CN102083714A - 具有抗静电层的容器 - Google Patents

具有抗静电层的容器 Download PDF

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CN102083714A
CN102083714A CN2009801252825A CN200980125282A CN102083714A CN 102083714 A CN102083714 A CN 102083714A CN 2009801252825 A CN2009801252825 A CN 2009801252825A CN 200980125282 A CN200980125282 A CN 200980125282A CN 102083714 A CN102083714 A CN 102083714A
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wall
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P·詹森
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Uponor Infra Oy
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    • B65D90/46—Arrangements for carrying off, or preventing the formation of electrostatic charges
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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Abstract

用于干粉、细粒、颗粒、气体及其它易燃物质的容器及其生产方法。所述容器包含壁(11-13)，所述壁通过螺旋绕制具有开放横截面的轮廓形成，其中所述轮廓的相邻绕圈彼此附接。根据本发明，所述轮廓包括形成所述轮廓的内表面的第一热塑性层(11)，和设置成围绕所述第一热塑性层并形成所述轮廓的外表面的第二热塑性层(12)，所述第二层是抗静电的。本发明容器具有良好的机械强度特性，并且可以有效的避免电荷在所述容器内部的积累。所述容器可用作例如用于材料/粉末/颗粒的干燥器。

Description

具有抗静电层的容器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种如权利要求1前序部分所述的容器，其用于储藏干粉、细粒、颗粒、气体及其它易燃物质。
这种容器通常包含圆筒形壁，在所述壁的相对的端部具有端盖，所述壁和端盖限定出封闭空间。
本发明还涉及一种如权利要求10前序部分的生产容器的方法。
背景技术
以罐和贮仓形式存在的大型容器，通常被用来长久或中途贮存大宗材料，例如干粉、细粒和颗粒。它们还可以用于贮藏液体和气体。通常，所述罐和贮仓的容积从100到5000百升或甚至更大。
在一些工业生产过程中，加工设备的存储单元有产生静电荷的风险。这样，静电荷会将颗粒物粘附到容器的壁部，并且如果电荷积累就会有引燃罐体中存储的任何易燃材料的风险。这种现象通常被称为粉尘爆炸。
聚烯烃，例如聚乙烯(PE)和聚丙烯(PP)，以及聚(氯乙烯)(PVC)和类似的热塑性塑料，是用于多种工业用途并且已经被用于制造上述类型的贮仓和罐体的廉价材料。作为非导电材料，但是常规的热塑性塑料不适于用于在前面类型的具有产生静电荷风险的应用。
发明内容
本发明的一个目标是消除现有技术的至少一些问题，并提供一种用于贮藏易燃物质的新型容器结构。
本发明基于这样一种想法，即：提供一种容器，其具有通过螺旋绕制管道形成的导电(包括散逸)热塑性塑料壁，以形成容器的圆筒形壁部分，该管道具有导电的表面层。使用的管道包含不导电且具有良好机械性能的至少第一内层和导电的至少第二外层，所述两种聚合物材料是被共挤压成形的。
更具体地说，根据本发明的容器主要通过权利要求1的特征部分的内容所表征。
根据本发明的方法通过权利要求10的特征部分的内容来表征。
本发明获得了相当多的优点。因此，通过利用至少两种材料，由常规的热塑性材料例如普通的PE-HD所制成的芯/内层，具有比填充的外层材料更好的机械性能。这些机械性能是耐内压、长期的高模量、优良的FNCT和良好的拉伸屈服特性。
另一方面，鉴于内层提供了良好的机械强度，外层不必满足严格的要求，例如压力等级分类。由于所述材料是热塑性塑料，所以它仍然可以被常规的焊接，这使其可以制成具有绕制为结构化壁管道的多层管道的容器。该构思让终端用户获得比竞争方案更好的成本效益方案。
所述容器内部的电荷积累可以被有效的避免。
附图说明
随后，本发明可以在附图的帮助下得到更清楚地说明。
图1示出由聚乙烯制成的结构化壁管道的透视图，其在内部上具有常规热塑性材料的内层并且在外部上具有抗静电/导电聚合物；以及
图2以剖面形式示出根据本发明的贮仓的示意性结构，其在圆筒形壁内的底部处具有圆锥形端部。
具体实施方式
