CN102028042B - Method and equipment for preparing tea seed oil from tea seeds and extracting tea polyphenol from byproduct tea seed cake - Google Patents
Method and equipment for preparing tea seed oil from tea seeds and extracting tea polyphenol from byproduct tea seed cake Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and equipment for preparing tea seed oil from tea seeds and extracting tea polyphenol from a byproduct tea seed cake. The method comprises the following steps of: screening; drying; husking, crushing, separating and grinding the tea seeds to obtain tea seed powder; cooking tea seed powder; wrapping a cake; squeezing a tea cake into tea seed oil and the byproduct tea seed cake; and extracting tea polyphenol and saponin from the byproduct tea seed cake. The method is characterized in that: petroleum ether or No.6 solvent oil is used for soaking the tea seed cake so as to obtain a tea seed oil product; and a degreased tea seed cake is extracted by using solution of methanol or ethanol, concentrated solution is extracted by using ethyl acetate, extract liquor is evaporated and the solvent is recycled so as to obtain a tea polyphenol product. A piece of special equipment comprises a drier, a husking machine, a cooking machine, a squeezer and a tea seed cake grinder. Good separation of kernels from shells is achieved by a special husking machine and the cooking degree of the tea seed powder can be controlled well by a special cooking machine. A special tea seed cake grinder is used, so that grinding efficiency is higher and the service life of the equipment is prolonged.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the method and apparatus field that tea seed prepares tea-seed oil and by product and extract thereof, especially belong to a kind of tea seed and prepare the method that tea-seed oil, by product tea waste and by product tea waste extract tea-polyphenol, and the specific equipment that in these preparations, adopts.
Background technology:
Tea oil tree is China distinctive woody edible oil material seeds, also is one of four large woody edible oil source seeds in the world.Tea-seed oil is " uniquely can compare favourably with sweet oil, in the world one of the most healthy edible oil ".The tea seed contains grease 26%～39%, and according to rough Statistics, the annual production of present national tea seed is about 1,200,000 tons, but produces only 15～180,000 tons of hair tea-seed oils per year.The camellia seed oil process for processing has two large techniques, and one is squeezing process, and two is extract technology.The rear tea seed cake of oil, tea waste are got in now widely used squeezing, and resid amount is generally 5%～9%.And at present tea seed (the following tea seed that claims) prepare the method for tea-seed oil and by product tea waste extraction tea-polyphenol, saponin method and the equipment that wherein will use as follows:
1) screening: tea seed will carry out the screening of tea seed fresh fruit before process for processing, screen available blower and artificial screening and combine, and removes impurity during screening, damages by worms and mould decayed fruit.
2) oven dry: the tea seed fresh fruit enters baking operation through after drying screening, and the baking room temperature is controlled at about 100 degree, and the length of drying time will be decided according to the raw material humidity, and dryness fraction can be come out of the stove after reaching 98%, enters the following broken program of peeling off.
3) peel off broken apart, pulverize out the tea seed powder: the tea seed of coming out of the stove after cooling, the fragmentation of can peeling off, the broken available decorticator of peeling off reaches benevolence, shell separates, and then camellia seed kernel is ground into the tea seed powder.One is disc type, toothed roller type, paddle type mill etc. for the decorticator that present China commonly uses, and these several decorticator volumes are large, and structure is complicated, and power consumption is more greatly that tooling cost is higher.Because tea seed is much bigger than the shell flintiness of other conventional oilseeds, and size is generally also inhomogeneous, utilizes the existing decorticator of existing market to peel off, and hulling rate and follow-up benevolence, shell separating effect are all not ideal enough.The used pulverizer of pulverising step is existing installation.
4) tea seed powder boiling: the tea seed powder of the pulverizing food steamer of packing into is carried out boiling, after boiling is well-done, can wrap cake.The boiling of tea seed powder, to destroy the free radical in the tea seed powder, tea-seed oil is easily squeezed out, but present tea seed powder steaming plant does not have temperature regulating device, can not guarantee the boiling under best boiling temperature of tea seed powder, cause local superheating, thereby cause the tea seed powder not high by the oil yield that oily crusher presses into tea-seed oil, and wasted a large amount of excessive heat and waste energy.
5) bag cake: the tea seed powder that cooks is inserted the iron ring of having got ready be bundled into pie, put into squeezing machine and squeeze.
6) tea cake squeezing: after the tea cake was filled squeezing machine, the squeezing of can driving was at first driven low pressure valve and is squeezed during squeezing, when the full lattice of low pressure valve stroke, get final product the opening high pressure valve, want order progressive during squeezing, according to the continuous supercharging of fuel-displaced situation, top pressure can reach more than 100 tons.The squeezing of tea cake obtains tea-seed oil, and squeezing by product tea waste.
