CN102077780A - Method for cultivating tobacco seedlings by taking vesuvianite particles as floating seedling matrix - Google Patents
Method for cultivating tobacco seedlings by taking vesuvianite particles as floating seedling matrix Download PDFInfo
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- CN102077780A CN102077780A CN2010105246673A CN201010524667A CN102077780A CN 102077780 A CN102077780 A CN 102077780A CN 2010105246673 A CN2010105246673 A CN 2010105246673A CN 201010524667 A CN201010524667 A CN 201010524667A CN 102077780 A CN102077780 A CN 102077780A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating tobacco seedlings by taking vesuvianite particles as a floating seedling matrix, which belongs to the technical field of tobacco breeding. The method comprises the following steps of: using a vesuvianite particle material as a seedling matrix, wherein particle sizes and mass ratios of the vesuvianite particle material are that the vesuvianite particles with the particle size of 1mm accounts for 40 percent and the vesuvianite particles with the particle size of between 2 and 5mm accounts for 60 percent; dissolving a universal nutrient liquid fertilizer for floating seedling of flue-cured tobacco, and then fully mixing with the vesuvianite particles, wherein each cube of the vesuvianite particles use 2kg of the universal nutrient liquid fertilizer for the floating seedling of the flue-cured tobacco; loading the vesuvianite particles into a disk and sowing, wherein the water content of the vesuvianite particles is appropriate when no sand is leaked from a bottom hole after the vesuvianite particles are loaded into the disk; placing the disk into a floating seedling pond, wherein water in the floating seedling pond is underground water or well water with the pH value of between 6.0 and 7.0; placing the nutrient fertilizer into the pond with the depth of 12cm according to the using amount of 2kg per cube of water on the day before the sowing; placing the nutrient fertilizer into the pond with the depth of 12cm according to the using amount of 1kg per cube of water on the 40th day after the sowing; controlling the seedling temperature to be between 27 and 32 DEG C and the relative humidity to be between 65 and 80 percent; and operating and managing other floating seedling steps according to the conventional method. The method has the advantages of low seedling and production cost, simplicity and convenience for operation, safety and no pollution and high and thick stems of the tobacco seedlings.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of method of cultivating the cigarette seedling as levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance, belong to the tobacco breeding technical field with the pelelith grain.
Background technology:
Pelelith is commonly called as float stone, it is the tiny type porous shape stone material that is of great rarity that magma forms after the volcano eruption, contain tens kinds of mineral matters such as the abundant potassium that is easily absorbed, sodium, magnesium, aluminium, silicon, calcium and trace element in the pelelith by tobacco, in light weight because of it, volume is big, is bringing into play irreplaceable effect in flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating.Along with further developing of floating seedlings, used seedling matrix material major part is non-renewable resources, the large tracts of land promotion conference causes the exhaustion of this resource year by year, and it is complicated to mix the seedling matrix material prescription, poor chemical stability, production cost height, give to cultivate high stem and bring certain influence strong sprout, buy matrix cost height simultaneously, increase tobacco grower's burden, it is extremely urgent that tobacco floating seed rearing substitutes matrix research.In order to reduce seedling cost, reduce and produce input cost, alleviate tobacco grower's burden, advance the tobacco sustainable development better, the present invention adopts the county to have a very wide distribution, material source is extensive, pelelith grain with low cost, free of contamination substitutes levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance and carries out floating seedlings, compare with conventional substrate, can save 3.37 yuan of costs for every mu, created a paths strong sprout for cultivating high stem.
By literature search, do not see the open report identical with the present invention.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of grow seedlings and production cost low, easy and simple to handle, safe and pollution-free, the method for cultivating the cigarette seedling as levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance with the pelelith grain that cigarette height of seedling cane is thick
The present invention adopts big, the in light weight floatable pelelith grain of porosity to carry out the technical research of pelelith floating seedlings as seedling matrix material, search out best novel, the environmental protection floating seedlings material that substitutes the tobacco dedicated substrate, for the improvement of floating seedlings technology provides theoretical foundation.
