CN101978809B - Potted Camellia rosthorniana forcing culture method - Google Patents
Potted Camellia rosthorniana forcing culture method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a potted Camellia rosthorniana forcing culture method, which comprises: selecting potted flowers which are consistent in reproductive stage, wherein the standard of pots is 30*30cm; fertilizing at the end of a flowering period but before growth of new treetops; applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers when the flower bud differentiation is basically finished in early and middle ten days of October; and after the flower bus are mature completely and 2 month before launching onto markets during New Year's holiday or Spring Festival's holiday, spraying gibberellic acid(GA3) onto flower buds till water drops appear below leaf surfaces and spraying for 3 to 4 times totally at 7 to 10 day intervals. The method is suitable for producing Camellia rosthorniana Spring Festival flowers, is low in cost, simple, convenient and easy to implement and promotion and can guarantee the quality of the flowers.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ornamental plants potted flower forcing culture method, be specifically related to Hubei Province, river and connect stamen tea potted flower forcing culture method, belong to flowers forcing culture field.
Background technology
China is known as ' mothers in gardens, the world ', and flower industry is started late, though the Flower New Variety kind continues to bring out in recent years, but on the annual flower market still based on state's foreign country kind.Therefore, exploitation China wild plant resource, the characteristic flowers of developing China will be one of trend of China's industry of flowers and plants development.Hubei Province, river connects stamen tea (Camellia rosthorniana Hand.-Mazz.) and is Theaceae Camellia evergreen shrubs, is China's endemic plant, and plant type compactness attractive in appearance is leaf small and exquisite beautiful, and flower mostly is white, tool delicate fragrance, ornamental value height, anti-pruning, anti-half shade.The inventor carried out the introduction and acclimatization that Hubei Province, wild river connects stamen tea from 1999, and (rich flower, fragrant flower type camellia---Hubei Province, river connects stamen tea therefrom to select pink blossom colour system, new varieties ' Tianshan Mountains powder ' that flower amount is big, Xu Lin, Chen Fazhi, flowers and trees bonsai (flower gardening), 2010 07 phases), passed through Hubei Province forest variety certification committee specialty authorization (breeding numbering: Hubei Province S-SV-CR-007-2009), be good rich colored type aroma type ornamental plant.Hubei Province, river connects stamen tea ' Tianshan Mountains powder ' and has the plant type compactness, and about 40 centimetres of plant height divides principal stresses strong, and anti-half is shady, florescence, the flower amount was big at mid or late March, and every spray (being about 15 centimetres) on average blossoms 9, floral leaf is with reward, and the characteristics that delicate fragrance is pleasant are suitable as the family potted plant flower ornamental very much.The camellia that belongs to together (C.japonica) is China's tradition famous flower, large flower and brilliant color, but because plant is tall and big, flower is measured less, most kind is not had fragrance, still can plant in public places, then the scale of construction is bigger than normal as family potted plant, and is not too suitable.For this reason, cultivation dwarf form, Feng Huaxing, aroma type camellia kind are one of main trend of international camellia circle breeding.' Tianshan Mountains powder ' plant that the inventor once cultivated meets the characteristic of family potted plant, and has remedied the above-mentioned defective of viewing and admiring of camellia, therefore, is the house plant that has market prospects.
The national flowers consumption of China mainly concentrated on during New Year's Day, the Spring Festival, and high-grade potted flower sale ratio during this period accounts for more than sixty percent of annual total sales volume, and annual flower becomes the important channel of China's flowers consumption.The natural full-bloom stage that Hubei Province, river connects stamen tea ' Tianshan Mountains powder ' is a mid or late March, missed the busy season of China's flower sale, therefore, carry out Hubei Province, river and connect stamen tea ' Tianshan Mountains powder ' forcing culture research, develop high-end annual flower product, can promote to have the applying of China tradition flowers of independent intellectual property right, promote the value space of product.
