CN113107527A - Multi-level supporting process and monitoring method for roadway with large rock burst - Google Patents
Multi-level supporting process and monitoring method for roadway with large rock burst Download PDFInfo
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- CN113107527A CN113107527A CN202110445121.7A CN202110445121A CN113107527A CN 113107527 A CN113107527 A CN 113107527A CN 202110445121 A CN202110445121 A CN 202110445121A CN 113107527 A CN113107527 A CN 113107527A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/006—Lining anchored in the rock
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/107—Reinforcing elements therefor; Holders for the reinforcing elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/021—Grouting with inorganic components, e.g. cement
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-level supporting process and a monitoring method for a large-impact-ground roadway, which are characterized in that a supporting system with the characteristics of flexibility, dynamic state and multiple supporting units fault tolerance is adopted from the initial supporting of the roadway, the view point that the traditional supporting can only be passively loaded is changed according to surrounding rocks as a supporting body, the mechanical state of the surrounding rocks is improved by multiple means, the surrounding rocks in a discrete and opposite state are fully consolidated from loosening, broken, loosened and soft sublimation is changed into a high-density strong homogeneous novel surrounding rock body, the shallow part of the surrounding rocks is changed from a low potential energy zone into a higher stress potential energy zone, the aim of relieving deep high stress transmission or change speed is achieved, on the basis of continuously improving the self strength of the surrounding rocks, a loosened surrounding rock zone after the roadway is excavated is changed from a loading body into a real supporting body, in the construction process of the roadway and after the construction is finished, daily mine pressure monitoring and controlling work is well done, the roadway deformation and the working state of the anchor rod can be mastered, and the safety of roadway support is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mine roadway support, in particular to a multi-level support process and a monitoring method.
Background
Along with the increase of mining depth of a mining area, the geological conditions of a mine become more complex, difficult factors influencing mine construction appear from multiple sides, particularly, faults with different sizes cut, break and separate the mine field, great difficulty is brought to mine mining, particularly, the fault causes rock breaking and stress difference of a fault section to be increased, meanwhile, the fault is often communicated with water in an aquifer in a coal seam top bottom plate to flow into the fault section, so that the broken rock in the fault section is transformed into argillization and even forms a water outlet channel, and difficulty is brought to normal construction of the mine, however, the mine has to ensure safety through the faults due to production capacity and well field arrangement requirements, construction of roadway engineering under the action of high confined water, argillization, fault breaking zones and asymmetric pressure, and strong support and later support control over the stability of surrounding rocks, and is an important and complex technical problem in underground engineering in the world nowadays, the traditional supporting concept of the fault zone under the conditions of high confined water, argillization and asymmetric stress, such as strong supporting modes of a steel metal shed, an ultrahigh-strength anchor rod, a dense anchor rope and the like, cannot be adapted, and the roadway under the conditions of high confined water, a fault fracture zone, argillization and asymmetric stress generally has the characteristics of buried deep and high ground stress, argillization rheology, extremely soft fracture, easy falling and the like, and can still deform for many times after the roadway is supported.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the multi-level supporting process and the monitoring method for the roadway with large impact ground pressure are provided, firstly, starting from the initial supporting of the roadway, namely, a supporting system with the characteristics of flexibility, dynamic property and multiple supporting units fault tolerance is adopted, so that the long-term dynamic maintenance of the roadway is easy, the waste of manpower, material resources and materials is reduced, and secondly, on the basis of monitoring and monitoring, the roadway deformation is subjected to secondary grouting reinforcement in due time, and the supporting working resistance is recovered in time.
The invention aims to provide a multi-level supporting process and a monitoring method for a roadway with large impact ground pressure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a multi-level supporting process for a roadway with large impact ground pressure comprises a multi-level supporting construction process, grouting time interval arrangement and grouting construction process flows.
