CN108534701A - The photogrammetric structure of cavern's convergence monitoring and method - Google Patents
The photogrammetric structure of cavern's convergence monitoring and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108534701A CN108534701A CN201810658362.8A CN201810658362A CN108534701A CN 108534701 A CN108534701 A CN 108534701A CN 201810658362 A CN201810658362 A CN 201810658362A CN 108534701 A CN108534701 A CN 108534701A
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 4
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
- G01C15/02—Means for marking measuring points
- G01C15/06—Surveyors' staffs; Movable markers
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of photogrammetric structure of cavern's convergence monitoring and method, at least one convergence measuring point of setting in cavern's section；Base ruler is mounted on the convergence measuring point, and the base ruler is parallel with cavern's section；It is provided with camera in front of cavern's section.The present invention has preferably handled photogrammetric middle basic point problem, and complicated photogrammetric data process problem is simplified, and provides a kind of quick, efficient, high-precision convergent monitoring means in cavern.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to project security monitoring field, the photogrammetric structure of especially a kind of cavern's convergence monitoring and method.
Background technology
Cavern con struction is most common engineering structure type in engineering construction, and the underground engineering in power station, city rail are handed over
The seepage tunnel etc. in tunnel, hydraulic engineering that logical shield method is formed can be described as ubiquitous, and cavern is constructing and running
Monitoring in journey is necessary, and wherein convergence monitoring is very important means, usually has cavern's monitoring just to have convergence monitoring, with
Current technology means have convergence gauge cooperation convergence pile, total powerstation cooperation conventional means, Ba Saite collective systems and optical fiber
The new and high technologies such as grating monitoring.Convergence gauge Method And Principle simple, intuitive, but when cavern is larger or operation side is relatively low from measuring point
When, it operates extremely difficult；Total powerstation cooperation prism method requires working base point to be relatively fixed, but the cavern con struction phase is difficult to have
Fixed basic point provides, and the factors such as big, prism protection difficulty of data processing work amount limit the application range of this method in addition；
The high investment of Ba Saite collective systems and FBG monitoring can only not be conventional method in extremely individual engineer applications.
Traditional close range photogrammetry method had application in cavern's deformation monitoring, but all unsuccessful, one of the main reasons
It is photogra to not having common photo control point (basic point) relatively fixed to carrying out to image in (stereo must be as to)
To, relative orientation can only be carried out according to photography basic point (survey station), and the cavern in cavern's monitoring especially work progress is supervised
It surveys, fixed base point is difficult to find, therefore traditional photography measurement method precision is limited, and data processing model and process are very numerous
Miscellaneous, precision also is difficult to reach ideal state.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is in view of the shortcomings of the prior art, provide a kind of cavern's convergence monitoring photography
Measurement structure and method improve measurement accuracy, simplify processing procedure.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of cavern's convergence monitoring is photogrammetric
Structure, the interior at least one convergence measuring point of setting of cavern's section；Be mounted with base ruler on the convergence measuring point, and the base ruler with it is described
Cavern's section is parallel；It is provided with camera in front of cavern's section；When photography, the convergence measuring point is equipped with reflecting sign.
The photography axis of the camera improves shooting precision perpendicular to cavern's section
The convergence measuring point quantity is 3, and the line of 3 convergences measuring point between any two constitutes equilateral triangle, and
When photography, the photo of shooting has several overlappings, restrains measuring point at least 2 or more in each breadth.
It is acquired n-th using the difference of the convergence survey line length monitored for the first time and the convergence survey line length of n-th of cycle monitoring
Period restrains the deformation values of survey line；Convergence survey line i.e. two restrain the line between measuring point.
Section 12m in cavern's described in the camera distance.
The base ruler includes base foot bar；The base foot bar is equipped with multiple base ruler marks；Base foot bar one end passes through company
Fitting is fixed on the monitoring point rock mass in country rock face, and the base foot bar is vertical with the country rock face.
The connector includes nut and expansion bolt；The expansion bolt is installed by drilling perpendicular to the country rock face
On the rock mass of monitoring point；Described nut one end is connect with the expansion bolt, and the other end is connect with the base foot bar.
