FS、溶液LS、干处理粉末DS、淤浆处理用水分散性粉末WS、水溶性粉末SS、乳液ES和EC以及凝胶配制剂GF。这些配制剂可以经稀释或不经稀释而施用于种子上。对种子的施用在播种之前进行,直接施用于种子上或在种子已经预萌发之后施用。
在优选实施方案中,将FS配制剂用于种子处理。FS配制剂通常可包含1-800g/l活性成分,1-200g/l表面活性剂,0-200g/l防冻剂,0-400g/l粘合剂,0-200g/l颜料和至多1升溶剂,优选水。
用于种子处理的式I化合物的尤其优选FS配制剂通常包含0.1-80重量%(1-800g/l)活性成分,0.1-20重量%(1-200g/l)至少一种表面活性剂,例如0.05-5重量%润湿剂和0.5-15重量%分散剂,至多20重量%,例如5-20%防冻剂,0-15重量%,例如1-15重量%颜料和/或染料,0-40重量%,例如1-40重量%粘合剂(粘结剂/粘附剂),任选至多5重量%,例如0.1-5重量%增稠剂,任选0.1-2%消泡剂和任选防腐剂如生物杀伤剂、抗氧化剂等,例如其量为0.01-1重量%,以及达到100重量%的填料/载体。
种子处理配制剂还可额外包含粘合剂和任选包含着色剂。
可以加入粘合剂以改进处理之后活性物质在种子上的粘附。合适的粘合剂是氧化烯如氧化乙烯或氧化丙烯的均聚物和共聚物,聚乙酸乙烯酯,聚乙烯醇,聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮及其共聚物,乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,丙烯酸均聚物和共聚物,聚乙烯胺,聚乙烯酰胺和聚乙烯亚胺,多糖如纤维素、纤基乙酸钠和淀粉,聚烯烃均聚物和共聚物如烯烃/马来酸酐共聚物,聚氨酯,聚酯,聚苯乙烯均聚物和共聚物。
任选还可以在配制剂中包括着色剂。对种子处理配制剂合适的着色剂或染料是若丹明B、C.I.颜料红112、C.I.溶剂红1、颜料蓝15:4、颜料蓝15:3、颜料蓝15:2、颜料蓝15:1、颜料蓝80、颜料黄1、颜料黄13、颜料红112、颜料红48:2、颜料红48:1、颜料红57:1、颜料红53:1、颜料橙43、颜料橙34、颜料橙5、颜料绿36、颜料绿7、颜料白6、颜料棕25、碱性紫10、碱性紫49、酸性红51、酸性红52、酸性红14、酸性蓝9、酸性黄23、碱性红10、碱性红108。
在种子处理中,化合物I的施用率通常为0.1g-10kg/100kg种子,优选1g-5kg/100kg种子,更优选1-1000g/100kg种子,尤其是1-200g/100kg种子。
因此,本发明还涉及包含如本文所定义的式I化合物或I的可农用盐的种子。化合物I或其可农用盐的量通常为0.1g-10kg/100kg种子,优选1g-5kg/100kg种子,尤其是1-1000g/100kg种子。对于特殊作物如莴苣,施用率可能更高。
动物健康
式I化合物或其对映体或可兽用盐尤其还适合用于在动物中和动物上防治寄生虫。
本发明的目的因此还在于提供在动物中和动物上防治寄生虫的新方法。本发明的另一目的是提供更安全的动物用杀虫剂。本发明的另一目的还在于提供可以与现有杀虫剂相比以更低剂量使用的动物用杀虫剂。本发明的另一目的是提供对寄生虫具有长残留防治的动物用杀虫剂。
本发明还涉及含有杀寄生虫有效量的式I化合物或其对映体或其可兽用盐和可接受载体的用于在动物中和动物上防治寄生虫的组合物。
本发明还提供了一种处理、防治、预防和保护动物以防寄生虫侵袭和侵染的方法,包括对动物口服、局部或胃肠外给予或施用杀寄生虫有效量的式I化合物或其对映体或可兽用盐或包含它的组合物。
本发明还提供了一种制备用于处理、防治、预防或保护动物以防寄生虫侵袭或侵染的组合物的方法,该组合物包含杀寄生虫有效量的式I化合物或其对映体或可兽用盐或包含它的组合物。
化合物对抗农业害虫的活性并不意味着它们适合在动物中和动物上防治体内和体外寄生虫,后者要求例如在口服施用情况下的非催吐低剂量,与动物的代谢相容性,低毒性和安全处理。
惊人的是,现已发现式I化合物适合在动物中和动物上防治体内和体外寄生虫。
式I化合物或其对映体或可兽用盐和包含它们的组合物优选用于在包括温血动物(包括人)在内的动物和鱼中防治和预防侵袭和侵染。它们例如适于在哺乳动物如牛、绵羊、猪、骆驼、鹿、马、小猪、家禽、兔、山羊、狗和猫,水牛、驴、黇鹿和驯鹿,以及产皮动物如貂、丝鼠和浣熊,禽类如母鸡、鹅、火鸡和鸭以及鱼类如淡水鱼和咸水鱼如鲑鱼、鲤鱼和鳗鱼中防治和预防侵袭和侵染。
式I化合物或其对映体或可兽用盐和包含它们的组合物优选用于在家养动物如狗或猫中防治和预防侵袭和侵染。
在温血动物和鱼类中的侵袭包括但不限于虱、咬虱、蜱、羊鼻蝇蛆、羊蜱蝇、螯蝇、家蝇、蝇、myiasitic蝇幼虫、恙螨、蚋、蚊和蚤。
式I化合物或其对映体或可兽用盐和包含它们的组合物适于内吸和/或非内吸防治体外和/或体内寄生虫。它们对所有或部分发育阶段有效。
式I化合物尤其可以用于防治体外寄生虫。
式I化合物尤其可以用于分别防治下列目和属的寄生虫:
蚤(蚤目),例如猫蚤(Ctenocephalides felis)、狗蚤(Ctenocephalidescanis)、印鼠客蚤(Xenopsylla cheopis)、致痒蚤(Pulex irritans)、穿皮潜蚤(Tunga penetrans)和具带病蚤(Nosopsyllus fasciatus),
蟑螂(蜚蠊目-Blattodea),例如德国小蠊(Blattella germanica)、Blattellaasahinae、美洲蟑螂(Periplaneta americana)、日本大蠊(Periplanetajaponica)、棕色蜚蠊(Periplaneta brunnea)、Periplaneta fuligginosa、澳洲蜚蠊(Periplaneta australasiae)和东方蜚蠊(Blatta orientalis),
