CN102039884A - 液压防抱死制动装置 - Google Patents

液压防抱死制动装置 Download PDF

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CN102039884A
CN102039884A CN 201010571161 CN201010571161A CN102039884A CN 102039884 A CN102039884 A CN 102039884A CN 201010571161 CN201010571161 CN 201010571161 CN 201010571161 A CN201010571161 A CN 201010571161A CN 102039884 A CN102039884 A CN 102039884A
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valve
way valve
brake
brake cylinder
oil
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CN102039884B (zh
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窦兰梅
王星
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/12—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid
    • B60T13/14—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid using accumulators or reservoirs fed by pumps
    • B60T13/148—Arrangements for pressure supply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/12—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid
    • B60T13/14—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid using accumulators or reservoirs fed by pumps
    • B60T13/141—Systems with distributor valve
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
    • B60T17/02—Arrangements of pumps or compressors, or control devices therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
    • B60T17/04—Arrangements of piping, valves in the piping, e.g. cut-off valves, couplings or air hoses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/321—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration deceleration
    • B60T8/3295—Systems in which there is a pulsating signal superposed on the command signal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F16D65/16—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
    • F16D65/18—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F16D65/16—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
    • F16D65/22—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for pressing members apart, e.g. for drum brakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/341—Systems characterised by their valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/02—Fluid pressure
    • F16D2121/04—Fluid pressure acting on a piston-type actuator, e.g. for liquid pressure

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种液压防抱死制动装置，具有装有液压油的油箱、泵电机组、单向阀、先导式溢流阀、手动二位三通阀、可调节流阀、高压进油管和回油管，其中：所述高压进油管和回油管连接互负反馈液控二位四通阀，互负反馈液控二位四通阀连接制动油缸，制动油缸连接有磨擦片；所述互负反馈液控二位四通阀的内腔两端设有与阀芯腔相连通的快跳阀孔，快跳阀位于快跳阀孔内，所述制动油缸内腔的两端设有反馈槽，反馈槽通过油道连通快跳阀孔。与现有技术相比，其由冲击力作功代替摩擦力作功，刹车片制动频率300次/秒以上，实现了冲击力作功，减小了惯性力，刹车不会被锁死，大大缩短制动距离，有效避免紧急刹车时方向失控及侧滑，保证了行驶的安全。

