CN102077824B - Storage method of sugar-containing straw - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a storage method of sugar-containing straw, in particular to a storage method of sugar-containing plant straw, such as sugar cane, sweet sorghum and corn straw, which solves the problems of short storage period and unguaranteed quality of the sugar-containing straw stored by the conventional method. The method comprises the following steps of: introducing steam and sterilizing when chopped straw put into a storage pool is flush with an air inlet pipe until the height of the straw is greater than the pool opening of the storage pool, folding waterproof cloth in the storage pool and waterproof cloth on the top of the storage pool when the straw is higher than the water level of the storage pool, preserving apertures and enclosing the apertures with sediment; and when the temperature of straw on the upper part of the storage pool is between 90 and 100 DEG C, enclosing the apertures, opening a valve on an exhaust pipe of the storage pool, raising the temperature of the straw in the storage pool to be over 80 DEG C and closing the valve on the exhaust pipe. After the sugar-containing plant straw is treated by the method, the storage period of the straw is up to 6 to 10 months. The storage pool has a simple structure and low manufacturing cost, and can be adjusted according to a required scale.

Description

The store method of sugary stalk

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of store method of sugar plant stalk, relate to particularly a kind of sugary stalk, such as the store method of sugarcane, sweet sorghum stalk and maize straw and the preservation pond that is exclusively used in this stalk of preservation.

Background technology

For many years, with after sorgo stalk ensiling or the little storage as the feed of cattle and sheep or for the production of ethanol at application in north China, still, general Techniques of preserving, only can preserve 3～15 days, the sugar part (energy) in the sorgo stalk is rotten, acidifying, and the proportion of goods damageds reach 80～95%; Although some Techniques of preserving long shelf-lifes, cost is high, and the harmful components residual lives is also long, and people and animals are damaged.

Fresh and sweet sorghum stalk is except producing ethanol, or high-octane feed, can replace corn, but also various domestic animals of Direct-fed and be used for fattening.The sugar grass of improved seeds scientific management is when wax ripeness, and sugar is part the highest, contains clean sugared rate approximately 13～15%, and namely sorgo stalk per ton contains clean sugar weight and is about 130～150kg.Be converted to the average 130kg that only presses of starch (energy) and adjust, be converted into again corn, corn starch-containing (energy) about 62%.Be that " energy " of sorgo stalk per ton is equivalent to the corn about 210kg.The sorgo stalk of every mu of improved seeds, scientific management has 7 tons, 1.47 tons of corns of energy equivalence, if preserve improper, just equal loss 1.47 tons of corns 80～95%.

As gathering in the crops 6～8 tons of stalks with the sweet sorghum production alcohol fuel by every mu of sugar grass, can produce after treatment 300～350 kilograms of alcohol fuels, its sugared slag, poor water can be produced feed and beverage.And every mu of corn can produce 500～700 kilograms, and the producing and ethanol rate is 3.3: 1,152～212 kilograms of per mu yield amount of alcohol.If can not effectively preserve this bright stalk, the equipment of writing investment only had 1～2 month can produce ethanol so, and economic benefit will decrease.

For another example corn is planted in China throughout the year and to be implanted with more than 300,000,000 mu of corn, and when the harvesting corn ear of maize, the bright stalk of average every mu of conventional corn can be received 2500kg (sugar content reaches about 5%, and the producing and ethanol rate is 2.5%); But the bright every mu of 3000kg of stalk (sugar content reaches 8～9%, and the producing and ethanol rate is 4～4.5%) of sweet corn, its cultivated area has 1,500 ten thousand mu, more than 2,000 ten thousand tons of annual symbiosis producing and ethanols.Moreover behind the stalk of fresh corn ethanol processed every mu about 2.5 tons of bright poor slags (time compare with fermentation, weight do not change) are arranged, its nutritive value is similar with blue or green storage maize straw, hello cattle and sheep better effects if.

Because sugar grass is planted, harvest season property is strong, the inventory problem of stalk active principle is not as obtaining breakthrough solution, cause sweet sorghum stalk to produce throughout the year continuous production of ethanol Industrialization Projects, its economic benefit and social benefit fail to demonstrate fully, so that sweet sorghum stalk preservation problem becomes the Main Bottleneck of technology in this industry, economy, the production ethanol enterprise of various places is dropped into too high, can only produce 1～2 month in 1 year and lose money, numerous enterprises is driven to the last ditch.

