CN101975571A - Method for automatically monitoring roadway deformation in real time - Google Patents
Method for automatically monitoring roadway deformation in real time Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for automatically monitoring roadway deformation in real time. The method comprises the following steps of: distributing cross section marks on a selected cross section of a tested roadway section and distributing a plurality of observation mark points on the cross section; erecting a mining camera probe towards a monitored roadway in a mode that a main optical axis is vertical to the tested cross section; observing the initial true distance between previously-measured observation points, wherein the initial true distance is displayed as a display distance on a computer image; and acquiring a video image of the tested roadway section, monitoring the change of the image on monitoring center software of a computer in real time, processing the video image and automatically recognizing the cross section marks and the observation mark points so as to obtain a relative deformation value and an absolute deformation value in different statistics time scales or calculate the size and the change of the roadway cross section. The method has the advantages of automatic, real-time, continuous and non-contact monitoring, safety and high efficiency. A monitoring result can provide bases for the design of a roadway support, roadway maintenance and the prevention of rock burst and a roof disaster.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the ore deposit and press observation and safety monitoring technology field, especially a kind of by monitoring the auto-real-time monitoring method of the roadway deformation of tunnel image in real time.
Background technology
In underground rock engineerings such as colliery, tunnel, there is a large amount of tunnels, be the main thoroughfare of personnel, vehicle pass-through, transportation equipment, material, mineral wealth, spoil and ventilation etc.The digging activity has destroyed the original stress equilibrium state of coal and rock, causes the redistribution of adopting the space ambient stress.After stress that roadway surrounding rock bore exceeds its intensity, cause surrouding rock deformation, move or destroy.Phenomenons such as roadway deformation mainly shows as and crushes, end distension, wall caving, the contraction of two nations are that the stress that causes redistributes or dynamic disaster releases energy causes by adopting.
Roadway deformation observation is the main contents that observation is pressed in the ore deposit, is the main foundation of roadway support design, roadway maintenance and rock burst, top board disaster prevention.
Roadway deformation observation generally is by laying measurement point, reference point at roadway surrounding rock or prop surface, by measurement point spacing or measurement point and the variation of reference point spacing that records, reacting the roadway deformation situation.Existing surrouding rock deformation means of testing and instrument mainly contain:
1) mechanical type.The principle of mechanical type testing tool is based on the mechanical drive principle, utilizes the stressed back of hardware to produce elastic deformation, and amplifies by kinematic train, by the registration device numerical value is shown.As measuring staff, survey rifle etc.
Measuring staff generally is used for the monitoring of tunnel and the relative amount of shifting near of stope roof and floor, mainly form by live bar, sleeve pipe, scale, spring etc., the bar of living makes measuring staff firmly be supported on the roof and floor intercardinal by spring force in sleeve, can read distance between two points by the nonadjustable signal on the bar of living, with measured value last time relatively the relative amount of shifting near.
Survey the surperficial relative displacement that rifle is used to measure tunnel, surrounding rock of chamber all directions, mainly read tape measure and form, will survey the chi joint during measurement and hang on the measuring point of installing in advance, top another measuring point that touches of rifle to be measured by rifle body and survey, note tape reading, with the relative amount of shifting near of measured value comparison last time.
The mechanical type surveying instrument mostly is contact type measurement, has that cost is low, simple to operate, the advantage of little interference by environment; But the one-shot measurement measuring point is limited, and workload is big during multimetering, and bigger to producing influence, it is bigger that measurement result is influenced by human factor, and precision is low, is that discontinuity is measured, and real-time is poor.
2) ultrasonic ranging method.The principle of ultrasonic ranging is that to utilize the aerial velocity of propagation of ultrasound wave be known, measures sound wave and run into the time that barrier reflects after emission, calculates the actual range of launching site to barrier according to the mistiming that transmits and receives.This method has the advantage of non-cpntact measurement, but existing mining product measuring accuracy is generally on the low side.
3) laser ranging method.Laser ranging method is to utilize laser that the distance of target is accurately measured, penetrate a branch of very thin laser to target during work, by photovalve receiving target laser light reflected bundle, timer is measured laser beam from being transmitted into the time of reception, calculates from the laser instrument range-to-go.The laser ranging instrument is divided into one dimension laser range finder, scanning laser range finder such as laser section detector and three-dimensional laser stadimeter such as three-dimensional laser scanner.Laser ranging method can be used between the measuring point of tunnel distance measurements, profiled outline measurement etc., has the characteristics of measuring accuracy height, non-cpntact measurement, but when multi-measuring point measurement, multibreak planar survey, data volume is big, and Measuring Time is long, so continuity, real-time are relatively poor.
4) total powerstation, half station instrument mensuration.Total powerstation, half station instrument are the instrument of surveying and mappings of specialty, be widely used in precise engineering survey or deformation monitorings such as heavy construction on the ground and construction of underground tunnel, particularly along with the appearance of mining half station instrument, total powerstation, this technology is also popularized in roadway deformation observation field gradually.This method have establish freely that station, dirigibility are strong, non-cpntact measurement, the high characteristics of precision, still need manual intervention but measure, and data acquisition is asynchronous with data processing, can't real time on-line monitoring, can't carry out emergency processing to emergency condition.
