A kind of special-purpose calcareous fertilizer of preventing and treating peanut blight and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to the fertilizer industry field, be specifically related to a kind of special-purpose calcareous fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut blight and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Peanut is the important oil crops of China, and it is fatty 44~55%, protein 24~36%, carbohydrate 20%, and about 40% from peanut in China's edible oil, and these external aspects such as high-protein food and foreign exchange earning that provide all play an important role.Peanut is the crop of suitable sandy soil cultivation, and river, river, lake, littoral alluviation, aeolian accumulation sandy soil and mound, hilllock proluvial, the slide rock gravel soil in sea all are the main planting sites of peanut.The type soil mineral exists Weathering And Leaching Behavior comparatively strong, and desiliconization allitization process is obvious; Secondly the soil mineralization rate is high, and the accumulation of biological substance is less; Moreover base content is lower, and the preserve moisture and fertility performance is relatively poor.Therefore, the very easy leaching losses of mineral element such as the calcium in the soil, magnesium.
Calcium plays very vital role to the growth and development process of plant, and its involved in plant closes process from seed germination, Growth and Differentiation, morphogenesis to yielding positive results etc.Calcium is the necessary factor or the activator of making some enzyme in the object, by being combined with calmodulin, information transmission, photosynthesis and hormone regulation in cell fission, cell movement, the cell is all played critical function.At present, traditional calcareous extra large fertilizer and farm manure of being rich in seldom used in coastal peanut producing region, and uses in a large number the physiological acidic fertilizers such as ammonium chloride, Repone K, causes soil acidification, and further aggravates the leaching loss of Ca.The impact of acid rain has also aggravated the impoverishment of the base cations such as soil acidification and Ca to a certain extent.Bad farming custom is also relevant, and the peanuts many to need Ca carry out for many years continuous cropping, has aggravated the continuous consumption of soil Ca and wanes.
Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, Horsetail Beefwood and oyster shell whiting all be the coastland cheap and easy to get for main raw material, in addition along with pig industry mass-producing, intensivization development, the ight soil quantity discharged that produces of raising pigs increases severely 8 months excretion average out to of every pig 2280kg.Be rich in the nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in the fresh pig manure, resourcebility utilization behind composting; Therefore the special-purpose calcareous fertilizer of exploitation control peanut blight can with various agricultural organic waste recycling treatment, can reach again the double effects of control peanut blight.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of special-purpose calcareous fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut blight and preparation method thereof, can with various agricultural organic waste recycling treatment, can reach again the double effects of control peanut blight.
The special-purpose calcareous fertilizer of control peanut blight of the present invention, each composition is by weight in the composition of raw materials of described calcareous fertilizer: 35~45% pig manures, 8~12% Horsetail Beefwoods, 8~12% Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeaes, 10~14% oyster shell whitings, 3~6% calcium superphosphate, 20~30% water and 0.2~0.5%EM microbial inoculum; Described pig manure is processed through separating dry space from moist space.Optimum formula is: 40% separating dry space from moist space pig manure, 10% Horsetail Beefwood, 10% Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, 12% oyster shell whiting, 4% calcium superphosphate, 23.7% water and 0.3%EM microbial inoculum.
The present invention adopts the aerobic high-heat composting mode to prepare special-purpose calcareous fertilizer, and concrete steps are:
1) raw material pre-treatment: fresh pig manure carries out separating dry space from moist space, and Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae dries, pulverizer was pulverized the 0.5cm sieve, and Horsetail Beefwood was pulverized the 0.5cm sieve, and shell ground the 1mm sieve series and becomes oyster shell whiting;
2) raw material blending, stirring: pig manure, Horsetail Beefwood, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae and oyster shell whiting by weight mixing, stirring and mixing, are added the bacterium liquid behind the EM microbial inoculum thin up simultaneously;
3) compost temperature and turning number of times regulation and control: the compost top temperature is 60 ℃~65 ℃, carries out turning during after each stage compost temperature reaches the highest and turns to cooling 2~3 days, the whole yeast phase turning 3 times of becoming thoroughly decomposed,
At the 3rd~5 day, the 11st~13 day and the 18th~20 day, fermentation proceeded to 25~28 days and can spread out respectively
Open and dry;
4) moisture and pH regulator in the compost: when compost was initial, moisture controlled was 50~60%; Compost is front 18 days moisture content 〉=40% in earlier stage, and when compost proceeded to 12~14 days, by the adjusting water ratio that keeps the skin wet, pH in the compost≤8.0 proceeded to the 13rd~19 day and add calcium superphosphate at compost and regulate pH;
5) standard of becoming thoroughly decomposed: 25~28 days whole compost fermentation phases, become thoroughly decomposed when complete, compost is answered odorless, is as good as
Flavor, C/N=10~15, germination index is higher than 70%.
The using method of the special-purpose calcareous fertilizer of control peanut blight of the present invention, before peanut seeding, in conjunction with whole furrow, the calcareous fertilizer of special use evenly is sprinkling upon on the furrow face, use the calcareous fertilizer of 200kg for every mu, simultaneously the calcareous fertilizer of special use and sandy soil are mixed evenly.
The EM microbial inoculum is the mix bacterium agent that the effective microorganism of Japanese Ryukyu university development forms.This microbial inoculum is applied to agriculture production and plays the multiple short effect that increases, and without the side effect of chemical substance, the demand that meets present global environment protection and produce green food.The EM microbial inoculum is from commercially available.Horsetail Beefwood is the branches and leaves of juglandaceae plant Horsetail Beefwood.