The multi-level support construction process comprises the following steps: digging a barren section, cleaning and stripping dangerous stones in a roadway, after primarily spraying concrete with the thickness of 100mm on the inner wall of the roadway, drilling a common top anchor rod on the roadway, hanging ropes and an upper tray on the anchor rod which is driven into a rock body, re-spraying concrete with the thickness of 100mm on the inner wall of the roadway, drilling a grouting anchor rod hole, installing the grouting anchor rod in the grouting anchor rod hole which is just drilled, wherein the installation angle of the grouting anchor rod is vertical to the arrangement of a top plate and a rock layer on the upper semicircle, and uniformly arranging according to the arch circle of the roadway and the interval requirement of the grouting anchor rod, arranging holes with the bottom angle grouting anchor rod 50-100 mm lower than a bottom plate, arranging the downward inclination angle at more than 35-50 degrees, firstly injecting grout into the bottom angle grouting anchor rod according to sequence, then injecting grout into two groups of grouting anchor rods, and simultaneously injecting grout from bottom to top, finally injecting grout into the arch grouting anchor rod, and gradually injecting grout into the vicinity of a water outlet hole from a far distance, and (3) adopting intermittent grouting near the water outlet hole, then re-spraying concrete with the thickness of 80mm on the inner wall of the roadway, drilling a common roof anchor rod on the roadway, hanging a rope and net mixture on the anchor rod and installing a tray, spraying concrete with the thickness of 60mm on the inner wall of the roadway, constructing forwards according to the construction cycle, performing secondary grouting when the construction distance reaches 4-5 m, and performing tertiary grouting after the construction of the third grouting in the roadway fault construction area is finished.
Wherein, the grouting time interval is divided into three times of grouting, when the construction of the roadway bottom is finished, the grouting and advanced grouting of the roadway bottom are carried out immediately, after each cycle is finished, the advanced grouting is required to be carried out to ensure the continuous safe construction under the condition of consolidating the surrounding rock, the grouting time generally depends on the requirements of the grout inlet amount and the grouting final pressure to be met, when the time is too long and the grout inlet amount is too large, the reason is found, if the situations of grout leakage and leakage exist, immediate treatment is needed, then when the three whole cycles of second-level support are finished and carried out for 4000mm, a pressure relief groove is excavated simultaneously, primary grouting is carried out, the pressure relief groove is transferred, the high stress of the surrounding rock is slowly released and balanced, the surrounding rock crack is expanded simultaneously, the purpose of full grouting in the surrounding rock body is ensured, and finally, when the construction of third-level support is finished and carried out for 14000-29000 mm, namely, the secondary grouting is carried out in the whole cross point construction, in, the leakage phenomenon is caused, the grouting time must be controlled while the grouting pressure and the grouting amount are controlled, so that the grouting time is not too long or too fast to realize stable pressure grouting as far as possible, and according to the actual conditions specified in the operation regulations, one hole can be grouted for 15-30 minutes to meet the requirements.
The grouting construction process flow comprises material conveying, slurry mixing, control of a grouting pump and orifice pipeline connection, cement and water are required to be mixed into cement slurry according to a specified water-cement ratio through the material conveying and the slurry mixing, quantitative water glass is added before grouting is conducted, the phenomena of slurry suction, choke blockage and the like are avoided in the grouting process, slurry parameters are adjusted according to needs, a grouting pump is controlled to be started and stopped timely according to the grouting change condition of a roadway, the grouting pressure of the grouting pump is observed constantly, the phenomenon of pipe collapse due to blockage is avoided, the orifice pipeline connection is required to pay attention to the front grouting condition, accidents such as slurry leakage and pipe blockage are found timely, the grouting amount and the grouting pressure are mastered, and a grouting valve is removed and cleaned timely.
The method comprises the following steps that a pierced face excavated in the multi-level supporting construction process is a horseshoe-shaped section, the upper half part of the pierced face is in a semicircular arch shape, the bottom of the pierced face is in a three-center arch shape, four spraying layers are required to be sprayed on the top and the upper part of the pierced face, one spraying layer is a primary spraying layer and is supported by spraying concrete, the two spraying layers and the three spraying layers are supported by combining anchor spraying and steel wire ropes, the row spacing of anchor rod plants is 700mm multiplied by 700mm, two installed anchor rods are arranged in a staggered mode, the row spacing of the total plant is 350mm multiplied by 350mm, the steel wire ropes are arranged in a vertically and horizontally staggered mode, the arrangement specification of the steel wire ropes is the same as that of the anchor rods, the four spraying layers are supported by combining anchor grouting and a metal net, the metal net is a; the bottom of the barren section needs to be sprayed for three times, wherein one spraying layer is a primary spraying layer and is supported by sprayed concrete, the second spraying layer adopts an anchor injection supporting mode, the third spraying layer adopts a combined supporting mode of anchor injection and a metal net, the metal net adopts a reinforcing steel bar square grid, and the mesh specification is 100mm multiplied by 100 mm.
