CN101978255A - 评估衬底的模型的方法、检查设备和光刻设备 - Google Patents

评估衬底的模型的方法、检查设备和光刻设备 Download PDF

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CN101978255A
CN101978255A CN2009801093320A CN200980109332A CN101978255A CN 101978255 A CN101978255 A CN 101978255A CN 2009801093320 A CN2009801093320 A CN 2009801093320A CN 200980109332 A CN200980109332 A CN 200980109332A CN 101978255 A CN101978255 A CN 101978255A
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A·J·登鲍埃夫
H·A·J·克瑞姆
M·A·范德克尔克豪夫
H·P·M·派勒曼斯
M·埃伯特
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Abstract

本发明提出了一种评估衬底的模型的方法。使用第一波长的辐射进行散射测量。之后改变辐射的波长,且进行另外的散射测量。如果散射测量在波长范围上是一致的,那么模型是足够准确的。然而,如果散射测量随着波长变化而变化,那么衬底的模型是不充分准确的。

Description

评估衬底的模型的方法、检查设备和光刻设备
技术领域
本发明涉及例如可以用在通过光刻技术制造器件中的检查方法,且涉及通过使用光刻技术制造器件的方法。
背景技术
光刻设备是一种将所需图案应用到衬底上(通常应用到所述衬底的目标部分上)的机器。例如,可以将光刻设备用在集成电路(IC)的制造中。在这种情况下,可以将可选地称为掩模或掩模版的图案形成装置用于生成待形成在所述IC的单层上的电路图案。可以将该图案转移到衬底(例如,硅晶片)上的目标部分(例如,包括一部分管芯、一个或多个管芯)上。典型地,经由成像将所述图案转移到在所述衬底上设置的辐射敏感材料(抗蚀剂)层上。通常,单个衬底将包含连续形成图案的相邻目标部分的网络。公知的光刻设备包括:所谓步进机,在所述步进机中,通过将整个图案一次曝光到所述目标部分上来辐射每一个目标部分;以及所谓扫描器,在所述扫描器中,通过辐射束沿给定方向(“扫描”方向)扫描所述图案、同时沿与该方向平行或反向平行的方向同步扫描所述衬底来辐射每一个目标部分。还可以通过将所述图案压印到所述衬底上,而将所述图案从所述图案形成装置转移到所述衬底上。
为了监控光刻过程,期望测量图案化的衬底的参数,例如形成在所述衬底上或衬底中的连续层之间的重叠误差。存在用于对在光刻过程中形成的微观结构进行测量的各种技术,包括使用扫描电子显微镜和各种专门的工具。一种形式的专用检查工具是散射仪,其中辐射束被引导到衬底的表面上的目标上,且测量散射的或反射的束的性质。通过比较辐射束在它被衬底反射或散射之前和之后的性质,可以确定衬底的性质。这例如可以通过比较反射束与被储存在与已知的衬底性质相关的已知测量的库中的数据来完成。已知两种主要类型的散射仪。分光镜散射仪将宽带辐射束引导到衬底上,并测量被散射成特定的窄角度范围中的辐射的光谱(强度作为波长的函数)。角度分辨散射仪使用单频辐射束并测量作为角度的函数的散射辐射的强度。
散射测量术使用衬底的模型测量特征,例如特征的侧壁角度。然而,如果衬底的模型不准确,那么在所测量的特征中将产生大的误差。例如如果存在未包含在所述模型中的线边缘粗糙度,那么上述情况可能会发生。
发明内容