5) Close Up Photogrammetry (ZL200810049859).Close-range photogrammetry is to be introduced into the technology that is used for roadway deformation observation in recent years, it is to utilize specialty to measure camera is taken two different angles continuously to same characteristic portion photograph, obtain the three dimensional space coordinate of monitoring point after the image processing, calculate the displacement of monitoring point with different coordinate figures constantly.This method can obtain the absolute displacement of measuring point, has the characteristics of measuring accuracy height, strong interference immunity, non-cpntact measurement, but this method still needs the manually-operated camera, and data acquisition and data processing are asynchronous, can't real time on-line monitoring.
In a word, existing method and instrument need manual intervention more, and observation or reading need manually-operated, and automaticity is low, and personal security is poor when the serious tunnel section of disaster is observed; Twice measurement has the long time interval, generally be to survey once every day, and be discontinuity observation, can't realize continuous monitoring, therefore can only reflect the deflection in tunnel between twice observation constantly, situations such as the non-distortion of at the uniform velocity being out of shape, happening suddenly can't be reflected in real time; The one-shot measurement measuring point is limited, can only reflect the distortion between the measured point, and quantity of information is limited, poor synchronization; The observation workload is big, and is bigger to producing influence sometimes; It is bigger that measurement result is influenced by human factor, and precision is lower.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters: the objective of the invention is to overcome the weak point in the prior art, a kind of auto-real-time monitoring method that monitoring tunnel image is automatic, real-time, continuous, roadway deformation is monitored in noncontact of passing through is provided.
Technical scheme: the auto-real-time monitoring method of roadway deformation of the present invention:
(1) select at least one section in the tunnel section of selecting, lay the section sign on section, section is masked as the section sign board of the band section sequence number of being convenient to discern from image;
(2) lay a plurality of observation monument points on each section, observation monument point is for ease of the measuring point sign board of the band observation station sequence number discerned from image;
(3) fixedly set up mining camera probe, towards monitored tunnel section, the probe primary optical axis is perpendicular to tested section, and is connected with power supply, communication system and computer monitoring center, shows the video image of monitored tunnel section;
(4) before the observation, earlier with the initial object space distance L between each observation monument point on each section of tape measure
Nij, be shown as corresponding picture side apart from l on the computer video image this moment
Nij, obtain scale-up factor k between object space and the picture side
Nij=L
Nij/ l
Nij
(5) after the observation beginning, camera probe is gathered tested tunnel section video image in real time, is uploaded to the computer monitoring center, shows the image of tested tunnel section in real time;
(6) the computer monitoring center software is handled in real time to video image automatically:
Extract section sign and observation monument point, obtain the picture side's distance between each observation monument point on each section, and then calculate the relative deformation in the selected timing statistics yardstick, by scale-up factor k between relative deformation and corresponding object space and the picture side
NijObtain the absolute deformation value;
Be linked in sequence with each the observation monument point on the section, delineate out the drift section profile automatically, calculate the drift section size;
(7) the relative deformation value of the selected timing statistics yardstick of query display, absolute deformation value and section size and change curve in time thereof on terminal computer;
In needs are understood tested tunnel section during the distortion of other arbitrary cross-section, on terminal computer, manually monitored tunnel section screen image is checked and handled, add up in this section arbitrarily between the Chosen Point the relative deformation value in the seclected time section and the variation of section.
Described a plurality of observation station is at least four, and the observation monument point lays respectively at tunnel center of top, tunnel bottom center, a left side, tunnel central authorities of group and central authorities of right group when being four; Described mining camera probe is mining general visible probe or mining infrared probe.
Beneficial effect:
(1) has the advantage that monitoring range is big and real-time continuous is monitored, realization is to multibreak, full face real-time, continuous and synchronous monitoring of roadway deformation, the monitoring information amount is big, real-time is good, record tunnel that can be complete is in difference distortion situation constantly, can reflect roadway deformation situation and early warning coal rock dynamic disaster etc. in real time, be convenient to timely unusual circumstance; Can obtain the firsthand information of disaster accident, disaster evaluation, accident treatment are had great significance.
(2) can carry out automatically and the noncontact monitoring roadway deformation, the scene need not personnel operation during monitoring, and security is good, particularly still can monitor by this method under high risk condition; Reduce labor strength, improve the automatization level that roadway deformation monitoring and information are utilized.
(3) utilize existing mine monitor network to implement monitoring, reduced input cost, improved benefit, be convenient to implement.
(4) can adapt to various coal and rock and supporting condition, easy and simple to handle, strong interference immunity; Applied range, functional strong, the ore deposit be can be widely used in and monitoring and forecast, coal rock dynamic disaster monitoring and forecast pressed, can be mine support design, roadway maintenance, top board diaster prevention and control etc. foundation is provided.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the process flow diagram of the auto-real-time monitoring of roadway deformation of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 2 is auto-real-time monitoring measuring point position synoptic diagram of roadway deformation of the present invention.
