CN102046173A - 含加替沙星的水性液体、其制备方法和防止该水性液体在低温储存期间或该水性液体在冷冻/解冻后形成沉淀的方法 - Google Patents
含加替沙星的水性液体、其制备方法和防止该水性液体在低温储存期间或该水性液体在冷冻/解冻后形成沉淀的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102046173A CN102046173A CN2009801211933A CN200980121193A CN102046173A CN 102046173 A CN102046173 A CN 102046173A CN 2009801211933 A CN2009801211933 A CN 2009801211933A CN 200980121193 A CN200980121193 A CN 200980121193A CN 102046173 A CN102046173 A CN 102046173A
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- aqueous liquid
- gatifloxacin
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- salt
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Abstract
公开了包含0.65至2w/v%以游离加替沙星含量计的加替沙星、其药理学上可接受盐或加替沙星水合物或药理学上可接受盐以及至少0.5w/v%至少一种选自磷酸、丙二酸、烟酰胺或其盐的成分,pH值为5.8至6.9的水性液体。该水性液体中加替沙星溶解度增加。当将至少一种选自烟酰胺、咖啡因、甲基葡糖胺和甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯及其盐的成分加入至该水性液体中,在该水性液体低温储存或该水性液体冷冻/解冻期间该水性液体中沉淀的形成可被防止。
Description
发明背景
技术领域
本发明涉及含加替沙星水性液体制剂、其制备和抑制该水性液体制剂在较低温度储存期间和冷冻和解冻时沉淀形成的方法。
背景技术
加替沙星为新合成的喹诺酮抗微生物剂并显示出对于革兰氏阳性细菌、厌氧细菌和支原体的强抗微生物活性,更不用说革兰氏阴性细菌,并在眼科领域作为治疗细菌性结膜炎的眼药水上市。已知加替沙星的溶解度取决于pH且生理pH附近的溶解度非常低。
美国专利第6,333,045号公开了作为增强药物角膜渗透性技术的药物溶解度增加及晶体沉淀抑制、以小于0.5w/v%加替沙星的相对低浓度含加替沙星或其盐的水性液体制剂和低浓度乙二胺四乙酸钠。
另外,有出版物报道乙二胺四乙酸钠的使用引起眼睛刺激问题例如在滴注期间对角膜等的刺激(Pharmaceutical Research,15,8:1275-1279,1998;Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences,58,Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems:188)。
JP 10-7568 A公开了具有增加的吡啶酮羧酸溶解度的水性组合物,其中将钙盐和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入吡啶酮羧酸或其盐并调节pH6.0至8.5,并且还公开了通过另外添加甘油或硼酸至该水性组合物中使吡啶酮羧酸溶解度进一步增加。
JP 8-193024 A公开了眼药水组合物,其中包含作为活性成分的诺氟沙星和至少两种酸性物质(其中一种为硼酸),其pH在4.0至6.0范围间。
JP 2002-2825 A公开了喹诺酮抗生素的液体制剂,其中该喹诺酮抗生素溶于至少一种磷酸盐溶液以调节pH为5.5至7.5,并调节渗透压力比为0.85至1.20。
上述文件的公开通过引用结合至本文。
发明概述
本发明的一个目的是增加加替沙星的溶解度,由此提供包含高浓度加替沙星水性液体制剂,该制剂更少刺激眼睛且在中性pH区域清澈。
本发明另一个目的是提供生产此种水性液体制剂的方法。
本发明的还另一目的是抑制含高浓度加替沙星的水性液体制剂在较低温度储存期间及在冷冻和解冻时沉淀的形成。
