CN101983550B - Artificial domestication, planting and cultivation method of wild calotropis gigantea - Google Patents
Artificial domestication, planting and cultivation method of wild calotropis gigantea Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an artificial domestication, planting and cultivation method of wild calotropis gigantean, which comprises the following steps: (1) introducing varieties from different regions; (2) selecting the varieties, culturing seedlings and selecting the seedlings; (3) preparing a planting place and transplanting; (4) managing and protecting; and (5) harvesting and selecting powder-like fruits which have old green fruit outer skins and in non-white color, wherein the calotropis gigantean has the same period for flowers and fruits, the flower and fruit period is 9-11 months, and the calotropis gigantean can be harvested 4-6 times each year. The artificial domestication, planting and cultivation method is mainly used for solving the technical problem of large-scale planting of wild calotropis gigantean plants, and can lead the length of fruit fiber of the calotropis gigantean to reach 30-37mm, become textile fiber raw material which can partially replace cotton fiber and have lower planting cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the domestication of wild plant and the domestication of kind method for planting, particularly a kind of wild Calotropis gigantea and plant breeding method.
Background technology
According to each side's inquiry and understanding, global textile industry has hundreds thousand of kinds of textiles, animal, plant, all kinds of chemical fibre, synthetic fibers fibers such as existing cotton, hair, silk, fiber crops and novel soybean, milk.The wherein most popular and welcome with the cotton class textile of raw material natural product especially.In recent years, the annual demand cotton raw material of china textile industry is about 1,000 ten thousand tons.There are Xinjiang, North China, East China in the major production areas of China's plant cotton, and cultivated area is about 8,000 ten thousand mu, and is the plantation of good farmland, farmland.Because the good farmland area of China is limited and demand cotton further strengthens, and therefore, can only fill up the vacancy of demand side in a large number by the mode of import.
In addition and since the plantation characteristic of vegetable lamb be 1 year a kind of, 1 year one receipts, its yield per unit area can not significantly increase, but also need expend great amount of manpower and material resources, financial resources, causes planting cost to remain high.
In order to solve Cotton in China (cotton fiber that particularly can be used for textile industry) resource and problem in short supply, we need the substitute that will find a kind of cotton fiber textile raw material badly.
By long-term searching, found that seed kind hair has the akund that is similar to cotton fiber in the ripening fruits of a kind of wild Calotropis gigantea plant, can be used for textile industry.
Calotropis gigantea belongs to Chinese name: Calotropis belongs to latin name: Calotropis, section's Chinese name: Asclepiadaceae, and section's latin name: Asclepiadaceae, the Chinese another name: milk slurry bag, sheep is soaked fruit, grandmother's sewing kit, classification: Asclepiadaceae, Calotropis.The morphological feature of Calotropis gigantea plant: upright shrub, up to 3-4m; Complete stool has milk, and leaf is to life, and the shape of falling ovum Long Circle is grown 8-20cm, wide 3.5-9.5cm, the anxious point in top, base portion heart; Petiole is extremely short, the cyme umbrella, and armpit is given birth to or give birth on the top; The corolla hyacinthine, wide mitriform, diameter 3-4cm.Cyanines pod Dan Sheng has seed and white wool in the ripening fruits.The flowering fruit bearing stage 10-12 of Calotropis gigantea plant month.The place of production of wild Calotropis gigantea plant: ground such as Yunnan, river, Guizhou Province, Guangdong, osmanthus, fine jade have and sporadicly distribute naturally on a small quantity, and there is a small amount of natural distribution on ground such as the Middle East, Southeast Asia, South America, North America, Africa.The fiber of Calotropis gigantea fruit: wild fibre length 15-25mm, output: about 10 kilograms-30 kilograms/mu of wild fiber.
It is investigated, at present also not with the akund of wild Calotropis gigantea plant report as the textile industry raw material, analyzing its reason mainly is: the akund length of (1) wild state is short, intensity is low, in about 15-25mm, belong to short velvet fiber, because its fibre length is short, therefore can not become the textile industry raw material (fibre length of textile industry raw material require 30mm or more than).(2) wild Calotropis gigantea plant is in wild state at present fully, China only in Yunnan, ground such as river, Guizhou Province, Guangdong, osmanthus, fine jade have and sporadicly distribute naturally on a small quantity, also plant as economic class plant on a large scale.