But be 0610075710.6 to disclose a kind of sweet sorghum stalk ferment sugar Storage Techniques of guaranteeing the quality such as number of patent application, (volume in the pond is about 1900m to build a periphery and be 20 meters * 10 meters * 10 meters=2000 cubic metres round Jiao Chi ³), sorgo stalk is in time gathered in when the maturation, be cut into the section in 20 centimetres, through sterilization, bundling, in the pond, cellar for storing things of packing into, and then add the sulfuric acid of 0.3% bleaching powder and 0.5% or the water of hydrochloric acid again, cover with film afterwards, its advantage: storage life can reach more than 6 months; Its shortcoming is:

1, because in sorgo stalk, having added organic acid (sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid), when its poor slag remakes feed, will damage animal;

2, as making fuel with containing organic acid grain slag, can produce sulphur dioxide and sulfur trioxide, will accelerate the corrosion of equipment, and contaminated air;

3, containing organic acid grain water is polluted water, even sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid are carried out neutralisation treatment, residue is arranged still, needs more disposal cost;

4, be discharged in the ground as being used as rich water, soil, crops are had harm;

5, can not do again beverage at all.

6, cost is high: as: the prosperous source of Inner Mongol Jungar Banner kind cultivation Co., Ltds in 2007 method of " preserving sorgo stalk ferment sugar but add sulfuric acid ", build 10 and preserved the pond, cost amounts to 2,000,000, fill altogether more than 4000 ton of sorgo stalk, the sulfuric acid of using up, bleaching powder and additive amount to more than 350,000 yuan, the expense of one ton of sorgo stalk of every preservation reaches about 90 yuan, makes one ton of alcohol fuel and adjusts by 16 tons of sorgo stalks, and the raw material necessary expense of only this item alcohol fuel per ton just reaches about 1440 yuan.In addition, improvement pollution charges etc. have also been increased.

For another example: in the North China, have many research units to utilize natural temperature to hang down sorgo stalk is preserved, be called " natural freezing storehouse ".In fact, northern frost is come ahead of time, sorgo stalk frost bitten or freeze to death behind the frost for the first time, and temperature also can go up, and at this moment, no matter sugar grass grows in the ground or harvesting is fallen, and its weight and sugar is fast-descending part still.The sorgo stalk frostbite or freeze to death after, if be in stable low-temperature condition always, or the disposable ice lolly that is frozen into, can keep weight and sugar part not to descend.Yet weather does not meet people's will, night occurs often frost, and day temperature raises again, many days repeatedly.So repeatedly low temperature, high temperature shift, the sugar of sorgo stalk part along with the decline of weight loss more than 30%, to the February of next year, after sorgo stalk thaws, the place of heap sorgo stalk all is water, for processing has brought many difficulty, it is hollow that sorgo stalk has almost become entirely, and a sugar part total losses rate reaches about 40%.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is for above-mentioned deficiency, and a kind of environmental protection that proposes, cost is low, and storage life can reach 6～10 months, and the store method of its product no impurity taste, free of contamination sugary stalk and stalk are preserved the pond.

The store method of sugary stalk is as follows:

Technical solution of the present invention is: the store method of sugary stalk is:

1. the sugary stalk after the segment is packed into and preserve the pond, when the stalk height in the pond surpasses the air inlet pipe of preserving the pond laid inside, begin to fill steam;

2. on one side filling stalk, fill steam on one side, is 0.05～0.5% sterilized solution sprinkling stalk on one side with content, until stalk exceeds preservation pond actinal surface more than 0.3 meter the time, the top is organized into arc, continues to fill steam;

3. cover the stalk at top with one deck～two layer waterproof cloth, fold around this waterproof cloth with around being laid on the waterproof cloth of preserving in the pond, and push down 0.5～3 meter slit that stays 0.1～0.4 meter of every pressure with silt;

4. when the temperature of preserving the pond upper part of straw reaches 90-100 and spends, above-mentioned slit with mud closed; Then open the valve of preserving on the blast pipe of pond, make the stalk temperature of preserving in the pond reach 80 and spend when above, close the valve on the blast pipe.

Sterilized solution described in the technical solution of the present invention is sodium sulphite, Sodium Metabisulfite or potassium permanganate.

Stalk described in the technical solution of the present invention is preserved the pond and is comprised soil structure and concrete, brick structure, preserves the bottom in pond and is equipped with waterproof cloth all around, and one that preserves the pond is provided with plash, and drinking-water pipe is installed above the plash; Be provided with air inlet pipe in preservation inside, pond, blast pipe and temperature-sensing probe are drilled with air dispelling hole on the air inlet pipe.

Air inlet pipe described in the technical solution of the present invention has 1 at least, and one of the air inlet pipe air inlet of preserving on the pool wall by elbow connects, and is many such as air inlet pipe, is connected with the air inlet that is brought together after elbow is connected with outside the pond with threeway; The diameter of described air dispelling hole is 3～15 millimeters, evenly is located on the air inlet pipe by 0.2～2 meter interval; Above air dispelling hole, be provided with protective cover.