苍蝇、蚊子(双翅目),例如埃及伊蚊(Aedes aegypti)、白纹伊蚊(Aedesalbopictus)、剌扰伊蚊(Aedes vexans)、墨西哥果蝇(Anastrepha ludens)、五斑按蚊(Anopheles maculipennis)、Anopheles crucians、白足按蚊(Anopheles albimanus)、疟蚊(Anopheles gambiae)、Anophelesfreeborni、白踝按蚊(Anopheles leucosphyrus)、微小按蚊(Anophelesminimus)、四斑按蚊(Anopheles quadrimaculatus)、红头丽蝇(Calliphoravicina)、蛆症金蝇(Chrysomya bezziana)、Chrysomya hominivorax、Chrysomya macellaria、鹿蝇(Chrysops discalis)、Chrysops silacea、Chrysops atlanticus、Cochliomyia hominivorax、Cordylobiaanthropophaga、Culicoides furens、尖音库蚊(Culex pipiens)、斑蚊(Culex nigripalpus)、致倦库蚊(Culex quinquefasciatus)、媒斑蚊(Culextarsalis)、Culiseta inornata、Culiseta melanura、人肤皮蝇(Dermatobiahominis)、小毛厕蝇(Fannia canicularis)、马蝇(Gasterophilusintestinalis)、刺舌蝇(Glossina morsitans)、须舌蝇(Glossina palpalis)、Glossina fuscipes、Glossina tachinoides、Haematobia irritans、Haplodiplosis equestris、Hippelates spp.、纹皮蝇(Hypoderma lineata)、Leptoconops torrens、Lucilia caprina、铜绿蝇(Lucilia cuprina)、丝光绿蝇(Lucilia sericata)、Lycoria pectoralis、沼蚊属(Mansonia)、家蝇(Muscadomestica)、厩腐蝇(Muscina stabulans)、羊狂蝇(Oestrus ovis)、Phlebotomus argentipes、Psorophora columbiae、Psorophora discolor、Prosimulium mixtum、红尾肉蝇(Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis)、肉蝇属(Sarcophaga)、Simulium vittatum、厩螫蝇(Stomoxys calcitrans)、牛虻(Tabanus bovinus)、Tabanus atratus、红色原虻(Tabanus lineola)和Tabanus similis,
虱(毛虱目),例如人头虱(Pediculus humanus capitis)、人体虱(Pediculushumanus corporis)、阴虱(Pthirus pubis)、牛血虱(Haematopinuseurysternus)、猪血虱(Haematopinus suis)、牛颚虱(Linognathus vituli)、Bovicola bovis、鸡虱(Menopon gallinae)、Menacanthus stramineus和Solenopotes capillatus。
壁虱和寄生螨(寄螨目(Parasitiformes)):壁虱(蜱亚目(Ixodida)),例如黑脚硬蜱(Ixodes scapularis)、全环硬蜱(Ixodes holocyclus)、太平洋硬蜱(Ixodes pacificus)、棕色犬壁虱(Rhiphicephalus sanguineus)、安氏革螨(Dermacentor andersoni)、美洲大革螨(Dermacentor variabilis)、长星形壁虱(Amblyomma americanum)、Ambryomma maculatum、Ornithodorus hermsi、Ornithodorus turicata以及寄生螨(甲螨亚目(Mesostigmata)),例如柏氏禽刺螨(Ornithonyssus bacoti)和鸡皮刺螨(Dermanyssus gallinae);
辐螨亚目(Actinedida)(前气门亚目(Prostigmata))和粉螨亚目(Acaridida)(无气门目(Astigmata)),例如Acarapis spp.、Cheyletiellaspp.、Ornithocheyletia spp.、鼠螨属(Myobia)、Psorergates spp.、蠕形螨属(Demodex)、恙螨属(Trombicula)、Listrophorus spp.、粉螨属(Acarus)、食酪螨属(Tyrophagus)、嗜木螨属(Caloglyphus)、Hypodectesspp.、Pterolichus spp.、痒螨属(Psoroptes)、疥螨属(Chorioptes)、耳痒螨属(Otodectes)、Sarcoptes spp.、背肛螨属(Notoedres)、膝螨属(Knemidocoptes)、Cytodites spp.和Laminosioptes spp.;
臭虫(Heteropterida):温带臭虫(Cimex lectularius)、热带臭虫(Cimexhemipterus)、Reduvius senilis、锥蝽属(Triatoma)、锥蝽属(Rhodnius)、Panstrongylus ssp.和Arilus critatus,
虱目(Anoplurida),例如Haematopinus spp.、Linognathus spp.、Pediculus spp.、Phtirus spp.和Solenopotes spp.;
食毛目(Mallophagida)(Arnblycerina和Ischnocerina亚目),例如Trimenopon spp.、Menopon spp.、Trinoton spp.、Bovicola spp.、Werneckiella spp.、Lepikentron spp.、Trichodectes spp.和Felicola spp.;蛔虫(线虫纲(Nematoda)):
金针虫和Trichinosis(毛管目(Trichosyringida)),例如毛形科(Trichinellidae)(毛形属(Trichinella))、毛首科(Trichuridae)、Trichurisspp.、毛细线虫属(Capillaria);
杆形目(Rhabditida),例如小杆线虫属(Rhabditis)、Strongyloides spp.、Helicephalobus spp.;