本发明的这些和其他目的及优势对于那些本领域技术人员将因以下描述变得明显。
意即,本发明涉及:
(1)水性液体制剂,包含0.65至2w/v%游离加替沙星计的加替沙星或其药理学上可接受盐或其水合物和至少0.5w/v%的至少一种选自磷酸、丙二酸、烟酰胺及其盐的成分,其中其pH为5.8至6.9;
(2)上述(1)中水性液体制剂,其中该制剂还包含至少0.2w/v%氯化钠;
(3)上述(1)或(2)的水性液体制剂,其中该制剂还包含至少一种选自烟酰胺、咖啡因、甲基葡糖胺、甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯及其盐的成分;
(4)提高在包含加替沙星或其药理学上可接受盐或其水合物的水性液体制剂中加替沙星溶解度的方法,该方法包括将至少0.5w/v%的至少一种选自磷酸、丙二酸、烟酰胺及其盐的成分加入至该水性液体制剂中并调节该制剂pH为5.8至6.9;
(5)抑制包含0.65至2w/v%游离加替沙星计的加替沙星或其药理学上可接受盐或其水合物的水性液体制剂在冷冻和解冻期间形成沉淀的方法,该方法包括将至少0.5w/v%的至少一种选自磷酸、丙二酸、烟酰胺及其盐的成分和至少0.2w/v%氯化钠加入至该水性液体制剂中,并调节该制剂pH为5.8至6.9;
(6)抑制包含0.65至2w/v%游离加替沙星计的加替沙星或其药理学上可接受盐或其水合物、至少0.5w/v%的至少一种选自磷酸、丙二酸、烟酰胺及其盐的成分和至少0.2w/v%氯化钠的水性液体制剂(该制剂pH为5.8至6.9)在低温储存期间和冷冻和解冻时沉淀形成的方法,该方法包括将至少一种选自烟酰胺、咖啡因、甲基葡糖胺、甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯及其盐的成分加入至该水性液体制剂中;和
(7)生产包含0.65至2w/v%游离加替沙星计的加替沙星或其药理学上可接受盐或其水合物的水性液体制剂的方法,该方法包括加入至少0.5w/v%的至少一种选自磷酸、丙二酸、烟酰胺及盐的成分并调节该制剂的pH为5.8至6.9。
根据本发明,加替沙星的溶解度可通过将至少一种选自磷酸、丙二酸、烟酰胺及其盐的成分加入至包含加替沙星或其药理学上可接受盐或其水合物的水性液体制剂中来提高,由此使得可能提供包含高浓度加替沙星的水性液体制剂,该制剂对眼睛更少刺激且在中性pH区域清澈。
此外,根据本发明,加替沙星溶解度可通过将至少一种选自磷酸、丙二酸、烟酰胺及其盐的成分加入至包含加替沙星或其药理学上可接受盐或其水合物的水性液体制剂中来提高,由此使得可能提供包含高浓度加替沙星的水性液体制剂,该制剂对眼睛更少刺激且在中性pH区域清澈,不添加乙二胺四乙酸钠。此外,根据本发明,加替沙星溶解度增加可通过将至少一种选自磷酸、丙二酸、烟酰胺及其盐的成分和少量乙二胺四乙酸钠加入至包含加替沙星或其药理学上可接受盐或其水合物的水性液体制剂中来促进,由此使得可能提供包含高浓度加替沙星的水性液体制剂,该制剂对眼睛更少刺激且在中性pH区域清澈。
此外,根据本发明,在冷冻和解冻期间包含加替沙星的水性液体制剂中沉淀的形成可通过将至少一种选自磷酸、丙二酸、烟酰胺及其盐的成分和氯化钠加入至包含加替沙星的水性液体制剂中来抑制。
此外,根据本发明,在冷冻和解冻期间包含加替沙星的水性液体制剂中沉淀的形成可通过加入至少一种选自磷酸、丙二酸、烟酰胺及其盐的成分和氯化钠,添加或不添加少量乙二胺四乙酸钠来抑制。
此外,根据本发明,在冷冻和解冻期间包含加替沙星的水性液体制剂中形成沉淀的抑制可通过加入至少一种选自磷酸、丙二酸、烟酰胺及其盐的成分和氯化钠并添加少量乙二胺四乙酸钠来促进。
此外,根据本发明,在低温储存期间及在冷冻和解冻时包含加替沙星的水性液体制剂中沉淀的形成可通过将至少一种选自烟酰胺、咖啡因、甲基葡糖胺、甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯及其盐的成分加入至包含0.65至2w/v%游离加替沙星计的加替沙星或其药理学上可接受盐或其水合物、至少0.5w/v%至少一种选自磷酸、丙二酸、烟酰胺及其盐的物质和至少0.2w/v%氯化钠的水性液体制剂(该制剂pH为5.8至6.9)抑制。
优选实施方案详述
加替沙星的化学名称为(±)-1-环丙基-6-氟-1,4-二氢-8-甲氧基-7-(3-甲基-1-哌嗪基)-4-氧代-3-喹啉羧酸。
