CN102084120A - 用于启动混合动力系的内燃机的方法与装置 - Google Patents

用于启动混合动力系的内燃机的方法与装置 Download PDF

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CN102084120A
CN102084120A CN2009801241322A CN200980124132A CN102084120A CN 102084120 A CN102084120 A CN 102084120A CN 2009801241322 A CN2009801241322 A CN 2009801241322A CN 200980124132 A CN200980124132 A CN 200980124132A CN 102084120 A CN102084120 A CN 102084120A
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combustion engine
internal
machine
clutch
crank shaft
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CN102084120B (zh
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T·胡伯
M·勒纳
O·卡伊弗
K·曼恩
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

用于启动混合动力系的内燃机的方法和装置，混合动力系具有内燃机和至少一个另外的机器尤其电机，其中分离离合器被配置在内燃机和另外的机器之间，并且设置了曲轴角传感装置以获取内燃机的当前的曲轴角。还设置了在高压蓄电池(208)基本上得到放电的情况下执行下面的方法步骤以启动内燃机(101)的机构：a.)打开分离离合器(102)或已被打开；b.)使得所述另外的机器(103)加速；c.)在所述另外的机器(103)的加速过程结束后将该分离离合器(102)被闭合，以使得所述内燃机(101)同样被加速，d.)一旦曲轴角传感装置(209)提供有利的曲轴角，那么就借助直接启动来启动内燃机(101)。