7) the by product tea waste extracts the products such as tea-polyphenol, saponin: contain tea-polyphenol, saponin about 10%～15% in the by product tea waste of tea cake after oil expression, the tea waste after the oil expression is the optimum feed stock of extracting tea-polyphenol, saponin.Tea saponin is a class glycoside compounds, basic structure by triterpenoid saponin, structure sugar, structure is sour forms, and is a kind of good surface promoting agent of natural non-ionic type, has the kinds of surface activity such as emulsification, dispersion, moistening, foaming and steady bubble.When pressing into tea-seed oil by oily crusher, the tea seed stayed numerous tea waste, these tea waste can extract tea-polyphenol, saponin etc., but tea seed cake is block object, must pulverize and to use, and the pulverizer that uses at present mostly is the broken formula structure of hammer sieve formula or dragon, their disadvantage is after comminuting matter enters body, no matter the pulverized particles size is all from discharge hole for discharge, also no matter granular size is also carried out repetitious hammering sometimes, mill is pressed, must need larger power like this, the loss mass energy; Secondly, existing hammer crusher is in pulverizing running work, under the powerful running dynamic action of hammer leaf, the part comminuting matter is often occurred by the opening for feed phenomenon that of getting rid of outward, choke, the particle that throws away is large, as easy as rolling off a logly injures operator, if fine particle vomits, the dust concentration of workplace increases, and Working environment will be very abominable.
The pharmacological actions such as in addition impervious, the anti-inflammatory of tea-polyphenol, saponin, analgesia, and sterilizing pesticide is arranged and stimulate the function of certain plants growth.Therefore, tea saponin is widely used in the industries such as daily-use chemical industry, weaving, medicine, agricultural chemicals, foodstuffs industry and building, and potentiality to be exploited is very large, and estimation can be developed 180 multiple products.Extract the remaining dregs of rice of tea saponin, contained more rich protein, starch and xylogen, mineral element, slightly done processing and namely can be used as fowl, poultry, fish meal, realized appreciating and enlarging of the remaining dregs of rice.
Therefore, squeezing is got the extraction of the Residual oil of tea waste and tea-polyphenol behind the oil, saponin and can avoid the waste of resource, have great importance for improving added value.
At present, conventional tea-polyphenol, saponin extracting method are water extraction methods, and the resulting tea-polyphenol of this method, saponin purity are low, containing water-soluble impurity is many, brown color, water makes much starch gelatinization, the protein colloid in the tea seed in leaching process, causes the solid-liquid separation difficulty, and the product water-absorbent is very strong, toughness requires drying temperature high, tends to make tea-polyphenol, the rotten decomposition of saponin, color burn is used this method poor effect.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of from tea seed tea-seed oil processed and by product tea waste extraction tea-polyphenol method and apparatus, can obtain well tea-seed oil by method of the present invention, and from by product tea waste extraction tea-polyphenol, saponin, adopt used specific equipment among the preparation technology of the present invention, so that preparation technology of the present invention more easily realizes, and can obtain the tea-seed oil of high yield.
(1) the object of the present invention is achieved like this: described tea seed tea-seed oil processed and by product tea waste extract the tea-polyphenol method, comprise as follows: 1) screening: tea seed will carry out the screening of tea seed fresh fruit before process for processing, screen available blower and artificial screening and combine, remove impurity during screening, damage by worms and mould decayed fruit;
2) oven dry: the tea seed fresh fruit enters baking operation through after drying screening, and the baking room temperature is controlled at about 100 degree, and the length of drying time will be decided according to the raw material humidity, and dryness fraction can be come out of the stove after reaching 98%, enters the following broken program of peeling off;
3) peel off broken apart, pulverize out the tea seed powder: the tea seed of coming out of the stove after cooling, the fragmentation of can peeling off, the broken available decorticator of peeling off reaches benevolence, shell separates, and then camellia seed kernel is ground into the tea seed powder;
4) tea seed powder boiling: pack into food steamer or steaming cylinder of the tea seed powder of pulverizing carried out boiling, after boiling is well-done, can wrap cake;
5) bag cake: the tea seed powder that cooks is inserted the iron ring of having got ready be bundled into pie, put into squeezing machine and squeeze;
6) tea cake squeezing: after the tea cake was filled squeezing machine, the squeezing of can driving was at first driven low pressure valve and is squeezed during squeezing, when the full lattice of low pressure valve stroke, get final product the opening high pressure valve, want order progressive during squeezing, according to the continuous supercharging of fuel-displaced situation, top pressure can reach more than 100 tons.The squeezing of tea cake obtains tea-seed oil, and squeezing by product tea waste;
7) the by product tea waste extracts the products such as tea-polyphenol, saponin, comprises that tea waste shatters, above-mentioned step 1)-6) be the routine techniques in existing field, it is characterized in that:
A) tea waste is ground into 20～80 order powder, add sherwood oil or No. 6 solvent oils, the weightmeasurement ratio that makes raw material and solvent is 1: 4～10,50～80 ℃ of lower continuous extraction 1～6 hour, filter, filtrate obtains the lixiviate crude oil after solvent is reclaimed in evaporation, the lixiviate crude oil with 70%～90% ethanolic soln washing 2～3 times, obtains the product tea-seed oil again;
B) with above-mentioned through steps A) tea waste powder after the degreasing adds 60%～90% methyl alcohol or ethanolic soln, the weightmeasurement ratio that makes raw material and solvent is 1: 4～10,40～70 ℃ of lower lixiviates 1～2 time, each 1～4 hour, filter, merge vat liquor, vat liquor obtains concentrated solution after solvent is reclaimed in evaporation, concentrated solution is with 1～3 times ethyl acetate extraction 2～4 times, combined ethyl acetate extraction liquid, acetic acid ethyl acetate extract is after solvent is reclaimed in evaporation, and vacuum-drying obtains the product polyphenol.