Of the present invention as follows as the concrete steps of the method for levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance cultivation cigarette seedling with the pelelith grain:
A. select the pelelith grain as seedling medium, its particle diameter and mass ratio are: the pelelith grain of 1mm is 40%, and the pelelith particle diameter of 2-5mm is 60%;
B. with pelelith grain and general fertile mixing of grow seedling nutritional, promptly by the consumption of every side's pelelith grain with the fertile 2kg of general grow seedling nutritional, with fertile with low amounts of water fertilizer being dissolved earlier of general grow seedling nutritional that takes by weighing, evenly be sprinkled upon pelelith grain surface then and stir that to make it fully mix the back stand-by;
C. will be through the pelelith grain sabot of b step process, sabot pelelith grain water content is controlled at hand and has pinched after moistening sensation, the sabot bottom outlet and do not have the pelelith grain and spill and be advisable; Carry out conventional seed planting subsequently, the pelelith grain is heavy slightly than conventional substrate weight, earlier load each hole during the craft sabot with a small amount of pelelith, the pelelith grain is lifted away from ground 3-5 centimetre high and falls once naturally (conventional substrate is lifted away from ground 5-10 centimetre and falls 2 times naturally) when installing to seedling-cultivating tray hole 1/2, mechanical sabot is consistent with the conventional substrate sabot.
D. the previous day that dish that will be is after planting put into pelelith floating seedlings pond, the depth of water is 12 centimetres in the control pond, and puts 2 kilograms consumption by every Fang Shui put general grow seedling nutritional fertilizer in the pond, and the water in the pond is underground water or the well water of pH 6.0～7.0; Sow after one day dish is after planting put into pelelith floating seedlings pond; After planting 40 days, in the pond of 12 centimetres of the depth of waters, put 1 kilogram consumption again and in the pond, put general grow seedling nutritional fertilizer by every Fang Shui;
E. in the pelelith floating seedlings process, the control temperature is that 27-32 degree, control relative moisture are 65-80%;
F. all the other floating seedlings steps floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco rules are routinely operated and are managed.
The method that the present invention cultivates the cigarette seedling with the pelelith grain as levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance, have grow seedlings and production cost low, easy and simple to handle, safe and pollution-free, cigarette height of seedling cane is thick, is applicable to the advantage of mechanized operation.
Embodiment:
Of the present invention as follows as the concrete steps of the method for levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance cultivation cigarette seedling with the pelelith grain:
1, seedling medium is selected pelelith grain material, and pelelith grain quality is the key of success of growing seedlings.Selected pelelith grain is must permeability good, good water absorption, have no side effect, uniform particles, pollution-free, free from admixture etc., the water absorbing and retaining properties of pelelith and gas permeability by pelelith unit weight, total porosity, particle diameter determined, its particle diameter and mass ratio are: the pelelith grain of 1mm is 40%, and the pelelith particle diameter of 2-5mm is 60%;
2, the use of the general nutrition fertilizer of floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco, every side's pelelith grain fertile 2kg of the general nutrition of floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco, fertile elder generation dissolves fertilizer with low amounts of water with the nutrition that takes by weighing, and evenly is sprinkled upon the stirring of pelelith grain surface then it is fully mixed, and guarantees the nutrition supply after the cigarette seedling is emerged;
3, sabot and sowing: whether successful the sabot seeding quality be decision tobacco pelelith floating seedlings important step, the key technology below sabot sowing GPRS is good: water content should be controlled at hand and pinch after moistening sensation, the sabot bottom outlet and do not have sand grains and spill and be advisable;
4, water management: the water that adds pelelith floating seedlings pond, require good, the free of contamination underground water of water quality, well water, swag water is forbidden to use in pH6.0～7.0, to prevent that diseases such as balck shank, root black rot from taking place, the method for floating seedlings is carried out water management routinely;
5, fertilizer management: dispensing for the first time should be prior to seeding put into the pond with general nutrition fertilizer in one day, and every Fang Shui is put 2 kilograms of nutrition fertilizer, guaranteed the depth of water to 12 centimetre; At after planting 40 days, every Fang Shui was put 1 kilogram nutrition fertilizer for the second time, and keeping the nursery pond depth of water is 12 centimetres;
6, temperature treatment: pelelith grain water content is relevant with temperature, and temperature is too high, and pelelith grain card moisture is laid particular stress on, easily cause the formation of spiral root, should be specifically noted that timely adjusting temperature, carry out cooling or heat insulation work, guarantee that the cigarette seedling is not subjected to high temperature and low temperature effect, the control temperature is the 27-32 degree;
7, moisture management: pelelith grain water imbibition is heavy slightly, is emerging to little ten period management processes, and humidity is excessive, the cigarette seedling is not long, and flavescence causes seedling death phenomenon easily, answer the control panel surface humidity emerging to the little cross phase especially, take off film more and ventilate or the dish that dries in the air, control relative moisture is 65-80%;
8, thinning, fill the gaps with seedlings, final singling: the pelelith intergranular seedling difficulty of filling the gaps with seedlings easily, the pelelith grain is difficult to punching when filling the gaps with seedlings, and transplants incorrect cigarette seedling and is difficult to survive, and requires routinely correct method to transplant;
9, leaf-cutting: when first time leaf-cutting, cigarette shoot root system also is not completely fixed the pelelith grain, will handle with care during leaf-cutting, and the floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco regulations for technical operation of other " Baoshan flue-cured tobacco comprehensive standard " are routinely operated and managed.