期望提供一种评估在散射测量术中使用的模型的准确度的方法。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供一种用于评估衬底的特征的模型的方法和设备,所述方法包括:使用具有已知辐射特性的辐射对衬底进行第一散射测量;通过使用所述第一散射测量确定所述衬底的所述特征的特性的值,所述辐射具有第一特性值;通过使用具有第二特性值的辐射进行第二散射测量;通过使用所述第二散射测量确定所述特征的所述特性的第二值;和比较所述特征的所述特性的第一值和第二值,以确定所述模型的准确性。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种检查设备和光刻设备,所述设备包括:辐射投影器,所述辐射投影器被配置成将辐射投影到所述衬底上,所述辐射具有辐射特性,所述辐射特性具有多个值;高数值孔径透镜;和探测器,所述探测器被配置成探测从所述衬底的表面反射的辐射束,其中,所述探测器被配置成将所述被探测的辐射分成多个子部分,每一子部分的辐射具有针对所述特性的不同的值。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种检查设备和光刻设备,所述设备包括成像傅里叶变换分光计。
附图说明
现在参照随附的示意性附图,仅以举例的方式,描述本发明的实施例,其中,在附图中相应的附图标记表示相应的部件,且其中:
图1示出了根据本发明的实施例的光刻设备;
图2示出了根据本发明的实施例的光刻单元或簇;
图3示出了根据本发明的实施例的第一散射仪;
图4示出了根据本发明的实施例的第二散射仪;
图5示出了根据本发明的实施例的流程图;
图6示出了显示由根据本发明的实施例的方法所获得的结果的图表;和
图7示出了根据本发明的实施例的傅里叶变换分光计。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出一种光刻设备。所述设备包括:照射系统(照射器)IL,配置用于调节辐射束B(例如,紫外(UV)辐射或深紫外
(DUV)辐射);图案形成装置支撑件或支撑结构(例如掩模台)MT,构造用于支撑图案形成装置(例如掩模)MA并与配置用于根据确定的参数精确地定位图案形成装置的第一定位装置PM相连;衬底台(例如晶片台)WT,构造用于保持衬底(例如涂覆有抗蚀剂的晶片)W,并与配置用于根据确定的参数精确地定位衬底的第二定位装置PW相连;和投影系统(例如折射式投影透镜系统)PL,所述投影系统PL配置用于将由图案形成装置MA赋予辐射束B的图案投影到衬底W的目标部分C(例如包括一根或多根管芯)上。
所述照射系统可以包括各种类型的光学部件,例如折射型、反射型、磁性型、电磁型、静电型或其它类型的光学部件、或其任意组合,以引导、成形、或控制辐射。
所述图案形成装置支撑件或支撑结构以依赖于图案形成装置的方向、光刻设备的设计以及诸如图案形成装置是否保持在真空环境中等其它条件的方式保持图案形成装置。所述图案形成装置支撑件可以采用机械的、真空的、静电的或其它夹持技术来保持图案形成装置。所述支撑结构可以是框架或台,例如,其可以根据需要成为固定的或可移动的。所述图案形成装置支撑件可以确保图案形成装置位于所需的位置上(例如相对于投影系统)。在这里任何使用的术语“掩模版”或“掩模”都可以认为与更上位的术语“图案形成装置”同义。
这里所使用的术语“图案形成装置”应该被广义地理解为表示能够用于将图案在辐射束的横截面上赋予辐射束、以便在衬底的目标部分上形成图案的任何装置。应当注意,被赋予辐射束的图案可能不与在衬底的目标部分上的所需图案完全相符(例如如果该图案包括相移特征或所谓辅助特征)。通常,被赋予辐射束的图案将与在目标部分上形成的器件中的特定的功能层相对应,例如集成电路。