此处采用的术语“轮廓”可以与“管”(或管道)互换(即：具有开放横截面的细长物体)。“开放”表示任何一种或多种几何形状。通常，特别优选的物料的横截面，或所述横截面的至少一部分，是矩形的或基本上是矩形的，但是它还可以是圆的或椭圆的。所述开放横截面可以由一种或若干种前述的几何形状所形成。
“结构化壁”代表了一种通过螺旋绕制管构成的壁，从而包括比实心壁轻但依然同样坚固的非实心壁。
在与所述容器的壁一起使用时“轻质”表示所述结构化壁由具有开放横截面的管或轮廓形成。
根据本发明，圆筒形的轻质壁结构由包括前述类型的被共挤压成形的材料的管、通过螺旋绕制所述管而形成。在所述螺旋绕制管中，第二层的外表面的一部分形成薄容器的外表面和其内表面的另一部分。
当所述多层轮廓被盘绕时，各绕圈被彼此固定以形成罐壁。
图1显示了如上所述所形成的壁的横截面。因此，大尺寸的轻质热塑性塑料管通过如下来形成，即：围绕圆筒形转筒螺旋地绕制具有大致矩形横断面的热塑性中空轮廓1-3，并且通过焊缝4将该中空轮廓1-3的相邻圆环结合，藉此，轻质管实现为包括外壁2和内壁1，以及连接上述壁的螺旋延伸部分壁4，在这些壁之间为相似地螺旋延伸的通道3。
通常，热塑性轮廓围绕圆筒形转筒或相应支撑件螺旋地绕制，并且管的相邻圆环例如焊接结合在一起。
通过螺旋绕制中空型材或轮廓形成的塑料管和管道以及制造这种管和管道的方法以及将它们结合的方法在美国专利说明书No.5,127,442、5,411,619、5,431,762、5,591,292、6,322,653和6,939,424中得到描述。制造轻质结构的容器端壁的方法在6,666,945和7,347,910中得到公开。所引用专利的内容通过参考并入本文。
热塑性轮廓(图1中的附图标记1-3)具有多个层，通常具有2到5层，其中的一层形成所述轮廓的内层而另一层形成外层，如上所解释。所述轮廓的内层可以由聚烯烃例如聚乙烯、特别是HD-PE或聚丙烯、聚(丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物)(ABS)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚碳酸酯或某些其它热塑性材料制成。
环绕芯层的外层是抗静电的。其包括热塑性材料制成的永久导电体。热塑性材料可以与第一层的材料相同或不同。因此，外层可以由聚烯烃诸如聚乙烯(例如HD-PE)或聚丙烯、聚(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯或某些其它热塑性材料制成。自然地，通过为两层选择相同的或类似的热塑性材料，可以获得所述层之间的良好的相容性。
导电特性可以通过将聚合物材料与导电颗粒物例如包括炭黑或金属微粒物的填料或者导电纤维或包括导电碳纳米管的纳米复合材料混合来获得。所述层还可以，可选地和优选地与上述导电颗粒物或纤维相结合，包括固有导电聚合物(ICP)，例如聚乙炔、聚噻吩、聚苯胺或聚吡咯，或包含碱和/或碱土金属离子的离聚物，或它们的混合物。优选地，所述材料具有在导电范围内的表面电阻率，特别地所述表面电阻率是在1到106ohm/sq(ASTM D-257)，尤其是在约1到105ohm/sq。
第一层和第二层之间的厚度比通常在范围1∶50到50∶1，例如大约1∶20到20∶1，特别是约1∶15到15∶1。在一个优选实施例中，内层至少如所述外层一样厚，或者最大值大约为外层的10倍厚。
可选择地，一个或多个粘结层可以被包括在所述层之间。在所述芯层/内层和所述抗静电/导电层之间，还可以增加至少一个阻挡层，以改进阻挡液体或气体，疏水或亲水材料。根据一实施例，所述阻挡层包含乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)或由后者组成。这种阻挡层用于防止易挥发的碳氢化合物的扩散。
聚乙烯或其它任何在上文中提及的热塑性塑料赋予所述容器良好的机械性能。
优先地具有一定机械性能的表面材料(即所述管的外层)，特别地ESCR值需要处于某个水平。出于这种原因，根据特别优选的实施例，外层由与内层相同或相似类型的热塑性塑料制造，外层通过添加永久性抗静电/导电添加剂形成为导电。
所述材料的总壁厚度合计为约1到20mm，特别地约1到10mm。
所述轮廓采用外层材料作为焊接材料4进行焊接。因此接头是防漏的并且罐面积的100％被与周围相同的材料所覆盖。由于刚性端盖和结构化壁管道的设计，罐具有良好的抵抗外部压力的能力，这在掩埋安装中是重要的。
当管道相邻的绕圈彼此适当附接时，形成的不仅是壁，而且在容器的内侧和外侧上均匀导电表面，其中所述壁至少基本不能透过细粒或粉末，优选地不能透过粉末、气体和液体。此外，在容器壁的内表面和外表面之间的导电桥是由相邻的绕圈的材料所形成。
图2显示了根据本发明的容器的一个实施例。从而，如上所述，用于贮藏干燥材料、气体或液体材料的这种容器10包含由多层管形成的圆筒形壁12。轮廓通过常规的挤压成形工艺制造，即多层轮廓的共挤压成形。因此，所述轮廓包含多层管状结构，其具有第一热塑性材料的内管层和具有第二导电热塑性材料的外管层。该两种热塑性材料限定中空的内部分11。
容器10在圆筒形壁的一端处或优选地在两端处具有端盖14、15。为获得完全的工作系统，必要的是这些端盖也具有永久性抗静电/导电的至少一个组成层。