About the existing bibliographical information of the forcing culture method of camellia.Yu Cheng (" the flower forcing technology of camellia ", " flowers ", 2006,1:9) disclose and a kind ofly utilize greenhouse regulation and control to make the method for camellia early flowering, but this method need possess the greenhouse temperature control device, has strengthened production cost at northern area.People such as Li Yun (" facilitation that gibberellin treatment is bloomed to camellia ", " northern gardening ", 2007,5:120-121) disclose a kind of employing and peeled off the method for facilitating of smearing gibberellin behind the bud outer scale; People's (" gibberellin is facilitated the camellia express method " such as sheet richness, " Chinese flower potted landscape ", 1994,8:17) disclose a kind of employing and cut flower bud sharp method, the flower bud bud top 2mm area of promptly pruning covers to dip in the cotton of getting Gibberellins solution, treats to remove after soup is done, need altogether to handle 2-3 time, thereby reach the effect of facilitating.In addition, also have a kind of habitual camellia gibberellin flower forcing method (cutting the bud drip method), promptly a vegetative bud that will close on pending bud with blade laterally cuts 2/3, then with the Gibberellins solution for preparing, with glue head dropper or syringe on incision is dripped 1.Though more than these methods camellia is had the effect of early flowering preferably, along with the development of the industry of flowers and plantsization, these methods are serious waste manpower, time and cost not only, and can not accomplish standardized production, more can not increase economic efficiency.
Hubei Province, river connects stamen tea ' Tianshan Mountains powder ' though belong to same section with camellia on taxonomy and belong to, and has certain affiliation, between the two on form, aspect such as ecological habit has notable difference.Therefore,, be necessary that connecting stamen tea ' Tianshan Mountains powder ' at Hubei Province, river carries out the forcing culture technical research, guarantee that it is open during New Year's Day, the Spring Festival, improve value of the product for reaching the purpose at accuracy controlling florescence.Though prior art has been done play-by-play to the forcing culture method of camellia, and Hubei Province, river connects stamen tea ' Tianshan Mountains powder ' as inventor wildlife species newly developed, still there is not the relevant report of forcing culture.
Summary of the invention
The inventor carried out the introduction and acclimatization that Hubei Province, wild river connects stamen tea from 1999, and therefrom select pink blossom colour system, new varieties ' Tianshan Mountains powder ' that flower amount is big, passed through Hubei Province forest variety certification committee specialty authorization (breeding numbering: Hubei Province S-SV-CR-007-2009), be good rich colored type aroma type ornamental plant.Yet the natural full-bloom stage that Hubei Province, river connects stamen tea ' Tianshan Mountains powder ' is a mid or late March, has missed the New Year's Day in busy season and the Spring Festival of China's flower sale.
In view of Hubei Province, river connects the great market prospect that stamen tea ' Tianshan Mountains powder ' annual flower is cultivated, the objective of the invention is to connect the characteristics of differentiation of stamen camellia bud and growth according to Hubei Province, river, by simplifying measures of fertilizer and the forcing culture key technology being carried out system research, provide Hubei Province, a kind of suitable river to connect the production of stamen tea annual flower, with low cost, simple and easy to do, the forcing culture method that is easy to promote, can guarantee again flower characteristic.
In order to realize purpose of the present invention, the inventor through test in a large number multiple factor investigated after, creatively proposed Hubei Province, a kind of river and connected stamen tea potted flower forcing culture method, comprise the steps:
1) select the potted flower of reproductive stage unanimity for use, apply fertilizer before the florescence finishes and newly slightly extracts out, fertilizer N: P: K is 20: 20: 20;
2) October, the early and middle ten days flower bud differentiation was mature on the whole, and increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, fertilizer N: P: K are 10: 30: 20;
3) after the bud full maturity, adopt GA
3Carry out bud and spray 3-4 time, have water droplet to drip with the blade face and be as the criterion, each 7-10 days at interval.
Preferably, Hubei Province, above-mentioned river connects stamen tea potted flower forcing culture method, and wherein the fertilizing amount of step 1) is the 10g/ basin, and the flowerpot standard is 30 * 30cm.
Preferably, Hubei Province, above-mentioned river connects stamen tea potted flower forcing culture method, wherein step 2) fertilizing amount be the 7-8g/ basin, the flowerpot standard is 30 * 30cm.
Preferably, Hubei Province, above-mentioned river connects stamen tea potted flower forcing culture method, wherein step 1) or step 2) fertilization mode in basin, evenly digging 3 holes slightly at a distance apart from root, fertilizer is imposed on wherein, water behind the earthing.