Description

液压防抱死制动装置
技术领域
本发明属于机动车制动装置，具体涉及一种液压控制的液压防抱死制动装置。
背景技术
防抱死制动装置，是在车辆制动时，能够防止车轮完全抱死而失去控制的装置。目前新开发的汽车，一般都已装有这种装置。在制动时，通常由于种种因素，四个车轮的制动效能不一致，发生部分车轮抱死，从而出现跑偏、失控和侧滑等等现象。特别是在高速行驶紧急制动时，往往因某个车轮抱死而失去控制，导致严重的伤亡事故。因此，人们开发了防抱死制动装置。其主要的目的，就是使四个车轮制动器都能发挥其最大的制动效能，而又不会抱死，从而缩短制动距离，并提高操纵稳定性。防抱死制动装置包括传感器、控制器、和调节器。控制器和调节器一般是微处理机。当驾驶员踩制动踏板时，制动总泵根据踏板力的大小输出一定的液压给分泵。装在车轮上的传感器监测着车轮转动角速度的变化，并立即将信息传给控制器，控制器一旦发现角速度出现较大的变化，便发出指令给调节器，调节车轮制动器油缸的制动压力。即当车轮快要抱死的时候，减少制动压力，使车轮处于似停非停，又滚又滑的状态，与路面的摩擦力始终接近最大静摩擦力，然后，再增加制动压力，直到车轮快要抱死再减压。每秒钟可如此反复约十次。这样，一方面可以得到最大的制动效能，一方面又能避免车轮抱死而失去控制。防抱死制动装置在汽车上应用以后，效果很好，特别是在易滑的冰雪路面上，效果显著，平均可缩短制动距离20-30％，大大提高了汽车的安全性能。电子式ABS的体积大，而成品车不一定有足够的空间安装电子ABS，电子式ABS是在车轮锁死的刹那开始作用，每秒钟作用6～12次，增加点刹的频率，使刹车的制动力更线性，刹车更平稳，可减少刹车距离，但现有技术中点刹的频率是靠电磁阀进行换向来实现的，由于电磁阀中线圈的响应速度决定了点刹的频率无法再提高，因此也决定了现有的刹车结构不可能大幅度缩短制动距离。
发明内容
为解决现有技术存在的上述缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种结构紧凑，制动平稳，缩短刹车距离的液压防抱死制动装置。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：该液压防抱死制动装置，具有装有液压油的油箱、泵电机组、单向阀、先导式溢流阀、手动二位三通阀、可调节流阀、高压进油管和回油管，其特征在于：所述高压进油管和回油管连接互负反馈液控二位四通阀，互负反馈液控二位四通阀连接制动油缸，制动油缸连接有磨擦片；所述互负反馈液控二位四通阀的内腔两端设有与阀芯腔相连通的快跳阀孔，快跳阀位于快跳阀孔内，所述制动油缸内腔的两端设有反馈槽，反馈槽通过油道连通快跳阀孔。
所述制动油缸为两个，且相对设置。
所述单向阀的输出端并联有液控二位三通阀，液控二位三通阀的输出端设有手动二位三通阀，手动二位三通阀的输出端设有制动油缸，制动油缸连接有张紧式驻车制动刹车片。
所述单向阀的输出端并联有蓄能器。
采用上述技术方案的有益效果：该液压防抱死制动装置的动力元件由油箱、泵电机组、先导式溢流阀、手动二位三通阀、可调节流阀组成，动力元件的进油管与互负反馈液控二位四通阀相连通，互负反馈液控二位四通阀连接制动油缸，制动油缸连接有磨擦片，互负反馈液控二位四通阀两端设有两个快跳阀，快跳阀可推动液控二位四通阀的阀芯住复动作，从而调整与制动油缸油路的连接，实现制动油缸的活塞杆作直线往复运动，带动磨擦片与汽车刹车轮鼓或碟片快速接触，实现制动。通过调节可调节流阀的流量，并通过制动油缸与互负反馈液控二位四通阀的互负反馈，并通过可调节流阀来调整负反馈油缸的活塞杆的换向频率。制动油缸的油路响应速度可达1250-1350m/s，可实现300次/秒的制动频率，相当于不停地刹车、放松。该防抱死制动装置利用冲击力作功，取代传统的摩擦力作功，由能量守恒公式1/2MV2＝10FS可知，当V2一定时，制动力F越大，制动距离S则愈短，由物理学可知，冲击力是摩擦力的20～200倍，由此可知，由冲击力作功来代替摩擦力作功，可大大缩短制动距离，由制动力曲线可知，摩擦力制动是由两条直线构成，即为减速初期的速度陡降的陡直线和后期的斜率较小的斜直线，在减速初期加速度-a大，造成转动惯性力大，制动频率在300次/秒的制动频率，实现了冲击力作功，此时制动曲线是一条斜率较小的斜直线，加速度-a较小，惯性力小，大大缩短了制动距离。因此，该防抱死制动装置能避免在紧急刹车时方向失控及车轮侧滑，使车轮在刹车时不被锁死，不让轮胎在一个点上与地面摩擦，从而加大磨擦力，使刹车效率达到98％以上，保证了刹车的安全，同时还能减少刹车消耗，延长刹车轮鼓、碟片和轮胎二倍以上的使用寿命。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施例作进一步详细的说明。