图案形成装置可以是透射式的或反射式的。图案形成装置的示例包括掩模、可编程反射镜阵列以及可编程液晶显示(LCD)面板。掩模在光刻术中是公知的,并且包括诸如二元掩模类型、交替型相移掩模类型、衰减型相移掩模类型和各种混合掩模类型之类的掩模类型。可编程反射镜阵列的示例采用小反射镜的矩阵布置,每一个小反射镜可以独立地倾斜,以便沿不同方向反射入射的辐射束。所述已倾斜的反射镜将图案赋予由所述反射镜矩阵反射的辐射束。
这里使用的术语“投影系统”应该广义地解释为包括任意类型的投影系统,包括折射型、反射型、反射折射型、磁性型、电磁型和静电型光学系统、或其任意组合,如对于所使用的曝光辐射所适合的、或对于诸如使用浸没液或使用真空之类的其他因素所适合的。这里任何使用的术语“投影透镜”可以认为是与更上位的术语“投影系统”同义。
如这里所示的,所述设备可以是透射型的(例如,采用透射式掩模)。替代地,所述设备可以是反射型的(例如,采用如上所述类型的可编程反射镜阵列,或采用反射式掩模)。
所述光刻设备可以是具有两个(双台)或更多衬底台(和/或两个或更多的掩模台)的类型。在这种“多台”机器中,可以并行地使用附加的台,或可以在一个或更多个台上执行预备步骤的同时,将一个或更多个其它台用于曝光。
光刻设备还可以是至少一部分衬底可以被相对高折射率的液体(例如水)覆盖、以便填充投影系统和衬底之间的空间的类型。浸没液体还可以被施加至光刻设备中的其它空间,例如在掩模和投影系统之间。在本领域中,浸没技术用于增加投影系统的数值孔径是公知的。在此处所使用的术语“浸没”并不意味着诸如衬底的结构必须浸没在液体中,而仅仅意味着在曝光期间液体位于投影系统和衬底之间。
参照图1,所述照射器IL接收从辐射源SO发出的辐射束。该源和所述光刻设备可以是分立的实体(例如当该源为准分子激光器时)。在这种情况下,不会将该源考虑成形成光刻设备的一部分,并且通过包括例如合适的定向反射镜和/或扩束器的束传递系统BD的帮助,将所述辐射束从所述源SO传到所述照射器IL。在其它情况下,所述源可以是所述光刻设备的组成部分(例如当所述源是汞灯时)。可以将所述源SO和所述照射器IL、以及如果需要时设置的所述束传递系统BD一起称作辐射系统。
所述照射器IL可以包括用于调整所述辐射束的角强度分布的调整器AD。通常,可以对所述照射器的光瞳平面中的强度分布的至少所述外部和/或内部径向范围(一般分别称为σ-外部和σ-内部)进行调整。此外,所述照射器IL可以包括各种其它部件,例如积分器IN和聚光器CO。可以将所述照射器用于调节所述辐射束,以在其横截面中具有所需的均匀性和强度分布。
所述辐射束B入射到保持在图案形成装置支撑件(例如,掩模台)MT上的所述图案形成装置(例如,掩模)MA上,并且通过所述图案形成装置来形成图案。已经穿过图案形成装置(例如掩模)MA之后,所述辐射束B通过投影系统PL,所述投影系统PL将辐射束聚焦到所述衬底W的目标部分C上。通过第二定位装置PW和位置传感器IF(例如,干涉仪器件、线性编码器、2D编码器或电容传感器)的帮助,可以精确地移动所述衬底台WT,例如以便将不同的目标部分C定位于所述辐射束B的路径中。类似地,例如在从掩模库的机械获取之后,或在扫描期间,可以将所述第一定位装置PM和另一个位置传感器(图1中未明确示出)用于相对于所述辐射束B的路径精确地定位图案形成装置(例如掩模)MA。通常,可以通过形成所述第一定位装置PM的一部分的长行程模块(粗定位)和短行程模块(精定位)的帮助来实现图案形成装置支撑件(例如掩模台)MT的移动。类似地,可以采用形成所述第二定位装置PW的一部分的长行程模块和短行程模块来实现所述衬底台WT的移动。在步进机的情况下(与扫描器相反),所述图案形成装置支撑件(例如掩模台)MT可以仅与短行程致动器相连,或可以是固定的。可以使用掩模对准标记M1、M2和衬底对准标记P1、P2来对准图案形成装置(例如掩模)MA和衬底W。尽管所示的衬底对准标记占据了专用目标部分,但是它们可以位于目标部分之间的空间(这些公知为划线对齐标记)中。类似地,在将多于一个的管芯设置在掩模MA上的情况下,所述掩模对准标记可以位于所述管芯之间。