圆线虫目(Strongylida),例如Strongylus spp.、Ancylostoma spp.、美洲钩虫(Necator americanus)、Bunostomum spp.(钩虫)、毛圆线虫属(Trichostrongylus)、捻转血矛线虫(Haemonchus contortus)、Ostertagiaspp.、Cooperia spp.、细颈线虫属(Nematodirus)、Dictyocaulus spp.、Cyathostoma spp.、结节线虫属(Oesophagostomum)、猪肾虫(Stephanurus dentatus)、Ollulanus spp.、夏伯特线虫属(Chabertia)、猪肾虫、气管比翼线虫(Syngamus trachea)、Ancylostoma spp.、钩虫属(Uncinaria)、球首线虫属(Globocephalus)、Necator spp.、后圆线虫属(Metastrongylus)、毛样缪勒线虫(Muellerius capillaris)、Protostrongylusspp.、管圆线虫属(Angiostrongylus)、Parelaphostrongylus spp.、Aleurostrongylus abstrusus和肾膨结线虫(Dioctophyma renale);肠线虫(蛔目(Ascaridida)),例如似蚓蛔线虫(Ascaris lumbricoides)、猪蛔虫(Ascaris suum)、鸡蛔虫(Ascaridia galli)、马副蛔虫(Parascarisequorum)、蛲虫(Enterobius vermicularis)(蛲虫)、犬弓首蛔虫(Toxocaracanis)、犬蛔虫(Toxascaris leonine)、Skrjabinema spp.和马尖尾线虫(Oxyuris equi);
Camallanida,例如Dracunculus medinensis(麦地那龙线虫);
旋尾目(Spirurida),例如Thelazia spp.、丝虫属(Wuchereria)、Brugiaspp.、Onchocerca spp.、Dirofilari spp.、Dipetalonema spp.、Setariaspp.、Elaeophora spp.、狼尾旋线虫(Spirocerca lupi)和丽线虫属(Habronema);
棘头虫(棘头动物门(Acanthocephala)),例如Acanthocephalus spp.、猪巨吻棘头虫(Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus)和棘头虫属(Oncicola);
扁虫类(Planarians)(扁形动物门(Plathelminthes)):
肝吸虫(Flukes)(吸虫纲(Trematoda)),例如肝片形吸虫属(Faciola)、Fascioloides magna、并殖吸虫属(Paragonimus)、双腔吸虫属(Dicrocoelium)、布氏姜片吸虫(Fasciolopsis buski)、华枝睾吸虫(Clonorchis sinensis)、血吸虫属(Schistosoma)、毛毕吸虫属(Trichobilharzia)、有翼翼形吸虫(Alaria alata)、并殖吸虫属和Nanocyetes spp;
Cercomeromorpha,尤其是Cestoda(绦虫),例如裂头绦虫属(Diphyllobothrium)、Tenia spp.、棘球绦虫属(Echinococcus)、犬复孔绦虫(Dipylidium caninum)、Multiceps spp.、膜壳绦虫属(Hymenolepis)、中殖孔绦虫属(Mesocestoides)、Vampirolepis spp.、Moniezia spp.、Anoplocephala spp.、Sirometra spp.、Anoplocephala spp.和Hymenolepisspp.。
式I化合物和包含它们的组合物尤其可用于防治双翅目、蚤目和蜱亚目的害虫。
此外,尤其优选式I化合物和包含它们的组合物在在防治蚊子中的用途。
式I化合物和包含它们的组合物在防治蝇中的用途是本发明的另一优选实施方案。
此外,尤其优选式I化合物和包含它们的组合物在防治蚤中的用途。
式I化合物和包含它们的组合物在防治壁虱中的用途是本发明的另一优选实施方案。
式I化合物还尤其可以用于防治体内寄生虫(蛔虫、棘头虫和扁虫类)。
给药可以预防和治疗方式进行。
活性化合物的给药直接或以合适的制剂形式口服、局部/经皮或肠胃外进行。
为了对温血动物口服给药,可以将式I化合物配制成动物饲料、动物饲料预混物、动物饲料浓缩物、丸剂、溶液、糊、悬浮液、浸液、凝胶、片剂、大丸剂和胶囊。此外,式I化合物可以在其饮用水中给药于动物。对于口服给药,所选择的剂型应为动物提供0.01-100mg/kg动物体重/天,优选0.5-100mg/kg动物体重/天的式I化合物。
或者,式I化合物可以肠胃外给药于动物,例如通过腔内、肌内、静脉内或皮下注射。式I化合物可以分散或溶于对于皮下注射而言生理上可接受的载体中。或者,式I化合物可配制成皮下给药用植入物。此外,式I化合物可以透皮给药于动物。对于肠胃外给药,所选剂型应为动物提供0.01-100mg/kg动物体重/天的式I化合物。
式I化合物还可以浸液、粉剂、粉末、套环、挂牌(medallions)、喷雾剂、香波、滴施(spot-on)和喷淋(pour-on)配制剂形式以及以软膏或水包油或油包水乳液局部给药于动物。对于局部施用,浸液和喷雾剂通常含有0.5-5,000ppm,优选1-3,000ppm式I化合物。此外,式I化合物可以配制成动物,特别是四足动物如牛和绵羊用耳贴。
合适的制剂是:
-溶液,如口服溶液、稀释后口服给药用浓缩物、用于皮肤上或用于体腔内的溶液、喷淋配制剂、凝胶;
-口服或皮肤给药乳液和悬浮液;半固体制剂;
-其中将活性化合物在软膏基质中或在水包油或油包水乳液基质中加工的配制剂;
-固体制剂如粉末、预混物或浓缩物、颗粒、丸剂、片剂、大丸剂、胶囊;气雾剂和吸入剂,以及含有活性化合物的成型制品。
适合注射的组合物通过将活性成分溶于合适的溶剂中并任选加入其他成分如酸、碱、缓冲盐、防腐剂和加溶剂而制备。过滤这些溶液并无菌填充。
合适的溶剂是生理上耐受的溶剂如水,链烷醇如乙醇、丁醇、苄醇、甘油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、2-吡咯烷酮及其混合物。
活性化合物可以任选溶于生理上耐受的且适合注射的植物或合成油中。
合适的加溶剂是促进活性化合物在主溶剂中溶解或防止其沉淀的溶剂。实例是聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇、聚氧乙基化蓖麻油和聚氧乙基化脱水山梨糖醇酯。
合适的防腐剂是苄醇、三氯丁醇、对羟基苯甲酸酯和正丁醇。
口服溶液直接给药。浓缩物在预先稀释至使用浓度之后口服给药。口服溶液和浓缩物根据上面对注射液所述的现有技术制备,并不必需无菌程序。
用于皮肤上的溶液滴施、涂施、擦施、洒施或喷施。
用于皮肤上的溶液根据现有技术以及上面对注射液所述制备,并不必需无菌程序。