The distance between the grouting anchor rods in the multi-layer support construction process is 1400 multiplied by 1400 mm, the distance between the second grouting anchor rods is 1500 multiplied by 1500 mm, the grouting material used in the multi-layer support construction process is designed according to high-grade cement, a coagulant is not generally accelerated except for drenching water so as to ensure the long-term strength of the solidified grout, the proportion of grout cement to water is 1: 0.6-0.8 in the first grouting grout proportion, the proportion of grout for the second grouting is slightly less than the concentration of grout for the first grouting and is 1: 0.8-1.0, and the grout is mechanically stirred so as to ensure the grout stirring strength.
A monitoring method for a multi-level supporting process of a roadway with large impact ground pressure comprises a monitoring process in roadway construction and a monitoring process after construction is finished, roadway deformation and the working state of an anchor rod can be mastered by observing the roadway, supporting design is verified or optimized, the safety of roadway supporting is ensured, roadway convergence deformation and anchor rod stress observation are required to be carried out during primary supporting, convergence deformation observation is required to be carried out during the whole service period of the roadway after secondary supporting, and monitoring are important links of whole-process dynamic supporting and dynamic management.
The monitoring process in the roadway construction adopts a small-class self-inspection system, an area-to-day inspection system, a team day-to-day inspection system and a company and mine spot inspection system, main inspection contents comprise anchor rod anchoring force, initial anchor force, anchor rod angle, metal mesh lap joint, steel wire rope joint and the like, original records are required to be filled, the records are real and reliable and cannot be changed randomly, and the specific inspection method is executed according to a method established by mines.
After the construction is finished, the monitoring process adopts a cross point distribution method for observation, a group of observation points are distributed at intervals of 3 meters, the main observation contents comprise two-side approach amount, top plate settlement amount, floor heave amount and the like, a special person is required to monitor the monitoring during fault construction, and the accuracy of data is ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. by starting from the initial support of the roadway, namely adopting a support system with the characteristics of flexibility, dynamic property and fault tolerance of a plurality of support units, and taking the surrounding rock as a supporting body, the traditional view that the support can only be passively loaded is changed, the mechanical state of the surrounding rock is improved by various means, the surrounding rock in a discrete anisotropic state is fully consolidated from loosening and rises from broken loosening and softness to a novel high-density strong homogeneous surrounding rock body, the shallow part of the surrounding rock is converted from a low potential energy band to a higher stress potential energy band, so that the aim of relieving deep high stress transmission or change speed is fulfilled, on the basis of continuously improving the self strength of the surrounding rock, the loose surrounding rock circle after the roadway is excavated is changed from the loading body to a real supporting body to be a unit of the supporting body, so that the long-term dynamic maintenance of the roadway is easy, the waste of manpower, material resources and materials is reduced, and the method has better practicability and creativity;
2. by doing daily mine pressure monitoring and monitoring work in the roadway construction process and after construction is finished, roadway deformation and the working state of an anchor rod can be mastered, supporting design is verified or optimized, the safety of roadway supporting is ensured, roadway convergence deformation and anchor rod stress observation are required to be carried out during primary supporting, convergence deformation observation is required to be carried out in the whole service period of the roadway after secondary supporting, on the basis of monitoring and monitoring, secondary grouting reinforcement is carried out in due time aiming at roadway deformation, supporting working resistance is timely recovered, and monitoring are important links of whole-process dynamic supporting and dynamic management.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall process of a multi-level supporting process of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a construction process of a multi-level supporting process of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a grouting period arrangement of a multi-level supporting process of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a grouting construction process flow of the multi-level supporting process.
Fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a monitoring method of a multi-level supporting process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-4, a multi-level supporting process for a roadway with large impact ground pressure comprises a multi-level supporting construction process, a grouting period arrangement and a grouting construction process flow.