可以将所述设备用于以下模式中的至少一种中:
1.在步进模式中,在将图案形成装置支撑件(例如掩模台)MT和衬底台WT保持为基本静止的同时,将赋予所述辐射束的整个图案一次投影到目标部分C上(即,单一的静态曝光)。然后将所述衬底台WT沿X和/或Y方向移动,使得可以对不同目标部分C曝光。在步进模式中,曝光场的最大尺寸限制了在单一的静态曝光中成像的所述目标部分C的尺寸。
2.在扫描模式中,在对图案形成装置支撑件(例如掩模台)MT和衬底台WT同步地进行扫描的同时,将赋予所述辐射束的图案投影到目标部分C上(即,单一的动态曝光)。衬底台WT相对于图案形成装置支撑件(例如掩模台)MT的速度和方向可以通过所述投影系统PL的(缩小)放大率和图像反转特征来确定。在扫描模式中,曝光场的最大尺寸限制了单一动态曝光中所述目标部分的宽度(沿非扫描方向),而所述扫描运动的长度确定了所述目标部分的高度(沿所述扫描方向)。
3.在另一个模式中,将用于保持可编程图案形成装置的图案形成装置支撑件(例如掩模台)MT保持为基本静止,并且在对所述衬底台WT进行移动或扫描的同时,将赋予所述辐射束的图案投影到目标部分C上。在这种模式中,通常采用脉冲辐射源,并且在所述衬底台WT的每一次移动之后、或在扫描期间的连续辐射脉冲之间,根据需要更新所述可编程图案形成装置。这种操作模式可易于应用于利用可编程图案形成装置(例如,如上所述类型的可编程反射镜阵列)的无掩模光刻术中。
也可以采用上述使用模式的组合和/或变体,或完全不同的使用模式。
如图2所示,光刻设备LA形成光刻单元LC的一部分,所述光刻单元LC有时也被称为光刻单元(lithocell)或簇,其还包括在衬底上执行前曝光工艺和后曝光工艺的设备。通常,这些设备包括沉积抗蚀剂层的旋涂器SC、对经过曝光的抗蚀剂进行显影的显影器DE、激冷板CH和焙烤板BK。衬底搬运装置或机械手RO从输入/输出端口I/O1、I/O2拾取衬底,将它们在不同的处理设备之间移动,且之后将它们运送至光刻设备的进料台LB。通常将这些装置统称为轨道,它们受轨道控制单元TCU的控制,轨道控制单元自身被管理控制系统SCS控制,所述管理控制系统SCS还经由光刻术控制单元LACU来控制光刻设备。因此,可以操作不同的设备,以最大化生产量和处理效率。
为了由光刻设备曝光的衬底被正确地且一致地曝光,期望检查经过曝光的衬底,以测量诸如连续的层之间的重叠误差、线宽、临界尺寸(CD)等的性质。如果检测到误差,那么可以对随后的衬底的曝光进行调整,尤其是如果可以足够早和足够迅速地进行检查以使得同批次的其它衬底仍在待曝光时更是如此。另外,已经经过曝光的衬底可以被剥离和再加工以提高产率,或被丢弃,从而防止在已知有缺陷的衬底上进行曝光。在仅衬底的一些目标部分有缺陷的情形中,可以仅在衬底上那些合格的目标部分上进行另外的曝光。
检查设备用于确定衬底的性质,尤其是不同衬底的性质或同一衬底的不同层怎样从层至层变化。检查设备可以被集成到光刻设备LA或光刻单元LC中,或可以是独立的器件。为了使得能够最快地进行测量,期望检查设备在曝光之后立即测量经过曝光的抗蚀剂层中的性质。然而,抗蚀剂中的潜像(latent image)具有非常低的对比度,即在已经被辐射曝光的抗蚀剂部分和没有被辐射曝光的抗蚀剂部分之间的折射率仅具有非常小的差别,且并不是所有的检查设备都具有足够的灵敏度以对潜像进行有用的测量。因此,可以在通常作为在经过曝光的衬底上进行的第一步骤的曝光后焙烤步骤(PEB)之后进行测量,且增加经过曝光的和未曝光的抗蚀剂部分之间的对比度。在该阶段,抗蚀剂中的图像可以被称为半潜的(semi-latent)。还可以对经过显影的抗蚀剂图像进行测量(在这种情况下经过曝光的或未被曝光的抗蚀剂部分已被移除)或在诸如蚀刻的图案转移步骤之后再进行测量。后一种情况限制了再加工有缺陷的衬底的可能性,但是仍然可以提供有用的信息。