C) with above-mentioned steps B) ethyl acetate extraction after remaining concentrated solution add 0.5%～1%H
2O
2The processing of decolouring, after 1 hour, vacuum or spraying drying obtain the product tea saponin at 60 ℃ of lower stirring reactions.
(2) the object of the present invention is achieved like this: tea seed of the present invention tea-seed oil processed and by product tea waste extract used specific equipment in the tea-polyphenol method, comprise that dryer, decorticator, cooking machine and squeezing machine and tea waste shatter machine, its constructional feature is 1) described decorticator, comprise power system, transmission rig, blower fan, crust breaking impeller and opening for feed, it is characterized in that the external hopper of opening for feed; Connect the lateral separation platform of an arranged transversely at the air outlet of blower fan, lateral separation platform tail end is connected with vertical separator column, and the outlet of vertical separator column is for going out faucal; Base plate at the lateral separation platform is provided with obliquely guide vane; The base plate that is positioned under the guide vane back side obliquely at the lateral separation platform is provided with discharge port, and uncovered below the lateral separation platform after being positioned at discharge port faces a mobile material-conveying belt; Described material-conveying belt is driven through transmission rig by power system and drives transmission; The travel direction of described material-conveying belt is to move towards the discharge port direction.
Above-mentioned decorticator is characterized in that the base plate that is positioned at middle part or middle front part at the lateral separation platform is provided with obliquely guide vane, and correspondingly the top board at the lateral separation platform that is positioned at middle part or middle front part is provided with oblique lower guide vane.
Above-mentioned decorticator is characterized in that at uncovered under the postmedian position of lateral separation platform and is adjacent the material-conveying belt that connects being airtight the connection or almost airtight connection respectively with between the external world.
Above-mentioned decorticator is characterized in that connecing a sweep-up pipe in the discharge port position, and described sweep-up pipe one terminates in the opening for feed place or near its position of blower fan, and the other end of sweep-up pipe is facing to the discharge port setting.
Above-mentioned decorticator is characterized in that between the external dedusting buffering of faucal.
2) described cooking machine, comprise the steaming cylinder, the top of steaming cylinder is provided with opening for feed, be provided with steam heater in steaming cylinder bottom, in the steaming cylinder on steam heater top, be provided with the steaming net of porous, the hole of the steam-energy of steam heater through steaming net is opposite to the online tea seed powder of steaming and carries out hot digestion, be provided with discharge port at the steaming cylinder sidewall that is positioned at steaming the net parallel position, it is characterized in that in the steaming cylinder, being provided with whipping appts, upper, middle and lower position in the steaming cylinder respectively is provided with temperature sensor, described steam heater is the spiral coil of the logical steam of within, spiral coil is provided with facing to the logical steam vent that steams net, be provided with into steam port at the bottom of steaming cylinder sidewall and be connected temperature sensor external temperature controller with the spiral coil of steam heater.
3) described tea waste shatters machine, comprise power system, transmission rig and body, body is provided with opening for feed, the body inner chamber is equipped with the hammer leaf that can rotate, hammer leaf drives by power system, transmission rig and rotates, below being positioned at hammer leaf, be provided with discharge port, it is characterized in that the periphery of described hammer leaf is provided with tup; Be positioned at hammer leaf above or/and the side is provided with anti-hammer leaf; Between the tup on anti-hammer leaf and the hammer leaf, be provided with distance, between discharge port and hammer leaf, locate to be provided with screen cloth.
Above-mentioned tea waste shatters machine, it is characterized in that anti-hammer leaf connects one and regulates inter space device.
Above-mentioned tea waste shatters machine, it is characterized in that being provided with the anti-back sheet at the opening for feed place or near in the body inner chamber at opening for feed place, and the top of anti-back sheet is connected on the inner cavity top of body.
Above-mentioned tea waste shatters machine, it is characterized in that described adjusting inter space device comprises swing arm and guiding governor lever, swing arm one end is rotatably connected on the internal valve of body, the swing arm the other end is connected with anti-hammer leaf, and guiding governor lever one end is connected on the swing arm, the other end passes behind the through hole that the body corresponding position has spacing by nut.