Description

用于启动混合动力系的内燃机的方法与装置
技术领域
本发明基于启动内燃机的方法与装置，具有独立权利要求前序部分的特征。
现有技术
混合动力机动车大多具有两个不同的动力装置，例如一个借助燃料被驱动的内燃机和一个从蓄电器获得其电能的电机。混合动力机动车可以有时仅借助电机被驱动。但当再无电能存在时，则内燃机被启动并依此驱动机动车。在内燃机运行期间发电机可被驱动。这个发电机又产生电能，其被存储在蓄电器中。接着可实现机动车的电驱动。
为了启动内燃机已公知了各种各样的方法。在DE 196 45 943中建议了一个启动器单元，其能实现两个不同的启动方法。一个启动方法是脉冲(Impuls-)启动而另一个是直接启动。其中该脉冲启动最好是在冷发动机情况下借助一飞轮质量(Schwungmasse)的能量来实施而直接启动则发生在热发动机情况下例如在等信号灯停车排队时。因此相应有利的启动方法要根据内燃机的温度自主地选用。
发明内容
本发明基于启动混合动力系的内燃机的方法及装置。该混合动力系具有内燃机和至少一个另外的机器尤其电机。在内燃机和另外的机器之间配置了分离离合器。此外设置了曲轴角传感装置用于获取内燃机的当前的曲轴角。该曲轴角传感装置可以例如包括带有转向识别功能的转速传感器。因此借助适合的评估算法系统可以确定内燃机之当前的曲轴角。按照发明要求设置高压蓄电池，其中这个高压蓄电池基本上是得到放电。尤其该高压蓄电池的能量不再足以借助电机来启动内燃机。为了尽管如此仍实施内燃机的启动，执行下面的方法步骤：
a)打开分离离合器或其已是打开的，
b)使得另外的机器加速，
c)在另外的机器的加速过程结束以后使得该分离离合器闭合，以使得内燃机同样被加速，
d)只要曲轴角传感装置提供有利的曲轴角，那就借助直接启动来启动内燃机。
本发明的技术背景是，在高压蓄电池得到放电的情况下仍然存在使内燃机启动的可能方案。在正常情况下该高压蓄电池可提供足够的能量，以便驱动电机并因此可以常规方式启动内燃机，其中它至少被加速到怠速并且接着喷入燃料且被点燃。现在则在高压蓄电池得到放电的情况下试图通过脉冲和直接启动方法的组合来启动内燃机。借助脉冲方法使内燃机至少转动起来。只要探测到有利的曲轴角，则借助直接启动方法使内燃机启动。为了脉冲启动方法则在内燃机和另外的机器之间被打开的分离离合器情况下使另外的机器加速。接着通过闭合该分离离合器使内燃机转动起来。其中曲轴角传感装置可获取曲轴的位置。此时只要获知有利的曲轴角，那就实施直接启动。其中将燃料喷射到那个刚好处在有利位置即在上死点之后的气缸中并然后进行点火，以使得内燃机通过燃料的点燃得到启动。
本发明的优点是，表明了一个如此的可能方案，即使当高压蓄电池对于内燃机的传统启动不再提供足够的能量时也可以启动内燃机。借助脉冲-和直接启动方法的组合使内燃机启动。因此在内燃机运行的情况下该高压蓄电池可以又被充电。为此该内燃机与发电机耦联，其提供电能以使高压蓄电池充电。
在本发明之另一个结构方案中设置低压蓄电池。在这个结构设置中另外的机器的加速则借助来自低压蓄电池的能量来实施。这个结构方案的技术背景是，除了也被称之为牵引蓄电池的高压蓄电池以外还在机动车中通常设置汽车电路-或启动器蓄电池。这个应用于为机动车的汽车电路和控制装置提供能源。该高压蓄电池为高压电路供能，其例如具有明显大于24伏的电压。该低压蓄电池为低压电路供能，其例如约具有12伏。在本发明的这个结构方案中这个低压蓄电池的能量应用于，使另外的机器加速。然后借助这个转动能量开始该脉冲启动方法。这个结构方案的优点是，由低压蓄电池存在的能量被应用于加速所述另外的机器。因此内燃机不用输入外部能量例如：借助充电电缆，启动电缆，通过辊式试验台的驱动或机动车的滑行就可以被启动。
在本发明的另一个结构方案中另外设置逆变器，因此低压蓄电池的低电压借助逆变器可被如此变换，以致于另外的机器可以借助变换的电压运行。这个结构方案的技术背景是，在机动车中存在一个以上电压级情况下设置逆变器，因此电能可从一个电压级被变换到另一个电压级。这样，逆变器可被应用于，借助低压蓄电池的电能驱动该另外的机器。这个结构方案的优点是，另外的机器可以借助低压蓄电池的电能被驱动。
按本发明的另一个结构方案在混合动力系的输出端和另外的机器之间设置另外的离合器。这个离合器在执行方法步骤a)至d)期间被打开。这个结构方案的技术背景是，用于启动内燃机的方法不会通过输出端上作用的力被影响。这个结构方案的优点是，制动的或驱动的扭矩都不能通过输出端到达另外的机器或内燃机去。
本发明的另一个结构方案规定，该混合动力系具有输出端并且另外的机器可借助来自输出端的能量被加速。该输出端特别地具有传动轮。因此存在这样的可能性，即，源自被驱动的旋转的传动轮的能量可被应用于另外的机器的加速。技术背景是，在输出端中可能存在的能量被应用于另外的机器的加速。这个结构方案的优点是，可与存在电能无关地使另外的机器被加速。
在另一个结构方案中规定，在混合动力系之输出端和另外的机器之间的另外的离合器在方法步骤b)期间被闭合。技术背景是，另外的离合器必须被闭合，以便来自输出端的能量可被传输到另外的机器上。这个结构方案的优点是，通过闭合该另外的离合器能与可能存在电能无关地实现，使输出端的转动能量被传输到另外的机器上。
在本发明另一个结构方案中规定，这个用于启动内燃机的方法被应用于，使基本上得到放电之高压蓄电池的充电过程开始。技术背景是，对于启动内燃机的这个被变型方法的诱因是基本得到放电的高压蓄电池。因此一个正常的启动方法是不可能了。通过高压蓄电池的充电则又可能实现内燃机的正常启动。这个结构方案的优点是，可以与外部的高压蓄电池之充电设备的存在无关地再给其充电。