The multi-level supporting construction process comprises the following steps: digging a barren section, cleaning and stripping dangerous stones in a roadway, after primarily spraying concrete with the thickness of 100mm on the inner wall of the roadway, drilling a common top anchor rod on the roadway, hanging ropes and an upper tray on the anchor rod which is driven into a rock body, re-spraying concrete with the thickness of 100mm on the inner wall of the roadway, drilling a grouting anchor rod hole, installing the grouting anchor rod in the grouting anchor rod hole which is just drilled, wherein the installation angle of the grouting anchor rod is vertical to the arrangement of a top plate and a rock layer on the upper semicircle, and uniformly arranging according to the arch circle of the roadway and the interval requirement of the grouting anchor rod, arranging holes with the bottom angle grouting anchor rod 50-100 mm lower than a bottom plate, arranging the downward inclination angle at more than 35-50 degrees, firstly injecting grout into the bottom angle grouting anchor rod according to sequence, then injecting grout into two groups of grouting anchor rods, and simultaneously injecting grout from bottom to top, finally injecting grout into the arch grouting anchor rod, and gradually injecting grout into the vicinity of a water outlet hole from a far distance, the method comprises the steps of adopting intermittent grouting near a water outlet hole, then re-spraying concrete with the thickness of 80mm on the inner wall of a roadway, drilling a common roof anchor rod on the roadway, hanging a rope and net mixture on the anchor rod and installing a tray, spraying 60mm concrete on the inner wall of the roadway, constructing forwards according to the construction cycle, performing secondary grouting when the construction distance reaches 4-5 m, performing third grouting after the construction is finished in a roadway fault construction area, theoretically, a support body is a closed cylindrical structure, the structure is the most stable, the external force resistance capability of the support body is the strongest, spraying concrete on the surface of surrounding rock to seal the surrounding rock according to the principle, adopting a multi-spraying-layer closed structure with steel wire ropes hung outside the anchor rod, enabling the steel wire ropes to be tightly attached among layers, and enabling the steel wire ropes with extremely strong tensile strength and shearing strength to be radial bones, and achieving a strong and tough key support unit of a seal layer, namely the strong and tough seal layer, on one hand, the injected slurry is prevented from flowing outwards, so that the pressure is kept; on the other hand, the support is combined with the surrounding rock into a whole, and provides extremely high radial toughness tension and extremely high circumferential shearing resistance for the surrounding rock, so that the first layer of support has extremely high strength and integrity, and the safety of each subsequent support unit and the whole construction process is ensured.
The grouting time interval is divided into three times of grouting, when the construction of the roadway bottom is finished, the grouting and advanced grouting at the roadway bottom are carried out immediately, after each cycle is finished, the advanced grouting is required to be carried out to ensure the continuous safe construction under the condition of consolidating the surrounding rock, the grouting time generally depends on the requirements of the grouting amount and the final pressure of grouting to be met, when the time is too long and the grouting amount is too large, the reason is found, if the situations of slurry leakage and slurry leakage exist, immediate treatment is needed, then after the three whole cycles of second-level support are finished and carried out for 4000mm, a pressure relief groove is excavated simultaneously, primary grouting is carried out, the pressure relief groove is transferred, the high stress of the surrounding rock is slowly released and balanced, the cracks of the surrounding rock are expanded simultaneously, the purpose of full grouting in the surrounding rock is ensured, and finally, when the construction of third-level support is finished for 14000-00 mm, namely, the secondary grouting is carried out after the construction of the whole intersection is finished, in, causing leakage, controlling grouting pressure and grouting amount and controlling grouting time to ensure that grouting time is not too long and not too fast to realize stable pressure grouting as much as possible, according to the requirements of actual conditions in the operation regulations, one hole can be injected for carrying out the requirements according to 15-30 minutes, the difference of the mud absorption amount of the surrounding rock is larger due to the non-uniformity of the crack loosening range and the difference of the lithology of the surrounding rock, therefore, according to the principle of effectively reinforcing the surrounding rock to reach a certain diffusion radius and saving grouting materials and grouting time, the first grouting amount can be controlled to be 8-10 bags of cement, according to the actual roadway displacement state on site and special situations when drilling is carried out, the grouting amount can be properly increased by taking no slurry leakage as a limit, the second grouting amount can be generally controlled to be 6-8 bags of cement, but the pressure does not reach the grouting final pressure requirement and can meet the grouting pressure requirement.
The grouting construction process flow comprises the steps of transporting materials, stirring the slurry, controlling a grouting pump and connecting the grouting pump with an orifice pipeline, wherein the transporting materials and the stirring the slurry need to mix cement and water into cement slurry according to a specified water-cement ratio, adding a fixed amount of water glass before grouting, ensuring that the phenomena of slurry sucking, choke blockage and the like do not occur in the grouting process, adjusting slurry parameters according to needs, controlling the grouting pump, immediately starting and stopping the grouting pump according to the grouting change condition of a roadway, constantly paying attention to the grouting pressure of the grouting pump so as to avoid the phenomena of pipe blockage and pipe collapse, connecting the orifice pipeline, paying attention to the front grouting condition, timely finding the accidents of slurry leakage, pipe blockage and the like, grasping the grouting amount and the grouting pressure, removing and cleaning a grouting valve in time, adopting an orifice-closed full-hole section pressure-stabilizing grouting mode, grouting according to the sequence from bottom to top, obtaining good grouting effect and effectively shortening the grouting time, during grouting, a maintainer needs to continuously check the integrity of grouting equipment and pipelines so as to ensure that the grouting work is continuously carried out.