Advantage of the present invention:
1) the used decorticator of the present invention is that existing blower fan structure is improved, blower fan blast inlet wherein is transformed into opening for feed, the external loading hopper of opening for feed, thereby make things convenient for charging, the fan blade of blower fan makes the crust breaking impeller into, the function that the crust breaking impeller has the original fan blade of blower fan has again the crust breaking function, thereby fan improvement becomes not only to have the blower fan function but also have the function of peeling off; The lateral separation platform that connects an arranged transversely at the air outlet of blower fan, lateral separation platform tail end is connected with vertical separator column, the outlet of vertical separator column is for going out faucal, the present invention utilizes the lateral separation platform and vertical separator column is arranged, and makes the different Renhe shell of proportion reach effective separation by wind effect; The base plate that is positioned at middle part or middle front part at the lateral separation platform is provided with obliquely guide vane, correspondingly can be provided with oblique lower guide vane at the lateral separation platform top board that is positioned at middle part or middle front part, guide vane and oblique lower guide vane all have blower fan wind are not out directly blown facing to discharge port obliquely, only blow unsegregated shell and the benevolence of lateral separation platform, the benevolence that discharge port has been separated keeps cleaner; Under the rear positions of the discharge port that is positioned at the lateral separation platform, face a mobile material-conveying belt, face on the mobile material-conveying belt so that strike under benevolence separately, the shell mixture blows to the lateral separation platform through air outlet the postmedian position through the crust breaking impeller of blower fan, and also drop on material-conveying belt from the benevolence that vertical separator column falls, move to discharge port by material-conveying belt, make things convenient for discharging; Also can connect in the discharge port position sweep-up pipe, the dust that exists in the material that discharge port is gone out is sucked blower fan by sweep-up pipe through opening for feed; Go out faucal can be external between dedusting buffering, be convenient to shell and dust to reach dedusting in this sedimentation, have the environmental protection characteristics.
2) the used cooking machine of the present invention, owing to whipping appts being installed and in the upper, middle and lower position of steaming cylinder temperature sensor being installed respectively in the steaming cylinder in tea seed tea-seed oil processed and by product tea waste extraction tea-polyphenol, saponin method and apparatus, the boiling temperature of the tea seed powder by the upper, middle and lower position in the temperature sensor monitors steaming cylinder, so that its best remains on 70 ℃ of lower boilings, obtained best oily expressed oil rate.The characteristics such as the present invention has simple in structure, and is durable, easy to use.
3) the used tea waste of the present invention shatters machine, because above hammer leaf or/side is provided with anti-hammer leaf, thereby make hammer leaf, materials such as tea seed cake, tea waste of the common hammering of anti-hammer leaf, can also make material between hammer leaf, anti-hammer leaf, grind pressure, thereby reach better hammering, mill pressure effect, make uniform particles; The present invention also is provided with screen cloth being located between discharge port below the hammer leaf and the hammer leaf, carry out discharging by screen filtration, make meet fineness requirement particle from screen cloth through discharge hole for discharge, the particle that does not sift out is taken the mill pressure of carrying out again with anti-hammer leaf out of by whirlwind or the tup on the hammer leaf of hammer leaf rotation, reaches the particle that meets fineness requirement and sifts out discharging.The present invention also can be provided with the anti-back sheet at the opening for feed place or near in the body inner chamber at opening for feed place, and the top of anti-back sheet can be connected on the body inner cavity top, reaches to prevent that the part comminuting matter from getting rid of, choking outside opening for feed.The characteristics such as the present invention has simple in structure, and is durable, easy to use.
4) method of extracting tea-seed oil, tea-polyphenol and tea saponin from tea waste of the present invention owing to being with sherwood oil or No. 6 solvent oil lixiviate tea waste at first, after solvent is reclaimed in the vat liquor evaporation, obtains the tea-seed oil product; Next is to extract the degreasing tea waste with methyl alcohol or ethanolic soln, and after solvent was reclaimed in the extracting solution evaporation, the concentrated solution ethyl acetate extraction after solvent is reclaimed in the extraction liquid evaporation, obtained the tea-polyphenol product; The 3rd is that the concentrated solution behind the ethyl acetate extraction is added the H2O2 processing of decolouring, and obtains the tea saponin product after the concentrated solution drying after the decolouring.Technique of the present invention is simple, and is easy to operate, and production cost is low, and solvent is recyclable to be reused, and can obtain three kinds of products such as tea-seed oil, tea-polyphenol and tea saponin.
Description of drawings:
Figure 1A is the surface structure schematic diagram of decorticator of the present invention.
Fig. 2 A is the sectional view of Fig. 1.
Among the figure: opening for feed 1A, hopper 2A, crust breaking impeller 3A, lateral separation platform 4A, vertical separator column 5A, go out faucal 6A, guide vane 7A obliquely, oblique lower guide vane 8A, discharge port 9A, material-conveying belt 10A, front wheel 11A, rear roller 12A, sweep-up pipe 13A, blower fan 14A, 15A between the dedusting buffering.
Figure 1B is the structural representation of cooking machine of the present invention.