在本发明另一个结构方案中规定，该方法要在车间中实施。技术背景是，机动车由于放电的高压蓄电池例如由于高压蓄电池的故障应在车间中被修理。因此这种修理也包括高压蓄电池的充电。此处的优点是，为此无需外部的充电设备，而是机动车本身在启动内燃机以后又可以给放了电的高压蓄电池充电。
在本发明另一个结构方案中设置一个转速传感装置用于获取另外的机器的转速。方法步骤b)被如此长地实施，直至转速传感装置提供超过能预先确定的值的转速。对此技术背景是，为了有效的实施用于加速内燃机的方法步骤c)必需一个确定的转动能量。这个结构方案的优点是，因此可确保，方法步骤c)只有当存在充足的转动能量以足够驱动内燃机时才被执行。
在另一个结构方案中规定，设置用于获取内燃机温度的温度传感装置。根据温度传感装置提供的数值来修改地实施该方法。特别是当温度传感装置提供超过能预先确定的值的数值时该方法被修改地实施。这个结构方案的技术背景是，脉冲或直接启动的执行依据温度来实施。
在另一个结构方案中规定，该方法被如此修改地实施，以致于用于启动混合动力系的内燃机的方法不被执行。这个结构方案的技术背景是，当存在一个过高的内燃机温度时直接启动方法就不是令人期望的有效了。这个结构方案的优点是，在这种情况下没有浪费任何能量用于加速电机。
在本发明另一个结构方案中规定，该方法被如此修改地实施，以致于本方法的方法步骤d)被如此修改，从而只要曲轴角传感装置至少第二次提供有利的曲轴角，那么才借助直接启动来启动该内燃机。这个结构方案的技术背景是，当存在一个过高的内燃机温度时该直接启动已不是令人期望的有效了。因此这里通过延迟该直接启动如此地长，直至曲轴角传感装置至少第二次提供有利的曲轴角时，该内燃机通过流入和排出的空气被冷却。这个结构方案的优点是，被加速的另外的机器的能量可被应用于启动内燃机，当存在一个高的内燃机温度时也如此。
附图说明
本发明的具体实施例被描述在附图中并在下面的说明书中作更详细地阐明。附图表明：
图1示出混合动力系，
图2示出混合动力系的另外的组成部件，
图3示出用于启动混合动力系的内燃机的方法。
具体实施方式
图1表明了一个混合动力系100，其具有内燃机101和另外的机器103尤其电机。该混合动力系100的输出端则由变速器105和传动轴106及所属的传动轮107共同组成。在内燃机101和另外的机器103之间置有所谓的分离离合器102。在分离离合器102之被打开的状态中这两个动力机器(101，103)可以相互无关地转动。如果分离离合器102被闭合时则内燃机101与另外的机器103基本上相互抗扭转地连接。在该输出端和另外的机器103之间置有另外的离合器104。在另外的离合器104之被打开的状态中该输出端可与另外的机器103无关地转动。在另外的离合器104之被闭合的状态中则另外的机器103与输出端基本上相互抗扭转地连接。按照机动车的配置方案该另外的离合器104可以是一个通常的离合器，例如一个摩擦离合器。在一个自动变速器情况下该变速器105可以和另外的离合器104被一起设置在一个共同的结构部件中。特别是该另外的离合器104因此可被设置为扭矩转换器或启动元件。这个机械结构方案能实现，要么只用另外的机器103来驱动机动车或者与内燃机101一起驱动机动车。但也存在可能方案是，内燃机101单独驱动机动车并且此外还也驱动该另外的机器103。该输出端借助另外的离合器104可完全地从两个动力装置分离。另一方面存在可能方案是，通过打开离合器102和104只使另外的机器103运行，但是也存在如此可能方案，通过闭合另外的离合器104使另外的机器103通过输出端运行，例如在一个滑行(rollend)机动车或在辊式试验台上情况下。后者特别在一个车间中是有利的。通过打开另外的离合器104则可以使输出端与混合动力系100在能量上分离，因此通过闭合该分离离合器102产生可能方案在于，将另外的机器103的能量传输到内燃机101上。
图2表明了一个混合动力系的另外组成部件。在该图中描述了：一个曲轴角传感装置209用于获取当前的曲轴角，一个转速传感装置213用于获取另外的机器103的转速和一个温度传感装置214用于获取内燃机101的温度。此外描述了高压蓄电池208。高压蓄电池208具有一个如此电压，其适合于将另外的机器103、特别是一个电机驱动。它也被称之为牵引蓄电池。低压蓄电池211具有一个较小电压并且应用于为机动车之较小的辅助机组和其控制装置供能。它通常也被称之为汽车电路蓄电池或启动器蓄电池。高压蓄电池208和低压蓄电池211的两个电压级通过一个逆变器212被耦联。其既可以承担一个逆变器的功能又可以承担一个振动子换流器的功能。210则扮演控制装置，其与这个图示的组成部件，而且借助连线215与混合动力系100之组成部件的控制装置互联。也产生这种可能方案，使单个所称的组成部件和/或控制装置组合设置在控制装置210中或被设置在外。
在图3中描述了一个使具有内燃机101之混合动力系100的内燃机101启动的方法。在步骤301中启动该方法。在步骤302中检查，高压蓄电池208是否基本上得到放电。对于这种在当高压蓄电池208的能量不再足以使另外的机器103足够地加速而能实施内燃机101的一个可靠启动的情况下，就继续实施该方法的步骤303。否则该方法返回到步骤301再开始该方法。在步骤303中确定，分离离合器102是被打开的。要么它是已被打开的，或者当它可能被闭合时，则将它打开。在步骤304中该另外的机器103被加速。在一个电机情况下可以通过输入电能，例如通过施加一个电压在该机器上来实现。作为选择可以想到，通过闭合该另外的离合器104使输出端的能量被传输到该另外的机器103上。在接着的步骤305中该另外的机器103的能量通过闭合该分离离合器102被传输到内燃机101上。因此内燃机101被加速并被转动。步骤306被如此长地执行，直到曲轴角传感装置209提供一个有利的曲轴角，以便内燃机101可借助直接启动被启动。然后这个直接启动在步骤307中被实施。步骤308结束该方法。

