CN102067202A - 有源矩阵显示器 - Google Patents

有源矩阵显示器 Download PDF

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CN102067202A
CN102067202A CN2009801237863A CN200980123786A CN102067202A CN 102067202 A CN102067202 A CN 102067202A CN 2009801237863 A CN2009801237863 A CN 2009801237863A CN 200980123786 A CN200980123786 A CN 200980123786A CN 102067202 A CN102067202 A CN 102067202A
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E·史密斯
B·汤普森
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Cambridge Display Technology Ltd
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    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
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    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
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    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
    • G09G3/3225—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix
    • G09G3/3233—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix with pixel circuitry controlling the current through the light-emitting element
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    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
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    • H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
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    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/10—OLED displays
    • H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
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    • G09G2300/04—Structural and physical details of display devices
    • G09G2300/0404—Matrix technologies
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G09G2310/02—Addressing, scanning or driving the display screen or processing steps related thereto
    • G09G2310/0243—Details of the generation of driving signals
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    • G09G2310/02—Addressing, scanning or driving the display screen or processing steps related thereto
    • G09G2310/0262—The addressing of the pixel, in a display other than an active matrix LCD, involving the control of two or more scan electrodes or two or more data electrodes, e.g. pixel voltage dependent on signals of two data electrodes
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Abstract

一种有源矩阵OLED显示器(200)，包括数据线(202)，连接到数据线(202)的多个像素电路(203)，为了给像素电路(203)写入显示数据的朝数据线(202)一端连接的驱动电路(201)，和朝远离驱动电路(201)的数据线(202)的另一端连接的可编程驱动提升电路(204)。

