CN102066029B - 切削镶刀、切削工具以及使用该切削镶刀和切削工具的切削方法 - Google Patents

切削镶刀、切削工具以及使用该切削镶刀和切削工具的切削方法 Download PDF

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CN102066029B
CN102066029B CN2009801240052A CN200980124005A CN102066029B CN 102066029 B CN102066029 B CN 102066029B CN 2009801240052 A CN2009801240052 A CN 2009801240052A CN 200980124005 A CN200980124005 A CN 200980124005A CN 102066029 B CN102066029 B CN 102066029B
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石田琢也
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Kyocera Corp
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C5/00Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/202Plate-like cutting inserts with special form
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C2200/00Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/12Side or flank surfaces
    • B23C2200/128Side or flank surfaces with one or more grooves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C2200/00Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/20Top or side views of the cutting edge
    • B23C2200/205Discontinuous cutting edges
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1906Rotary cutting tool including holder [i.e., head] having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/1908Face or end mill
    • Y10T407/1924Specified tool shape
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/23Cutters, for shaping including tool having plural alternatively usable cutting edges
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30Milling
    • Y10T409/303752Process

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Abstract

本发明提供一种切削镶刀,具有:上表面、下表面、连接所述上表面和所述下表面的侧面、位于所述上表面和所述侧面的交叉部的切削刃、以及位于所述侧面并自所述上表面朝向所述下表面延伸且将所述切削刃截断的槽部,所述槽部具有第一边缘部及第二边缘部,所述第一边缘部及第二边缘部位于该槽部的宽度方向的边缘部且自所述上表面朝向所述下表面延伸,从侧面看,所述第一边缘部具有第一分离部,该第一分离部位于所述上表面侧且随着靠近所述下表面而远离基准线,该基准线穿过所述槽部的宽度方向上的中点并大致垂直于所述下表面,并且,从侧面看,所述第二边缘部具有第二分离部,该第二分离部位于所述上表面侧且随着靠近所述下表面而远离所述基准线。