Claims (13)

1.用于启动混合动力系的内燃机的方法，该混合动力系具有内燃机和至少一个另外的机器尤其电机，其中分离离合器被配置在所述内燃机和所述另外的机器之间，并且设置了曲轴角传感装置以用于获取所述内燃机的当前的曲轴角，其特征在于：
设置了高压蓄电池(208)并且在高压蓄电池(208)基本上得到放电的情况下执行下面的方法步骤以启动所述内燃机(101)：
a.)打开所述分离离合器(102)或它已被打开了，
b.)使所述另外的机器(103)加速，
c.)在所述另外的机器(103)的加速过程结束之后使所述分离离合器(102)闭合，以便使所述内燃机(101)同样加速，
d.)只要所述曲轴角传感装置(209)给出有利的曲轴角，就借助直接启动来启动所述内燃机(101)。
2.按权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：
设置低压蓄电池(211)并且借助来自所述低压蓄电池(211)的能量使所述另外的机器(103)加速。
3.按权利要求2的方法，其特征在于：
设置逆变器(212)并借助所述逆变器(212)使所述低压蓄电池(211)的低电压如此变换，以致于所述另外的机器(103)借助变换的电压运行。
4.按权利要求2的方法，其特征在于：
将另外的离合器(104)设置在混合动力系(100)的输出端和所述另外的机器(103)之间，并且在为启动所述内燃机(101)而执行所述方法步骤a.)至d.)期间使所述另外的离合器(104)打开。
5.按权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：
所述混合动力系(100)具有输出端，所述输出端特别具有传动轮(107)，并且借助来自所述输出端的能量使所述另外的机器(103)加速，特别是通过利用来自被驱动的旋转的传动轮(107)的能量的方式。
6.按权利要求5的方法，其特征在于
将另外的离合器(104)设置在所述混合动力系(100)的输出端和所述另外的机器(103)之间，并且使所述另外的离合器(104)在所述方法步骤b.)期间闭合。
7.按前面权利要求之一的方法，其特征在于：
所述用于启动混合动力系(100)的内燃机(101)的方法应用于使基本上得到放电的高压蓄电池(208)开始充电过程。
8.按前面权利要求之一的方法，其特征在于：
所述方法在车间中实施。
9.按前面权利要求之一的方法，其特征在于：
设置了转速传感装置(213)以用于获取所述另外的机器(103)的转速并且使所述方法步骤b.)如此长久地执行，直到所述转速传感装置(213)提供超过能预先确定的值的转速。
10.按前面权利要求之一的方法，其特征在于：
设置了温度传感装置(214)以用于获取所述内燃机(101)的温度并且当在执行所述用于启动内燃机(101)的方法步骤之前所述温度传感器(214)提供超过能预先确定的值的数值时，作修改地实施该方法，。
11.按权利要求10的方法，其特征在于：
如此修改地实施该方法，以致于所述用于启动混合动力系(100)的内燃机(100)的方法不被执行。
12.按权利要求10的方法，其特征在于：
如此修改地实施该方法，以致于所述方法的方法步骤d.)被这样修改，从而只要所述曲轴角传感装置(209)至少第二次提供有利的曲轴角，那么才借助直接启动来启动所述内燃机(101)。
13.用于启动混合动力系的内燃机的装置，所述混合动力系具有内燃机和至少一个另外的机器尤其电机，其中分离离合器被配置在所述内燃机和所述另外的机器之间，并且设置了曲轴角传感装置以用于获取所述内燃机的当前的曲轴角，其特征在于：
设置了高压蓄电池(208)和适合于在所述高压蓄电池(208)基本上得到放电的情况下执行下面的方法步骤以启动所述内燃机(101)的机构：
a.)打开所述分离离合器(102)或其已被打开，
b.)使所述另外的机器(103)加速，
c.)在所述另外的机器(103)的加速过程结束以后将所述分离离合器(102)闭合，以使得所述内燃机(101)同样被加速，
d.)只要所述曲轴角传感装置(209)提供有利的曲轴角，那么就借助直接启动来启动所述内燃机(101)。
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