CN101978415B - 具有以矩阵形式布置的像素的显示面板 - Google Patents

具有以矩阵形式布置的像素的显示面板 Download PDF

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CN101978415B
CN101978415B CN2009801095650A CN200980109565A CN101978415B CN 101978415 B CN101978415 B CN 101978415B CN 2009801095650 A CN2009801095650 A CN 2009801095650A CN 200980109565 A CN200980109565 A CN 200980109565A CN 101978415 B CN101978415 B CN 101978415B
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川边和佳
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    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种将PWM驱动应用于驱动晶体管(2)的显示面板。驱动晶体管根据其栅极电压提供电流，并且将该电流提供给发光元件(1)以点亮发光元件。存储电容器(6)的一端连接于驱动晶体管的栅极，而其另一端连接于扫描线(12)。将交替地重复上升阶段和下降阶段的三角波提供给扫描线以根据栅极电压控制驱动晶体管的导通期间，由此控制发光元件的发光。

Description

具有以矩阵形式布置的像素的显示面板
技术领域
本发明涉及具有以矩阵形式布置的像素的显示面板。 
背景技术
因为有机EL显示器是自发光的，所以它们表现出高对比度以及快速响应，使得他们适合于视频应用，如显示自然图像的电视机等等。通常，有机EL元件通过控制元件(如晶体管)来驱动，其中通过用根据数据的恒定电流驱动晶体管，或者通过用恒定电压驱动晶体管，来实现多色调从而改变发光周期。 
在用恒定电流驱动晶体管的情况下，因为它们用于饱和区域，所以例如阈值和迁移率的晶体管特性的变化引起了流过有机EL元件的电流的变化，这导致了显示中的非均匀性。因此，JP2007-79599A公开了一种通过用恒定电压在线性区域中数字化地驱动晶体管来减少显示中的非均匀性的方法。 
然而，根据在JP2007-79599A中公开的示例，在串联连接于有机EL元件的驱动晶体管中，其栅极端和漏极端通过复位晶体管被二极管式连接，并且即使当复位晶体管截止时，驱动晶体管的栅极电压也会由于来自复位晶体管的漏电流而变化。JP2007-79599A公开了用于解决漏电流的问题的示例，包括使用n沟道晶体管作为复位晶体管以及仅对复位晶体管引入LLD(轻掺杂漏)结构。然而，这些措施使得晶体管的制造工艺复杂化，这造成了缩减成本的困难。 
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面的一种显示面板具有以矩阵形式布置的像素，各个像素包括：驱动晶体管，其根据栅极电压提供电流；发光元件， 其利用从所述驱动晶体管提供的电流来发光；以及存储电容器，其一端连接于所述驱动晶体管的栅极，另一端连接于扫描线。将交替地重复上升阶段和下降阶段的三角波施加于所述扫描线，以根据所述栅极电压来控制所述驱动晶体管的导通周期，由此控制各个像素的发光。 
根据本发明的另一个方面的一种显示面板具有以矩阵形式布置的像素，各个像素包括：耦合电容器，其一端连接于数据线；选择晶体管，其一端连接于所述耦合电容器的另一端，并且其栅极连接于选择线；驱动晶体管，其栅极连接于所述选择晶体管的另一端，所述驱动晶体管根据栅极电压提供电流；发光元件，其连接于所述驱动晶体管的漏极，并且利用从所述驱动晶体管提供的电流来发光；复位晶体管，其一端连接于所述驱动晶体管和所述发光元件的连接点，另一端连接于所述耦合电容器和所述选择晶体管的连接点，并且其栅极连接于复位线；以及存储电容器，其一端连接于所述驱动晶体管的栅极，另一端连接于扫描线。当所述复位晶体管和所述选择晶体管导通时，所述驱动晶体管被二极管式地连接，使得电流流过并且与所述驱动晶体管的特性相对应的电压被写入所述耦合电容器。然后，在所述复位晶体管截止的情况下，所述选择晶体管导通，并通过所述耦合电容器将所述数据线的电压写入所述存储电容器，并且将交替地重复上升阶段和下降阶段的三角波施加于所述扫描线，以根据所述栅极电压来控制所述驱动晶体管的导通周期，由此控制发光。 