图3示出了可以用在本发明的一个实施例中的散射仪SM1。它包括宽带(白光)辐射投影器2,其将辐射投射到衬底W上。经反射的辐射被传送至分光计探测器4,其测量镜面反射的辐射的光谱10(作为波长(λ)的函数的强度(I))。根据该数据,可以由处理单元PU(例如通过严格耦合波分析和非线性回归或通过与在图3的下部显示的模拟的光谱的库进行比较)来重新构建导致被检测的光谱的结构或轮廓。通常,对于所述重建,已知所述结构的一般形式,且根据由所述结构进行的工艺的知识假定一些参数,从而仅使得所述结构的几个参数由散射测量的数据来确定。这样的散射仪可以被配置成正入射散射仪或斜入射散射仪。
在图4中显示出可以用于本发明的实施例的另一散射仪SM2。在这一装置中,由辐射源2发射的辐射通过使用透镜系统12进行聚焦,穿过过干涉滤光片13和偏振器17,被部分反射表面16反射,且经由显微物镜15聚焦到衬底W上,该显微物镜具有高的数值孔径(NA),优选地是至少0.9,更优选地是至少0.95。浸没散射仪甚至可以具有数值孔径超过1的透镜。之后,经过反射的辐射透射通过部分反射表面16至探测器18,以便使散射光谱被检测。探测器可以设置在后投影光瞳平面11中,其位于透镜系统15的焦距处,然而,光瞳平面可以替代地用辅助光学装置(未示出)再次成像到探测器上。光瞳平面是其中辐射的径向位置限定入射角且角度位置限定辐射的方位角的平面。探测器优选地是两维的探测器,使得衬底目标30的两维的角度散射光谱可以被测量。探测器18可以例如是CCD或CMOS传感器的阵列,且可以使用例如每帧40毫秒的积分时间。
例如,通常使用参考束来测量入射辐射的强度。为此,当辐射束入射到分束器16上时,该辐射束的一部分朝向参考反射镜14透射通过分束器,作为参考束。之后,参考束被投影到同一探测器18的一不同部分上。
一组干涉滤光片13能够选择在例如405-790nm或更低(例如200-300nm)的范围内的感兴趣的波长。干涉滤光片可以是可调谐的,而不是包括一组不同的滤光片。可以使用光栅来替代干涉滤光片。
探测器18可以测量单一波长(或窄波长范围)的被散射的辐射或光的强度,分别地测量在多个波长下的强度或集成到波长范围上的强度。此外,探测器可以分别地测量横向的磁极化和横向的电极化的辐射或光的强度、和/或横向的磁极化和横向的电极化的辐射或光的相位差。
使用宽带辐射或光源(即具有宽范围的辐射频率或波长,并且因此具有宽范围的颜色)是可以的,其提供了大的集光度(etendue),从而允许多个波长混合。宽带中的多个波长优选地每个具有δλ的带宽和至少2δλ的间距(即两倍带宽)。几个辐射源可以是扩展的辐射源的不同部分,其通过使用纤维束被分离。这样,可以并行地在多个波长下测量角度分辨散射光谱。可以测量3D光谱(波长和两个不同的角度),其包括比2D光谱更多的信息。这允许测量更多的信息,其增加了量测工艺的鲁棒性。这被在EP1,628,164A中更加详细地进行了描述。
衬底W上的目标30可以是光栅,其被印刷成使得在显影之后,条纹(bar)由实抗蚀剂线形成。可替代地,所述条纹可以被蚀刻到衬底中。该图案对于光刻投影设备中的色差是敏感的,尤其是在投影系统PL中,照射对称性和这样的像差的出现将表明它们在被印刷的光栅中的变化。因此,被印刷的光栅的散射测量数据用于重新构建光栅。诸如线宽和形状的光栅的参数可以根据印刷步骤和/或其它散射测量过程的知识而被输入到由处理单元PU进行的重建过程。
本发明的实施例是用于评估衬底上的特征的模型,且图5显示出在本发明的实施例中涉及的进程。在进程S1中,通过使用被评估的衬底的已知特性的辐射进行特征的散射测量。之后,在进程S2中,测量用于确定衬底的特征的特定特性,例如侧壁角度,的第一值。在进程S3中,改变辐射的波长,且之后在进程S4中进行同一特征的第二散射测量。之后在进程S5中确定衬底的特征的特定特性的第二值。在进程S6中可以比较特征的特性的这两个值。如果所述值是类似的,那么它表明该模型是准确的。然而,如果所述值不同,那么它可以表明该模型是不准确的。在一个实施例中,确定特征的特性的第二值是否落入到第一值的预定范围内。所述预定范围可以是第一值的一比例。