As mentioned above; if will with the Calotropis gigantea plant as an alternative vegetable lamb plant production as the textile raw material fibre plant; need to solve the problem of akund length at least, make the akund length of producing to reach length requirement as the textile raw material fiber by large-scale planting.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of domestication of wild Calotropis gigantea to plant breeding method; mainly solve the technical problem of the large-scale planting of wild Calotropis gigantea plant; pass through the inventive method; can make Calotropis gigantea fruit fiber length reach 30-37mm; and become and to replace cotton fiber, but also has lower planting cost as textile fiber material.
For achieving the above object, the present invention realizes like this.
A kind of domestication of wild Calotropis gigantea plants breeding method, it is characterized in that it comprises the steps:
(1) introduce a fine variety in the strange land, comprises the selection of planting site and introduce a fine variety the selection of material; Wherein: it is the above area of 200km that planting site is selected with introducing a fine variety the ground spacing, and planting site must be variant with the microenvironment of introducing a fine variety ground; In the selection of introducing a fine variety material, adopt individual outstanding individual plant body seed, maternal profile is sturdy, and the fruit type is very large, and fiber is the longest, seed maturity, the seed of full grains; (2) select kind, grow seedlings and select seedling, wherein: kind of the mode of selecting mainly adopts to be put into the seed of introducing water and selects the seed of sinking; Seedling raising manners is, components by weight percentage planting site soil 70-80%, farmyard manure 18-27% and lime 2-3% make up the seedbed in the seedbed, and grow seedlings after seed implanted the seedbed, the mode of selecting seedling is, nursery stock comes into leaves more than 4 leaves, select strong sprout in the seedbed, be that height of seedling surpasses average height of seedling above strong sprout in same batch, to be transplanted to the moisture-keeping nutrient bag then strong sprout cultivates, treat the high 20-40cm of nutritious bag nursery stock, after rhizome arrives lignification, select in same batch height of seedling to surpass average height of seedling above strong sprout once more; (3) preparation of planting site and transplanting, wherein, planting site excavation length is respectively the hole of 30cm*30cm*30cm-80cm*80cm*80cm, and hole quantity is 300-700/mu, and the seeding row spacing mean allocation; Implanted in the hole strong sprout after selecting, utilize natural rainfall or water, make its normal root; (4) manage and protect, comprise fill the gaps with seedlings, the protection of weeding, damage by disease and insect; (5) gather, Calotropis gigantea flowers and fruits same periods, flowering fruit bearing stage is 9-11 month, and gather 4-6 every year, selects the fruit of the old green grass or young crops of fruit crust, no white powder.
The domestication of described wild Calotropis gigantea plants breeding method, it is characterized in that described introduce a fine variety with the microenvironment of planting site must variant being preferably: 5-10 ℃ of microenvironment annual seasons temperature contrast, microenvironment annual seasons illumination difference 1-2 hour, the microenvironment annual seasons replaced month difference 1-2 month, microenvironment annual rainfall difference 200-400mm.
The domestication of described wild Calotropis gigantea plants breeding method, it is characterized in that the described salt solution that adopts weight percent concentration 3-5% in kind of the process of selecting, and selects the seed of sinking.
The domestication of described wild Calotropis gigantea plants breeding method, it is characterized in that describedly carrying out earthing 3mm-5mm in seedling cultivation bed, in time covers careless straw or pine needle or sunscreen film canopy, sun-proof preserving moisture.Like this, can prevent withered the drying up of seedling solarization.
The domestication of described wild Calotropis gigantea plants breeding method, after it is characterized in that being transplanted to the moisture-keeping nutrient bag described strong sprout, arranges the level land, nursery, and the 20cm-30cm that ditches all around carries out draining.Like this, the convenient transplanting prevented waterlogging simultaneously.
The domestication of described wild Calotropis gigantea plants breeding method, it is characterized in that staying the thick mellow soil of 5-20cm or organic loam at the bottom of the hole in the described transplanting process, and adds the lime that weight percentage is 2-3%.Like this, increase nutrient and soil disinfection.