Description

有源矩阵显示器
技术领域
本发明一般涉及有源矩阵显示器并涉及相关的显示驱动方法。更特别的，本发明涉及有源矩阵驱动的有机发光二极管(OLED)显示器的附加驱动电路以用来改进该装置的工作特性。
背景技术
使用OLEDs制作的显示器比LCD和其它平板技术能具有许多优点。它们是明亮，颜色丰富，快速切换(与LCDs相比)，提供宽视角并且在多种基板上构成容易且便宜。有机的(这里包括有机金属的)LEDs可以使用包括聚合物、小分子和树形化合物(dendrimers)的材料制作，其色彩范围取决于使用的材料。基于聚合物的有机LEDs的例子在WO90/13148、WO95/06400和WO99/48160中描述；基于树形化合物材料的例子在WO99/21935和WO02/067343中描述；并且基于所谓小分子的装置的例子在US4539507中描述。
典型的OLED装置包括两层有机材料，其中一层是发光材料层，例如发光聚合物(LEP)、低聚物或者发光低分子量材料，并且另一层是空穴传输材料层例如聚噻吩衍生物或者聚苯胺衍生物。
有机LEDs可以以矩阵像素的形式淀积在基板上以形成单色或多色像素显示器。多色显示器可以使用成组的红、绿和蓝发光像素来构成。所谓的有源矩阵(AM)显示器具有与每个像素相关的存储元件，典型的是存储电容器和晶体管，而无源矩阵显示器没有这样的存储元件而是靠重复扫描以给出稳定图像的效果。聚合物和小分子有源矩阵显示器驱动器的例子分别能在WO99/42983和EP0717446A中找到。
显示器可以是底部发光或者顶部发光。在底部发光显示器中光通过其上装有有源矩阵电路的基板发射；在顶部发光显示器中光朝显示器的前面发射而不通过有源矩阵电路所在的显示层。
顶部发光OLED显示器不如底部发光显示器普遍，因为典型地，上电极包括阴极并且它必须至少部分透明，而且具有足够的导电性并且，最好对下面的有机层提供一定程度的封装。尽管如此，包括申请人公开的PCT申请WO2005/071771(由此把它的全文作为参考引入)在内的大量顶部发光结构已经被描述了，该申请描述了阴极并入光干涉结构以提高来自OLED像素的逸光量。
OLED显示器通常显示由图元(或像素)线性矩阵建立的图像。有源矩阵OLED显示器通常对于每个像素的每种颜色都有行数据线和列数据线。一条这样的数据线102在图1中示出。参考图1，驱动电路101连接到数据线102，数据线102连接到多个像素电路103。每个像素电路103与一个像素显示元件相对应并且包含存储元件(没有示出)。每条数据线102通常连接到几百个像素电路103。
在有源矩阵OLED显示器中，数据线102使用电压驱动方法或者电流驱动方法。当使用电流驱动方法时，相比电压驱动方法，现有技术喜欢提高电效率。在电流驱动方法使用的地方，像素电路103能被用作电流源或者电流吸收器。
图2，来自我们的申请WO03/038790，示出了电流控制像素驱动器电路的例子。在这个电路中通过OLED 152的电流通过设定OLED驱动晶体管158的漏源电流而设定，该设定使用参考电流吸收器166并记住该漏源电流所需的驱动晶体管的栅极电压。这样OLED 152的亮度由流入参考电流吸收器166的电流Icol决定，其最好可调，且根据对正在寻址的像素的期望设定。另外，另一个切换晶体管164连接在驱动晶体管158和OLED 152之间。通常电流吸收器166提供给每条列数据线。
电流驱动有源矩阵像素电路所共有的问题在于，特别在大型显示器中这是常有的事，像素“编程”电流存在小泄露和/或数据线电容超出。
最好如图1中所示，传统的电流驱动有源矩阵OLED显示器必须克服数据线102的电阻-电容常数。驱动电路101除了为了达到期望的光输出提供足够的电流给像素电路103以外，还必须克服数据线102固有的电阻和电容。
发明内容
根据本发明的第一方面，提供了一种有源矩阵OLED显示器，其包括数据线，连接到数据线的多个像素电路，为了给像素电路写入显示数据而朝数据线一端连接的驱动电路，和朝远离驱动电路的数据线的另一端连接的可编程驱动提升(boost)电路。
本发明优选提供一种连接到数据线的可编程驱动提升电路，驱动电路连接到数据线的相对端。这种电路的增加能使有源矩阵OLED数据线更加快速预充电。将能由本领域技术人员所预期到，可编程驱动提升电路可以是电压控制电路或者电流控制电路。
优选地，可编程驱动提升电路是电流源或者电流吸收器。使用可编程驱动提升电路作为电流源或者电流吸收器减小用以克服数据线的电阻-电容系数的电流。本发明的好处包括增加装置能量效率和降低显示图像时间并且从而具有更高的图像显示刷新率。
优选地，可编程驱动提升电路包括选择电路或者使能电路。更优选地，驱动电路通过数据总线连接到使能电路。这允许驱动电路通过传递使能数据位和/或一个或多个编程数据位来控制可编程驱动提升电路。
优选地，可编程驱动提升电路是电流复制器。可选择地，电流复制器能被控制为具有负荷(duty)编程使能信号的可变电流吸收器，或者电流复制器能通过编程数据信号的最高有效位来控制，或者复制器在固定时间周期被使能。
取决于电路设计需要，可编程驱动提升电路可以是n沟道或者p沟道。
优选地，可编程驱动提升电路和驱动电路位于相同的基板上。合适的基板或底板可以是由非晶硅(a-Si)制成的一块板。
根据本发明的第二方面，提供了一种有源矩阵OLED显示器的编程方法，OLED显示器具有电流编程数据线，多个连接到数据线的像素电路，为了给像素电路写入显示数据而朝数据线一端连接的驱动电路，和朝远离驱动电路的数据线的另一端连接的可编程驱动提升电路；该方法包括第一寻址周期，包括以第一电流编程可编程驱动提升电路；和第二寻址周期，包括写显示数据到像素并且提供第一电流给数据线。
这样，电流被可编程提升电路编程到数据线上。这种方法充分地减少了充电时间并且从两端对数据线充电减少了电阻-电容常数大约75％。
优选地，编程方法包括，在第一寻址周期用使能数据位和一个或多个编程数据位激活可编程驱动提升电路以提供相对于从驱动电路提供给数据线的电流偏移的电流。
优选地，第一寻址周期包括可编程驱动提升电路被使能一个固定的时间周期。这种设置提供了可编程提升电路的好处同时避免了连续使用可编程提升电路的无效率。
优选地，第一寻址周期包括可编程驱动提升电路被使能并且提供相应于由驱动电路传送的数字信号信息的最高有效位的电流。以这种设置，降低了由可编程提升电路和驱动电路提供的最大电流。
同样优选地，第一寻址周期包括可编程提升电路被编程以根据占空比变化。在这种设置中，占空比可以被选择，例如以克服数据线材料中的物理杂质，以实现最佳的显示时间或电效率，例如取决于要被显示图像的信息内容，或者遵循固定的占空比，例如最小化实现期望的图像显示所需的数值计算。
附图说明
现在将仅仅以例子的方式，参考附图进一步描述本发明的实施例，其中：
图1是如现有技术所知的行或列显示布局的示意图；
图2是如现有技术所知的有源矩阵像素驱动器电路的示意图；
图3是根据本发明实施例的行或列显示布局的示意图；和
图4a至4d是作为根据本发明实施例的可编程电路提升电路使用的四个示例电路的示意图。
具体实施方式
参考图3，根据本发明实施例的行或列显示布局图的示意图包括有源矩阵OLED显示器200。显示器200包括可编程提升电路，展示为驱动芯片电路201，数据线202，像素电路203和可编程驱动提升电路204。
由于像素电路203的有源矩阵布置，显示器200的编程具有两个阶段。在第一个阶段，驱动电路201从数字信号信息识别要被提供到像素电路203的所需电流或者电流范围，并且提供电流给多个在存储单元(没有示出)中存储电流的像素电路203。另外，可编程提升电路204在这个编程的第一阶段期间运行。在第二个阶段，驱动电路201停止提供电流并且像素电路203驱动像素电路中的OLED(没有示出)以相应于提供的数字信号数据点亮一部分预期的显示图像。在这种设置中，驱动电路201在提供电流的任务中，得到可编程驱动提升电路204的帮助，给像素电路203的存储单元充电并且也提供充足的电流以克服数据线202的电阻-电容常数。
可编程驱动提升电路204能与驱动电路201一起起到电流复制器的作用，其中电路201、204两者都提供电流成者吸收电流到像素电路203。作为选择，可编程提升电路204可以与驱动电路201相对地运行，其中可编程提升电路204吸收电流然而驱动电路201提供电流或者可编程提升电路204提供电流而驱动电路201吸收电流。
可编程提升电路204仅能在编程显示器200的第一阶段的预充电部分期间使能。另外，可编程驱动提升电路204能编程到与数字信号信息的最高有效位相关联的电流水平，与其相反在编程显示器200的第一阶段，驱动电路201以固定水平编程像素电路203。另外，可编程驱动提升电路204能按照可变负荷程序编程，例如根据要显示图像的内容最优化提供的电流。
图4a至4d是作为根据本发明实施例的可编程电路提升电路204使用的四个示例电路的示意图。图4的(a)、(b)、(c)和(d)部分的共同点是电压源VDD301，程序数据302，使能数据303和电路接地304
图4(a)示出了使用n型晶体管的可编程提升电路204以提供电流源可编程提升电路的实例的典型布局。
图4(b)示出了使用n型晶体管的可编程提升电路204以提供电流吸收器可编程提升电路的实例的典型布局。
图4(c)示出了使用p型晶体管的可编程提升电路204以提供电流源可编程提升电路的实例的典型布局。
图4(d)示出了使用p型晶体管的可编程提升电路以提供电流吸收器可编程提升电路的实例的典型布局。
不用怀疑本领域技术人员容易想到其它的选择。可以理解本发明不限于所描述的实施例并且包括对于本领域技术人员来说在此附加的权利要求的精神和范围内是显而易见的变型。