Description

切削镶刀、切削工具以及使用该切削镶刀和切削工具的切削方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于加工金属等的切削镶刀、切削工具以及使用该切削镶刀和切削工具的切削方法。
背景技术
以往,从具有良好的经济性方面考虑,使用不重磨式切削工具,该切削工具将具有切削刃的切削镶刀安装于刀座而使用。
作为用于如上所述的切削工具的切削镶刀,例如在专利文献1中公开有如下的切削镶刀,其具有:位于上表面与侧面的交叉部的切削刃和以将该切削刃截断的方式到达上表面的槽部。另外,从侧面看,该槽部相对于与切削刃正交的假想线朝一方向倾斜。因此,通过以使切削刃具有正的轴向前角且槽部与切削工具的旋转轨迹大致平行的方式将切削镶刀安装于刀座,能够抑制槽部与被切削件接触,从而进行顺畅的切削。
但是,如上所述的切削镶刀由于其槽部仅向一方向倾斜,因此,虽然对于切削时的旋转方向为任意一方向的切削工具能够有效抑制槽部与被切削件的接触,但在将其用于旋转方向与上述旋转方向相反的切削工具时,存在槽部与被切削件接触的情况。
专利文献1:日本特开平09-57519号公报。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种切削镶刀,其能够用于切削时的旋转方向彼此不同的任一切削工具、且通用性及经济性良好。
本发明的切削镶刀具有:上表面、下表面、连接所述上表面和所述下表面的侧面、位于所述上表面和所述侧面的交叉部的切削刃、以及位于所述侧面并自所述上表面朝向所述下表面延伸且将所述切削刃截断的槽部。该槽部具有第一边缘部及第二边缘部,所述第一边缘部及第二边缘部位于该槽部的宽度方向的边缘部且自所述上表面朝向所述下表面延伸。从侧面看,所述第一边缘部具有第一分离部,该第一分离部位于所述上表面侧且随着靠近所述下表面而远离基准线,该基准线穿过所述槽部的宽度方向上的中点并大致垂直于所述下表面。另一方面,从侧面看,所述第二边缘部具有第二分离部,该第二分离部位于所述上表面侧且随着靠近所述下表面而远离所述基准线。
本发明的切削工具具有刀座和安装于该刀座前端的所述切削镶刀。
另外,本发明的被切削件的切削方法具有:使所述切削工具旋转的工序;在使所述切削工具旋转的状态下使被切削件与该切削工具接触的工序;以及使所述切削工具离开所述被切削件的工序。
根据本发明的切削镶刀,在使用切削时的旋转方向彼此不同的两种切削工具中的任一种切削工具时,都能够抑制槽部的壁面与被切削件接触。
附图说明
图1是本发明第一实施方式的切削镶刀1的整体立体图。
图2的(a)是图1的镶刀1的俯视图、(b)是侧视图。
图3是图2的(b)的主要部分放大图。
图4是本发明第二实施方式的切削镶刀1′的整体立体图。
图5的(a)是图4的镶刀1′的俯视图、(b)是侧视图。
图6是本发明一实施方式的切削工具10的整体立体图。
图7是说明本发明一实施方式的被切削件的切削方法的工序图。
具体实施方式
<切削镶刀>
(第一实施方式)
参照图1~图3,详细说明本发明第一实施方式的切削镶刀(以下称为“镶刀”)1。
如图1及图2所示,镶刀1具有上表面2、下表面3以及连接上表面2和下表面3的侧面4。上表面2具有第一边21并构成大致多边形。在本实施方式中,如图2(a)所示,上表面2构成大致正方形。
镶刀1具有切削刃5和槽部6。切削刃5在上表面2与侧面4的交叉部,沿着第一边21设置。槽部6在侧面4以将切削刃5截断的方式自上表面2朝向下表面3延伸而设置。
上表面2中的自切削刃5朝向内侧的区域,作为前倾面起作用。侧面4中的自切削刃5朝向下表面的区域作为后隙面起作用。另外,在本实施方式中,如图2(b)所示,侧面4以随着朝向下表面3而位于内侧的方式倾斜。即,镶刀1是对作为后隙面起作用的侧面4赋予正的后角α的所谓正后角型(ポジテイブ型)镶刀。从将镶刀1安装于刀座时容易具有正的后角且保持镶刀强度的观点出发,后角α优选为5度~30度。
在本实施方式中,上表面2如上所述构成大致正方形,具有四条边,而且,沿着这四条边分别设有切削刃5。因此,该镶刀1是具有四个切削刃5的所谓四拐角型镶刀。
另外,在本实施方式中,切削刃5由三个槽部6截断为四个小切削刃51。通过如上所述将切削刃5截断,可以降低切削时这种切削刃的切削阻力。另外,在图2(b),槽部6均为相同形状。
如图2(b)所示,从侧面看,槽部6的壁面7具有从上表面2朝向下表面3延伸的第一边缘部71和第二边缘部72。第一边缘部71及第二边缘部72分别是槽部6的壁面7与侧面3的交叉边缘部,例如第一边缘部71及第二边缘部72为如下区域即可,即自槽部6的壁面7与侧面3的交叉棱沿着壁面7至槽部6深度的20%左右的范围的区域。