此外，优选地，在所述驱动晶体管的漏极和所述复位晶体管的连接点与所述发光元件之间设置发光控制晶体管，并且当所述复位晶体管导通时，所述发光控制晶体管截止。 
根据本发明，能够控制发光周期，并且也能够根据图像数据有效地控制电流。此外，因为通过选择晶体管将复位晶体管的漏极连接于驱动晶体管的栅极，所以能够控制来自复位晶体管的漏电流对驱动晶体管的栅极电压的影响。 
附图说明
图1是示出像素电路的结构的图； 
图2是示出写入数据时各条线的状态的图； 
图3是说明扫描的图； 
图4是示出施加扫描脉冲的电路的图； 
图5A是示出施加扫描脉冲的定时的示例的图； 
图5B是示出施加扫描脉冲的定时的另一示例的图； 
图6是示出施加扫描脉冲的电路的另一示例的图；以及 
图7是示出显示面板的结构的图。 
具体实施方式
在下文中，将参考附图描述本发明的实施方式。 
图1中示出了根据实施方式的显示器中的像素15的示例性结构。像素15包括有机EL元件1，驱动晶体管2，选择晶体管3，复位晶体管4，发光控制晶体管5，存储电容器6，以及耦合电容器7。应该注意的是每个晶体管都采用了P型薄膜晶体管。 
将驱动晶体管2这样构造，其源极端连接于由所有像素共用的电源线13，其漏极端连接于发光控制晶体管5的源极端和复位晶体管4的源极端，并且其栅极端连接于存储电容器6的一端和选择晶体管3的源极端，存储电容器6的另一端连接于扫描线12。选择晶体管3的栅极端连接于选择线9，并且其漏极端连接于耦合电容器7的一端和复位晶体管4的漏极端，耦合电容器7的另一端连接于数据线8。复位晶体管4的栅极端连接于复位线10。发光控制晶体管5的栅极端连接于发光控制线11，并且其漏极端连接于有机EL元件1的阳极。有机EL元件1的阴极连接于由所有像素共用的阴极电极14。 
图2示出了将要输入到数据线8、选择线9、复位线10以及发光控制线11的用于驱动像素15的信号波形。首先，当将黑色电平电压Vb提供到数据线8时，选择线9和复位线4变为低电平，并且选择晶体管3和复位晶体管4导通。因此，驱动晶体管2的栅极端和漏极端被连接(二极管式连接)，从而电流经由发光控制晶体管5流过有机EL元件1。然 后，当发光控制线11变为高电平时，发光控制晶体管5截止。因此，流过有机EL元件的电流通过复位晶体管4流入耦合电容器7，并进一步通过选择晶体管3流入存储电容器6，以便由此将驱动晶体管2的栅极电压向电流不流动的方向(电压增加的方向)转移。从而，驱动晶体管2的栅极电压汇聚在电压Vdd-Vth附近，该电压比电源线13的电源电压Vdd低了阈值电压Vth。 
接下来，当复位线10变为高电平时，驱动晶体管2的栅极电压通过存储电容器6和耦合电容器7维持在Vdd-Vth。在这种状态下，当将白色电平电压Vw(＜Vb)提供到数据线8时，驱动晶体管2的栅极电压Vg变为Vg＝Vdd-Vth-Cc/(Cc+Cs)*(Vb-Vw)，其中Cc代表耦合电容器7的电容，并且Cs代表存储电容器6的电容。当假设Cc充分地大于Cs时，Vg＝Vdd-Vth-(Vb-Vw)。因此，对于驱动晶体管2的栅极电压来说，自动地施加Vth以补偿白色电平和黑色电平之间的差。 
当写数据结束时，选择线9变为高电平，并且栅极电压存储在存储电容器6中直到下次被选择。 
虽然选择晶体管3和复位晶体管4在非选择周期是截止的，但是在复位晶体管4中可能会导致漏电流。这是因为如果黑色电平Vb作为图像数据被写入到像素15中，那么栅极电压Vg变为Vdd-Vth，由此几乎没有电流流过有机EL元件1，因此，虽然复位晶体管4的源极端的电压下降到接近阴极电压VSS的电压，其漏极电压保持在Vdd-Vth。因此，复位晶体管4的源极与漏极之间的电压差很大。 
在像素15中，因为选择晶体管3被设置于驱动晶体管2的栅极端和复位晶体管4的漏极端之间，所以即使漏极电压由于复位晶体管4的漏电流而下降，该下降也不会影响驱动晶体管2的栅极电压，从而使写入的栅极电压被保持。 