The inventor implements the present invention in Baoshan City Tengchong County, Yunnan Province according to above-mentioned steps, and the result is as follows:
1, the pelelith grain emergence rate height of growing seedlings, it is neat to emerge, and emergence rate is relevant with the pelelith water absorption, because of water imbibition is big, emerges soon, emergence rate high (seeing Table 1).
Table 1 is emerged and the comparison of planting percent
| Seedling raising manners | Emergence rate (%) | Spiral root (%) | Planting percent (%) | Rate in strong sprout (%) |
| The pelelith floating seedlings | 94.0 | 1.5 | 87.5 | 82.1 |
| Native floating seedlings is moistened in the Zhaotong | 91.0 | 1.0 | 96.4 | 91.8 |
2, found out breeding time by table 2: the pelelith seedling-growing time of growing seedlings contrasts matrix 1-2d early, and it is relevant with the pelelith water absorption to emerge, and emerging that water imbibition is big is fast; From emerging to the grand cross phase, pelelith grain Floating seedling contrasts late 2-3d.Grand cross after date, pelelith floating seedlings growth the phase of taking root, become seedling stage consistent with contrast rapidly, and the part seedling death phenomenon appears in grand cross cigarette seedling in early stage, gives in the management and brings difficulty, and process grand cross after date tobacco seedling growth is normal.
The comparison of table 2 breeding time
3, biological character investigation
Table 3 pelelith Floating seedling and existing Floating seedling biological character application form
Remarks: every kind of seedling raising manners is randomly drawed 3 nursery ponds as reprocessing, and each pond is got 5 dish seedlings at random and investigated.Emergence rate is the emerge percentage of sowing in the time of 20 days, and seedling-growing time is the fate between sowing is emerged to 50%.Become the seedling time for sowing to 50% seedling reach suitable plant and the strong sprout standard between fate.At the phase investigation seedling look of taking root, divide dark green, green, light green, yellowish green level Four.Cat ear phase investigation regularity 10% below serve as that neatly more than 25% is irregular with the coefficient of variation of the height of seedling and the number of sheets, and the centre is for more neat.The incidence of disease is investigated before thinning.
4, economical character: the stem height that pelelith is grown seedlings, cane rugosity, the number of blade and root fresh weight are better than contrast, the stem height of pelelith Floating seedling, stem is thick and maximum leaf all is at nursery stage and increases progressively trend, but increasess slowly in the early stage of growing seedlings, and grows seedlings the later stage, cigarette seedling cane is sturdy, and total quality is better than contrast.
5, root growth situation: emerging to the grand cross phase, the overground part fresh weight of pelelith grain Floating seedling is all less than contrast, and the fresh weight of underground part is all greater than contrast; The phase of taking root with become seedling stage, the overground part of pelelith Floating seedling and the fresh weight of underground part all greater than the contrast (seeing Table 1).The growth of pelelith Floating seedling overground part in early stage is slower, the root system of grand cross after date pelelith Floating seedling prosperity has absorbed prescribing adequate nutrition, the growth rate of cigarette seedling is accelerated, nutriment progressively accumulates, to becoming to reach seedling stage maximum, help transplanting the back root system to moisture and nutrient absorbing, promote the early growth and quick tiller of cigarette seedling.