加替沙星药理学可接受盐的实例包括与无机酸(例如盐酸、硫酸及磷酸)的盐、与有机酸(例如甲磺酸、乳酸、草酸及乙酸)的盐或钠、钾、镁、钙、铝、铈、铬、钴、铜、铁、锌、铂、银或其类似物的盐。水合物的实例包括2/5、1/2、3/2、5水合物等。考虑到制剂的稳定性(溶解度、沉淀抑制),在该液体制剂中待加入的加替沙星或其药理学上可接受盐或其水合物的量为0.65至2w/v%,优选0.7至1.5w/v%,更优选0.7至1.1w/v%,以游离加替沙星计。
磷酸、丙二酸、烟酰胺及其盐的实例包括磷酸、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸钠、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸氢二钾、丙二酸、丙二酸钠、丙二酸钾、烟酰胺等。另外,也可使用其水合物。这些以一种或两种或多种的组合来使用。当用来增加加替沙星在水性液体制剂中的溶解度时,待加入的磷酸、丙二酸或烟酰胺或其盐的量为至少0.5w/v%,优选0.6至3w/v%,更优选0.7至2.2w/v%,特别优选0.7至1.2w/v%。
在该液体制剂中待加入氯化钠的量为至少0.2w/v%,优选0.2至1.8w/v%,更优选0.2至1w/v%。
该水性液体制剂的pH为通常5.8至6.9,优选5.9至6.6。
烟酰胺、咖啡因、甲基葡糖胺、甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯及其盐可被单独或组合其两种或多种使用。甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯的盐实例包括钠盐、钾盐等。当被用来抑制在该水性液体制剂低温储存期间及冷冻和解冻时沉淀形成时,待加入的这些的量为至少0.01w/v%,优选0.02至3w/v%,更优选0.05至1w/v%。
如有需要,等张化(isotonizing)剂(氯化钾、硼酸、甘油、丙二醇、甘露糖醇、山梨醇、葡萄糖等)、防腐剂(苯扎氯铵、苄索氯铵、葡糖酸氯己定、氯代丁醇、苄醇、脱氢乙酸钠、对羟基苯甲酸酯等)、粘性剂(甲基纤维素、羟基乙基纤维素、羟基丙基甲基纤维素、羧基甲基纤维素、透明质酸钠、羧基乙烯基聚合物、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙二醇等)、pH调节剂(盐酸、氢氧化钠、乙酸、磷酸等)、稳定剂(乙二胺四乙酸钠、柠檬酸等)等可被适当地添加至本发明的水性液体制剂中。加入乙二胺四乙酸钠时,它被优选以0.01至0.1w/v%的量添加。
本发明的水性液体制剂可通过本领域已知的技术生产,例如所需的成分以适合眼局部给药的形式分散和溶解,优选眼药水。
本发明中,“较低温”指大约4℃的温度,优选4℃±1℃。
下文中,以下测试实施例和实施例进一步详细解释本发明,但不应理解为限制其范围。
测试实施例1:加替沙星溶解度测试
(测试程序)
根据表1所示配方,制备了含指定量的每种添加剂的加替沙星饱和溶液。包含磷酸二氢钠、硼酸或丙二酸的溶液用盐酸和氢氧化钠调节至pH6.5,然后在室温搅拌3小时。含烟酰胺的溶液用盐酸和氢氧化钠调节至6.0,装入玻璃安瓿瓶中并在室温震荡2天。作为对照,制备不含添加剂的加替沙星饱和溶液,其pH用盐酸和氢氧化钠调节至6.5,并在室温搅拌3小时。每种溶液通过膜滤器(0.45μm)过滤,并且该滤液(1mL)被精确量度然后向其中加入稀释剂以使其体积精确达到50mL。所得溶液(3mL)被精确量度,内标溶液(3mL)精确添加至其中,并且向其中加入稀释剂使其体积精确达到20mL以制备样品溶液。样品溶液(20μL)中加替沙星的浓度在如下HPLC条件下测量。溶解度按加替沙星3/2水合物转换。
(HPLC测量条件)
检测器:紫外吸光测定计(测量波长:280nm)
柱:Inertsil ODS-25mm,4.6mmφ×150mm,GL Sciences Inc.
柱温度:40℃
流动相:使乙腈(180mL)、水(810mL)和三乙胺(10mL)混合,并用磷酸调节pH至4.5。
流速:0.8mL/min
注射量:20μL
内标溶液:甲基对氨基苯甲酸酯的流动相溶液(1→10000)
稀释剂:乙腈、水和磷酸的混合物(200∶800∶0.8)
(结果)
结果如表1所示。
表1
如表1所示,加替沙星的溶解度通过加入至少0.5w/v%磷酸二氢钠、丙二酸和烟酰胺的每一种来增加。另一方面,当硼酸以1%加入时溶解度仅为约0.6w/v%。