The method comprises the following steps that a pierced face excavated in the multi-level supporting construction process is a horseshoe-shaped section, the upper half part of the pierced face is in a semicircular arch shape, the bottom of the pierced face is in a three-center arch shape, four spraying layers are required to be sprayed on the top and the upper part of the pierced face, one spraying layer is a primary spraying layer and is supported by spraying concrete, the two spraying layers and the three spraying layers are supported by combining anchor spraying and steel wire ropes, the row spacing of anchor rod plants is 700mm multiplied by 700mm, two installed anchor rods are arranged in a staggered mode, the row spacing of the total plant is 350mm multiplied by 350mm, the steel wire ropes are arranged in a vertically and horizontally staggered mode, the arrangement specification of the steel wire ropes is the same as that of anchor spraying, the four spraying layers are supported by combining anchor spraying and metal nets, the metal nets are square; the bottom of the barren section needs to be sprayed for three times, wherein one spraying layer is a primary spraying layer and is supported by sprayed concrete, the second spraying layer adopts an anchor injection supporting mode, the third spraying layer adopts a combined supporting mode of anchor injection and a metal net, the metal net adopts a reinforcing steel bar square grid, and the mesh specification is 100mm multiplied by 100 mm.
The distance between the grouting anchor rods in the multi-layer support construction process is designed to be 1400 multiplied by 1400 mm on the first layer, the distance between the grouting anchor rods in the second grouting is designed to be 1500 multiplied by 1500 mm, the grouting material used in the multi-layer support construction process is designed according to high-grade cement, a coagulant is not generally accelerated except for drenching water so as to ensure the long-term strength of the solidified grout, the proportion of grout cement to water is 1: 0.6-0.8 in the first grouting grout proportion, the proportion of grout in the second grouting is slightly smaller than the concentration of grout in the first grouting is 1: 0.8-1.0, and the grout is mechanically stirred so as to ensure the grout stirring strength.
The embodiment can realize that: by starting from the initial support of the roadway, namely adopting a support system with the characteristics of flexibility, dynamic property and fault tolerance of a plurality of support units, and taking the surrounding rock as a supporting body, the traditional view that the support can only be passively loaded is changed, the mechanical state of the surrounding rock is improved by various means, the surrounding rock in a discrete anisotropic state is fully consolidated from loosening and rises from broken loosening and softness to a novel high-density strong homogeneous surrounding rock body, the shallow part of the surrounding rock is converted from a low potential energy band to a higher stress potential energy band, so that the aim of relieving deep high stress transmission or change speed is fulfilled, on the basis of continuously improving the self strength of the surrounding rock, the loose surrounding rock circle after the roadway is excavated is changed from the loading body to the real supporting body and becomes a unit of the supporting body, so that the roadway is easy to maintain dynamically for a long time, the waste of manpower, material resources and materials is reduced, and the roadway supporting device has better practicability and creativity.
Example 2
As shown in figure 5, a monitoring method for the multi-level supporting process of a tunnel with large impact ground pressure comprises a monitoring process in tunnel construction and a monitoring process after the construction is finished, tunnel deformation and the working state of an anchor rod can be mastered by observing the tunnel, the supporting design is verified or optimized by the monitoring process, the safety of tunnel supporting is ensured, tunnel convergence deformation and anchor rod stress observation are carried out during primary supporting, convergence deformation observation is carried out during the whole using period of the tunnel after secondary supporting, monitoring and monitoring are important links of whole-process dynamic supporting and dynamic management, timely dynamic pressure stabilization and pressure retention grouting are carried out in changed surrounding rocks under the monitoring and monitoring condition, a certain slurry pressure is prestored in the surrounding rocks, and the purposes of changing the tissue structure, the stress transmission speed and the stress retention state of a rock mass and complementing each form of the surrounding rocks are achieved, the broken, loose and weak surrounding rocks are converted into the supporting ring body of the high-density, strong and homogeneous surrounding rocks with the same property, so that great breakthrough on the supporting theory and the supporting technology is realized. When the roadway deforms, secondary grouting reinforcement is needed, on one hand, the time and the space suitable for the secondary grouting reinforcement are controlled, generally, when the side wall and top moving amount of the roadway reaches 50-100 mm, the bottom plate moving amount reaches 150mm, and the newly damaged and generated cracks and re-expanded cleavage of surrounding rock are basically developed and formed, the time for moving and transmitting the stress of the initial support pressure is the time for ending and starting the climax again, and the time for controlling the stress movement and transmission of the surrounding rock to be reinforced is the best time for re-grouting; on the other hand, to correctly grasp the grouting parameters of grouting reinforcement, the key is to grasp the state that the supporting body cannot cross over the fatigue resistance and to timely recover each supporting unit to be in the working resistance state.