Claims (21)

1.一种有源矩阵OLED显示器，包括数据线，连接到所述数据线的多个像素电路，为了给像素电路写入显示数据而朝所述数据线一端连接的驱动电路，和朝远离所述驱动电路的所述数据线的另一端连接的可编程驱动提升电路。
2.如权利要求1的有源矩阵OLED显示器，其中可编程驱动提升电路在与所述驱动电路连接到数据线的一端相反的一端处连接到所述数据线。
3.一种有源矩阵OLED显示器，其中所述可编程驱动提升电路是电流源或者电流吸收器。
4.一种有源矩阵OLED显示器，其中所述可编程驱动提升电路包括选择电路或者使能电路。
5.如权利要求4的有源矩阵OLED显示器，其中所述驱动电路通过数据总线连接到所述使能电路。
6.如前面权利要求中任意一个的有源矩阵OLED显示器，其中所述可编程驱动提升电路是电流复制器。
7.如权利要求6的有源矩阵OLED显示器，其中所述电流复制器能够被控制为具有负荷编程使能信号的可变电流吸收器。
8.如权利要求6的有源矩阵OLED显示器，其中所述电流复制器能够由编程数据信号的最高有效位控制。
9.如前面权利要求中任意一个的有源矩阵OLED显示器，其中所述可编程驱动提升电路和所述驱动电路位于相同的基板上。
10.如权利要求9的有源矩阵OLED显示器，其中所述基板包括非晶硅(a-Si)底板。
11.如权利要求1的有源矩阵OLED显示器，其中所述可编程驱动提升电路是可编程电流提升电路。
12.如权利要求1的有源矩阵OLED显示器，其中所述可编程驱动提升电路是可编程电压提升电路。
13.一种有源矩阵OLED显示的编程方法，OLED显示器具有电流编程数据线，多个连接到所述数据线的像素电路，为了给像素写入显示数据而朝所述数据线一端连接的驱动电路，和朝远离所述驱动电路的所述数据线的另一端连接的可编程驱动提升电路；该方法包括第一寻址周期，包括以第一电流编程所述可编程驱动提升电路；和第二寻址周期，包括给所述像素写入显示数据并且给所述数据线提供第一电流。
14.如权利要求13的方法，包括用使能数据位和一个或更多个编程数据位激活所述可编程驱动提升电路以提供相对于从所述驱动电路提供给所述数据线的电流偏移的电流。
15.如权利要求14的方法，包括所述可编程驱动提升电路被使能一个固定的时间段。
16.如权利要求14的方法，包括所述可编程驱动提升电路被使能并且提供相应于由所述驱动电路传送的数字信号信息的最高有效位的电流。
17.如权利要求14的方法，包括所述可编程提升电路被编程以根据占空比变化。
18.如权利要求13至17中任意一个的方法，其中所述显示器包括平板显示器。
19.如权利要求13至18中任意一个的方法，其中所述显示器包括预部发光有源矩阵OLED显示器。
20.一种有源矩阵OLED显示器的编程方法，基本上如在上文中所描述的一样和/或如参考附图中的图2、3和4一样。
21.一种包括可编程驱动提升电路的有源矩阵OLED显示器，基本上如在上文中所描述的一样和/或如参考附图中的图2、3和4一样。
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