其他合适的溶剂是聚丙二醇,苯基乙醇,苯氧基乙醇,酯类如乙酸乙酯或乙酸丁酯、苯甲酸苄基酯,醚类如亚烷基二醇烷基醚,例如二丙二醇单甲醚,酮类如丙酮、甲基乙基酮,芳族烃类,植物和合成油,二甲基甲酰胺,二甲基乙酰胺,乙二醇单乙基醚(transcutol),丙酮缩甘油(solketal),碳酸亚丙基酯,以及它们的混合物。
可能有利的是在制备过程中加入增稠剂。合适的增稠剂是无机增稠剂如膨润土、胶态硅酸、单硬脂酸铝,有机增稠剂如纤维素衍生物、聚乙烯醇及其共聚物、丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯。
将凝胶施加或涂敷在皮肤上或引入体腔中。凝胶通过用足以得到具有软膏状稠度的透明材料的增稠剂处理如在注射液情况下所述制备的溶液而制备。所用增稠剂是上面所给增稠剂。
将喷淋配制剂倒在或喷雾在限定的皮肤区域,活性化合物渗透进皮肤并内吸起作用。
喷淋配制剂通过将活性化合物在合适的皮肤相容性溶剂或溶剂混合物中溶解、悬浮或乳化而制备。合适的话加入其他助剂如着色剂、生物吸收促进物质、抗氧化剂、光稳定剂、粘合剂。
合适的溶剂是水,链烷醇,二醇,聚乙二醇,聚丙二醇,甘油,芳族醇如苄醇,苯基乙醇,苯氧基乙醇,酯如乙酸乙酯,乙酸丁酯,苯甲酸苄基酯,醚如亚烷基二醇烷基醚如二丙二醇单甲基醚、二甘醇单丁基醚,酮如丙酮、甲基乙基酮,环状碳酸酯如碳酸亚丙基酯、碳酸亚乙基酯,芳族和/或脂族烃类,植物或合成油,DMF,二甲基乙酰胺,正烷基吡咯烷酮如甲基吡咯烷酮、正丁基吡咯烷酮或正辛基吡咯烷酮、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、2-吡咯烷酮、2,2-二甲基-4-氧基亚甲基-1,3-二氧戊环和甘油缩甲醛。
合适的着色剂是所有允许用在动物上且可以溶解或悬浮的着色剂。
合适的吸收促进物质例如为DMSO,涂施油如肉豆蔻酸异丙基酯、二丙二醇壬酸酯、硅油及其与聚醚的共聚物,脂肪酸酯,甘油三酯,脂肪醇。
合适的抗氧化剂是亚硫酸盐或偏亚硫酸氢盐如偏亚硫酸氢钾、抗坏血酸、丁基羟基甲苯、丁基羟基茴香醚、生育酚。
合适的光稳定剂例如为2-苯基苯并咪唑-5-磺酸(novantisolic acid)。
合适的粘合剂例如为纤维素衍生物、淀粉衍生物、聚丙烯酸酯、天然聚合物如藻酸盐、明胶。
乳液可以口服、经皮给药或作为注射液给药。
乳液呈油包水型或水包油型。
它们通过将活性化合物溶于疏水性或亲水性相中并借助合适的乳化剂以及合适的话其他助剂如着色剂、吸收促进物质、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、光稳定剂、粘度提高物质用另一相的溶剂均化而制备。
合适的疏水相(油)是:液体石蜡,硅油,天然植物油如芝麻油、杏仁油、蓖麻油,合成甘油三酯如甘油二辛酸/癸酸酯,含链长为C8-C12的植物脂肪酸或其他具体选定的天然脂肪酸的甘油三酯混合物,可能的话还含有羟基的饱和或不饱和脂肪酸的部分甘油酯混合物,C8-C10脂肪酸的甘油单酯和甘油二酯,脂肪酸酯如硬脂酸乙基酯、己二酸二正丁基酯、月桂酸己基酯、二丙二醇壬酸酯、中等链长的支化脂肪酸与链长为C16-C18的饱和脂肪醇的酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙基酯、棕榈酸异丙基酯、链长为C12-C18的饱和脂肪醇的辛酸/癸酸酯、硬脂酸异丙基酯、油酸油基酯、油酸癸基酯、油酸乙基酯、乳酸乙基酯、蜡状脂肪酸如合成鸭尾脂腺脂肪、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、己二酸二异丙基酯以及与后者相关的酯混合物,脂肪醇如异十三烷醇、2-辛基十二烷醇、十六烷基十八烷基醇、油醇,以及脂肪酸如油酸及其混合物。
合适的亲水相是水,醇如丙二醇、甘油、山梨醇及其混合物。
合适的乳化剂是:
-非离子表面活性剂,例如聚乙氧基化蓖麻油、聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯、甘油单硬脂酸酯、聚氧乙基硬脂酸酯、烷基酚聚乙二醇醚;
-两性表面活性剂,例如N-月桂基对亚氨基二丙酸二钠或卵磷脂;
-阴离子表面活性剂,例如月桂基硫酸钠、脂肪醇醚硫酸盐、聚乙二醇单/二烷基醚正磷酸酯单乙醇胺盐;
-阳离子表面活性剂,如十六烷基三甲基氯化铵。
合适的其他助剂是提高粘度并稳定乳液的物质,如羧甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素和其他纤维素以及淀粉衍生物,聚丙烯酸酯,藻酸盐,明胶,阿拉伯树胶,聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,聚乙烯醇,甲基乙烯基醚和马来酸酐的共聚物,聚乙二醇,蜡,胶态硅酸或所述物质的混合物。
悬浮液可以口服或局部/经皮给药。它们通过将活性化合物悬浮于悬浮剂中而制备,合适的话加入其他助剂如润湿剂、着色剂、生物吸收促进物质、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、光稳定剂。
液态悬浮剂是所有均相溶剂和溶剂混合物。
合适的润湿剂(分散剂)是上面所给的乳化剂。
可以提到的其他助剂是上述那些。
半固体制剂可以口服或局部/经皮给药。它们与上述悬浮液和乳液的不同仅在于它们具有更高粘度。
为了生产固体制剂,将活性化合物与合适的赋形剂混合,合适的话加入助剂,并且制成所需剂型。
合适的赋形剂是所有生理上耐受的固体惰性物质。所用那些是无机和有机物质。无机物质例如为氯化钠,碳酸盐如碳酸钙,碳酸氢盐,铝氧化物,二氧化钛,硅酸,泥质土,沉淀或胶态二氧化硅或磷酸盐。有机物质例如为糖类、纤维素、食品和饲料如奶粉、动物粉、谷粉和屑、淀粉。
合适的助剂是上面所述的防腐剂、抗氧化剂和/或着色剂。
其他合适的助剂是润滑剂和助滑剂如硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸、滑石、膨润土、崩解促进物质如淀粉或交联聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、粘合剂如淀粉、明胶或线性聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮以及干粘合剂如微晶纤维素。
通常而言,“杀寄生虫有效量”是指对生长获得可观察到的效果所需的活性成分的量,所述效果包括坏死、死亡、阻滞、预防和去除效果,破坏效果或减少目标生物体的出现和活动的效果。对于在本发明中使用的各种化合物/组合物,杀寄生虫有效量可以变化。组合物的杀寄生虫有效量也会根据主要条件如所需杀寄生虫效果及持续时间、目标物种、施用方式等而变化。
本发明所用组合物通常可以包含约0.001-95%式I化合物。
通常有利的是以0.5-100mg/kg/天,优选1-50mg/kg/天的总量施用式I化合物。