In the process of monitoring in the roadway construction, a small-class self-inspection system, a district inspection system, a team inspection system and a company and mine spot inspection system are adopted, main inspection contents comprise anchor rod anchoring force, initial anchor force, anchor rod angle, metal mesh lap joint, steel wire rope connection and the like, original records are required to be filled, the records must be real and reliable and cannot be changed randomly, and the specific inspection method is executed according to a method established by mines. A group of measuring points are required to be arranged in a roadway at 10 meters, a mine side is responsible for monitoring, during construction, the local movement variable of the roadway and the movement variable of roadway deformation are monitored, the conditions of roadway width and height movement variable are included, and the special emphasis is placed on the condition of heaving floor.
After the construction is finished, the monitoring process adopts a cross point distribution method to observe, a group of observation points are distributed at intervals of 3 meters, the main observation contents comprise the moving distance of two sides, the sinking amount of a top plate, the floor heave amount and the like, the monitoring is required to be carried out by a special office worker during the fault construction period, and the accuracy of data is ensured. Monitoring the time of the roadway beginning to deform and destroy through an observation point, determining that the time is very important for measuring a displacement variable, a displacement speed and a displacement period, and observing the deformation speed of the roadway through the observation point, wherein the deformation speed of the roadway is divided into two recording conditions of deformation after repair and deformation after anchor injection, the surrounding rock with high deformation speed is considered to be formed within 10 days (the deformation is more than 30-50 mm), and the surrounding rock with stable variation speed is considered to be formed without obvious variation within 10 days (the deformation is within 0-5 mm).
The embodiment can realize that: by doing daily mine pressure monitoring and monitoring work in the roadway construction process and after construction is finished, roadway deformation and the working state of an anchor rod can be mastered, supporting design is verified or optimized, the safety of roadway supporting is ensured, roadway convergence deformation and anchor rod stress observation are required to be carried out during primary supporting, convergence deformation observation is required to be carried out in the whole service period of the roadway after secondary supporting, on the basis of monitoring and monitoring, secondary grouting reinforcement is carried out in due time aiming at roadway deformation, supporting working resistance is timely recovered, and monitoring are important links of whole-process dynamic supporting and dynamic management.
The invention relates to a multi-level supporting process and a monitoring method, when in use, firstly, a rough section is dug out, dangerous stones in a stripped roadway are cleaned, then, after concrete with the thickness of 100mm is initially sprayed on the inner wall of the roadway, a common top anchor rod is drilled on the roadway, ropes and pallets are hung on the anchor rod which is drilled into rock mass, concrete with the thickness of 100mm is re-sprayed on the inner wall of the roadway, a grouting anchor rod hole is drilled, the grouting anchor rod is installed in the grouting anchor rod hole which is just drilled, the installation angle of the grouting anchor rod is perpendicular to a top plate and rock bedding in the upper semicircle, the grouting anchor rod is evenly arranged according to the requirements of the arch circle of the roadway and the interval of the grouting anchor rod, the bottom angle grouting anchor rod is lower than a bottom plate by 50-100 mm and has the downward inclination angle of more than 35-50 degrees, grout is injected into the bottom angle grouting anchor rod in sequence, then grout is injected into two grouting anchor rods, and the two sides are simultaneously grouted from, finally, grouting the arch grouting anchor rod with grout, gradually grouting the water outlet hole from a far distance in the vicinity of the water outlet hole, adopting intermittent grouting in the vicinity of the water outlet hole, then re-spraying concrete with the thickness of 80mm on the inner wall of the roadway, drilling a common roof anchor rod on the roadway, hanging a rope, a net and a tray on the anchor rod, spraying concrete with the thickness of 60mm on the inner wall of the roadway, constructing forwards according to the construction cycle, performing secondary grouting when the construction distance reaches 4-5 m, and performing third grouting after the construction of the roadway fault construction area is finished, and secondly, adopting a small duty self-check, an area, a team day check, a company and a mine sampling check system in the monitoring process in the roadway construction process, wherein the main check contents comprise anchor rod anchoring force, initial anchoring force, anchor rod angle, metal net lap joint, steel wire rope connection and the like, and requiring to make an original record that the record is real and reliable, the