Remarkable advantage of the present invention:
The present invention uses the control techniques such as moisture content, temperature, pH, C/N and C/P, and as the rotten degree judgement criteria, the calcareous fertilizer of production can satisfy the organic commercial fertilizer national standard with germination index, C/N.In the empty not plump district of coastal chiltern Root of Tibet Milkwort, use calcareous peanut fertilizer special for organic, can effectively reduce the peanut blight rate, improve the economic benefit of peanut.
Embodiment
The preparation method of the special-purpose calcareous fertilizer of control peanut blight of the present invention, its making step is:
1) raw material preparation: fresh pig manure carries out separating dry space from moist space, and Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae dries pulverizer and crosses the 0.5cm sieve, the wood fiber crops
The broken 0.5cm sieve of crossing of bloom, shell ground the 1mm sieve.
2) material mixing and stirring: the pig manure of separating dry space from moist space, Horsetail Beefwood, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae and oyster shell whiting are weighed in the certainweight ratio, stir and mixing, add simultaneously bacterium liquid (the bacterium liquid behind the EM microbial inoculum thin up) at material stirring.Mixing material organic content 40~50%, moisture 50~60%, C/N=25~30, C/P=80~100.
3) compost temperature and turning number of times regulation and control: the compost top temperature suits at 60 ℃~65 ℃, each stage compost
It is the highest that temperature reaches, and carry out turning when turning to 2~3 days of cooling, the whole yeast phase turning 3 times of becoming thoroughly decomposed,
At the 3rd~5 day, the 11st~13 day and the 18th~20 day, fermentation proceeded to 25~28 days and can spread out respectively
Open and dry.
4) moisture and pH regulator in the compost: when compost was initial, moisture controlled was 50~60%; Compost is (front early stage
18 days) moisture content should 〉=40%, when compost proceeds to 12~14 days, should be by the adjusting that keeps the skin wet
Water ratio.PH answers≤8.0 in the compost, proceeds to the 13rd~19 day at compost and should add the calcium superphosphate reduction
PH prevents from that pH is too high to cause nitrogen loss.
5) standard of becoming thoroughly decomposed: 25~28 days whole compost fermentation phases, become thoroughly decomposed when complete, compost is answered odorless, is as good as
Flavor, C/N=10~15, germination index reaches and is higher than 70%.
The using method of the special-purpose calcareous fertilizer of control peanut blight: before peanut seeding, in conjunction with whole furrow, calcareous fertilizer evenly is sprinkling upon on the furrow face, uses the calcareous fertilizer of 200kg for every mu, simultaneously that calcareous fertilizer and sandy soil companion is even.
Embodiment 1(most preferred embodiment)
1) raw material preparation: fresh pig manure is through separating dry space from moist space 400kg, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae (masher is crossed the 0.5cm sieve) 100 kg, Horsetail Beefwood (grinding the 0.5cm sieve) 100 kg, oyster shell whiting (crossing the 1mm hole) 120 kg.
2) material mixing, stirring: in the certain mass ratio, weigh, mixing and stirring, simultaneously 3 kgEM microbial inoculums are joined in the 237kg clear water, the zymocyte liquid after the dilution is added in the mixture go.Early stage, the material organic matter was controlled at 45%, water ratio water 55%, C/N=25, C/P=90.
3) temperature and turning control: the compost top temperature is controlled at 60 ℃~65 ℃, each compost carries out turning, be selected in compost temperature above 65 ℃, or temperature reaches the highest and the 3rd day of beginning to lower the temperature, the whole yeast phase that becomes thoroughly decomposed is answered turning 3 times, carried out respectively turning at the 5th day, the 12nd day and the 19th day, fermentation proceeds to 23~25 days and can spread out dries.
4) moisture and pH: compost fermentation quick heating in early stage, water evaporation quantity is large, when compost proceeds to 13 days, should replenish minute moisture, and the compost water ratio should be controlled at about 40%.PH descends in earlier stage in the compost, enters the product alkali stage by producing acid during by the 13rd~19 day, adds calcium superphosphate 40kg and regulates pH, and pH is dropped to below 8.0.
5) standard of becoming thoroughly decomposed: odorless, free from extraneous odour in the compost, germination index reaches more than 70%.
The using method of the special-purpose calcareous fertilizer of control peanut blight: before peanut seeding, in conjunction with whole furrow, calcareous fertilizer evenly is sprinkling upon on the furrow face, uses the calcareous fertilizer of 200kg for every mu, simultaneously that calcareous fertilizer and sandy soil companion is even.
Embodiment 2
The special-purpose calcareous fertilizer of control peanut blight of the present invention, raw material are joined by weight: 35% pig manure, 12% Horsetail Beefwood, 10% Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, 10% oyster shell whiting, 3% calcium superphosphate, 29.5% water and 0.5%EM microbial inoculum.
Preparation technology is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
The special-purpose calcareous fertilizer of control peanut blight of the present invention, composition of raw materials is by weight: 45% pig manure, 8% Horsetail Beefwood, 8% Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, 10% oyster shell whiting, 3% calcium superphosphate, 25.5% water and 0.5%EM microbial inoculum.Preparation technology is with embodiment 1.
Application example
This product total nutrient (N+P
2O
5+ K
2O) 6%, organic 〉=30% contains CaO7%, water content≤20%.Use the calcareous fertilizer special for organic of this peanut, the peanut blight rate drops to below 5%, output increased 8~10%, and mu increases 200~300 yuan of economic benefits.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equalizations of doing according to the present patent application claim change and modify, and all should belong to covering scope of the present invention.