可以利用残差,而不是该特征的特定特性的值来用于评估模型。残差是由所测量的结构或轮廓造成的光瞳平面中的角度分辨光谱和由轮廓的重建结构所造成的光瞳平面中的角度分辨光谱之间的差。进行第一散射测量以确定第一残差。进行第二散射测量(在第一测量之后或与第一测量并行地),以确定第二残差。之后,比较第一残差和第二残差。如果残差类似,它表明模型是准确的。如果残差不同,那么它可以表明模型是不准确的。除了残差之外,还可以使用拟合优度来评估模型的品质,拟合优度被限定为测量的光瞳平面(即被测量的角度分辨光谱)和计算出的光瞳平面(即由重建的轮廓造成的角度分辨光谱)之间的平方相关(squared correlation)。
如图5所示,可以重复地改变辐射的特性,且进行重复的测量。进行的测量越多,越容易确定模型是否准确。图6示出了在多个波长处测量的已确定的侧壁误差(SWA-err)。通过使用节距为140nm和临界尺寸为55nm的密集的抗蚀剂光栅来获得这些结果。可见,侧壁误差中的变化很大,这表明模型是不完全准确的。
响应于模型是不准确的这种确定结果,模型可以被修改以包括另外的特征或调节存在的特征,例如线边缘粗糙度或顶部圆化或底部圆化。因此本发明的实施例能够对模型的准确性进行评估。
这一方法可以用于评估在模型中是否使用了适合数量的参数。例如使用了尽可能少的参数的模型可以被使用。在各种波长处进行散射测量,且如果结果在波长范围上是一致的,那么使用的参数的数量是足够的。然而,如果结果在波长范围上变化,那么另外的参数需要被添加,直到结果在波长范围上是一致的。对于每一衬底,可以重复这一过程,或可替代地对于每一批次的衬底仅重复一次。
尽管上述的实施例描述了对辐射波长调节,但是还可以调节辐射的其它特性,例如,衬底上的入射角、偏振或照射模式(TE或TM)。
可以使用诸如干涉滤光片、声光可调谐的滤光片结合氙灯或超连续光谱(supercontiniuum)激光器的传统方法,调节辐射的波长。可替代地,可以使用多个辐射源,每一辐射源具有不同的波长。可以通过使用例如成像分光计依次或同时测量不同波长的辐射。例如,彩色CCD可以用于测量三个彩色源的三个不同波长处的强度。为了方便,成像分光计可以设置在设备的探测支路上。
实现多个波长的可替代的方法是使用傅里叶变换分光计。在图7中显示出傅里叶变换分光计。在这一分光计中,束被通过分束器46分成两个束。第一束被固定位置反射镜48反射,第二束被移动的反射镜49反射。之后,两个束通过分束器再次结合。两个束相互干涉,所述干涉依赖于光学延迟,并且因此依赖于两个束之间的路径差。之后,用在多个位置处的移动的反射镜来测量强度,且确定光谱。为了确定准确的光谱,应当测量几百个强度:测量的强度越多,光谱越准确。之后,光谱经历傅里叶变换,以获得每一波长的测量值,且可以确定相关的参数。这样的傅里叶变换分光计应当与例如白光辐射或光源一起使用,其产生各种不同波长的辐射。傅里叶变换分光计可以放置在分光计的灯壳体内,或可替代地放置在其前面,或形成探测器18的一部分。
在实施例中,探测器被配置成将探测的辐射分成多个子部分,每一子部分的辐射对于所述特性来说具有不同的值。另外,检查设备还可以包括成像分光计,所述成像分光计被配置成将探测到的辐射分成多个子部分,每一子部分的辐射对所述特性来说具有不同的值。