测试实施例2:氯化钠对抑制在冷冻和解冻时形成沉淀的效果
(测试程序)
根据表2所示配方,实施例1和对比实施例1至3的包含加替沙星的水性液体制剂通过常规方法制备。将每种水性液体制剂装进玻璃安瓿瓶并于-30℃储存于冰箱中。该冷冻水性液体制剂于室温解冻。对其中形成沉淀的制剂剧烈震荡。这些冷冻和解冻的操作重复10次,并且对其性质进行视觉观察。按照如下标准,判断是否存在沉淀的形成。
(沉淀形成的判断)
-:未观察到外来不溶物和性质改变。
++:外来不溶物明显生成。
表2
纯化水 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 |
pH | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 |
沉淀形成 | - | ++ | ++ | ++ |
实施例1中加入了磷酸二氢钠和氯化钠,在含加替沙星水性液体制剂冷冻和解冻时沉淀的形成被抑制。另一方面,对比实施例1中加入了氯化钠,其中抑制冷冻和解冻时形成沉淀的效果未被观察到。此外,在对比实施例2中(其中硼酸作为缓冲剂加入)和对比实施例3(其中柠檬酸钠被加入)中,即使添加氯化钠也未观察到抑制冷冻和解冻时形成沉淀的效果。
测试实施例3:pH对于抑制冷冻和解冻时形成沉淀的效果
(测试程序)
根据表3所示配方,实施例2和3和对比实施例4和5的包含加替沙星的水性液体制剂通过常规方法制备。将每种水性液体制剂装进玻璃安瓿瓶并于-30℃储存于冰箱中。该冷冻水性液体制剂于室温解冻。对其中形成沉淀的制剂剧烈震荡。这些冷冻和解冻的操作重复10次,并且对其性质进行视觉观察。按照如下标准,判断是否存在沉淀的形成。
(沉淀形成的判断)
-:未观察到外来不溶物和性质改变。
++:外来不溶物明显生成。
表3
氯化钠 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
盐酸/氢氧化钠 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 |
纯化水 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 |
pH | 6.0 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 6.5 |
沉淀形成 | - | - | ++ | ++ |
冷冻和解冻时含加替沙星的水性液体制剂中沉淀的形成通过将二水合磷酸二氢钠加入至该含加替沙星的水性液体制剂中并调节其pH至低于7来抑制。另一方面,在pH调节至7的情况(对比实施例4)和加入柠檬酸钠而不是二水合磷酸二氢钠的情况(对比实施例5),在冷冻和解冻时外来不溶物明显生成。
制备实施例
根据表4所示配方,含加替沙星的眼药水通过常规方法制备。
表4
pH | 6.0 | 6.5 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 |
测试实施例4:低温储存测试和冷冻和解冻测试
(测试配方的制备)
将黄原胶(6.25g)缓慢加入25℃纯化水(2500mL)中并搅拌。将该溶液加热至80℃并搅拌5小时,且每隔1小时补充蒸发掉的水。伴随加热的搅拌完成后,使该溶液在室温冷却。当溶液温度为30℃或以下时,添加水使总体积达到2500mL。将溶液通过膜滤器(5μm)过滤以得到0.25%黄原胶溶液。将氯化钠(11g)、二水合磷酸二氢钠(16g)、3/2水合加替沙星(15g)和0.5%乙二胺四乙酸钠液体(40mL)加入至该0.25%黄原胶溶液(1600mL)并溶解。加入0.2%苯扎氯铵溶液(50mL)并溶解。加入纯化水使总体积达到1800mL以制备含加替沙星的溶液。含加替沙星的溶液(90mL)被量取,pH调节至6,然后将纯化水加入其中以使总体积达到100mL。所得溶液用膜滤器(0.22μm)进行过滤除菌,并且将其5mL等分部分装入聚丙烯(PE)容器和聚乙烯(PP)容器(配方1)。另外,90mL等分部分被量取,加入添加剂并溶解以得到表5中所示配方2至13,然后溶解该混合物。所得溶液被调节至pH6,通过添加纯化水使总体积达到100mL,然后用膜滤器(0.22μm)进行无菌过滤。将其5mL等分部分分别装入聚丙烯容器和聚乙烯容器中(配方2至13)。
表5
成分和量(w/v%) | 配方1 | 配方2 | 配方3 | 配方4 | 配方5 |