Correspondingly, the present invention also provides a kind of cavern's convergence monitoring photogrammetric survey methods comprising following steps：
1) it utilizes following formula to obtain and measures actual range S for the first timeAB0：
Wherein, A0The base ruler length measured for the first time for the convergence measuring point A being set on cavern's section；B0To be set to cavern
The base ruler length that convergence measuring point B on section is measured for the first time；TA、TBBase ruler precision length at respectively convergence measuring point A, B；AB0
For the length of convergence survey line AB on the photo of cavern's section of camera shooting；
2) the actual range S that n-th measures is calculatedABn：
AnThe base ruler length measured for the convergence measuring point A n-ths being set on cavern's section；BnTo be set to cavern's section
On convergence measuring point B n-ths measure base ruler length；
3) convergency value of the n-th cycle monitoring of convergence survey line AB is
Compared with prior art, the advantageous effect of present invention is that：The present invention preferably handled it is photogrammetric in
Basic point problem simplifies complicated photogrammetric data process problem, provides a kind of quick, efficient, high-precision cavern
Convergent monitoring means.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is schematic structural view of the invention；
Fig. 2 is data processing schematic diagram one of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is data processing schematic diagram two of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is test result figure of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is base ruler structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Such as Fig. 1, basic tool of the present invention is base ruler and photographic goods, and base ruler is made of low-expansion material, and both ends have bright
Aobvious index point, index point are made of reflectorized material, as photogrammetric index point；Photographic goods are the high pixel list in full width face
Reverse phase machine, in matching large aperture, short focus tight shot, and mating reflector lamp.For cavern's section 1, there are several to dispose base
The convergence measuring point 2 of ruler, base ruler is vertically disposed on the convergence measuring point of each design, and, reflecting sign direction parallel with section
Photography point is disposed before photographing, is removed after the completion, does not influence cavern con struction, and construction will not cause base ruler to damage, before camera work
First check being arranged in each base ruler of monitoring section, base ruler whether be parallel to section, photography operation when whether intervisibility state is good
Whether good, image (reflecting sign) is clear, and when photography uses according to lens focus and section size selection detachment face suitable distance
High pixel digital single-lens reflex camera 3 photographs to monitoring section, makes photography axis perpendicular to section as possible, is taken the photograph for the first time with cycle monitoring
Movie queen obtains photo and answers several to be overlapped if section measuring point is more and ensure there are 2 or 2 or more measuring points in each breadth, together
When select optimum efficiency photo when taking several to handle with breadth when shooting more.
It is similar with other monitoring means, it is also duplicate measurements based on the caverns Ji Chi convergence monitoring photogrammetric survey method.
Such as Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, photogrammetric photo is high pixel digital photograph, and when processing, photogrammetric photo can be known for the first time
Do not go out following data, i.e.,：
The base ruler length pixel value A of measuring point A0；
The base ruler length pixel value B of measuring point B0；
The base ruler length pixel value C of measuring point C0；
The pixel value AB of survey line AB length0；
The pixel value AC of survey line AC length0；
The pixel value BC of survey line BC length0；
Since base ruler length is that fixed and each base ruler is almost the same, base ruler precision length is TA、TB、TC, therefore can lead to
Cross the actual range of the measurement for the first time S that following formula acquires AB, AC and BCAB0、SAC0And SBC0：
It is identical as photogrammetric photo disposal for the first time, the photogrammetric photo of n-th can be made, with principle processing, can to obtain
The actual range S measured to the n-th of AB, AC and BCABn、SACnAnd SBCn:
For this purpose, having achieved the purpose that cavern's convergence monitoring.For example the convergency value that the N phases of AB surveys line monitor is
Test examples of the present invention are certain hydroelectric project access tunnel monitoring section, cavern's spring of arch about 8m, abutment wall distance
About 6m, which is circular arc type, lower part is rectangular, and section is disposed with the convergence monitoring of 3 measuring points, respectively vault and 2
Abutment wall, i.e., 3 convergence lines, 3 measuring points machined 3 sets of base rulers respectively, often cover base ruler and correspond to corresponding number measuring point, when duplicate measurements
Not cross-reference eliminates systemic fixed error.
Before operation, the impact drilling Ф 10mm are used in the vertical scar direction of convergence section convergence point position of design,
The stainless steel expansion bolts of M10 are installed, it is desirable that screw rod there can be no less than 8.0mm to appear to install base ruler after firm screw, such as long
The screw of expansion bolt can not enough be changed into thin slice screw to ensure enough length of appearing by degree.Base ruler is low swollen using Ф 8.0mm
Swollen lightweight graphite bars processing, base foot bar length 800mm have red and white per foundation ruler both endsType mark, and mating base ruler
Pedestal screw and expansion bolt are for installing, and by drilling, vertical country rock face is mounted at monitoring point, and when installation pays attention to ensureing spiral shell
The up rightness of bolt and scar is substantially at approximately the same plane with monitoring section after so that base ruler is disposed, in each measuring point before operation of photographing
Base ruler is disposed, and adjusts mark direction as possible towards photography point, base ruler is removed and kept properly after photography, each base ruler corresponds to
Number measuring point disposes.