端盖可以由通过在材料中添加适当导电成份制成如上所述的抗静电或导电的固体热塑性塑料来制造。
根据一个有益实施例，容器端盖的至少一个由包括一个抗静电或导电层的多层热塑性材料形成。根据此种类型的优选实施例，所述盖由通过将上文提及类型的中空管焊接在一起所制造的结构化壁来形成。
如下文所述，端盖可以是平的、凹的14或凸的或甚至(圆)锥形的15。它们可通过以与在结构化壁被制成时相同方式的焊接而被固定到所述壁上。优先地具有刚性端盖。
特别地在容器的圆筒形部分至少基本竖直时，下部端盖可以形成在锥体15内，并设置有阀16以便通过出口17调节存储在容器中的物质撤出。
在安装完毕时，所述系统应当固接。为此，优选地具有在圆筒形壁的至少一端的外层嵌入的一些电(布)线。
该罐/贮仓可以是独立设置在地面上，水平地或竖直地，或者其还可被放置成低于地表面的一些安置中。如果罐被埋于地中，将产生良好的相对于重量的环刚度比(ring-stiffness ratio)的额外益处，而且由于非常柔性的材料性质其还会较好的应对地面运动。这些材料的其它优势是抗腐蚀和良好的化学性质。
该罐/贮仓还可以作为材料/粉末/颗粒的干燥器。在使用结构化壁时，其可以比实心壁更好地处理内部真空。该真空可以与热一起用于罐/贮仓以形成功能化的大型真空干燥器。
该罐/贮仓容积通常是2到100立方米的范围。所述结构化壁管的外径可以制造成315mm到3000mm。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于干粉、细粒、颗粒、气体及其它易燃物质的容器(10)，其包括：
-壁(1-3；11-13)，所述壁通过螺旋绕制具有开放横截面的轮廓形成，其中所述轮廓的相邻绕圈彼此附接，
特征在于，
-所述轮廓包含形成所述轮廓的内表面的第一热塑性层(1；11)，和设置成围绕所述第一热塑性层并形成管道的外表面的第二热塑性层(2；12)，所述第二层是抗静电的。
2.如权利要求1所述的容器，其特征在于，所述第一热塑性层(1；11)是从聚烯烃、聚酰胺、聚(氯乙烯)和聚(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)的组中所选择的聚合材料，。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的容器，其特征在于，所述第二热塑性层(2；12)是导电的，具有在导电范围内的电阻。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的容器，其特征在于，所述第二热塑性层(2；12)包括导电的或散逸的颗粒物、纤维、管或聚合物，或者它们的混合物。
5.如权利要求4所述的容器，其特征在于，所述第二热塑性层(2；12)是从聚烯烃、聚酰胺、聚(氯乙烯)和聚(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)的组中所选择的聚合材料。
6.如权利要求4所述的容器，其特征在于，所述第二热塑性层(2；12)由通过将聚合物材料与导电颗粒物、导电纤维、导电纳米材料或导电聚合物或其混合物混合所制成的永久性导电的聚合物材料形成。
7.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的容器，其特征在于，在所述内层和外层之间设置1至3个中间层，所述层选自粘结层和阻挡层。
8.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的容器，其特征在于，所述轮廓的相邻绕圈彼此焊接(4)。
9.如权利要求8所述的容器，其特征在于，所述轮廓绕圈被焊接(4)在一起，以在所述壁的内侧和外侧上形成基本均匀导电表面，并且在所述容器壁的内表面和外表面之间的导电桥由相邻绕圈的材料形成。
10.一种生产用于贮藏干粉、细粒、颗粒、气体及其它易燃物质的容器的方法，包括以下步骤
-提供具有开放横截面的轻质轮廓(1-3；11-13)，
-绕制所述轮廓以形成圆筒形壁，以及
-焊接彼此相邻的轮廓绕圈，
特征在于，
-提供所述轮廓的所述步骤包含共挤压成形第一热塑性层(1；11)和第二热塑性层(2；12)，所述第一热塑性层形成所述轮廓的内表面，所述第二热塑性层形成所述轮廓的外表面，所述第二层是抗静电的。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二热塑性层(2；12)由由通过将聚合物材料与导电颗粒物、导电纤维、导电纳米材料或导电聚合物或其混合物混合所制成的永久性导电的聚合物材料形成。
12.如权利要求10或11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述管道绕圈被焊接在一起，以在所述壁的内侧和外侧上形成基本均匀导电表面，并且在所述容器壁的内表面和外表面之间的导电桥(4)由相邻绕圈的材料形成。
13.如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的容器使用为材料/粉末/颗粒的干燥器。
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