method is implemented according to a method established by mines, finally, the monitoring process after construction is carried out by adopting a cross point distribution method, a group of observation points are distributed at intervals of 3 meters, the main observation contents comprise two-side approaching amount, top plate sinking amount, floor heave amount and the like, the problem that a special person is required to monitor the construction period of the fault is solved, and the accuracy of data is ensured, the supporting problems of F2 fault zone passing through Donghua lump-230 horizontal return air tunnel, F2 fault zone passing through 480 horizontal belt tunnel, SF15 fault zone passing through 690 horizontal south wing transportation large tunnel, F23 large fault zone passing through 650 horizontal wing stone door of Ministribushiyage division company of Ministribushiyao, and F19 and F19-1 fault zone passing through Zhuangxian ore two-horizontal belt conveyor cross points of Huaibei mines are solved successfully, and the deformation of the laneway of Ministribusiness is monitored within a specified range completely according to the monitoring from 2 to 5 years, the trend has been towards stabilization, which by the successful implementation of the project has proven the reliability and economy of the project technology.
Claims (8)
1. A multi-level supporting process for a roadway with large impact ground pressure is characterized in that: the method comprises a multi-level supporting construction process, grouting time interval arrangement and grouting construction process flows;
the multi-level support construction process comprises the following steps: digging a barren section, cleaning and stripping dangerous stones in a roadway, after primarily spraying concrete with the thickness of 100mm on the inner wall of the roadway, drilling a common top anchor rod on the roadway, hanging ropes and an upper tray on the anchor rod which is driven into a rock body, re-spraying concrete with the thickness of 100mm on the inner wall of the roadway, drilling a grouting anchor rod hole, installing the grouting anchor rod in the grouting anchor rod hole which is just drilled, wherein the installation angle of the grouting anchor rod is vertical to the arrangement of a top plate and a rock layer on the upper semicircle, and uniformly arranging according to the arch circle of the roadway and the interval requirement of the grouting anchor rod, arranging holes with the bottom angle grouting anchor rod 50-100 mm lower than a bottom plate, arranging the downward inclination angle at more than 35-50 degrees, firstly injecting grout into the bottom angle grouting anchor rod according to sequence, then injecting grout into two groups of grouting anchor rods, and simultaneously injecting grout from bottom to top, finally injecting grout into the arch grouting anchor rod, and gradually injecting grout into the vicinity of a water outlet hole from a far distance, and (3) adopting intermittent grouting near the water outlet hole, then re-spraying concrete with the thickness of 80mm on the inner wall of the roadway, drilling a common roof anchor rod on the roadway, hanging a rope and net mixture on the anchor rod and installing a tray, spraying concrete with the thickness of 60mm on the inner wall of the roadway, constructing forwards according to the construction cycle, performing secondary grouting when the construction distance reaches 4-5 m, and performing tertiary grouting after the construction of the third grouting in the roadway fault construction area is finished.
2. The multi-level supporting process for the roadway with the large impact ground pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the grouting time interval is divided into three times of grouting, when the construction of the roadway bottom is finished, the grouting and advanced grouting at the roadway bottom are carried out immediately, after each cycle is finished, the advanced grouting is required to be carried out to ensure the continuous safe construction under the condition of consolidating the surrounding rock, the grouting time generally depends on the requirements of the grouting amount and the final pressure of grouting to be met, when the time is too long and the grouting amount is too large, the reason is found, if the situations of slurry leakage and slurry leakage exist, immediate treatment is needed, then after the three whole cycles of second-level support are finished and carried out for 4000mm, a pressure relief groove is excavated simultaneously, primary grouting is carried out, the pressure relief groove is transferred, the high stress of the surrounding rock is slowly released and balanced, the cracks of the surrounding rock are expanded simultaneously, the purpose of full grouting in the surrounding rock is ensured, and finally, when the construction of third-level support is finished for 14000-00 mm, namely, the secondary grouting is carried out after the construction of the whole intersection is finished, in, the leakage phenomenon is caused, the grouting time must be controlled while the grouting pressure and the grouting amount are controlled, so that the grouting time is not too long or too fast to realize stable pressure grouting as far as possible, and according to the actual conditions specified in the operation regulations, one hole can be grouted for 15-30 minutes to meet the requirements.