图3示出了在写入图像数据后将要施加于扫描线的扫描脉冲。在写入数据后，将三角波输入到扫描线12，如图3所示。由此，驱动晶体管2的栅极电压通过存储电容器6以与扫描线12相同的方式变化。如果当数据写入时将电源电压Vdd提供给扫描线12，那么电压差Vth+(Vb-Vw) 将被写入到存储电容器6中。当假设扫描线12的电压(扫描电压)是Vsw时，驱动晶体管2的栅极电压Vg根据Vg＝Vsw-Vth-(Vb-Vw)而变化。当扫描电压Vsw为Vdd+(Vb-Vw)时，驱动晶体管2的栅极电压变为Vdd-Vth，从而发光。同样地，随着差(Vb-Vw)的增大，熄灭周期(blackout period)变短(发光周期变长)，并且随着差变小，熄灭周期变长(发光周期变短)。换句话说，能够通过白色电平输入和黑色电平输入之间的数据差(Vb-Vw)来控制发光周期。 
因此，通过提供与像素的亮度相对应的数据电压作为白色电平Vw，像素在对应于数据的周期发光。同样地，通过亮度数据来进行用于控制发光周期的PWM控制，与此同时也对驱动晶体管2的Vth进行补偿。此外，在数字化驱动的情况下，黑色电平Vb和白色电平Vw都被作为数据电压提供。虽然白色电平Vw是恒定的，但是即使在这种情况下它也能够补偿各个驱动晶体管2的Vth。 
图4示出了用于将控制信号提供到像素15的数据线8、选择线9、复位线10和发光控制线11的外围电路的示例。通常，各条线至少设置有一个移位寄存器16，并且所选择的数据从最高的线到较低的线顺序地移位。移位寄存器16的输出端连接于选择使能电路17、复位使能电路18和发光使能电路19中的每一个的输入端。选择使能电路17的另一个输入端连接于选择使能线SE，复位使能电路18的另一个输入端连接于复位使能线RE，并且发光使能电路19的另一个输入端连接于发光使能线LE。 
如果当高电平的选择数据存储在移位寄存器16中时选择使能线SE变为高电平，那么选择线9变为低并且被选择。在那时，如果复位使能线RE变为高电平，那么复位线10变为低，从而驱动晶体管2的栅极端和漏极端被连接，由此电流流入有机EL元件1。 
然后，当将黑色电平电压Vb从数据驱动器25提供给数据线8从而发光使能线LE变为高电平时，发光控制线11变为高，由此流入到有机EL元件1的电流被中断，并且阈值电压Vth被写入到存储电容器6和耦合电容器7中。当复位使能线RE变为低电平时，复位线10变为高，并且阈值电压Vth被存储在存储电容器6和耦合电容器7中。于是，当将 图像数据Vw从数据驱动器25提供给数据线8时，Vth被较正的数据被写入驱动晶体管2的栅极端。 
于是，当将高电平的、存储在移位寄存器16中的所选择的数据移位到下一级并且在那里存储低电平数据时，分别通过选择使能电路17、复位使能电路18和发光使能电路19将选择线9变为高电平，将复位线10变为高电平并且将发光控制线11变为低电平，而不管选择使能线SE、复位使能线RE和发光使能线LE的状态，由此来存储写入到像素15中的数据。 
在这种写操作中，当选择线9被选择并且变为低电平时，扫描线12通过开关22连接于提供有Vref(Vdd)的基准电压线23。与此同时，由于选择线9的低电压被反相器20反相，使得开关21截止，扫描线12从提供有扫描电压Vsw的扫描电压线24被切断。 
当写操作结束时，选择线9变为高，并且由于开关22截止，扫描线12从基准电压线23被切断，并且开关21通过由反相器20反相的信号被导通，由此扫描线12连接于扫描电压线24。因此，扫描线12仅在写入时被固定，并且当写入结束时，将重复重启扫描的操作。 
在本实施方式中，通过扫描脉冲来控制发光周期。如果驱动晶体管2位于饱和区域，那么通过模拟数据电压来控制驱动晶体管2中流动的电流的量，并且通过扫描脉冲来控制发光周期。然而，如果驱动晶体管2位于线性区域，那么因为发光周期是数字化控制的，所以减少了由晶体管的特性带来的影响。同样地，即使在这方面也能够减少显示的非均匀性。 
如图5A所示，可以通过使用图4中示出的外围电路来执行一个帧周期的通过扫描进行的发光控制，或者发光控制可以划分为图5B所示的两个周期，从而分开通过扫描而控制的写入周期和发光周期。在图5B的示例中，扫描脉冲在数据写入的写入周期维持高电平，以便在写入周期在像素中不发光，并且当写入周期结束时扫描脉冲的电平下降。在写入周期中，如果将扫描脉冲的幅值ΔVsw作为补偿增加给白色电平Vw，从而将要提供给数据线8的数据电压Vw’变为Vw+ΔVsw，那么驱动晶体管2的栅极电压Vg变为Vg＝Vdd-Vth-(Vb-Vw)+ΔVsw。如果ΔVsw大于(Vb-Vw)，那么像素在写入周期不发光。随着扫描脉冲的电平在发光周期 下降，发光开始，并且控制发光周期与(Vb-Vw)成比例。在图5B所示的写入周期和扫描周期分开的情况下，可以省略图4中所示的开关21和22，反相器20以及基准电压线23，如图6所示。因此，当在写入周期将扫描电压恒定保持在Vref(Vdd)时唯一需要的是在发光周期产生三角波。 