Blast pipe described in the technical solution of the present invention has 1 at least, is placed on to preserve inside, pond.

Temperature-sensing probe described in the technical solution of the present invention has 1 at least, is placed on that to preserve the pond inner, and temperature-sensing probe is connected with thermometer outside preserving the pond by line, and thermometer is concentrated to be placed in the instrument box.

Be provided with ∪ type enclosed slot on the edge suitable for reading in the preservation pond of the concrete described in the technical solution of the present invention, brick structure.

Sweet Sorghum Industry production bioenergy, mainly be to utilize fresh and sweet broomcorn straw to produce ethanol, next is to produce syrup, feed, paper, beverage etc., the international petroleum valency soar and unsettled situation under, utilize sweet sorghum stalk to produce alcohol fuel, to adjusting China's agricultural planting structure, improve farmers' income, guarantee the supply of vehicle-use alcohol gasoline, or replacing fuel oil, the aspects such as environmental contamination reduction and raising China grain security, energy security and development aquaculture all have important strategic importance, realistic meaning and far-reaching historic significance.

The store method of sugary stalk provided by the invention is simple to operate, less investment, and cost is low, and speed of production is fast, and scale is changeable; After sugary stalk was processed through method of the present invention, its storage life was 6～10 months or the longer time never degenerates, and the sugary stalk of preserving with the inventive method is identical preservation records respectively diopter and preserves with portable refractive power saccharimeter in the time of 6 months before.No matter produce ethanol with liquid processes or solid process, can guarantee that all processing enterprise continued to produce stably ethanol 6-10 month.Also find in practice, can remove the assorted flavor of itself through the sugary stalk that the inventive method is preserved, guaranteed that the ethanol taste of producing is pure, can make high quality liquor; Most of residue of former stalk obtains decomposing because its poor slag makes in the process of heating, evaporation, and the feed of making meets the requirement of green product fully, and poor water has also reached the effect that does not have residue and assorted flavor, can make green rich organic beverage.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the perspective view that soil structure of the present invention is preserved the pond;

Fig. 2 is the perspective view of concrete of the present invention or brick structure;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of enclosed slot among Fig. 2.

Embodiment

Preserve the structure in pond 2 as shown in Figure 1, 2, needs according to landform and scale, preserve pond 2 changeable, the concrete structure of preserving pond 2 is: a head height is accomplished in the bottom of preserving pond 2, one low, repair plash 7 for low one jiao, spread two-layer in the bottom of preserving pond 2 with waterproof cloth, draw neat, extend to all around on the edge of preserving 2 tops, pond, push down the edge of waterproof cloth with silt, above plash 7, lay drinking-water pipe 8, stretch out outside the pool wall by an elbow drinking-water pipe 8 upper ends, and check valve 9 is installed in drinking-water pipe 8 lower ends; In preserving pond 2, be provided with air inlet pipe 3 and blast pipe 5, and temperature-sensing probe 10, air inlet pipe 3 has 1 at least, be laid at the bottom of the pond, select the radical of air inlet pipe 3 according to the size of preserving pond 2, drawn three air inlet pipe 3 among the figure, one of air inlet pipe 3 with threeway with focus on that Chi Kou is outer to link to each other with air inlet 4 after bend pipe is connected; Have an air dispelling hole 11 every 0.5m on air inlet pipe 3, the diameter of air dispelling hole 11 is 0.5cm, and air dispelling hole 11 tops are provided with protective cover 12, and protective cover 12 adopts irony and ventilative material to make; Blast pipe 5 has 1 at least, drawn the six roots of sensation among the figure, its air inlet is placed on both sides and the middle representational position of preserving the bottom, pond, the gas outlet is connected with valve outside preserving the pond, temperature-sensing probe 10 has one at least, drawn the six roots of sensation among the figure, be placed on and preserve both sides, bottom, pond and middle representational position, the air inlet of each temperature-sensing probe 10 and a blast pipe 5 is adjacent, temperature-sensing probe 10 is connected with the thermometer 6 that is located at preservation 2 outsides, pond by line, thermometer 6 is concentrated and is placed in the instrument box, preserves the temperature of pond 2 interior different parts in order to monitoring.

Contain the preservation step of carbohydrate straw, the below is take sorgo stalk as example:

1, segment, disleaf: at first stalk is carried out segment and process, destroy its physiological structure, adopt the associating disleaf, cut the stalk machine as early as possible harvested fresh and sweet sorghum stalk (practice shows, in rear 48 hours of harvesting except leaf segment should) to be cut into length be short section of 2cm～15cm.