3/2水合加替沙星 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 |
二水合磷酸二氢钠 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
黄原胶 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
氯化钠 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.55 |
乙二胺四乙酸钠 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
苯扎氯铵 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 |
谷氨酸钠 | - | 0.1 | - | - | - |
烟酰胺 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
咖啡因 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
甲基葡糖胺 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
盐酸 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 |
纯化水 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 |
pH | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
表5(续)
成分和量(w/v%) | 配方6 | 配方7 | 配方8 | 配方9 | 配方10 |
3/2水合加替沙星 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 |
二水合磷酸二氢钠 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
黄原胶 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
氯化钠 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.55 |
乙二胺四乙酸钠 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
苯扎氯铵 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 |
泰洛沙泊(Tyloxapol) | 0.1 | - | - | - | - |
聚山梨醇酯80 | - | 0.1 | - | - | - |
氯化镁 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
氨丁三醇(Tromethamine) | - | - | - | 1 | - |
丙二醇 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
盐酸 | 适量 | 适量 | - | 适量 | 适量 |
氢氧化钠 | - | - | 适量 | - | - |
纯化水 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 |
pH | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
表5(续)
成分和量(w/v%) | 配方11 | 配方12 | 配方13 |
3/2水合加替沙星 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 |
二水合磷酸二氢钠 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
黄原胶 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
氯化钠 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.55 |
乙二胺四乙酸钠 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