Fig. 2 B is that the steam heater among Figure 1B of the present invention adopts the inner structural representation that can lead to the spiral coil of steam.
Among the figure: steaming cylinder 1B, opening for feed 2B, steam heater 3B steams net 4B, discharge port 5B, whipping appts 6B, temperature sensor 7B, logical steam vent 8B advances steam port 9B, temperature regulator 10B.
Fig. 1 C is the structural representation that tea waste of the present invention shatters machine.
Fig. 2 C is the structural representation of the screen cloth among Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 C is the plan structure schematic diagram of Fig. 2.
Among the figure: body 1C, opening for feed 2C, hammer leaf 3C, tup 4C, anti-hammer leaf 5C, swing arm 6C, guiding governor lever 7C, discharge port 8C, screen cloth 9C, anti-back sheet 10C, nut 11C.
Embodiment:
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples:
Embodiment one
(1) tea seed of the present invention tea-seed oil processed and by product tea waste extract used specific equipment in tea-polyphenol, the saponin method, comprise that dryer, decorticator, cooking machine and squeezing machine and tea waste shatter machine, and its constructional feature is as follows:
1) such as Figure 1A, shown in Fig. 2 A, decorticator of the present invention, comprise power system, transmission rig and electric control system, power system can adopt motor as power system, certainly also can adopt other power as power system, transmission rig is prior art, characteristics of the present invention are that existing blower fan structure is improved, the blast inlet of blower fan wherein is transformed into opening for feed 1A, the external hopper 2A of opening for feed, thereby make things convenient for charging, the fan blade of blower fan makes crust breaking impeller 3A into, the crust breaking impeller had not only had the air blast function of the original fan blade of blower fan but also the tea seed function of peeling off had been arranged, the present invention also can be applicable to other has benevolence to have the band husk as raw material benevolence shell of shell to separate application, the shape of crust breaking impeller is seen Fig. 2, the lateral separation platform 4A that connects an arranged transversely at the air outlet of blower fan, lateral separation platform 4A tail end is connected with vertical separator column 5A, the outlet of vertical separator column 5A is for going out faucal 6A, the lateral separation platform 4A here generally is horizontally disposed with, more askew or more all be to belong to protection scope of the present invention when certainly arranging, in like manner vertical separator column 5A generally is vertical setting, and is more askew or more all be to belong to protection scope of the present invention when certainly arranging; The base plate that is positioned at middle part or middle front part at lateral separation platform 4A is provided with obliquely guide vane 7A, correspondingly can be provided with oblique lower guide vane 8A at the top board of the lateral separation platform that is positioned at middle part or middle front part, obliquely guide vane 7A and oblique lower guide vane 8A all have make blower fan out wind guiding and directly do not blow facing to discharge port, only blow the unsegregated shell and the benevolence that are positioned at the discharge port back of lateral separation platform 4A, the benevolence that discharge port has been separated keeps cleaner, the base plate that is positioned under the guide vane 7A back side obliquely at lateral separation platform 4A is provided with discharge port 9A, be provided with below the lateral separation platform 4A after being positioned at discharge port 9A uncovered (being elongated opening), uncoveredly face a mobile material-conveying belt 10A, so that the benevolence of knocking open through the crust breaking impeller of blower fan, the shell mixture blows to through air outlet under the postmedian position of lateral separation platform 4A on the uncovered mobile material-conveying belt 10A that faces, this moment, most benevolence dropped on the material-conveying belt through separation, the benevolence of small portion and shell enter vertical separator column 5A to be separated, benevolence after the separation or broken benevolence also fall into material-conveying belt and are transported to discharge port and carry out discharging, described material-conveying belt 10A can be arranged on uncovered in or uncovered slightly upper/lower positions all can, but the uncovered and adjacent material-conveying belt 10A under the postmedian position of lateral separation platform 4A is in the more airtight or airtight peripheral space, can adopt canvas etc. to be isolated from the outside but will guarantee material-conveying belt 10A in uncovered or uncovered slightly upper/lower positions place moves, that is to say, uncovered under the postmedian position of lateral separation platform 4A and be adjacent the material-conveying belt 10A that connects and the external world isolates preferably or almost isolation, so that run off in the slit that wind-force is difficult for from here, make on the one hand wind power energy go out faucal out from vertical separator column 5, reach best benevolence shell separation and can save wind energy again, can prevent also that on the other hand dust from flying out from above-mentioned slit, removes contaminate environment from.Described material-conveying belt is driven through transmission rig by motor and transmits, transmission rig comprises front wheel 11 and rear roller 12, roller can adopt chain type roller or running roller all can, material-conveying belt places on the front and rear rolling wheel, driving roller by motor through transmission rig moves material-conveying belt, described material-conveying belt is to move towards discharge port to see the direction of arrow among the figure, the Renhe shell separates reaching preferably by wind-force when mobile facing the wind to discharge port, benevolence after the separation is delivered to through material-conveying belt and is positioned at obliquely set discharge hole for discharge under the guide vane 7A back side, roller also can adopt the structure of all prior aries, as long as the material-conveying belt that can drive on it moves, material-conveying belt can adopt the larger material of frictional force to make, such as the nylon canvas class, the soft plastics dry goods, polyethylene canvas class etc.; For environmental protection, sweep-up pipe 13A can be set, one sweep-up pipe 13A one terminates to the opening for feed 1A place of blower fan or near it on position (particular location is advisable to reach easy for installation), the other end of sweep-up pipe 13A is to arrange facing to discharge port 9A, can get well near the nearlyer pick-up performance of discharge port 9A, but avoid hindering discharging, the dust that exists in the material that discharge port 9A goes out like this by sweep-up pipe 13A in opening for feed 1A sucks blower fan 14A, again through lateral separation platform 4A and vertical separator column 5A from go out faucal blow to a dedusting external with going out faucal cushion between the 15A, carry out sedimentation, reach dedusting.