Preferably, Hubei Province, above-mentioned river connects stamen tea potted flower forcing culture method, and wherein step 3) reaches more than the 0.80cm in bud length, and width reaches 0.30cm when above, adopts GA3 to handle.
Preferably, Hubei Province, above-mentioned river connects stamen tea potted flower forcing culture method, wherein the GA of step 3) employing
3Concentration be 600-1000mg/L; Further preferably, the GA of step 3) employing
3Concentration be 800mg/L.
Preferably, Hubei Province, above-mentioned river connects stamen tea potted flower forcing culture method, and wherein step 3) sprays GA
3After, potted flower is placed outdoor natural conditions Routine Management.
Preferably, Hubei Province, above-mentioned river connects stamen tea potted flower forcing culture method, and wherein step 3) sprays GA
3After, potted flower is placed Routine Management in the simple greenhouse, need not temperature increasing facility.
Compared with prior art, Hubei Province, river of the present invention connects stamen tea potted flower forcing culture method and has following beneficial technical effects and obvious improvement:
1) by embodiment 7 " Hubei Province, river connects the florescence control test that stamen tea potted flower bloomed the Spring Festival in 2010 " as can be seen, Hubei Province, river of the present invention connects stamen tea ' Tianshan Mountains powder ' forcing culture method can effectively shift to an earlier date the florescence that Hubei Province, river connects stamen tea ' Tianshan Mountains powder ', the flower forcing rate can reach 100%, can not cause the variation of flower form and color and luster simultaneously;
2) " use GA by embodiments of the invention 3
3The screening test of the best approach " as can be seen, it is similar that bud spraying test group and bud are smeared the experimental group effect, all is in initial bloom stage or a bud just ready to burst phase.Waste time and energy owing to smear to handle, operation inconvenience, Comparatively speaking, of the present invention spraying handled easy and simple to handlely, and effect is remarkable, saves manpower and time, and is beneficial to large-scale production, has obvious improvement;
3) utilize method provided by the invention to carry out Hubei Province, river and connect stamen tea forcing culture cultivation annual flower, all can survive the winter naturally in the area that but the camellia open country is survived the winter on the south the Changjiang river, do not need to build especially temperature increasing facility, therefore, significantly reduce the input of production costs such as building the greenhouse, heat, improved product profit;
4) Hubei Province, river of the present invention connects stamen tea ' Tianshan Mountains powder ' forcing culture method, the growth regulator GA that it adopts
3For the most frequently used plant growth regulator, cheap, select and purchase conveniently;
5) as can be seen, it is easy and simple to handle that Hubei Province, river of the present invention connects stamen tea ' Tianshan Mountains powder ' forcing culture method by embodiment 4 " different disposal period and number of processes connect the influence test of stamen camellia phase to Hubei Province, river ", owing to determined optimization process period, only needs GA
3Spray 3-4 time, reduced the blindness of processing period and number of processes, saved cost of labor, improved operating efficiency.Handle early than beginning this period, then need 6-7 processing (each 7-10 days at interval) during New Year's Day to the Spring Festival, to open at least, strengthened working strength and production cost.It is not exclusively ripe to handle flower bud differentiation simultaneously ahead of time, easily causes the bud drop phenomenon; Be later than and handle this period, temperature is gradually low, and dormancy finishes voluntarily, manually sprays GA
3The effect that replaces low temperature to do sth. in advance breaking dormancy then can not finely embody;
6) to connect stamen tea ' Tianshan Mountains powder ' forcing culture method applicability wide Hubei Province, river of the present invention, be not only applicable to Hubei Province, river and connect stamen tea, equally view and admire kind applicable to other of Camellia, effect with tangible early flowering, and reduced the troublesome operation and the construction funds such as freezer, greenhouse of present camellia forcing culture processing method commonly used, saved production cost, cost of labor and time greatly;
7) Hubei Province, river of the present invention connects stamen tea ' Tianshan Mountains powder ' forcing culture method, and Hubei Province, river connects stamen tea potted flower plant when going on the market in New Year's Day or the Spring Festival and is in the early flowering season mostly, and the bud of 2%-5% bursts forth, and all the other buds that a bud just ready to burst are covered with spray, and sight is also good; After this down order is open from the spray top for bud, and the viewing period of whole strain can reach about 20 days;
8) Hubei Province, river of the present invention connects stamen tea ' Tianshan Mountains powder ' forcing culture method, has simplified the fertilising step, does not influence fertilization effect simultaneously, plant is flourishing, and blade is abundant, and the leaf look bright is green, promoted the growth of bud and the quality of blooming, had good effect improving the potted flower quality.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1 fertilization mode is to the influence of potted flower ornamental quality
Get good 3 years living Hubei Province, river of growth conditions and connect stamen tea ' Tianshan Mountains powder ' potted flower 60 basins, about 40 centimetres of plant height, about 40 centimetres of crown diameter (flowerpot diameter and highly be 30cm, down with).