尽管在本文中可以做出具体的参考,将所述光刻设备用于制造IC,但应当理解这里所述的光刻设备可以有其他的应用,例如,集成光学系统、磁畴存储器的引导和检测图案、平板显示器、液晶显示器(LCD)、薄膜磁头等的制造。本领域技术人员应该理解的是,在这种替代应用的情况中,可以将其中使用的任意术语“晶片”或“管芯”分别认为是与更上位的术语“衬底”或“目标部分”同义。这里所指的衬底可以在曝光之前或之后进行处理,例如在轨道(一种典型地将抗蚀剂层涂到衬底上,并且对已曝光的抗蚀剂进行显影的工具)、量测工具和/或检验工具中。在可应用的情况下,可以将此处公的开内容应用于这种和其它衬底处理工具中。另外,所述衬底可以处理一次以上,例如以便产生多层IC,使得这里使用的所述术语“衬底”也可以表示已经包含多个已处理层的衬底。
尽管以上已经做出了具体的参考,在光学光刻术的情形中使用本发明的实施例,但应该理解的是,本发明可以用于其他应用中,例如压印光刻术,并且只要情况允许,不局限于光学光刻术。在压印光刻术中,图案形成装置中的拓扑限定了在衬底上产生的图案。可以将所述图案形成装置的拓扑印刷到提供给所述衬底的抗蚀剂层中,在其上通过施加电磁辐射、热、压力或其组合来使所述抗蚀剂固化。在所述抗蚀剂固化之后,所述图案形成装置从所述抗蚀剂上移走,并在抗蚀剂中留下图案。
在此处使用的术语“辐射”和“束”包括全部类型的电磁辐射,包括紫外(UV)辐射(例如具有365、355、248、193、157或126nm或者约365、355、248、193、157或126nm的波长)和极紫外(EUV)辐射(例如具有在5-20nm范围内的波长)以及粒子束(诸如离子束或电子束)。
在上下文允许的情况下,所述术语“透镜”可以表示各种类型的光学部件中的任何一种或它们的组合,包括折射式、反射式、磁性式、电磁式和静电式光学部件。
尽管以上已经描述了本发明的特定的实施例,但是应该理解的是本发明可以以与上述不同的形式实现。例如,本发明的实施例可以采取包含用于描述上述公开的方法的一个或更多个机器可读指令序列的计算机程序的形式,或者采取具有在其中存储的这种计算机程序的数据存储介质的形式(例如,半导体存储器、磁盘或光盘)。
以上的描述是说明性的,而不是限制性的。因此,本领域的技术人员应当理解,在不背离所附的权利要求的保护范围的条件下,可以对本发明进行修改。

Claims (21)

1.一种评估衬底的特征的模型的方法,所述方法包括步骤:
使用具有已知辐射特性的辐射对所述衬底进行第一散射测量,所述辐射具有第一特性值;
使用所述第一散射测量来确定所述衬底的所述特征的特性的值或第一残差;
使用具有第二特性值的所述辐射进行第二散射测量;
使用所述第二散射测量来确定所述特征的所述特性的第二值或第二残差;和
比较所述特征的所述特性的所述第一值和所述第二值,或比较所述第一残差和所述第二残差,以确定所述模型的准确性。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括将所述辐射特性改变成第三值。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,还包括步骤:
使用具有第三特性值的辐射来进行第三散射测量;和
使用所述第三散射测量来确定所述特征的所述特性的第三值;
其中所述比较步骤比较所述特征的所述特性的所述第一值、所述第二值和所述第三值。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,还包括将所述辐射特性改变成第四值。
5.根据前述的权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,其中所述被改变的辐射特性是辐射的波长。
6.根据前述的权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,其中所述被改变的辐射特性是辐射的偏振。
7.根据前述的权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,其中所述被改变的辐射特性是所述衬底上的入射角。
8.根据前述的权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,其中所述被改变的辐射特性是所述辐射的照射模式。