图1为本发明液压防抱死制动装置的结构示意图。
图2为可用于盘式碟刹的防抱死制动装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示的液压防抱死制动装置，主要用于鼓式刹车系统，具有装有液压油的油箱1、泵电机组3、单向阀5、先导式溢流阀6、手动二位三通阀7、可调节流阀8、高压进油管9和回油管25。油箱1内设有隔板2，将油箱下部空间隔成两部分，以便回油管输出的液压油进行沉淀，泵电机组3的入口位于隔板一侧油箱内，泵电机组3的输出管连接有单向阀5，单向阀5连接先导式溢流阀6和手动二位三通阀7，先导式溢流阀6的出口连通油箱1，手动二位三通阀7的出口连接可调节流阀8，与可调节流阀8连接的高压进油管9输出高压油，回油管25的管道上设有细滤器4，回油管25出口位于油箱隔板的另一侧油箱内。所述单向阀的输出端并联有蓄能器32，能够保持高压进油管9内的压力且使压力平稳。所述高压进油管9和回油管25连接互负反馈液控二位四通阀11，互负反馈液控二位四通阀11连接制动油缸19，制动油缸19连接有磨擦片22。互负反馈液控二位四通阀具有阀体11，阀体11内设有阀芯腔，阀芯13位于阀芯腔内，阀体11上设有高压动油进油P口和高压动油回油O口，高压动油进油P口与高压进油管9相连通，高压动油回油O口与回油管25相连通，互负反馈液控二位四通阀的阀芯腔两端的内壁上轴向方向上设有回油槽14，使阀芯13在位于阀芯腔的一侧位置时保持阀芯端部的阀芯腔与回油管相连通，减小阀芯换向时的运动阻力，位于阀芯腔两端的阀体上分别设有与阀芯腔相连通的快跳阀孔10、17，快跳阀12、16位于快跳阀孔10、17内；制动油缸19由活塞20分为无活塞杆腔与有活塞杆腔，制动油缸19内腔两端设有上负反馈槽18和下负反馈槽21，上负反馈槽18与互负反馈液控二位四通阀11的快跳阀孔17相连通，下负反馈槽21连通有控制油道24，控制油道24的出口连通互负反馈液控二位四通阀11的快跳阀孔10，无活塞杆腔上端侧部连通油缸上腔通道15，油缸上腔通道15的另一端连通液控二位四通阀A口，有活塞杆腔下端侧部连通油缸下腔通道23，油缸下腔通道23的另一端连通互负反馈液控二位四通阀11的B口。如图2所示的液压防抱死制动装置，主要用于盘式刹车系统。所述互负反馈液控二位四通阀11连接两个制动油缸19、26，该两个制动油缸19、26相对设置，制动油缸19、26分别连接有摩擦片22、27，在制动油缸19、26的驱动下，带动两摩擦片22、27同时往复运动，对盘片快速抱紧、松开实现点刹。作为进一步的改进，在单向阀5的输出端并联有液控二位三通阀28，液控二位三通阀28的输出端设有手动二位三通阀29，手动二位三通阀29的输出端设有制动油缸30，制动油缸30的有活塞杆腔内设有弹簧31，制动油缸连接有张紧式驻车制动刹车片。当液压系统中压力不够时，行车制动系统无法正常工作，出现刹车失效的危险情况，此时液压油无法正常开启液控二位三通阀28，液压油通过液控二位三通阀28的回油口直接流至油箱，故制动油缸30无法启动，在制动油缸30内的弹簧的作用下使张紧式驻车制动刹车片抱死汽车车轮毂或刹车盘片，实现制动，确保行驶安全。当液压系统压力增到正常压力时，制动油缸30动作，克服弹簧的压力，制动解除，车辆方可正常行驶。

Claims (5)

1.一种液压防抱死制动装置，具有装有液压油的油箱、泵电机组、单向阀、先导式溢流阀、手动二位三通阀、可调节流阀、高压进油管和回油管，其特征在于：所述高压进油管和回油管连接互负反馈液控二位四通阀，互负反馈液控二位四通阀连接制动油缸，制动油缸连接有磨擦片；所述互负反馈液控二位四通阀的内腔两端设有与阀芯腔相连通的快跳阀孔，快跳阀位于快跳阀孔内，所述制动油缸内腔的两端设有反馈槽，反馈槽通过油道连通快跳阀孔。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液压防抱死制动装置，其特征在于：所述制动油缸为两个，且相对设置。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的液压防抱死制动装置，其特征在于：所述单向阀的输出端并联有液控二位三通阀，液控二位三通阀的输出端设有手动二位三通阀，手动二位三通阀的输出端设有制动油缸，制动油缸连接有张紧式驻车制动刹车片。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的液压防抱死制动装置，其特征在于：所述单向阀的输出端并联有蓄能器。
5.根据权利要求3所述的液压防抱死制动装置，其特征在于：所述单向阀的输出端并联有蓄能器。
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