6, seedling cost investigation
The employed material of growing seedlings of pelelith floating seedlings is except that pelelith, auxiliary facility such as seedling growth greenhouse, seedling-cultivating tray, canopy film, pond film, leaf shearing device, fertilizer, agricultural chemicals and goods and materials require consistent with existing floating seedlings, the main host material and the management recruitment of relatively growing seedlings and using sees Table 4.
Table 4 pelelith Floating seedling and Zhaotong profit soil matrix matter Floating seedling input cost application form
Remarks: every kind of seedling raising manners is randomly drawed that 3 peasant households of family area more than 10 mu are investigated or a little is the unified investigation of unit to grow seedlings.Use the consumption of matrix and sand body to calculate the usage amount (m of per 1100 strain cigarette seedlings according to reality
3/ mu), then according to matrix unit price (unit/m
3) calculate the matrix cost of every mu of ground cigarette seedling.The recruitment cost is converted the recruitment cost of per 1100 each link of strain cigarette seedling according to actual recruitment quantity of each link and local labor cost.
The host material of pelelith floating seedlings is drawn materials extensively in Tengchong, and price is far below the matrix of existing floating seedlings, 5.23 yuan of every mu of required pelelith costs in land for growing field crops, and the matrix cost of more existing floating seedlings has reduced by 6.05 yuan/mu.Preparation and management between the nursery stage more existing floating seedlings many recruitments 2.70 yuan/mu of pelelith floating seedlings before growing seedlings.The more existing floating seedlings of pelelith seedling cost declines to a great extent, and seedling cost reduces by 3.37 yuan/mu, and the range of decrease is 55.7%.
6, field period economical character investigation
Table 5 pelelith Floating seedling and profit soil matrix matter Floating seedling land for growing field crops, Zhaotong economical character application form
Remarks: every kind of seedling raising manners is randomly drawed 3 points as reprocessing, every some investigation 5 strains average (wherein transplanting survival rate every some investigation 500 strains).Field period is to be transplanted to the fate of last a slice leaf between gathering.
Found out by table 5: the cigarette transplantation of seedlings that the pelelith grain brings out is behind the land for growing field crops, and transplanting survival rate is higher than contrast, and growing stage and economical character and contrast are close, does not have obviously difference.
7, economic benefit relatively
Table 6 pelelith Floating seedling and Zhaotong profit soil matrix matter Floating seedling land for growing field crops output and economic benefit application form
Remarks: every kind of seedling raising manners is randomly drawed 3 peasant households of family area more than 10 mu and is investigated.Level refers to=average price/highest ranking price.
Found out that by the analysis of table 6 economic characters per mu yield that pelelith is grown seedlings and first-class cigarette ratio, per mu yield value, jin valency, level refer to comparison according to low, because of the pelelith weak seedling of growing seedlings is many, transplant the drought day after tomorrow, the cigarette seedling is affected in various degree, makes the economic benefit comparison according to low slightly.
Practical application shows: the pelelith grain substitutes substrate seedling emergence rate height, and it is neat to emerge, well developed root system, and cane is sturdy, reduces seedling cost, increases economic efficiency, and cultivates high stem for tobacco an approach is provided strong sprout.