9.根据前述的权利要求中的任一项所述的方法,其中所述比较步骤包括:确定所述特征的所述特性的所述第二值是否在所述第一值的预定范围内。
10.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述预定范围是所述第一值的一比例。
11.一种检查设备,所述检查设备被配置成测量衬底上的目标,所述设备包括:
辐射投影器,所述辐射投影器被配置成将辐射投影到所述衬底上,所述辐射具有辐射特性,所述辐射特性具有多个值;
高数值孔径透镜;和
探测器,所述探测器被配置成探测从所述衬底的表面反射的辐射,
其中,所述探测器被配置成将被探测的所述辐射分成多个子部分,每一子部分的辐射具有针对所述辐射特性的不同的值。
12.根据权利要求11所述的检查设备,其中在所述子部分之间不同的所述特性是波长。
13.根据权利要求11所述的检查设备,还包括成像分光计,所述成像分光计被配置成将所述被探测的辐射分成多个子部分,每一子部分的辐射具有针对所述辐射特性的不同的值。
14.一种检查设备,所述检查设备被配置成测量衬底上的目标,所述设备包括:
辐射投影器,所述辐射投影器被配置成将辐射投影到所述衬底上;
高数值孔径透镜;
探测器,所述探测器被配置成探测从所述衬底的表面反射的所述辐射;和
成像傅里叶变换分光计。
15.根据权利要求14所述的检查设备,其中所述成像傅里叶变换分光计布置在所述探测器中。
16.一种光刻设备,所述光刻设备包括:
照射系统,所述照射系统被布置以照射图案;
投影系统,所述投影系统被布置以将所述图案的图像投影到衬底上;和
检查设备,所述检查设备被配置成测量所述衬底上的目标,所述检查设备包括:
辐射投影器,所述辐射投影器被配置成将辐射投影到所述衬底上,所述辐射具有辐射特性,所述辐射特性具有多个值;
高数值孔径透镜;和
探测器,所述探测器被配置成探测从所述衬底的表面反射的辐射;
其中,所述探测器被配置成将所述被探测的辐射分成多个子部分,每一子部分的辐射具有针对所述辐射特性的不同的值。
17.根据权利要求16所述的检查设备,其中在所述子部分之间不同的所述辐射特性是波长。
18.根据权利要求16或17所述的检查设备,还包括成像分光计,所述成像分光计被配置成将所述被探测的辐射分成多个子部分,每一子部分的辐射具有针对所述辐射特性的不同的值。
19.一种光刻设备,所述光刻设备包括:
照射系统,所述照射系统被布置成照射图案;
投影系统,所述投影系统被布置以将所述图案的图像投影到衬底上;和
检查设备,所述检查设备被配置成测量所述衬底上的目标,所述检查设备包括:
辐射投影器,所述辐射投影器被配置成将辐射投影到所述衬底上;
高数值孔径透镜;
探测器,所述探测器被配置以探测从所述衬底的表面反射的所述辐射束;和
成像傅里叶变换分光计。
20.根据权利要求19所述的检查设备,其中所述成像傅里叶变换分光计被布置在所述照射系统中。
21.根据权利要求19或20所述的检查设备,其中所述成像傅里叶变换分光计布置在所述探测器中。
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IL208056A0 (en) 2010-12-30
WO2009124669A1 (en) 2009-10-15
NL1036734A1 (nl) 2009-10-12
KR101617644B1 (ko) 2016-05-03
TW200947148A (en) 2009-11-16
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IL243816A0 (en) 2016-04-21
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