2, sterilization:

Sorgo stalk after the segment packed into preserve in the pond 2, stalk is carried out heat treatment, short its inactivation, when the preservation pond 2 interior stalk height of packing into surpass the height of preserving pond bottom inflow pipe 3, in time open the steam boiler valve, make steam enter air inlet pipe 3 through air inlet 4, be filled with in the stalk by the air dispelling hole 11 on the air inlet pipe 3 again; Continuation is to preserving pond 2 in-built stalks, fill stalk on one side, Yi Bian fill steam, Yi Bian spray stalk with 0.05～0.5% sodium sulphite water, adopt sodium sulphite can play inhibitory action to the miscellaneous bacteria in the stalk, and saccharomycete had no side effect, residual also few, can also decompose lignin, cellulose, sugar part are discharged, preserve pond 2 until fill, when making the center exceed the height of 0.3 meter in pond face, put in order smooth the top and camber.

3, continue to fill steam, and with waterproof cloth the top stalk is covered, the waterproof cloth periphery is together folding up and down, and use the silt compacting, concrete, the preservation pond 2 of brick structure is owing to there being enclosed slot 1, the periphery of waterproof cloth is pressed in the enclosed slot 1, at this moment, 0.5～3 meter of every pressure will stay 0.1～0.4 meter temporarily not press, and stays the slit as the path of steam, open the valve on the blast pipe 5 this moment, steam is shifted downwards by the top, pond, circulates in whole pond, and is last, steam enters blast pipe 5 air inlets through the gap of stalk, discharge from exhaust outlet by valve, steam circulates in the pond and makes that the stalk temperature reaches 70～100 ℃ state in the whole pond, thereby realizes that sterilization protects sugared effect, when the stalk temperature around the slit reaches 80～100 ℃, again this gap closing.

4, check the temperature at each position in the pond by thermometer 6, if the somewhere temperature is on the low side, open the valve on the blast pipe 5 at this place, the steam that enters in the pond from air dispelling hole 11 just begins descending by the top, or enter from the air inlet that flows on every side on the blast pipe 5, discharge from valve, exhaust outlet, heat the stalk of these blast pipe 5 inlet ambient, when the temperature at this position reaches 80 degree when above, close the valve on this blast pipe 5.

Claims (7)

1. the store method of a sugary stalk is characterized in that:

1. the sugary stalk after the segment is packed into and preserve pond (2), when the stalk height in the pond surpasses the air inlet pipe (3) of preserving pond (2) laid inside, begin to fill steam;

2. on one side filling stalk, fill steam on one side, is 0.05 ~ 0.5% sterilized solution sprinkling stalk on one side with content, until stalk exceeds preservation pond (2) actinal surface more than 0.3 meter the time, the top is organized into arc, continues to fill steam;

3. cover the stalk at top with one～two layer of waterproof cloth, fold around this waterproof cloth with around being laid on the waterproof cloth of preserving in the pond (2), and push down 0.5～3 meter slit that stays 0.1～0.4 meter of every pressure with silt;

4. the temperature when preservation pond (2) upper part of straw reaches 90-100 when spending, above-mentioned slit with mud closed; When preserving pond (2) when temperature is on the low side, open the valve on the blast pipe (5), make the stalk temperature of preserving in the pond (2) reach 80 degree when above, close the valve on the blast pipe (5).

2. the store method of sugary stalk according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described sterilized solution is sodium sulphite, Sodium Metabisulfite or potassium permanganate.

3. the store method of sugary stalk according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described stalk preservation pond (2) comprises soil structure, perhaps concrete, perhaps brick structure, preserve the bottom in pond (2) and be equipped with waterproof cloth all around, one that preserves pond (2) is provided with plash (7), and plash (7) top is equipped with drinking-water pipe (8); Be provided with air inlet pipe (3) in preservation inside, pond (2), blast pipe (5) and temperature-sensing probe (10) are drilled with air dispelling hole (11) on the air inlet pipe (3).

4. according to claim 1 or the store method of 3 described sugary stalks, it is characterized in that described air inlet pipe (3) has 1 at least, one of air inlet pipe (3) is connected with air inlet (4) on the wall of preservation pond (2) by elbow or threeway; The diameter of described air dispelling hole (11) is 3～15 millimeters, evenly is located on the air inlet pipe (3) by 0.2 ~ 2 meter interval; Be provided with protective cover (12) in the top of air dispelling hole (11).

5. according to claim 1 or 3 described sugary stalk store methods, it is characterized in that described blast pipe (5) has 1 at least, be placed on and preserve inside, pond (2).

6. according to claim 1 or 3 described sugary stalk store methods, it is characterized in that described temperature-sensing probe (10) has 1 at least, be placed on and preserve inside, pond (2), temperature-sensing probe (10) by line with preserve pond (2) thermometer (6) outward and be connected.

7. sugary stalk store method according to claim 3 is characterized in that being provided with ∪ type enclosed slot on the edge suitable for reading in preservation pond of described concrete or brick structure.

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