When the present invention works, the tea seed is poured into from hopper, opening for feed 1A through blower fan 14A enters blower fan, the rotation crust breaking of crust breaking impeller 3A by blower fan 14A, reach shell and benevolence strip off, component effect by blower fan, being blown into lateral separation platform 4A separates, reaching most Renhe shell separates, the benevolence of separating is transported to discharge hole for discharge through material-conveying belt, shell fully separates through vertical separator column 5A with remaining unsegregated benevolence, makes benevolence also fall into material-conveying belt through carrying from discharge hole for discharge, reaches benevolence nuclear and separates fully.Shell can be used as fuel and uses from going out the faucal discharging, and it can cushion sedimentation among the 15A first between a dedusting buffering, avoid dust from flying.
The present invention does not state part and is prior art, such as: the above-mentioned electric control system of not stating is prior art.
2) shown in Figure 1B and Fig. 2 B, cooking machine of the present invention, comprise steaming cylinder 1B, the top of steaming cylinder 1B is provided with opening for feed 2B and is used to into the tea seed powder, be provided with steam heater 3B in steaming cylinder 1B bottom, in the steaming cylinder on steam heater top, be provided with and steam net 4B, the steaming net is porous, the hole of the steam of steam heater 3B through steaming net 4B is opposite to the online tea seed powder of steaming and carries out hot digestion, sidewall at steaming cylinder 1B (preferably be positioned at and steaming on the net parallel position a bit) is provided with discharge port 5B, its constructional feature is for being provided with whipping appts 6B in steaming cylinder 1B, whipping appts 6B comprises impeller, rotation axis and electric motor, the rotation axis that motor drives is provided with impeller rotates and the impeller rotation, reach and stir tea seed powder purpose, upper, middle and lower position in steaming cylinder 1B respectively is provided with temperature sensor 7B, described steam heater can lead to for inside the spiral coil of steam, thermal insulation layer is arranged below the spiral coil, spiral coil is provided with logical steam vent 8B, the steam port 9B that advances that is provided with at the bottom of steaming cylinder sidewall is connected with the spiral coil of steam heater, temperature sensor external temperature controller 10B, when temperature sensor senses is higher than set(ting)value to the tea seed powder temperature in the steaming cylinder, make temperature regulator work, temperature regulator can comprise warning howler, microprocessor, manual steam switch and electric steam switch, temperature regulator can pass through an alarm equipment alarm on the one hand, people can not enter in the spiral coil of steam heater steam by turning off manually manual steam switch, temperature regulator can also directly be controlled the electric steam switch by built-in microprocessor and sequence of control thereof, making it the external steam of autoshutdown can not enter in the spiral coil of steam heater, thereby reach the tea seed powder purpose that does not heat in the steaming cylinder, make the tea seed powder keep boiling under the design temperature, reach better tea seed powder oil expressed oil rate.
The present invention does not state part and is prior art, such as: the above-mentioned temperature regulator part of not stating is prior art.