此外，在如图6的像素15中可以省略发光控制晶体管5。在这种情况下，也可以省略发光控制线11、发光使能电路19以及发光使能线LE，所以简化了像素电路和外围电路。然而，如果省略发光控制晶体管5，那么当选择晶体管3和复位晶体管4导通时，将要写入存储电容器6和耦合电容器7的电压并不是驱动晶体管2的阈值电压Vth，而是由二极管式连接的驱动晶体管2和有机EL元件1划分的复位电压。上述复位电压也是对应于驱动晶体管2的特性的电压，其提供与上述的几乎相同的优势。 
在写入复位电压后的写入图像数据的步骤与对扫描线12进行扫描以发光的步骤也是相同的。此外，通过在一个帧周期中控制扫描脉冲(如图5A所示)，通过利用开关21和22以及反相器20切换在线选择时间和发光时间之间连接到扫描线12的电压来进行发光。 
扫描脉冲并不必须是完美的三角波，只要上升阶段和下降阶段交替地重复就可以。上升阶段和下降阶段的斜度并不必须是恒定的，并且在上升阶段和下降阶段之间可以是不同的。此外，可以在峰值附近存在恒定电压的周期。而且，当具有向下凸起的波形时，发光周期和熄灭周期可以颠倒。 
图7示出了显示面板的整体结构。将数据信号和定时信号提供给数据驱动器25，然后将数据信号和定时信号沿行方向适当地提供数据线8，其中的每一条都对应于单独的像素。合并有移位寄存器16的垂直驱动器26适时地控制选择线9和复位线10的电压。各条选择线9和各条复位线10对应于单独的像素线而设置。此外，在扫描脉冲产生电路27中产生扫描脉冲，并将其提供给各个像素。像素以矩阵形式布置的区域为显示区域28。 
虽然在上述示例中发光元件采用了有机EL元件，但是也可以使用其它电流驱动型的发光元件。 
部件列表 
1  元件 
2  驱动晶体管 
3  选择晶体管 
4  复位晶体管 
5  发光控制晶体管 
6  存储电容器 
7  耦合电容器 
8  数据线 
10 复位线 
11 发光控制线 
12 扫描线 
13 电源线 
14 阴极电极 
15 像素 
16 移位寄存器 
17 选择使能电路 
18 复位使能电路 
19 发光使能电路 
20 反相器 
21 开关 
22 开关 
23 基准电压线 
24 扫描电压线 
25 数据驱动器 
26 垂直驱动器 
27 扫描脉冲产生电路 
28 显示区域 

Claims (2)

1.一种具有以矩阵形式布置的像素的显示面板，各个像素包括：
耦合电容器，其一端连接于数据线；
选择晶体管，其一端连接于所述耦合电容器的另一端，并且其栅极连接于选择线；
驱动晶体管，其栅极连接于所述选择晶体管的另一端，所述驱动晶体管根据栅极电压提供电流；
发光元件，其连接于所述驱动晶体管的漏极，并且利用从所述驱动晶体管提供的电流来发光；
复位晶体管，其一端连接于所述驱动晶体管和所述发光元件的连接点，另一端连接于所述耦合电容器和所述选择晶体管的连接点，并且其栅极连接于复位线；
存储电容器，其一端连接于所述驱动晶体管的栅极，另一端连接于扫描线；
所述显示面板还包括：
垂直驱动器，该垂直驱动器用于控制所述选择线和所述复位线；
扫描脉冲产生电路，该扫描脉冲产生电路用于产生施加于所述扫描线的扫描脉冲，所述扫描脉冲具有交替地重复上升阶段和下降阶段的三角波；
导通装置，其用于导通所述复位晶体管和所述选择晶体管，当所述复位晶体管和所述选择晶体管导通时，所述驱动晶体管被二极管式地连接，使得电流流过并且与所述驱动晶体管的特性相对应的电压被写入所述耦合电容器，然后，在所述复位晶体管截止的情况下，所述选择晶体管导通，并通过所述耦合电容器将所述数据线的电压写入所述存储电容器；以及
施加装置，其用于将所述扫描脉冲施加于所述扫描线，以根据所述栅极电压来控制所述驱动晶体管的导通周期，由此控制发光。
2.根据权利要求1的显示面板，其中在所述驱动晶体管的漏极和所述复位晶体管的连接点与所述发光元件之间设置发光控制晶体管，并且
当所述复位晶体管导通时，所述发光控制晶体管截止。
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EP2255354B1 (en) 2013-04-24
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