3. The multi-level supporting process for the roadway with the large impact ground pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the grouting construction process flow comprises material conveying, slurry mixing, control of a grouting pump and orifice pipeline connection, cement and water are required to be mixed into cement slurry according to a specified water cement ratio through the material conveying and the slurry mixing, quantitative water glass is added before grouting is conducted, the phenomena of slurry suction choke blockage and the like are avoided in the grouting process, slurry parameters are adjusted according to needs, a grouting pump is started and stopped timely according to the grouting change condition of a roadway, the grouting pressure of the grouting pump is observed constantly, the phenomenon of pipe collapse due to blockage is avoided, the orifice pipeline connection needs to pay attention to the front grouting condition, accidents such as slurry leakage and pipe blockage are found timely, the grouting amount and the grouting pressure are mastered, and a grouting valve is dismantled and cleaned timely.
4. The multi-level supporting process for the roadway with the large impact ground pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that a pierced face excavated in the multi-level supporting construction process is a horseshoe-shaped section, the upper half part of the pierced face is in a semicircular arch shape, the bottom of the pierced face is in a three-center arch shape, four spraying layers are required to be sprayed on the top and the upper part of the pierced face, one spraying layer is a primary spraying layer and is supported by spraying concrete, the two spraying layers and the three spraying layers are supported by combining anchor spraying and steel wire ropes, the row spacing of anchor rod plants is 700mm multiplied by 700mm, two installed anchor rods are arranged in a staggered mode, the row spacing of the total plant is 350mm multiplied by 350mm, the steel wire ropes are arranged in a vertically and horizontally staggered mode, the arrangement specification of the steel wire ropes is the same as that of the anchor rods, the four spraying layers are supported by combining anchor spraying and metal nets, the metal nets are square steel; the bottom of the barren section needs to be sprayed for three times, wherein one spraying layer is a primary spraying layer and is supported by sprayed concrete, the second spraying layer adopts an anchor injection supporting mode, the third spraying layer adopts a combined supporting mode of anchor injection and a metal net, the metal net adopts a reinforcing steel bar square grid, and the mesh specification is 100mm multiplied by 100 mm.
5. The multi-level supporting process for the roadway with the large impact ground pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the distance between every two grouting anchor rods in the multi-layer support construction process is 1400 multiplied by 1400 mm, the distance between every two grouting anchor rods is 1500 multiplied by 1500 mm, the grouting materials used in the multi-layer support construction process are designed according to high-grade cement, a coagulant is not generally accelerated except for drenching water so as to ensure the long-term strength of the solidified grout, the proportion of the grout cement to the water is 1: 0.6-0.8 in the first grouting grout proportion, the proportion of the second grouting grout is slightly less than the concentration of the first grouting grout and is 1: 0.8-1.0, and the grout is mechanically stirred so as to ensure the grout stirring strength.
6. A monitoring method for a multi-level supporting process of a large-impact-ground roadway is characterized by comprising the following steps: the monitoring process comprises the monitoring process in roadway construction and the monitoring process after the construction is finished, the roadway is observed, the roadway deformation and the working state of an anchor rod can be mastered, the supporting design is verified or optimized, the safety of roadway supporting is ensured, roadway convergence deformation and anchor rod stress observation are required during primary supporting, convergence deformation observation is required during the whole service period of the roadway after secondary supporting, and monitoring is an important link of whole-process dynamic supporting and dynamic management.
7. The method for monitoring the multi-level supporting process of the roadway with the large impact ground pressure as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the monitoring process in the roadway construction adopts a small-class self-inspection system, a district inspection system, a team inspection system and a company and mine spot inspection system, main inspection contents comprise anchor rod anchoring force, initial anchor force, anchor rod angle, metal mesh lap joint, steel wire rope connection and the like, original records are required to be filled, the records must be real and reliable and cannot be changed randomly, and the specific inspection method is executed according to a method established by mines.
8. The method for monitoring the multi-level supporting process of the roadway with the large impact ground pressure as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the monitoring process after the construction is finished, a cross point distribution method is adopted for observation, a group of observation points are distributed at intervals of 3 m, the main observation contents comprise the moving distance of two sides, the sinking distance of a top plate, the floor heave and the like, a special person for a shift is required to monitor during the fault construction period, and the accuracy of data is ensured.
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