苯扎氯铵 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 |
甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯 | 0.05 | - | - |
丙基对羟基苯甲酸酯 | - | 0.02 | - |
聚维酮(Povidone)K-30 | - | - | 1 |
盐酸 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 |
纯化水 | 适量 | 适量 | 适量 |
pH | 6 | 6 | 6 |
对于黄原胶,使用Echogum T(Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co.,Ltd.生产)。
(测试程序)
(1)低温(4℃)储存测试
每种相应配方的含加替沙星眼药水的四个样品于4℃储存4周并且对样品的性状进行视觉观察。按照如下标准判断沉淀的形成且其中观察到外来不溶物的形成和性状变化的(+)样品数量被计数。
(2)冷冻和解冻测试
每种相应配方的含加替沙星眼药水的三个样品于-30℃冷冻。然后该样品储存于25℃使该样品解冻。这些冷冻-解冻程序重复十次并且在确定样品完全解冻后其性状被视觉观察。按照如下标准判断沉淀的形成且其中观察到外来不溶物的形成和性状变化的(+)样品数量被计数。
(沉淀形成的判断)
-:未观察到外来不溶物和性质改变。
+:检测到外来不溶物和性质改变。
(结果)
低温(4℃)储存测试的结果如表6所示。
表6
表7显示冷冻和解冻测试的结果。
表7
如以上结果所示,已发现该水性液体制剂在较低温度(4℃)储存期间和在冷冻和解冻时沉淀的形成可通过向含加替沙星的眼药水中添加烟酰胺、咖啡因、甲基葡糖胺和甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯来抑制。
如上所述,根据本发明,加替沙星的溶解度可被提高由此使得能够提供包含高浓度加替沙星或其药理学上可接受盐或其水合物的水性液体制剂,该制剂对眼睛有更少刺激且在中性pH区域清澈。另外,该水性液体制剂在较低温度储存期间和在冷冻和解冻时沉淀的形成可被抑制。
Claims (7)
1.包含0.65至2w/v%游离加替沙星计的加替沙星或其药理学上可接受盐或其水合物和至少0.5w/v%的至少一种选自磷酸、丙二酸、烟酰胺及其盐的成分的水性液体制剂,其中其pH为5.8至6.9。
2.权利要求1的水性液体制剂,其中该制剂还包含至少0.2w/v%氯化钠。
3.权利要求1或2的水性液体制剂,其中该制剂还包含至少一种选自烟酰胺、咖啡因、甲基葡糖胺和甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯的成分。
4.一种提高加替沙星在含加替沙星或其药理学上可接受盐或其水合物的水性液体制剂中溶解度的方法,该方法包括将至少0.5w/v%的至少一种选自磷酸、丙二酸、烟酰胺及其盐的成分加入至该水性液体制剂中并调节该制剂pH为5.8至6.9。
5.一种抑制在包含0.65至2w/v%游离加替沙星计的加替沙星或其药理学上可接受盐或其水合物的水性液体制剂冷冻和解冻期间沉淀形成的方法,该方法包括将至少0.5w/v%的至少一种选自磷酸、丙二酸、烟酰胺及其盐的成分和至少0.2w/v%氯化钠加入至该水性液体制剂中并调节该制剂pH为5.8至6.9。
6.一种抑制包含0.65至2w/v%游离加替沙星计的加替沙星或其药理学上可接受盐或其水合物、至少0.5w/v%的至少一种选自磷酸、丙二酸、烟酰胺及其盐的成分和至少0.2w/v%氯化钠的pH为5.8至6.9的水性液体制剂在低温储存期间和冷冻和解冻时沉淀形成的方法,该方法包括将至少一种选自烟酰胺、咖啡因、甲基葡糖胺和甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯的成分加入至该水性液体制剂中。
7.一种生产包含0.65至2w/v%游离加替沙星计的加替沙星或其药理学上可接受盐或其水合物的水性液体制剂的方法,该方法包括加入至少0.5w/v%的至少一种选自磷酸、丙二酸、烟酰胺及盐的成分并调节该制剂的pH为5.8至6.9。
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