The domestication of described wild Calotropis gigantea plants breeding method, it is characterized in that described manage and protect in the process to adopt at planting area culture wild bee or culture Paederus densipennis Bernh and silky ant, in case eliminate aphis and other damage by disease and insect.
The domestication of described wild Calotropis gigantea plants breeding method, it is characterized in that the described planting area groined type plantation aromaticity plant variety in the process of managing and protecting, and forms simple plant community, prevents that damage by disease and insect from spreading.
The domestication of described wild Calotropis gigantea plants breeding method, but the fruit when it is characterized in that in the described recovery process that further selecting fruit the cracking slit to occur does not ftracture fully pluck, to guarantee fibre maturity.
The domestication of described wild Calotropis gigantea plants breeding method, it is characterized in that described fruit harvesting after, fiber is dried or drying course immediately, with water evaporates in the fiber cell wall, it is a fiber final ripening key, guarantees the weaving intensity of fiber.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Obtain wild Calotropis gigantea plant in the area, Red River in Yunnan, and select individual plant body seed, maternal profile is sturdy, and the fruit type is very large, and fiber is the longest, seed maturity, 3000 in the seed of full grains; It is that 3% salt solution soaks that these seeds are put into weight percent concentration, and 2100 seeds after selecting wherein to sink, seed soaking 1-3 hour and water seed soaking 2-3 days in thimerosal then.
With area, Kunming, Yunnan as planting site, and be Kunming area soil 70-80%, farmyard manure 18-27% and add lime 2-3% and make up the seedbed with the percentage by weight proportioning, and seed implanted breeding behind the seedbed, carry out earthing 3mm-5mm in seedling cultivation bed, in time cover careless straw or pine needle or sunscreen film canopy, sun-proof preserving moisture.Treat that nursery stock comes into leaves more than 4 leaves, select strain in strong sprouts 1300 in the seedbed, be that height of seedling surpasses average height of seedling above strong sprout in same batch, to be transplanted to the moisture-keeping nutrient bag then strong sprout cultivates, treat the high 20-40cm of nutritious bag nursery stock, after rhizome arrives lignification, select height of seedling strong sprouts 600 strain above in same batch once more above average height of seedling.
Be respectively the hole of 30cm*30cm*30cm at planting site excavation length, 500 holes of excavation on 0.07 hectare (300-700 all can), and guarantee the seeding row spacing mean allocation; Stay the thick mellow soil of 5-20cm or organic loam at the bottom of the hole, and add the lime that weight percentage is 2-3%, then, the strain in strong sprouts 500 after selecting is implanted in the hole, utilize natural rainfall or water, make its normal root.
Under the growing environment of nature, manage and protect the Calotropis gigantea plant, wherein, comprise fill the gaps with seedlings, the protection of weeding, damage by disease and insect; To be short of seedling, 50 strains of weak seedling fill the gaps with seedlings, and field planting after one month weeding once, every three months carries out weeding once thereafter.Culture wild bee or culture Paederus densipennis Bernh and silky ant at planting area, in case eliminate aphis and other damage by disease and insect.Can also in managing and protecting process, plant kinds such as aromaticity plant by the planting area groined type, form simple plant community, prevent that damage by disease and insect from spreading.
Gather, Calotropis gigantea flowers and fruits same periods, flowering fruit bearing stage is 9-11 month, and can gather 4-6 time every year, selects the fruit of the old green grass or young crops of fruit crust, no white powder.Wherein, but the fruit when preferentially selecting fruit the cracking slit to occur not ftracture fully pluck, to guarantee fibre maturity.Behind the fruit harvesting, fiber is dried or drying course immediately, with water evaporates in the fiber cell wall, it is a fiber final ripening key, guarantees the weaving intensity of fiber.
Fibre length in the Calotropis gigantea plant of above-mentioned plantation, its fruit can reach 35-37mm, and per mu yield is about 60 kg.