即用制剂以10重量ppm-80重量%,优选0.1-65重量%,更优选1-50重量%,最优选5-40重量%的浓度含有对寄生虫,优选体外寄生虫起作用的化合物。
在使用前稀释的制剂以0.5-90重量%,优选1-50重量%的浓度含有对体外寄生虫起作用的化合物。
此外,制剂以10重量ppm-2重量%,优选0.05-0.9重量%,非常特别优选0.005-0.25重量%的浓度包含对抗体内寄生虫的式I化合物。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,经皮/局部施用包含式I化合物的组合物。
在另一优选实施方案中,局部施用以含有化合物的成型制品如套环、挂牌、耳贴、在身体部分上固定用的绑带以及粘合条和箔的形式进行。
通常有利的是施用在三周内以10-300mg/kg,优选20-200mg/kg,最优选25-160mg/kg被处理动物体重的总量释放式I化合物的固体配制剂。
为了制备成型制品,使用热塑性和柔性塑料以及弹性体和热塑性弹性体。合适的塑料和弹性体是与式I化合物充分相容的聚乙烯基树脂、聚氨酯、聚丙烯酸酯、环氧树脂、纤维素、纤维素衍生物、聚酰胺和聚酯。塑料和弹性体的详细列表以及成型制品的制备程序例如在WO03/086075中给出。
本发明现在由下列实施例进一步详细说明。
实施例
本发明现在由下列实施例进一步详细说明。
本发明式I化合物的实例给于下表E.1、E.2和E.3中。
表E.1式I-E化合物的实例:
表E.2:式I-F化合物的实例:
表E.3:式I-G的化合物实例:
化合物实例例如可以通过联用高效液相色谱/质谱(HPLC/MS)、1H-NMR和/或其熔点表征。
HPLC分析柱:德国Merck KgaA的RP-18柱Chromolith Speed ROD。洗脱:乙腈+0.1%三氟乙酸(TFA)/水+0.1%三氟乙酸(TFA),在40℃下在5分钟内比例为5∶95-95∶5。
1H-NMR。信号以相对于四甲基硅烷的化学位移(ppm)、其多重性以及其积分(所给氢原子的相对数)表征。下列缩写用于表征信号的多重性:m=多重峰,q=四重峰,t=三重峰,d=双重峰和s=单重峰。
表E:在上表E.1、E.2和E.3中给出的化合物实例的物理化学数据
合成实施例
合成实施例S.1:
步骤1.1:
在0℃下3-烯丙硫基丙醛(1.5g,11.8mmol)在MeOH(15mL)中的溶液加入C-(6-氯吡啶-3-基)甲基胺(1.8g,12.6mmo1)在MeOH(15mL)中的溶液中。将所得溶液在该温度下搅拌1小时,然后分批加入硼氢化钠(960mg,25.3mmol)并在室温下继续搅拌16小时。在减压下除去挥发性成分,将残余物再溶于CH2Cl2中并用饱和NaHCO3水溶液洗涤。将有机相在MgSO4上干燥并蒸发。
残余物的快速柱层析提纯(NH2改性的SiO2,环己烷/EtOAc梯度)得到950mg(31%)烯丙基硫化物(1.2)。
1H-NMR:δ8.31(d,J=2.7Hz,1H),7.66(dd,J=8.2,2.7Hz,1H),7.28(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),5.76(m,1H),5.08(m,2H),3.77(s,2H),3.11(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.70(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.51(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.75(q,J=7.1Hz,2H)ppm。
步骤1.2:
在0℃下将过氧化氢(1.51mL 30%水溶液,14.8mmol)加入烯丙基硫化物(1.2)(950mg,3.7mmol)在CH2Cl2/六氟异丙醇(1∶2,12mL)中的溶液中,并将该溶液在室温下搅拌4小时。在冷却至0℃后,加入Na2SO3和NaHCO3的饱和水溶液。将水相用CH2Cl2萃取两次并将合并的有机相在MgSO4上干燥和蒸发。
残余物通过快速柱层析(NH2改性的SiO2,环己烷/EtOAc梯度)提纯而得到950mg(94%)烯丙基亚砜(1.3)。
1H-NMR δ8.30(d,J=2.5Hz,2H),7.63(dd,J=8.2,2.5Hz,2H),8.27(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),5.85(m,1H),5.39(m,2H),3.77(s,2H),3.45(m,2H),2.75(m,2H),2.51(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.95(q,J=6.6Hz,2H)ppm。
步骤1.3:
将烯丙基亚砜(1.3)(500mg,1.83mmol)在环己烷/EtOAc(25mL,1∶4)中的溶液回流24小时。减压除去挥发性成分,将残余物再溶于CH3CN(10mL)中并冷却至0℃。在该温度下加入氨腈(42mg,5.5mmol)和二乙酰氧基亚碘酰苯(diacetoxyiodosobenzene)(322mg,2.0mmol)并在0℃下继续搅拌5分钟和在室温下再搅拌1小时。然后将该溶液用EtOAc稀释并用H2O洗涤。将有机相在MgSO4上干燥并减压蒸发。
残余物通过快速柱层析(NH2改性的SiO2,环己烷/EtOAc梯度)提纯而得到86mg(18%)亚磺酰亚胺酰胺(1.4)。
LC-MS:C10H12ClN4S的质量计算值[M+H]+ 254.7,实测值254.8。tR=1.57min。
步骤1.4:
将间氯过苯甲酸(170mg,0.75mmol)和K2CO3(175mg,1.26mmol)加入亚磺酰亚胺酰胺(1.4)(64mg,0.25mmol)在EtOH/H2O(24∶1,5mL)中的溶液中。将该溶液在室温下搅拌16小时,然后用CH2Cl2稀释并用饱和NaHCO3水溶液洗涤,在MgSO4上干燥并减压蒸发。
残余物通过快速柱层析(NH2改性的SiO2,环己烷/EtOAc梯度)提纯而得到47mg(54%)磺酰亚胺酰胺(C.1)。
LC-MS:C10H12ClN4OS的质量计算值[M+H]+270.7,实测值270.8。tR=1.77min。
合成实施例S.2:
步骤2.1:甲烷亚磺酸(6-氯吡啶-3-基甲基)酰胺(2.2)
如文献所述获得甲烷亚磺酰氯。将C-(6-氯吡啶-3-基)甲基胺(2.1)(25g,178mmol)在四氢呋喃(200ml)中的溶液冷却到0℃并滴加甲烷亚磺酰氯(7g,71mmol)。将该溶液温热至室温并搅拌16小时。通过过滤除去沉淀,将滤液用EtOAc稀释并用H2O洗涤。将有机相在Na2SO4上干燥并减压蒸发。