If experimental group and control group, every group 30 basin.Experimental group is applied fertilizer 2 times every year altogether, fertilising for the first time April by the end of March initial bloom stage finish sprouting when sprouting early stage, remove residual flower, fertilizer N: P: K is 20: 20: 20, single basin fertilizing amount 10g evenly imposes on fertilizer in the basin apart from root slightly at a distance, earthing waters; The early and middle ten days flower bud differentiation is mature on the whole in October in fertilising for the second time, and fertilizer N: P: K is 10: 30: 20, and single basin fertilizing amount 7-8g evenly digs 3 holes slightly at a distance apart from root in basin, fertilizer is imposed on wherein, waters behind the earthing.Control group applied fertilizer 1 time before every year, only spring, sprouting sprouted, the same experimental group of fertilizing amount and method, and do not carry out the fertilising in autumn.Result of the test: to New Year's Day, experimental group is flourishing, and is compact attractive in appearance, blade heavy leather matter, and the leaf look dark green, and bud is full, has improved the whole ornamental quality of potted flower; The control group blade is little, thin, and the leaf look light green, and bud is tall and thin, sees Table 1.
Table 1 fertilization mode is to promoting the influence of flower bud differentiation effect
Embodiment 2GA
3Hubei Province, river is connected the influence (is example to bloom New Year's Day) of the early flowering effect of stamen tea
Get good 3 years living Hubei Province, river of growth conditions and connect stamen tea ' Tianshan Mountains powder ' potted flower 60 basins, about 40 centimetres of plant height, about 40 centimetres of crown diameter.Fertilizing method is with the experimental group of embodiment 1.
If experimental group and control group, every group 30 basin.Experimental group began to spray 800mg/L GA October 29 after the bud full maturity
3Solution was handled 1 time, and was had water droplet to drip with the blade face and be as the criterion in per 7 days.Meet the sleety weather processing of postponing, coprocessing 4 times.Control group sprays clear water with same method.Processing is placed on outdoor Routine Management.Result of the test: to New Year's Day, experimental group 28 basins are in initial bloom stage, and 2 basins are in the state that a bud just ready to burst; And the control group bud still is in the red flower bud phase, need see Table 2 more than 60 days to open.
Table 2GA
3Hubei Province, river is connected the influence of the early flowering effect of stamen tea
Embodiment 3 uses GA
3The screening test of the best approach (is example to bloom New Year's Day)
Get good 3 years living Hubei Province, river of growth conditions and connect stamen tea ' Tianshan Mountains powder ' potted flower 100 basins, about 40 centimetres of plant height, about 40 centimetres of crown diameter.Fertilizing method is with the experimental group method of embodiment 1.
Use 800mg/L GA
3Solution is provided with 4 experimental group and 1 control group, every group 20 basin with different processing methods.Experimental group 1-4 is respectively brush trunk, brush spray, bud sprays and bud is smeared processing method, and control group is without any processing.Used 800mg/L GA October 29 after the bud full maturity
3Solution carry out above-mentioned each handle, handled 1 time in per 7 days, have water droplet to drip with the blade face and be as the criterion, meet the sleety weather processing of postponing, coprocessing 4 times.Processing is placed on outdoor Routine Management.To New Year's Day, the bud and the control group of brush trunk group and brush spray group are as good as, and still are in the red flower bud phase, still need more than 60 days to open; It is similar that bud spraying test group and bud are smeared the experimental group effect, all is in the early flowering season or a bud just ready to burst phase, is fit to listing (seeing Table 3).Waste time and energy owing to smear to handle, Comparatively speaking operation inconvenience, spray and handle easy and simple to handlely, and effect is remarkable, therefore should adopt to spray processing and be convenient to save manpower and time, and is beneficial to large-scale production.