Embodiment 2
Obtain wild Calotropis gigantea plant in the area, Xishuangbanna in Yunnan, and select individual plant body seed, maternal profile is sturdy, and the fruit type is very large, and fiber is the longest, seed maturity, 300 in the seed of full grains; It is that 5% salt solution soaks that these seeds are put into weight percent concentration, and 200 seeds after selecting wherein to sink, seed soaking 1-3 hour and water seed soaking 2-3 days in thimerosal then.
With the sandy beach, seashore in somewhere, Hainan as planting site, and be sandy beach soil 70%, farmyard manure 27% and add lime 3% and make up the seedbed with the percentage by weight proportioning, and seed implanted breeding behind the seedbed, carry out earthing 3mm-5mm in seedling cultivation bed, in time cover careless straw or pine needle or sunscreen film canopy, sun-proof preserving moisture.Treat that nursery stock comes into leaves more than 4 leaves, select strain in strong sprouts 120 in the seedbed, be that height of seedling surpasses average height of seedling above strong sprout in same batch, to be transplanted to the moisture-keeping nutrient bag then strong sprout cultivates, treat the high 20-40cm of nutritious bag nursery stock, after rhizome arrives lignification, select height of seedling strong sprouts 60 strain above in same batch once more above average height of seedling.
Excavate the hole that length is respectively 80cm*80cm*80cm at planting site, can on 0.07 hectare, excavate 200 holes, and guarantee the seeding row spacing mean allocation; Stay the thick mellow soil of 20cm or organic loam at the bottom of the hole, and to add weight percentage be 3% lime, then, the strain in strong sprouts 60 after selecting implanted in the hole, utilize natural rainfall or water, make its normal root.
Under the growing environment of nature, manage and protect the Calotropis gigantea plant, wherein, comprise fill the gaps with seedlings, the protection of weeding, damage by disease and insect; To be short of seedling, 20 strains of weak seedling fill the gaps with seedlings, and field planting after one month weeding once, every three months carries out weeding once thereafter.
Gather, Calotropis gigantea flowers and fruits same periods, flowering fruit bearing stage is 9-11 month, can gather every year 4 times-6 times, selects the fruit of old blue or green, the no white powder of fruit crust.Wherein, but the fruit when preferentially selecting fruit the cracking slit to occur not ftracture fully pluck, to guarantee fibre maturity.Behind the fruit harvesting, fiber is dried or drying course immediately, with water evaporates in the fiber cell wall, it is a fiber final ripening key, guarantees the weaving intensity of fiber.
Fibre length in the Calotropis gigantea plant of above-mentioned plantation, its fruit can reach 30-32mm, and per mu yield is about 60 kg.
Embodiment 3
Obtain wild Calotropis gigantea plant in the area, Red River in Yunnan, and select individual plant body seed, maternal profile is sturdy, and the fruit type is very large, and fiber is the longest, seed maturity, 600 in the seed of full grains; It is that 5% salt solution soaks that these seeds are put into weight percent concentration, and 430 seeds after selecting wherein to sink, seed soaking 1-3 hour and water seed soaking 2-3 days in thimerosal then.
With the barren hill in somewhere, Guangdong as planting site, and be barren hill soil 70%, farmyard manure 27% and add lime 3% and make up the seedbed with the percentage by weight proportioning, and seed is implanted breeding behind the seedbed, carry out earthing 5mm in seedling cultivation bed, in time cover careless straw or pine needle or sunscreen film canopy, sun-proof preserving moisture.Treat that nursery stock comes into leaves more than 4 leaves, select strain in strong sprouts 400 in the seedbed, be that height of seedling surpasses average height of seedling above strong sprout in same batch, to be transplanted to the moisture-keeping nutrient bag then strong sprout cultivates, treat the high 20-40cm of nutritious bag nursery stock, after rhizome arrives lignification, select height of seedling strong sprouts 150 strain above in same batch once more above average height of seedling.
Excavate the hole that length is respectively 30cm*30cm*30cm at planting site, 120 holes of excavation on 0.07 hectare, and guarantee the seeding row spacing mean allocation; Stay the thick mellow soil of 20cm or organic loam at the bottom of the hole, and to add weight percentage be 3% lime, then, the strain in strong sprouts 110 after selecting implanted in the hole, utilize natural rainfall or water, make its normal root.