残余物通过快速柱层析(环己烷/EtOAc梯度)提纯而得到7.20g甲烷亚磺酸(6-氯吡啶-3-基甲基)酰胺(2.2)。
LC-MS[M+H]+ 205.1。tR=1.46min
步骤2.1:N′-氰基,N-(6-氯吡啶-3-基甲基)甲磺酰亚胺酰胺(C.2)
将氨腈(88mg,2.1mmol)和叔丁醇钾(225mg,2mmol)加入甲烷亚磺酸(6-氯吡啶-3-基甲基)酰胺(2.3)(200mg,1mmol)在无水乙腈中的溶液中。在室温下加入N-氯代琥珀酰亚胺(160mg,1.2mmol)并将该溶液搅拌3小时。
蒸发溶剂并将残余物通过快速柱层析(EtOAc/MeOH梯度)提纯而得到10mg N′-氰基,N-(6-氯吡啶-3-基甲基)甲磺酰亚胺酰胺(C.2)。
LC-MS[M+H]+ 244.8,tR=1.58min。
合成实施例S.3:
步骤3.1
在-78℃下将tBuOCl(0.65g,6.01mmol)在CH2Cl2(20mL)中的溶液滴加入3-氨基-5,6-二氯吡啶(1g,6.01mmol)和硫杂环丁烷(0.46g,6.01mmol)在CH2Cl2(35mL)中的溶液中。将所得绿色悬浮液在-78℃下搅拌1小时,然后将过量的NH3冷凝到混合物中。然后将该悬浮液缓慢温热至环境温度并浓缩至体积为约20mL。通过过滤除去沉淀并将滤液减压浓缩而得到1.9g粗硫亚胺(3.1)。将该粗产物溶于CHCl3中并将该溶液回流3小时。在蒸发溶剂之后,将粗烃硫基胺(3.2)再溶于CH2Cl2(60mL)中并冷却至0℃。在该温度下加入氨腈(0.32g,7.5mmol)和二乙酰氧基亚碘酰苯(2.4g,7.5mmol)并将该溶液在0℃下搅拌1小时,然后在1小时内温热至环境温度。加入H2O并将水相用CH2Cl2萃取两次。合并的有机相用饱和NaCl水溶液洗涤,在MgSO4上干燥并减压蒸发。残余物通过快速柱层析(NH2改性的SiO2,环己烷/EtOAc梯度)提纯而得到0.5g(总共30%)亚磺酰亚胺酰胺(45)。
LC-MS:C9H10Cl2N4S的质量计算值[M+H]+276,实测值276;tR=2.17min。
步骤3.2
将K2CO3(1.15g,8.3mmol)的水溶液加入亚磺酰亚胺酰胺(45)(380mg,1.38mmol)在EtOH(6mL)中的溶液中,然后滴加间氯过苯甲酸(360mg,2.1mmol)在EtOH(2mL)中的溶液。将该溶液温热到环境温度并滴加间氯过苯甲酸(360mg,2.1mmol)在EtOH(2mL)中的溶液。将该溶液在室温下搅拌30分钟,然后用CH2Cl2稀释并用10%Na2CO3水溶液洗涤,在MgSO4上干燥并减压蒸发。残余物通过快速柱层析(NH2改性的SiO2,环己烷/EtOAc梯度)提纯而得到360mg(90%)磺酰亚胺酰胺(12)。
LC-MS:C9H10Cl2N4OS的质量计算值[M+H]+292,实测值292;tR=2.45min。
合成实施例4:
化合物3
将N-烯丙基氨基甲酸苄基酯(138.9g,0.69mol)、硫代乙酸(157.4g,2.07mol)和AIBN(催化量)在甲苯(700mL)中的溶液回流3小时。将该溶液用EtOAc稀释并通过缓慢加入10%Na2CO3水溶液而中和。有机相用饱和NaCl水溶液洗涤,在MgSO4上干燥并减压蒸发,得到181.6g(98%)硫代乙酸酯(4.1)。
LC-MS:C13H18NO3S的质量计算值[M+H]+268,实测值268;tR=2.80min。
步骤4.2
将浓HCl(65mL)加入硫代乙酸酯(4.1)(181.5g,0.68mol)在MeOH(1L)中的溶液中并将该溶液回流16小时。减压除去溶剂并将残余物再溶于甲基叔丁基醚中。通过缓慢加入10%NaHCO3水溶液中和该溶液。将有机相在MgSO4上干燥并减压蒸发,得到124.2g(81%)硫醇(4.2)。
LC-MS:C11H16NO2S的质量计算值[M+H]+226,实测值226;tR=2.89min。
步骤4.3
在0℃下将H2O2的溶液(30%水溶液,62.4g,0.55mol)滴加到硫醇(4.2)(124g,0.55mol)和NaI(0.83g,5.5mmol)在EtOAc(1L)中的溶液中。将该溶液温热至环境温度并搅拌1小时。加入饱和Na2S2O3水溶液(300mL)并将水相用EtOAc萃取两次。合并的有机相用饱和NaCl水溶液洗涤,在MgSO4上干燥并减压蒸发。残余物由EtOAc重结晶而得到92.4g(75%)二硫化物(4.3)。
LC-MS:C22H29N2O4S2的质量计算值[M+H]+449,实测值449;tR=3.54min。
在-78℃下在4小时内将Br2(9.35g,58.5mmol)在CH2Cl2(100mL)中的溶液滴加至二硫化物(4.3)(25g,55.7mmol)和吡啶(67g,0.85mol)在CH2Cl2(700mL)中的溶液中。将该溶液温热至0℃并在该温度下搅拌1小时。加入饱和Na2S2O3水溶液(300mL)并将水相用CH2Cl2萃取。合并的有机相用H2O洗涤两次,然后用饱和NaCl水溶液洗涤,在Na2SO4上干燥并减压蒸发,得到25.6g(97%)浅棕色油状烃硫基胺(4.4)。
LC-MS:C11H14NO2S的质量计算值[M+H]+224,实测值224;tR=2.80min。
步骤4.5
在-50℃下将tBuOCl(15g,138.1mmol)在MeOH(240mL)中的溶液滴加至氨腈钠(8.84g,138.1mmol)在MeOH(480mL)中的悬浮液中。在-50℃下在25分钟内将烃硫基胺(4.4)(25.7g,115.1mmol)在MeOH(240mL)中的溶液滴加到该溶液中。将该溶液在该温度下搅拌1小时,然后加入H2O(600mL)并继续在10℃下搅拌1小时。过滤所得悬浮液,得到第一批(7.4g)所需亚磺酰亚胺酰胺(4.5)。将滤液浓缩至体积为约700mL,并将所得悬浮液过滤。将残余物用H2O洗涤并由MeOH结晶而得到第二批(7.4g)亚磺酰亚胺酰胺(4.5)(合并产率:14.8g,46%)。
LC-MS:C12H14N3O2S的质量计算值[M+H]+264,实测值264;tR=2.11min。
步骤4.5
将NaOCl水溶液(约10%,410g)滴加到亚磺酰亚胺酰胺(4.5)(18.2g,69.1mmol)和Bu4NBr(0.9g,2.7mmol)在EtOAc(450mL)中的悬浮液中。将该两相溶液在环境温度下搅拌1小时,然后分离各相并将水相用EtOAc萃取。合并的有机相用H2O洗涤,在Na2SO4上干燥并减压蒸发,得到15.4g(72%)磺酰亚胺酰胺(4.6)。
LC-MS:C12H14N3O3S的质量计算值[M+H]+280,实测值280;tR=2.29min。
步骤4.6