如图2(b)所示,第一边缘部71相对于基准线L位于一侧。第二边缘部72相对于基准线L位于另一侧。将槽部6的壁面7在沿着第一边21的方向(宽度方向)上的中点设为M,该基准线L为穿过该中点M并垂直于下表面3的线。中点M指的是槽部6的壁面7上端的中点。基准线L即位于第一边缘部71和第二边缘部72之间。
第一边缘部71在上表面2侧具有分离部71A,如图3所示,从侧面看,该分离部71A被设置成随着自上表面2朝向下表面3而远离基准线L。另一方面,第二边缘部72也在上表面2侧具有分离部72A,该分离部72A被设置成随着自上表面2朝向下表面3而远离基准线L。即,从侧面看,在槽部6的上表面2侧,设有槽部6的宽度自上表面2朝向下表面3而增加的区域。
根据如上所述的结构,无论用于切削时的旋转方向不同的两种切削工具中的哪一种切削工具,都能够抑制切削时槽部6与被切削件接触。因此,可将一种镶刀1用于上述两种切削工具。其结果是,具有良好的通用性及经济性。此外,这样的镶刀1在管理方面也具有优异性能,能够谋求更换镶刀1时的作业效率的提高。
第一边缘部71的分离部71A和第二边缘部72的分离部72A优选为如图3所示,相对于基准线L对称。由此,可以抑制槽部6与被切削件接触,并且能够提高镶刀1的强度。
在本实施方式中,从侧面看,分离部71A及分离部72A分别构成直线形状。根据如上所述的结构,在旋转方向不同的切削工具(刀座)中,无论是哪一种切削工具(刀座),都能够以使切削刃具有正的轴向前角且槽部的长度方向与工具的旋转轨迹大致平行的方式配置切削镶刀,因此,可以更可靠地抑制槽部6的壁面7与被切削件接触。
在本实施方式中,如图3所示,第一边缘部71及第二边缘部72都在比分离部A靠下表面3侧的部位具有接近部B(71B及72B)。从侧面看,该接近部B被设置成随着靠近下表面3而分别靠近基准线L。即,从侧面看,在槽部6的下表面3侧,设有槽部6的宽度自上表面2朝向下表面3而减少的区域。
根据如上所述的结构,在下表面3侧,由于抑制因设置槽部而导致的镶刀的体积减少,故可以较高地维持侧面4的下表面3侧的强度。因而,镶刀1被稳定地固定于刀座,被切削件的加工精度得以提高。另外,如图2(b)及图3所示,接近部71B及接近部72B分别构成曲线形状。
如上所述,第一边缘部71具有位于上表面2侧的分离部71A和位于下表面3侧的接近部71B,在本实施方式中,分离部71A和接近部71B连接在一起。另外,在第二边缘部72,分离部72A和接近部72B也连接在一起。
进而,如图3所示,将分离部71A相对于基准线L的倾斜角度设为θ71A、将接近部71B相对于基准线的倾斜角度设为θ71B。此时,θ71A>θ71B。并且,将分离部72A相对于基准线L的倾斜角度设为θ72A,将接近部72B相对于基准线的倾斜角度设为θ72B。此时,θ72A>θ72B。如上所述通过增大分离部的倾斜角度,可以更可靠地抑制槽部6的壁面7与被切削件接触。
θ71A及θ72A例如可以如下所述求出。例如,当分离部71A从侧面看构成直线形状时,如图3所示,θ71A通过分离部71A的假想延长线与基准线L所成的角度而求出。另一方面,当分离部71A从侧面看构成曲线形状时,通过上端的切线与基准线L所成的角度而求出。从保持镶刀强度的观点出发,θ71A及θ72A优选设定为10度~30度。在本实施方式中,由于分离部71A及分离部72A相对于基准线L对称,故θ71A≈θ72A,具体而言,θ71A≈θ72A=12度。
另一方面,对于θ71B及θ72B,如图3所示,也能够与上述θ71A同样地求出。从保持镶刀强度的观点出发,θ71B及θ72B优选设定为5度~25度。在本实施方式中,由于第一边缘部的接近部71B及第二边缘部的接近部72B也相对于基准线L对称,故θ71B≈θ72B,具体而言,θ71B≈θ72B=10度。
进而,在本实施方式中,如图3所示,从侧面看,槽部6的宽度W在上表面2与下表面3的中点位置最大。即,当将上表面2与下表面3之间的距离设为距离D时,槽部6的宽度W的最大值Wmax与距离D的中点处的宽度相当。
根据如上所述的结构,可以兼具有抑制槽部6的壁面7与被切削件接触的效果和保持侧面4的强度的效果。
(第二实施方式)
以下,参照图4及图5详细说明本发明的镶刀的第二实施方式所涉及的镶刀1′。对于与第一实施方式中的镶刀1相同的结构,标注同样的附图标记并省略说明。