Under the growing environment of nature, manage and protect the Calotropis gigantea plant, wherein, comprise fill the gaps with seedlings, the protection of weeding, damage by disease and insect; To be short of seedling, 10 strains of weak seedling fill the gaps with seedlings, and field planting after one month weeding once, every three months carries out weeding once thereafter.
Gather, Calotropis gigantea flowers and fruits same periods, flowering fruit bearing stage is 9-11 month, can gather every year 4 times-6 times, selects the fruit of old blue or green, the no white powder of fruit crust.Wherein, but the fruit when preferentially selecting fruit the cracking slit to occur not ftracture fully pluck, to guarantee fibre maturity.Behind the fruit harvesting, fiber is dried or drying course immediately, with water evaporates in the fiber cell wall, it is a fiber final ripening key, guarantees the weaving intensity of fiber.
Fibre length in the Calotropis gigantea plant of above-mentioned plantation, its fruit can reach 33-36mm, and per mu yield is about 55 kg.
According to the inventive method, by planting environment condition at the wild Calotropis gigantea of change, phenology rhythm and pace of moving things difference, make growth hormone polarity transportation difference, the cultivation step that causes the growth hormone distribution difference and the science of employing, can activate some gene expressions of Calotropis gigantea: be mainly the expression of gene that fiber is grown, therefore the proterties do not expressed of grown place, Calotropis gigantea open country, might under the condition of strange land, express, the one, fibre length shortens, the 2nd, fibre length prolongs, and is main selection so adopt the seedling measure of plant-selecting of selecting, particularly fibre length proterties to prolong again.Fibre length optimization can reach 30mm-37mm. becomes good textile raw material, and we are called " quartz fiber " with this product that can become textile fiber material, and have carried out the trade name registration.
According to the inventive method, the artificial planting promoting region of Calotropis gigantea can be the area between north latitude 26 degree-south latitudes 24 degree, and the height above sea level in area is below 1400 meters; Long-term temperature, about 15 ℃-30 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, 4 ℃ of the minimum air temperatures, 42 ℃ of the maximum air temperatures, free of frost.Long-term rainfall: 700-1900mm.All can realize the manual scale planting under the natural environment in these zones; and these planting areas can comprise various natural environments such as Plain, sandy beach, beach, hillside; it compares planting area with cotton increases greatly, and planting cost lower (once plantation can be guaranteed gathering more than 10 years at least).
Being preferred embodiment of the present invention only in sum, is not to be used for limiting practical range of the present invention.Be that all equivalences of doing according to the content of the present patent application claim change and modification, all should be technology category of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the domestication of a wild Calotropis gigantea plants breeding method, it is characterized in that it comprises the steps:
(1) introduce a fine variety in the strange land, comprises the selection of planting site and introduce a fine variety the selection of material; Wherein: it is the above area of 200km that planting site is selected with introducing a fine variety the ground spacing, and planting site must be variant with the microenvironment of introducing a fine variety ground, and the phenology rhythm and pace of moving things is variant, makes growth hormone polarity transportation difference, and it is different to cause growth hormone to distribute; In the selection of introducing a fine variety material, adopt individual outstanding individual plant body seed, maternal profile is sturdy, and the fruit type is very large, and fiber is the longest, seed maturity, the seed of full grains;
(2) select kind, grow seedlings and select seedling, wherein: kind of the mode of selecting adopts to be put into the seed of introducing water and selects the seed of sinking; Seedling raising manners is, components by weight percentage planting site soil 70-80%, farmyard manure 18-27% and lime 2-3% make up the seedbed in the seedbed, and grow seedlings after seed implanted the seedbed, the mode of selecting seedling is, nursery stock comes into leaves more than 4 leaves, select strong sprout in the seedbed, be that height of seedling surpasses average height of seedling above strong sprout in same batch, to be transplanted to the moisture-keeping nutrient bag then strong sprout cultivates, treat the high 20-40cm of nutritious bag nursery stock, after rhizome arrives lignification, select in same batch height of seedling to surpass average height of seedling above strong sprout once more;
(3) preparation of planting site and transplanting, wherein, planting site excavation length is respectively the hole of 30cm*30cm*30cm-80cm*80cm*80cm, and hole quantity is 300-700/mu, and the seeding row spacing mean allocation; Implanted in the hole strong sprout after selecting, utilize natural rainfall or water, make its normal root;
(4) manage and protect, comprise fill the gaps with seedlings, the protection of weeding, damage by disease and insect;
(5) gather, Calotropis gigantea flowers and fruits same periods, flowering fruit bearing stage is 9-11 month, and gather 4-6 every year, selects the fruit of the old green grass or young crops of fruit crust, no white powder.