将Et3N(3.08g,30.4mmol)在CH2Cl2(60mL)中的溶液滴加到Et3Si(10.6g,91.3mmol)和Pd(OAc)2(0.7g,3mmol)在CH2Cl2(120mL)中的溶液中。将磺酰亚胺酰胺(4.6)(8.5g,30.4mmol)在CH2Cl2(60mL)中的溶液滴加到所得深色溶液中。将该溶液在环境温度下搅拌1小时,然后减压浓缩。残余物通过快速柱层析(SiO2;CH2Cl2/MeOH 20∶1)提纯而得到2.6g(59%)磺酰亚胺酰胺(4.7)。
LC-MS:C4H8N3OS的质量计算值[M+H]+146,实测值146;tR=0.97min。
步骤4.7
在0℃下将DIAD(0.3g,1.4mmol)在THF(5mL)中的溶液滴加到聚合物结合的PPh3(3.2mmol/g,1.4mmol)在THF(15mL)中的悬浮液中,并将该悬浮液在该温度下保持15分钟。滴加3-(羟基甲基)吡啶在THF(5mL)中的溶液,然后在5分钟后滴加磺酰亚胺酰胺(4.7)(77mg,0.7mmol)在THF(5mL)中的溶液。将该悬浮液温热到环境温度并在该温度下保持16小时。通过过滤除去聚合物树脂并将滤液减压浓缩。残余物通过快速柱层析(SiO2,CH2Cl2/MeOH 40∶1)提纯而得到97mg(56%)所需磺酰亚胺酰胺(3)。
LC-MS:C10H13N4OS的质量计算值[M+H]+237,实测值237;tR=0.74min。
B.对害虫作用的生物学实施例
通用条件
若无相反描述,大多数测试溶液按如下制备:
将活性化合物以所需浓度溶于1∶1(体积比)蒸馏水∶丙酮混合物中。在使用当天制备测试溶液(并且若无相反描述,通常以浓度重量/体积表示)。
B.1墨西哥棉铃象(Anthonomus grandis)
为了评价对墨西哥棉铃象的防治,试验单元由含有昆虫膳食和20-30个墨西哥棉铃象卵的24孔微滴定板组成。
使用含有75体积%水和25体积%DMSO的溶液配制各化合物。使用定制微雾化器将不同浓度的配制化合物以20μl喷雾到昆虫膳食上,重复两次。
施用后,将微滴定板在约23±1℃和约50±5%相对湿度下温育5天。然后肉眼评价卵和幼虫死亡率。
在该试验中,实施例1、4、11、14、15、16、17、18、19、29、32、39、40、44、47、48、49、52、60、84和85的化合物(在上表E.1、E.2和E.3中给出)在2500ppm下与未处理对照相比显示出超过75%的死亡率。
B.2蚕豆修尾蚜(Megoura viciae)
为了通过接触或内吸方式评价对蚕豆修尾蚜的防治,试验单元由含有宽菜豆叶片的24孔微滴定板组成。
使用含有75体积%水和25体积%DMSO的溶液配制各化合物。使用定制微雾化器将不同浓度的配制化合物以2.5μl喷雾于叶片上,重复两次。
施用后,将叶片风干并将5-8只蚜虫成虫置于微滴定板孔内的叶片上。然后使蚜虫在被处理叶片上吮吸并在约23±1℃和约50±5%相对湿度下温育5天。然后肉眼评价蚜虫死亡率和繁殖力。
在该试验中,实施例1、2、4、5、7、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、29、32、33、39、43、60、67、73、74、75、84、85和90的化合物(在上表E.1、E.2和E.3中给出)在2500ppm下与未处理对照相比显示出超过75%的死亡率。
B.3a桃蚜(Myzus persicae)I
为了通过内吸方式评价对桃蚜的防治,试验单元由在人工膜下含有液体人工膳食的96孔微滴定板组成。
使用含有75体积%水和25体积%DMSO的溶液配制各化合物。使用定制移液管将不同浓度的配制化合物移到蚜虫膳食中,重复两次。
施用后,将5-8只蚜虫成虫置于微滴定板孔内的人造膜上。然后使蚜虫在被处理蚜虫膳食上吮吸并在约23±1℃和约50±5%大气湿度下温育3天。然后肉眼评价蚜虫死亡率和繁殖力。
在该试验中,实施例1、11和17的化合物(在上表E.1、E.2和E.3中给出)在300ppm下与未处理对照相比显示出超过75%的死亡率。
B.3b桃蚜(Myzus persicae)II
将活性化合物在50∶50丙酮∶水(体积比)和100ppm KineticaTM表面活性剂中配制。
通过将侵染的叶片置于试验植株的顶部而将第2对叶阶段的辣椒植株(栽培品种为‘California Wonder’)用约40只实验室培养的蚜虫侵染。24小时后移走所述叶片。将完整植株的叶子浸入试验化合物的梯度溶液中并干燥。在约25℃和20-40%相对湿度下将试验植株维持在荧光下(24小时光照期)。5天后相对于对照植株上的死亡率确定已处理植株上的蚜虫死亡率。
在该试验中,实施例1、11、12、13、14、15、17、18、19、26、29、43、60、84、85和90的化合物(在上表E.1、E.2和E.3中给出)在300ppm下与未处理对照相比显示出超过75%的死亡率。
B.4豇豆蚜(Aphis craccivora)
将活性化合物以所需浓度溶于1∶1(体积比)蒸馏水∶丙酮的混合物中。在使用当天制备测试溶液。
在记录害虫种群之后喷雾定居有约100-150只各龄蚜虫的盆栽豇豆植株。24、72和120小时之后评价种群减少。
在该试验中,实施例1、2、4、5、10、11、12、13、14、15、17、18、19、29、39、43、44、48、52、60、73、84、85、86、90和97的化合物(在上表E.1、E.2和E.3中给出)在300ppm下与未处理对照相比显示出超过75%的死亡率。
B.5棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)I
将活性化合物在50∶50丙酮∶水(体积比)和100ppm KineticaTM表面活性剂中配制。
通过将来自主蚜虫群体的重度侵染的叶子置于各子叶的顶部而将子叶阶段的棉花植株(每盆一株)侵染。使蚜虫经过整夜转移到宿主植物上并移走用于转移蚜虫的叶子。然后将子叶浸入试验溶液中并干燥。5天后进行死亡率计数。
在该试验中,实施例1、2、11、12、14,15、17、18、26、29、60、84、85和90的化合物(在上表E.1、E.2和E.3中给出)在300ppm下与未处理对照相比显示出超过75%的死亡率。
B.6兰花蓟马(dichromothrips corbetti)
各化合物的蓟马效力通过使用花浸技术评价。将塑料陪替氏皿用作试验设备。将各完整兰花的花瓣浸入处理溶液中并干燥。将处理过的花与10-15只蓟马成虫一起放入各陪替氏皿中。然后将陪替氏皿用盖子覆盖。在评价期间将所有试验设备保持在连续光照和约28℃的温度下。4天后对各花和各陪替氏皿的内壁计数活的蓟马数。由处理前蓟马数外推蓟马死亡率。
在该试验中,实施例1、2、4、11、14、15、17、18、19、29、39、60、77和86的化合物(在上表E.1、E.2和E.3中给出)在300ppm下与未处理对照相比显示出超过75%的死亡率。