如图4及图5所示,第二实施方式的镶刀1′相对于第一实施方式的镶刀1,槽部6的形状及一个切削刃5所设有的槽部6的数量不同。
即,在本实施方式中,相对于一个切削刃5设有四个槽部6。因此,切削刃5被截断为五个小切削刃51。这样,通过将切削刃5中的槽部6的配置不同的镶刀1及镶刀1′相组合并安装于刀座,能够得到后述的切削工具10。
另外,在本实施方式中,如图5(b)所示,四个槽部6中的位于内侧的两个槽部6I与位于外侧的两个槽部6II的形状不同。
槽部6I与上述第一实施方式的镶刀1中的槽部6的形状大致相同。该槽部6I以到达下表面3的方式设置于侧面4。而槽部6II未到达下表面3。即,槽部6II的下端位于侧面4上。由于槽部6II的槽部未到达下表面,因此,与槽部6I相比,可以保持镶刀的侧面4的强度。这样,槽部6II可以兼具有降低切削阻力的效果和较高地维持侧面4的强度的效果。
另外,对于槽部6II而言,槽部6的宽度W与上述第一实施方式的镶刀1同样,也优选为在上表面2与下表面3之间的距离D的中点处最大。
因此,将从侧面看第一边缘部的分离部71A在与下表面3大致垂直的方向上的尺寸设为d71A、将第一边缘部的接近部71B的大致垂直于下表面3的尺寸设为d71B。此时,槽部6I满足d71A≈d71B的关系,与之相对,槽部6II满足d71A>d71B的关系。另外,同样地,对于接近部72而言,槽部6I满足d72A≈d72B的关系、槽部6II满足d72A>d72B的关系。
以上,对两个实施方式的镶刀进行了例示,但本发明并不限于此。例如,上表面也可以是菱形、三角形等其他形状。另外,第一边缘部71和第二边缘部72也可以是相对于基准线L不对称的形态。并且,第一边缘部及第二边缘部的至少一方也可以在分离部A与接近部B之间具有相对于基准线L大致平行地设置的区域。
<切削工具>
如图6所示,本实施方式的切削工具10具有刀座11、上述的镶刀1及镶刀1′。镶刀1及镶刀1′安装于刀座11的前端。具体而言,将固定螺钉91插入镶刀1的通孔90,并将该固定螺钉91的前端拧合于在刀座11的镶刀收纳部12所形成的未图示的螺纹孔,由此将镶刀1及镶刀1′安装于刀座11。此时,镶刀1及镶刀1′都以使切削刃5自刀座11的前端面突出的方式安装于刀座11。
另外,在本实施方式中,镶刀1及镶刀1′沿周向以交替的方式各安装有两个。此时,镶刀1及镶刀1′以使下表面3相对于刀座11的轴线倾斜的方式安装于刀座11。即,镶刀1及镶刀1′具有轴向前角地安装于刀座11。
在本实施方式中,如后述图7所示,切削工具11在切削时沿顺时针方向旋转而使用。这样的切削工具11由于具有上述镶刀1及镶刀1′,因此,可以抑制槽部6的壁面7与被切削件接触。因此,可以降低切削时的切削阻力,故可以在高负荷切削条件下进行切削加工。其结果是,可谋求加工效率的提高。
以上,对于本发明的实施方式的切削工具而言,例示了通过固定螺钉安装于刀座的方式,但并不限于此,也可以是通过其他夹钳机构将镶刀安装于刀座的方式。
另外,在本实施方式中,虽然例示了端面铣刀,但并不限于此,也可以是在两侧面具有切削刃的侧刀(サイドカツタ一)、切入式刀具(プランジカツタ一)、能够进行拐角切削加工的切削工具等。
<切削方法>
基于本实施方式的被切削件的切削方法具有以下(a)~(d)的工序。
(a)如图7(a)所示,使切削工具10以刀座11的轴线S为中心沿箭头A方向旋转的工序。
(b)如图7(b)所示,使切削工具10沿箭头B方向移动,以使切削工具10靠近被切削件100的靠近工序。
(c)如图7(c)所示,使镶刀2的切削刃5与被切削件100的表面接触,并使切削工具10沿箭头C方向移动,从而对被切削件100的表面进行切削的工序。
(d)如图7(d)所示,使切削工具10沿箭头D方向移动,以使切削工具10离开被切削件100的工序。
由此,如上所述,由于使用加工精度高的切削工具10对被切削件100进行加工,因此,可以得到加工表面精度高的加工件。
另外,在上述(b)工序中,只要使切削工具10和被切削件100相对靠近即可,例如也可以使被切削件100靠近切削工具10。同样,在上述(d)工序中,只要使被切削件100和切削工具10相对远离即可,例如也可以使被切削件100远离切削工具10。在持续进行切削加工时,重复进行如下工序即可,即保持使切削工具10旋转的状态并使镶刀1的切削刃5接触被切削件100的不同部位的工序。当所使用的切削刃产生了磨损时,使镶刀1相对于通孔90的中心轴旋转90度以利于未使用的切削刃。
以上例示了本发明的实施方式,但本发明并不限于实施方式,只要不脱离发明目的可以为任意的实施方式是理所当然的。