2. the domestication of wild Calotropis gigantea according to claim 1 plants breeding method, it is characterized in that described introduce a fine variety with the microenvironment of planting site must be variant, the phenology rhythm and pace of moving things is variant, make growth hormone polarity transportation difference, it is different to cause growth hormone to distribute, and is meant 5-10 ℃ of microenvironment annual seasons temperature contrast, microenvironment annual seasons illumination difference 1-2 hour, the microenvironment annual seasons replaced month difference 1-2 month, microenvironment annual rainfall difference 200-400mm.
3. the domestication of wild Calotropis gigantea according to claim 1 plants breeding method, it is characterized in that the described salt solution that adopts weight percent concentration 3-5% in kind of the process of selecting, and selects the seed of sinking.
4. the domestication of wild Calotropis gigantea according to claim 1 plants breeding method, it is characterized in that describedly carrying out earthing 3mm-5mm in seedling cultivation bed, in time covers careless straw or pine needle or sunscreen film canopy, sun-proof preserving moisture.
5. the domestication of wild Calotropis gigantea according to claim 1 plants breeding method, after it is characterized in that being transplanted to the moisture-keeping nutrient bag described strong sprout, arranges the level land, nursery, and the 20cm-30cm that ditches all around carries out draining.
6. the domestication of wild Calotropis gigantea according to claim 1 plants breeding method, it is characterized in that staying the thick mellow soil of 5-20cm or organic loam at the bottom of the hole in the described transplanting process, and adds the lime that weight percentage is 2-3%.
7. the domestication of wild Calotropis gigantea according to claim 1 plants breeding method, it is characterized in that described manage and protect in the process to adopt at planting area culture wild bee or culture Paederus densipennis Bernh and silky ant, in case eliminate aphis and other damage by disease and insect.
8. the domestication of wild Calotropis gigantea according to claim 1 plants breeding method, it is characterized in that the described planting area groined type plantation aromaticity plant variety in the process of managing and protecting, and forms simple plant community, prevents that damage by disease and insect from spreading.
9. the domestication of wild Calotropis gigantea according to claim 1 plants breeding method, but the fruit when it is characterized in that in the described recovery process that further selecting fruit the cracking slit to occur does not ftracture fully pluck, to guarantee fibre maturity.
10. the domestication according to claim 1 or 9 described wild Calotropis giganteas plants breeding method, after it is characterized in that described fruit harvesting, fiber is dried or drying course immediately, with water evaporates in the fiber cell wall, it is a fiber final ripening key, guarantees the weaving intensity of fiber.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103477862B (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2015-03-11 | 蒋敏庆 | Ecological culture method of calotropis gigantea plant |
| CN104170655B (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2016-07-06 | 广西大学 | A kind of Calotropis gigantea propagation by grafiting method |
| CN104145639B (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2016-08-24 | 广西大学 | A kind of Calotropis plant cuttage propagation method |
| CN104255236A (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2015-01-07 | 黄惠民 | Quick seedling cultivation method based on mudar branch or bud cuttage |
| CN104255434B (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2016-03-16 | 黄惠民 | Calotropis gigantea cross breeding method |
| CN104255288B (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-06-15 | 龙陵县路山桥土特产品销售有限责任公司 | The imitative wild high-yield planting method of Herba Cymbopogonis tortilis |
| CN108738963A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-11-06 | 湖南天慧园林建设有限公司 | A kind of domestication of wild Calotropis gigantea and breeding method |
| CN110583346A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2019-12-20 | 凯年农业有限公司 | Fruit tree cultivation method for simultaneous flower and fruit |
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