B.7二点黑尾叶蝉(Nephotettix virescens)
在喷雾前24小时将稻秧苗清洁并洗涤。在50∶50丙酮∶水(体积比)中配制活性化合物并加入0.1体积%表面活性剂(EL 620)。用5ml试验溶液喷雾盆栽稻秧苗,风干,置于笼中并用10只成虫接种。将处理过的稻植株保持在约28-29℃和约50-60%的相对湿度下。72小时后记录死亡百分数。
在该试验中,实施例1、5、11、12、13、14、15、17、18、19、29、39、40、60和84的化合物(在上表E.1、E.2和E.3中给出)在300ppm下与未处理对照相比显示出超过75%的死亡率。
Claims (24)
1.式(I)的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物或其可农用盐或兽用盐:
其中
Q为CN;
n为0或1;
R1、R2相互独立地且独立于n选自氢、C1-C6烷基或C3-C6环烷基;
R3选自氢、C1-C6烷基、C3-C6环烷基或C4-C6环烷基烷基;
R4选自C1-C6烷基或C3-C6环烷基;或
R3和R4与它们所键合的氮和硫原子一起形成饱和5或6员杂环,所述杂环选自异噻唑烷或[1,2]噻嗪烷环,而该杂环的碳原子可以任选带有1或2个基团Rd的任意组合;
Het选自:
其中#表示式(I)中的键,和
X为氢;
Y选自卤素或C1-C6烷基,其中上述基团中的碳原子可以带有1、2或3个卤素的任意组合;
p为0、1或2;
q为0、1或2;
并且其中
Rd为C1-C4烷基。
3.根据权利要求1或2的式(I)的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物,其中n为0。
4.根据权利要求1或2的式(I)的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物,其中
n为1;
R1、R2相互独立地且独立于n选自氢、C1-C4烷基或C3-C6环烷基。
5.根据权利要求1或2的式(I)的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物,其中R3选自氢、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、环丙基、叔丁基或环丙基甲基。
6.根据权利要求1或2的式(I)的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物,其中R4为甲基或乙基。
13.一种包含至少一种根据权利要求1-9中任一项的式I的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物或其盐和至少一种惰性液体和/或固体载体的组合物。
14.一种用于防治动物害虫的农用或兽用组合物,包含杀虫有效量的至少一种根据权利要求1-9中任一项的式I的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物或其可农用或可兽用盐以及至少一种惰性液体和/或固体可接受载体和需要的话至少一种表面活性剂。
15.一种防除或防治昆虫、蜘蛛或线虫的方法,包括使昆虫、蜘蛛或线虫或其食物供应源、栖息地或繁殖地与杀虫有效量的至少一种根据权利要求1-9中任一项的式I的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物或其盐或至少包含一种式I化合物的组合物接触。
16.一种保护生长的植物免受昆虫、蜘蛛或线虫侵袭或侵染的方法,包括使植物或植物生长的土壤或水体与杀虫有效量的至少一种根据权利要求1-9中任一项的式I的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物或其盐或至少包含一种式I化合物的组合物接触。
17.根据权利要求15或16的方法,其中所述动物害虫选自半翅目或缨翅目。
18.一种保护种子免受土壤昆虫侵袭和保护秧苗的根和芽免受土壤和叶面昆虫侵袭的方法,包括在播种之前和/或催芽之后使种子与至少一种根据权利要求1-9中任一项的式I的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物或其盐或至少包含该化合物的组合物接触。
19.根据权利要求18的方法,其中式I的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物以100mg-10kg/100kg种子的量施用。
20.根据权利要求18或19的方法,其中保护所得植物的根和芽。
21.一种处理种子的方法,其包括用根据权利要求1-9中任一项的式I的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物或其盐处理种子,其中所述式I的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物或其盐的量为0.1g-10kg/100kg种子。
22.如权利要求1-9中任一项所定义的式I化合物或其可兽用盐在动物上防治寄生虫的用途。
23.如权利要求1-9中任一项所定义的式I的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物和/或其可兽用盐在制备用于处理、防治、预防或保护动物以免受寄生虫侵袭或侵染的药物中的用途。
24.一种制备用于处理、防治、预防或保护动物以免受寄生虫侵袭或侵染的组合物的方法,所述组合物包含杀寄生虫有效量的如权利要求1-9中任一项所定义的式I的磺酰亚胺酰胺化合物和/或其可兽用盐。
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US9487735B2 (en) | 2012-05-14 | 2016-11-08 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Label removal solution for low temperature and low alkaline conditions |
US20140057926A1 (en) | 2012-08-23 | 2014-02-27 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Substituted 4-pyridones and their use as inhibitors of neutrophil elastase activity |
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