3) such as Fig. 1 C, shown in Fig. 2 C and Fig. 3 C, tea waste of the present invention shatters machine, comprise power system, transmission rig and body 1C, body 1C is provided with opening for feed 2C, body 1C inner chamber is equipped with the hammer leaf 3C that can rotate, hammer leaf 3C passes through power system, transmission rig drives and rotates, power system can adopt motor as power system, certainly also can adopt other power as power system, transmission rig is prior art, constructional feature of the present invention is that the periphery of described hammer leaf 3C is provided with tup 4C, generally can be provided with at the periphery of hammer leaf 3C a 3-5 tup, decides on specific requirement; Be positioned at hammer leaf above or/and the side is provided with the anti-hammer leaf 5C of alternate suitable distance, the phase spacing of tup 4C on anti-hammer leaf 5C and the hammer leaf can by the requirement hammering tea seed cake, tea waste granular size and decide, particle after the large hammering of spacing is just large, otherwise just little.The poorest method is that anti-hammer leaf 5C is fixed on the top of hammer leaf and (is fixed on as connecting a fixed link on the internal valve of body of corresponding position or/and on the side; hammer leaf and anti-hammer leaf easily damage during at this moment practical application); best mode is: anti-hammer leaf 5C connects the device in an adjusting gap; it is the phase spacing that anti-hammer leaf 5C can regulate by regulating inter space device the tup 4C on anti-hammer leaf 5C and the hammer leaf; the adjusting inter space device can adopt the structure of prior art; also can adopt structure of the present invention; anti-like this hammer leaf 5C and hammer leaf can be regulated gap therebetween according to the article size of the volume of being impacted; make large object clash into into first wisp; wisp clashes into into particle; the concrete structure of adjusting inter space device of the present invention comprises swing arm 6C and guiding governor lever 7C; swing arm 6C one end is rotatably connected on the inner face of body 1C; the swing arm 6C the other end is connected with anti-hammer leaf 5C; guiding governor lever 7C one end is connected on the swing arm 6C; the other end passes behind the through hole that the body corresponding position has spacing by nut 11C; can regulate the phase spacing of the tup 4C on anti-hammer leaf 5C and the hammer leaf by the turn nut; by the tea seed cake that is impacted; the pressure of tea waste also can make guiding governor lever 7C move around in through hole; reach the phase spacing of the tup 4C on the anti-hammer leaf 5C of automatic adjusting and the hammer leaf, reach the anti-hammer leaf 5C of protection and hammer leaf and be not subject to fatal bump and cause damage.Below being positioned at hammer leaf, be provided with discharge port 8C, between discharge port 8C and hammer leaf 4C, be provided with screen cloth 9C, decide as required in the aperture of screen cloth 9C, the distance of described screen cloth 9C and hammer leaf suits, be too near to and easily broken by particle, whirlwind or the tup 4C on the hammer leaf that then is difficult for being rotated by hammer leaf at the particle that does not also sift out on the screen cloth too far away takes the mill pressure of carrying out again with anti-hammer leaf out of, reaches satisfactory particle.The present invention gets rid of outside opening for feed, chokes in order to prevent the part comminuting matter, then be provided with anti-back sheet 10C at opening for feed 2C place or near in the body inner chamber at opening for feed 2C place, the top of anti-back sheet 10C can be connected on the body inner cavity top, generally be to be connected near on the body inner cavity top at opening for feed 2C place with rotating manner, but the handiness of rotating is not very good, as long as can rotate a little, if it is very good to rotate handiness, sometimes anti-back sheet 10C easily opens, and then comminuting matter can more easily get rid of outside opening for feed, choke.
The present invention does not state part and is prior art, such as: the above-mentioned electric control system of not stating is prior art.
Embodiment two
(2) tea seed of the present invention tea-seed oil processed and by product tea waste extract tea-polyphenol, saponin method, comprise as follows: 1) screening; 2) oven dry; 3) peel off broken apart, pulverize out the tea seed powder; 4) tea seed powder boiling; 5) bag cake; 6) the tea cake squeezes into tea-seed oil and by product tea waste; 7) the by product tea waste extracts the products such as tea-polyphenol, saponin, and concrete steps comprise that tea waste shatters, above-mentioned step 1)-6) be the routine techniques of prior art, it is characterized in that:
Take by weighing tea waste 200g, be crushed to 40 orders, put in the soxhlet's extractor, add the 600mL sherwood oil, refluxing extraction is after 4 hours, behind the petroleum ether extract decompression and solvent recovery in 70 ℃ of water-baths, obtain the lixiviate crude oil, wash the lixiviate crude oil 2 times with 80% ethanolic soln 20mL, obtain the faint yellow limpid tea-seed oil of 9.0g, the tea-seed oil yield is 4.5%.
The tea waste powder of (be above-mentioned remove tea-seed oil after) after the degreasing is placed the 1500mL round-bottomed flask, add 70% ethanolic soln 800mL, refluxing extraction is 2 hours in 60 ℃ of water-baths, filter, filter residue adds 70% ethanolic soln 400mL, repeats to extract 1 time, filter, merge secondary raffinate, concentrating under reduced pressure obtains the 200mL concentrated solution after reclaiming solvent.
With concentrated solution with ethyl acetate extraction 2 times, each 200mL, the combined ethyl acetate extraction liquid, behind the decompression and solvent recovery, vacuum-drying obtains the polyphenol of 2.8g brown color, purity is 45.2%, the polyphenol yield is 1.4%.
Concentrated solution remaining behind the ethyl acetate extraction is heated to 60 ℃, under agitation condition, adds 0.5%H
2O
2Solution reaction 1 hour, the concentrated solution after the decolouring in 80 ℃ of baking ovens dry 10 hours obtain the flaxen tea saponin of 26.4g after the pulverizing, purity is 78.6%, and extracting yield is 13.2%.
Above-mentioned % all refers to weight percent.