Claims (10)

1.一种切削镶刀,其特征在于,
具有:上表面、下表面、连接所述上表面和所述下表面的侧面、位于所述上表面和所述侧面的交叉部的切削刃、以及位于所述侧面并自所述上表面朝向所述下表面延伸且将所述切削刃截断的槽部,
所述槽部具有第一边缘部及第二边缘部,所述第一边缘部及第二边缘部位于该槽部的宽度方向的边缘部且自所述上表面朝向所述下表面延伸,
从侧面看,所述第一边缘部具有第一分离部,该第一分离部位于所述上表面侧且随着靠近所述下表面而远离基准线,该基准线穿过所述槽部的宽度方向上的中点并大致垂直于所述下表面,
从侧面看,所述第二边缘部具有第二分离部,该第二分离部位于所述上表面侧且随着靠近所述下表面而远离所述基准线,
从侧面看,所述第一边缘部还具有第一接近部,该第一接近部位于所述第一分离部的下方且随着靠近所述下表面而靠近所述基准线。
2.如权利要求1所述的切削镶刀,其特征在于,
所述第一分离部与所述第二分离部相对于所述基准线对称。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的切削镶刀,其特征在于,
从侧面看,所述第一分离部及所述第二分离部的至少一方呈直线形状。
4.如权利要求1所述的切削镶刀,其特征在于,
从侧面看,所述第二边缘部还具有第二接近部,该第二接近部位于所述第二分离部的下方且随着靠近所述下表面而靠近所述基准线。
5.如权利要求4所述的切削镶刀,其特征在于,
从侧面看,所述第一接近部及所述第二接近部的至少一方呈曲线形状。
6.如权利要求1、2、4或5所述的切削镶刀,其特征在于,
所述第一分离部相对于所述基准线的倾斜角度,比所述第一接近部相对于所述基准线的倾斜角度大。
7.如权利要求4或5所述的切削镶刀,其特征在于,
所述第二分离部相对于所述基准线的倾斜角度,比所述第二接近部相对于所述基准线的倾斜角度大。
8.如权利要求1、2、4或5所述的切削镶刀,其特征在于,
从侧面看,所述槽部的宽度在所述上表面和所述下表面之间的中点为最大。
9.一种切削工具,其特征在于,具有:
刀座、
安装于所述刀座前端的权利要求1~8中任一项所述的切削镶刀。
10.一种被切削件的切削方法,其特征在于,具有:
使权利要求9所述的切削工具旋转的工序;
在使所述切削工具旋转的状态下使该切削工具的切削刃与被切削件接触的工序;以及
使所述切削工具离开所述被切削件的工序。
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JPWO2010035831A1 (ja) 2012-02-23

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