Claims (1)
1. method of cultivating the cigarette seedling as levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance with the pelelith grain is characterized in that the concrete steps of this cultivation cigarette seedling-growing method are as follows:
A. select the pelelith grain as seedling medium, its particle diameter and mass ratio are: the pelelith grain of 1mm is 40%, and the pelelith particle diameter of 2-5mm is 60%;
B. with pelelith grain and general fertile mixing of grow seedling nutritional, promptly by the consumption of every side's pelelith grain with the fertile 2kg of general grow seedling nutritional, with fertile with low amounts of water fertilizer being dissolved earlier of general grow seedling nutritional that takes by weighing, evenly be sprinkled upon pelelith grain surface then and stir that to make it fully mix the back stand-by;
C. will be through the pelelith grain sabot of b step process, sabot pelelith grain water content is controlled at hand and has pinched after moistening sensation, the sabot bottom outlet and do not have sand grains and spill and be advisable; Carry out conventional seed planting subsequently;
D. the previous day that dish that will be is after planting put into pelelith floating seedlings pond, the depth of water is 12 centimetres in the control pond, and puts 2 kilograms consumption by every Fang Shui put general grow seedling nutritional fertilizer in the pond, and the water in the pond is the underground water or the well water of pH6.0～7.0; After one day dish is after planting put into pelelith floating seedlings pond; After planting 40 days, in the pond of 12 centimetres of the depth of waters, put 1 kilogram consumption again and in the pond, put general grow seedling nutritional fertilizer by every Fang Shui;
E. temperature treatment: pelelith grain water content is relevant with temperature, and temperature is too high, and pelelith grain card moisture is laid particular stress on, easily cause the formation of spiral root, should be specifically noted that timely adjusting temperature, carry out cooling or heat insulation work, guarantee that the cigarette seedling is not subjected to high temperature and low temperature effect, the control temperature is the 27-32 degree;
G. moisture management: pelelith grain water imbibition is heavy slightly, is emerging to little ten period management processes, and humidity is excessive, the cigarette seedling is not long, and flavescence causes seedling death phenomenon easily, answer the control panel surface humidity emerging to the little cross phase especially, take off film more and ventilate or the dish that dries in the air, control relative moisture is 65-80%;
H. thinning, fill the gaps with seedlings, final singling: the pelelith intergranular seedling difficulty of filling the gaps with seedlings easily, the pelelith grain is difficult to punching when filling the gaps with seedlings, and transplants incorrect cigarette seedling and is difficult to survive, and requires routinely correct method to transplant;
I. leaf-cutting: when first time leaf-cutting, cigarette shoot root system also is not completely fixed the pelelith grain, will handle with care during leaf-cutting, and the floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco regulations for technical operation of other " Baoshan flue-cured tobacco comprehensive standard " are routinely operated and managed.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102301945A (en) * | 2011-07-26 | 2012-01-04 | 黄元奎 | Method for raising seedlings of flue-cured tobacco by moistening |
| CN102409656A (en) * | 2011-08-12 | 2012-04-11 | 陕西省地产开发服务总公司 | Sand stabilizing method |
| CN103539566A (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2014-01-29 | 红云红河烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | Volcanic gravel type flue-cured tobacco seedling substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN103975753A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-08-13 | 云南省烟草公司文山州公司 | Flue-cured tobacco float seedling cultivation substrate and manufacturing method thereof |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101473755A (en) * | 2009-01-24 | 2009-07-08 | 云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司 | Floating seedling cultivation for flue-cured tobacco |
| CN101849471A (en) * | 2010-06-07 | 2010-10-06 | 云南省烟草公司普洱市公司 | Fertilizing method in flue-cured tobacco production |
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2010
- 2010-10-29 CN CN2010105246673A patent/CN102077780B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101473755A (en) * | 2009-01-24 | 2009-07-08 | 云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司 | Floating seedling cultivation for flue-cured tobacco |
| CN101849471A (en) * | 2010-06-07 | 2010-10-06 | 云南省烟草公司普洱市公司 | Fertilizing method in flue-cured tobacco production |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 《中国烟草科学》 20081231 步云虹 等 烟草砂培漂浮育苗技术的研发与规程 全文 （1-6页） 1 第29卷, 第1期 2 * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102301945A (en) * | 2011-07-26 | 2012-01-04 | 黄元奎 | Method for raising seedlings of flue-cured tobacco by moistening |
| CN102301945B (en) * | 2011-07-26 | 2013-10-09 | 黄元奎 | Method for raising seedlings of flue-cured tobacco by moistening |
| CN102409656A (en) * | 2011-08-12 | 2012-04-11 | 陕西省地产开发服务总公司 | Sand stabilizing method |
| CN103539566A (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2014-01-29 | 红云红河烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | Volcanic gravel type flue-cured tobacco seedling substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN103975753A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-08-13 | 云南省烟草公司文山州公司 | Flue-cured tobacco float seedling cultivation substrate and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103975753B (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-02-10 | 云南省烟草公司文山州公司 | Floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco and preparation method thereof |
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