Claims (7)
1. a tea seed tea-seed oil processed and by product tea waste extract used equipment in the tea-polyphenol method, comprise that successively dryer, decorticator, cooking machine and squeezing machine and tea waste shatter machine, is characterized in that:
1) described decorticator comprises power system, transmission rig, blower fan (14A), crust breaking impeller (3A) and opening for feed, the external hopper of opening for feed (1A) (2A); Connect the lateral separation platform (4A) of an arranged transversely at the air outlet of blower fan (14A), lateral separation platform (4A) tail end is connected with vertical separator column (5A), and the outlet of vertical separator column (5A) is for going out faucal (6A); Base plate at lateral separation platform (4A) is provided with obliquely guide vane (7A); The base plate that is positioned under guide vane (7A) back side obliquely at lateral separation platform (4A) is provided with discharge port (9A), be provided with below the lateral separation platform (4A) after being positioned at discharge port uncovered, the described uncovered mobile material-conveying belt (10A) that faces; Described material-conveying belt is driven through transmission rig by power system and drives transmission; The travel direction of described material-conveying belt is to move towards the discharge port direction; Be provided with oblique lower guide vane (8A) at the top board that is positioned at the lateral separation platform;
2) described cooking machine, comprise steaming cylinder (1B), the top of steaming cylinder (1B) is provided with opening for feed (2B), be provided with steam heater (3B) in steaming cylinder (1B) bottom, in the steaming cylinder on steam heater top, be provided with the steaming net (4B) of porous, the hole of the steam-energy of steam heater (3B) through steaming net (4B) is opposite to the online tea seed powder of steaming and carries out hot digestion, be provided with discharge port (5B) at steaming cylinder (1B) sidewall, in steaming cylinder (1B), be provided with whipping appts (6B), upper, middle and lower position in steaming cylinder (1B) respectively is provided with temperature sensor (7B), described steam heater is the spiral coil of the logical steam of within, be provided with facing to the logical steam vent (8B) that steams net (4B) at spiral coil, be provided with into steam port (9B) at the bottom of steaming cylinder sidewall, advance steam port (9B) and be connected with the spiral coil of steam heater, temperature sensor external temperature controller (10B);
3) described tea waste shatters machine, comprise power system, transmission rig and body (1C), body (1C) is provided with opening for feed (2C), body (1C) inner chamber is equipped with the hammer leaf (3C) that can rotate, be provided with discharge port (8C) below being positioned at hammer leaf, the periphery of described hammer leaf (3C) is provided with tup (4C); Be positioned at hammer leaf above or/and the side is provided with anti-hammer leaf (5C); Between the tup (4C) on anti-hammer leaf (5C) and the hammer leaf, be provided with spacing, locate to be provided with filter screen (9C) between discharge port and the hammer leaf (4C) being positioned at.
2. equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that at uncovered under the postmedian position that is positioned at lateral separation platform (4A) and is adjacent the material-conveying belt (10A) that connects being airtight the connection respectively with between the external world.
3. equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that between the external dedusting buffering of faucal (15A).
4. according to claim 1 and 2 or 3 described equipment, it is characterized in that connecing a sweep-up pipe in the discharge port position, the opening for feed (1A) that described sweep-up pipe (13A) terminates to blower fan is located or near it on position, the other end of sweep-up pipe (13A) arranges facing to discharge port (9A).
5. according to claim 1 and 2 or 3 described equipment, it is characterized in that anti-hammer leaf (5C) connects one and regulates inter space device.
6. according to claim 1 and 2 or 3 described equipment, it is characterized in that being provided with anti-back sheet (10C) in the body inner chamber that opening for feed (2C) is located or located near opening for feed (2C), the top of anti-back sheet (10C) is connected on the top of body inner chamber.
7. equipment according to claim 5, it is characterized in that described adjusting inter space device comprises swing arm (6C) and guiding governor lever (7C), swing arm (6C) end is rotatably connected on the inner face of body (1C), swing arm (6C) the other end is connected with anti-hammer leaf (5C), and is spacing by nut behind the through hole that the corresponding position that guiding governor lever (7C) end is connected on the swing arm (6C), the other end passes body has.
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| CN 201010524732 CN102028042B (en) | 2010-10-28 | 2010-10-28 | Method and equipment for preparing tea seed oil from tea seeds and extracting tea polyphenol from byproduct tea seed cake |
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| CN102766525B (en) * | 2012-07-17 | 2014-01-29 | 安徽省华银茶油有限公司 | Method for squeezing tea seed oil at normal temperature |
| CN102977162A (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2013-03-20 | 贵州泰谷农业科技有限公司 | Method for producing high-purity tea saponin |
| CN103012544B (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2016-03-02 | 广西师范大学 | A kind of method extracting saponin and polysaccharide from tea seed grouts |
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| CN110041190A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-07-23 | 中国药科大学 | The method of phenolic acid compound is extracted in a kind of Oil-tea-cake |
| CN112300863B (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2023-08-29 | 黄淮学院 | Tea-seed oil nutrient element draws and sorter |
| CN113210269B (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2022-04-15 | 青岛瑞可莱餐饮配料有限公司 | Sieving device for powdery seasoning and using method thereof |
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