Table 3 is used GA
3The screening test result of the best approach
4 different disposal periods of embodiment and number of processes connect the influence (is example to bloom New Year's Day) of stamen camellia phase to Hubei Province, river
Get good 3 years living Hubei Province, river of growth conditions and connect stamen tea ' Tianshan Mountains powder ' potted flower 60 basins, about 40 centimetres of plant height, about 40 centimetres of crown diameter.Fertilizing method is with the experimental group of embodiment 1.
Use 800mg/L GA
3Solution adopts handle 2 periods, is respectively 2 groups of 1 group of test and tests, every group 30 basin.Test 1 group and spray bud, have water droplet to drip with the blade face and be as the criterion, handle coprocessing 8 times weekly 1 time since September 29 (going on the market preceding 3 months); Test 2 groups and spray bud since October 29 (going on the market preceding 2 months), handle weekly 1 time, coprocessing 4 times is met the sleety weather processing of postponing.Processing is placed on outdoor Routine Management.From the result of table 4, it is many to test 1 group of number of processes, and the cycle is long, the labor intensive material resources, and the early flowering season is later on the contrary; It is few to test 2 groups of required number of processes, and the cycle is short, saves cost and time, and treatment effect is good simultaneously, and the early flowering season concentrated on before and after New Year's Day, is convenient to the listing on New Year's Day.Therefore, adopt listing preceding about 2 months (at the beginning of promptly 11 months by the end of October) to begin potted flower is sprayed 800mg/L GA
3, can make potted flower open as scheduled.
Table 4 different disposal period and number of processes connect the influence at ' Tianshan Mountains powder ' florescence of stamen tea to Hubei Province, river
Embodiment 5 variable concentrations GA
3Hubei Province, river is connected the influence (is example to bloom New Year's Day) of the early flowering effect of stamen tea
Get good 3 years living Hubei Province, river of growth conditions and connect stamen tea ' Tianshan Mountains powder ' potted flower 60 basins, about 40 centimetres of plant height, about 40 centimetres of crown diameter.Fertilizing method is with the experimental group of embodiment 1.
If test 1 group, test 2 groups and test 3 groups, sprayed 600,800 and 1000mg/L GA after the bud full maturity respectively on October 29
3, each group 20 basin.Spray weekly 1 time, spray altogether 4 times, have water droplet to drip with the blade face and be as the criterion, meet the sleety weather processing of postponing.Processing is placed on outdoor Routine Management.To New Year's Day, test 2 group of 18 basin beginning flower, a bud just ready to burst for 2 basins.Test 1 group and 3 groups of flowers that then in about January 20, began of test, be slightly later to and handle 2 groups (seeing Table 5).Therefore, adopt experimental group 2, can reach the purpose at accuracy controlling florescence.
Table 5 variable concentrations GA
3Hubei Province, river is connected the influence of the early flowering effect of stamen tea
Embodiment 6:GA
3Handle the indoor maintenance in back connects stamen tea potted flower to Hubei Province, river florescence influence (is example to bloom New Year's Day)
Get good 3 years living Hubei Province, river of growth conditions and connect stamen tea ' Tianshan Mountains powder ' potted flower 30 basins, about 40 centimetres of plant height, about 40 centimetres of crown diameter.Fertilizing method is with the experimental group of embodiment 1.
November 2 sprayed 800mg/L GA after the bud full maturity
3Spray weekly 1 time, spray altogether 4 times, have water droplet to drip with the blade face and be as the criterion, meet the sleety weather processing of postponing.Processing is placed on Routine Management in the simple greenhouse, no temperature increasing facility.To New Year's Day, 30 basins beginning flower, the bud of every basin 2%-5% bursts forth.Roughly the same with the potted flower florescence of field curing, but the regularity at florescence is higher.Therefore, if having ready conditions, Hubei Province, river connects stamen tea potted flower through GA
3Can place indoor maintenance management after spraying processing.