Among the figure: I, II, III-section sign board, 1., 2.～8.-observation monument point on each section.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing one embodiment of the present of invention are further described:
The auto-real-time monitoring method step of roadway deformation of the present invention is as follows:
(1) selects to observe the tunnel section of distortion at first according to demand, in this tunnel section, select at least one section, be illustrated in figure 2 as and in the section of tunnel, selected three sections,, on three sections, be respectively equipped with section sign board I, II, III for ease of from image, discerning;
(2) lay a plurality of observation monument points on each section, observation monument point is for ease of the measuring point sign board of the band observation station sequence number discerned from image, as observation monument point 1., 2.～8. wait; The observation monument point is at least four, and the observation monument point lays respectively at tunnel center of top, tunnel bottom center, a left side, tunnel central authorities of group and central authorities of right group when being four, mainly observe the distortion of drift section on vertical direction and horizontal direction;
(3) fixedly set up mining camera probe, towards monitored tunnel section, the probe primary optical axis is perpendicular to tested section, and is connected the video image of the monitored tunnel of demonstration section on the computing machine with power supply, communication system and computer monitoring center; Mining camera probe is mining general visible probe or mining infrared probe;
(4) measure the initial object space distance L between each observation monument point on each section before the observation
Nij(wherein subscript n is the section sequence number, and i and j are observation monument point sequence number on the n section, and i ≠ j), be shown as corresponding picture side apart from l on the computer video image this moment
Nij, obtain scale-up factor k between object space and the picture side
Nij=L
Nij/ l
Nij
(5) after the observation beginning, camera probe is gathered tested tunnel section video image in real time, is uploaded to the ground monitoring center in real time, in real time the variation of display video image;
(6) the computer monitoring center software is handled in real time to video image automatically:
Extract section sign and observation monument point, calculate automatically t constantly on each section the real-time picture side between each observation monument point apart from Sl
Nijt, calculate the selected timing statistics yardstick (relative deformation (Sl in the t1～t2)
Nijt1-Sl
Nijt2)/Sl
Nijt1, positive number is represented drawdown deformation; Calculate t constantly on each section the real-time object space between each observation monument point apart from SL
Nijt=Sl
Nijt* k
Nij, SL during t=0
Nijt=L
NijCalculate selected timing statistics yardstick (the absolute deformation value SL in the t1～t2)
Nijt1-SL
Nijt2, positive number is represented drawdown deformation;
Computer monitoring center software automatic sequence connects with each the observation monument point on the section, delineates out the drift section profile, and calculates this section size of tunnel;
(7) query display goes out to select the relative deformation value, absolute deformation value of timing statistics yardstick and section size and change curve in time thereof on terminal computer software;
In needs are understood tested tunnel section during the distortion of other arbitrary cross-section, on terminal computer, manually monitored tunnel section screen image is checked and handled, add up in this section arbitrarily between the Chosen Point the relative deformation value in the seclected time section and the variation of section.
Monitoring result can be roadway support design, roadway maintenance and bump, the top board disaster prevention provides foundation, the method has automatically, in real time, continuously, non-contact monitoring and safety, efficient advantage.
Claims (3)
1. the auto-real-time monitoring method of a roadway deformation is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) select at least one section in the tunnel section of selecting, lay the section sign on section, section is masked as the section sign board of the band section sequence number of being convenient to discern from image;
(2) lay a plurality of observation monument points on each section, observation monument point is for ease of the measuring point sign board of the band observation station sequence number discerned from image;
(3) fixedly set up mining camera probe, towards monitored tunnel section, the probe primary optical axis is perpendicular to tested section, and is connected with power supply, communication system and computer monitoring center, shows the video image of monitored tunnel section;
(4) before the observation, earlier with the initial object space distance L between each observation monument point on each section of tape measure
Nij, be shown as corresponding picture side apart from l on the computer video image this moment
Nij, obtain scale-up factor k between object space and the picture side
Nij=L
Nij/ l
Nij
(5) after the observation beginning, camera probe is gathered the video image of tested tunnel section in real time, is uploaded to the computer monitoring center, shows the video image of tested tunnel section in real time;
(6) the computer monitoring center software is handled in real time to video image automatically:
Extract section sign and observation monument point, obtain the picture side's distance between each observation monument point on each section, and then calculate the relative deformation in the selected timing statistics yardstick, by scale-up factor k between relative deformation and corresponding object space and the picture side
NijObtain the absolute deformation value;
Be linked in sequence with each the observation monument point on the section, delineate out the drift section profile automatically, calculate the drift section size;
(7) the relative deformation value of the selected timing statistics yardstick of query display, absolute deformation value and section size and change curve in time thereof on terminal computer;
In needs are understood tested tunnel section during the distortion of other arbitrary cross-section, on terminal computer, manually monitored tunnel section screen image is checked and handled, add up in this section arbitrarily between the Chosen Point the relative deformation value in the seclected time section and the variation of section.
2. the auto-real-time monitoring method of roadway deformation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described a plurality of observation stations are at least four.
3. the auto-real-time monitoring method of roadway deformation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described mining camera probe is mining general visible probe or mining infrared probe.
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