Embodiment 7: Hubei Province, river connects the florescence control test that stamen tea potted flower bloomed the Spring Festival in 2010
Get good 3 years living Hubei Province, river of growth conditions and connect stamen tea ' Tianshan Mountains powder ' potted flower 60 basins, about 40 centimetres of plant height, about 40 centimetres of crown diameter.Fertilizing method is with the experimental group of embodiment 1.
The annual date in the Spring Festival is indefinite, according to Time To Market in concrete Spring Festival, in listing preceding 2 months, adopts 800mg/L GA
3Solution sprays the potted flower plant, sprays weekly 1 time, handles 3 times or 4 times according to the flower bud development degree, if be January, handles 4 times in red-letter day, if be February, handles 3 times in red-letter day.The Spring Festival in 2010 was February 14, and experimental group and control group are set.Experimental group begins to spray 800mg/L GA on December 14th, 2009
3Solution sprays weekly 1 time, sprays altogether 3 times, has water droplet to drip with the blade face and is as the criterion, and handles 1 time in per 7 days, meets the sleety weather processing of postponing; Control group spray clear water.Processing is placed on outdoor Routine Management.To the Spring Festival, the experimental group potted flower all is in flower-shaped attitude of beginning, and the control group potted flower is then in beginning March 15 flower.
Claims (9)
1. Hubei Province, river connects stamen tea potted flower forcing culture method, and it is that Hubei Province, river connects stamen tea ' Tianshan Mountains powder ' that Hubei Province, described river connects stamen tea, it is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
1) select the potted flower of reproductive stage unanimity for use, apply fertilizer before the florescence finishes and newly slightly extracts out, fertilizer N: P: K is 20:20:20;
2) October, the early and middle ten days flower bud differentiation was mature on the whole, and increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, fertilizer N:P:K are 10:30:20;
3) after the bud full maturity, adopt GA3 to carry out foliage-spray 3-4 time, there is water droplet to drip with the blade face and is as the criterion, each 7-10 days at interval.
2. Hubei Province, river as claimed in claim 1 connects stamen tea potted flower forcing culture method, it is characterized in that: the fertilizing amount of described step 1) is the 10g/ basin, and the flowerpot standard is 30 * 30cm.
3. Hubei Province, river as claimed in claim 1 connects stamen tea potted flower forcing culture method, it is characterized in that: fertilizing amount described step 2) is the 7-8g/ basin, and the flowerpot standard is 30 * 30cm.
4. Hubei Province, river as claimed in claim 1 connects stamen tea potted flower forcing culture method, it is characterized in that: described step 1) or step 2) fertilization mode in basin, evenly digging 3 holes slightly at a distance apart from root, fertilizer is imposed on wherein, water behind the earthing.
5. Hubei Province, river as claimed in claim 1 connects stamen tea potted flower forcing culture method, and it is characterized in that: described step 3) reaches more than the 0.80cm in bud length, and width reaches 0.30cm when above, adopts GA3 to handle.
6. Hubei Province, river as claimed in claim 1 connects stamen tea potted flower forcing culture method, it is characterized in that: the concentration of the GA3 that described step 3) adopts is 600-1000mg/L.
7. Hubei Province, river as claimed in claim 6 connects stamen tea potted flower forcing culture method, it is characterized in that: the concentration of the GA3 that described step 3) adopts is 800mg/L.
8. Hubei Province, river as claimed in claim 1 connects stamen tea potted flower forcing culture method, it is characterized in that: after described step 3) sprays GA3, potted flower is placed outdoor natural conditions Routine Management.
9. Hubei Province, river as claimed in claim 1 connects stamen tea potted flower forcing culture method, it is characterized in that: after described step 3) sprays GA3, potted flower is placed Routine Management in the simple greenhouse, need not temperature increasing facility.
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CN107484607A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2017-12-19 | 广西沙田仙人滩农业投资有限公司 | A kind of regulation and control method at camellia florescence |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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李欣.川鄂连蕊茶:花多又芳香.《中国花卉报》.2010,第002版. * |
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