Experiment uses the mating II mating 1.4 aperture 50mm tight shots of Canon 6DMARK of high pixel full width face digital camera,
Photo distance can photograph to section comprehensively more than 10m, since construction light source can not use fill-in light with normal photographing
Source, at section about 12m cavern ground handheld camera carried out the shooting of continuous automatic mode, photo works well, by prison
Survey design requirement and carried out primary shooting in every 3 days, carried out one month by a definite date 10 phase contrast tests altogether, when shooting equal camera positions
It is basically unchanged, while ensureing that photo understands, works well, at the same time use traditional convergence gauge method and measured,
To verify the feasibility based on the caverns Ji Chi convergence monitoring photogrammetric survey method.
When data processing, AutoCAD is first used to measure the base ruler length of length value measuring point A, B, C of each each element of phase photo
Pixel value AB, AC, BC of pixel value A, B, C and survey line AB, AC, BC；Survey line actual range S is calculated according to above-mentioned formulaAB、
SACAnd SBC.The difference of the survey line length of the survey line length and cycle monitoring that monitor for the first time can obtain the receipts in each survey line each period
Hold back the deformation values of survey line.Test result such as Fig. 4.
Test result shows that a kind of based on the caverns Ji Chi convergence monitoring photogrammetric survey method to reach 1/10000 relatively smart
Degree, for the cavern within 10m, convergence precision can reach ± 1.0mm, meet monitoring accuracy requirement.
It is verified through real work, is based on the caverns Ji Chi convergence monitoring photogrammetric survey method, advantageous effect is：
1) principle is simple, corollary equipment is at low cost；
2) it does not influence to construct, while also not by construction infection；
3) data processing is easy, quickly can handle and feed back.
4) base ruler of the present invention is placed on the convergence measuring point of each design, and parallel with section, and base ruler uses low bulk
Material is made, and both ends have apparent index point, index point to be made of reflectorized material, for photograph identification of photographing.
The base ruler structure of the present invention as shown in figure 5, its by base foot bar 31, base ruler mark 32, base ruler bottom end nut 33 and swollen
Swollen bolts 34 etc. form, and expansion bolt 34 is mounted on monitoring point rock mass by the vertical rock mass face 35 that drills, and firm, requires simultaneously
Exposed thread part is sufficiently used for installation base foot bar.
Base foot bar is processed using Ф 8.0mm low bulk lightweight graphite bars, and base foot bar length 600mm, both ends notch is smooth,
Base ruler mark is processed using 1.0mm thickness aluminium alloy plates, and a diameter of 60mm is round, is had on markType icon, base ruler bottom end nut are adopted
With the processing of Ф 20.0mm brass (stainless steel material can also be used to process), length 35mm, one end processes Ф 8.0mm depths 10mm circles
Base foot bar can be placed in circular hole by hole, and the other end processes M10.0mm depth 20mm screw holes, for being connect with expansion bolt.It processes
At rear assembly, all-purpose adhesive first is respectively adopted in 2 base ruler marks and is pasted onto base foot bar both ends, wherein one end there are 10mm heads,
Another then head is bonded with one of base ruler mark, it is desirable that 2 mark centers are overlapped with bar center line, and require 2 marks
Index plane completely in one plane, later by there are in the circular hole that base ruler bottom end nut is inserted into header one end, it is desirable that be inserted into
To bottom hole, and require base foot bar that can rotate to adjust mark alignment photography point direction but cannot to loosen.
It photographs before operation, the impact drilling Ф is used in the vertical scar direction of convergence section convergence point position of design
10mm installs the stainless steel expansion bolts of M10, it is desirable that and screw rod can have no less than 8.0mm to appear to install base ruler after firm screw,
As length not enough can change the screw of expansion bolt into thin slice screw to ensure enough length of appearing.
Example is certain hydroelectric project access tunnel monitoring section, and cavern's spring of arch about 8.0m, which is circular arc
Type, lower part are rectangular, and section is disposed with the convergence monitoring of 3 measuring points, respectively vault and 2 abutment walls, i.e., 3 convergence lines, 3 surveys
Point machined 3 sets of base rulers respectively, often covers base ruler and corresponds to corresponding number measuring point, not cross-reference, eliminates systemic fixed error.
Expansion bolt is installed at measuring point, installation pays attention to ensureing the up rightness of bolt and scar, base ruler is made to dispose before operation
It is substantially at approximately the same plane with monitoring section afterwards, to ensure the tightness of data processing, is disposed in each measuring point before operation of photographing
Base ruler, and mark direction is adjusted as possible towards photography point, base ruler is removed and kept properly after photography, each base ruler reference numeral
Measuring point disposes.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of photogrammetric structure of cavern's convergence monitoring, which is characterized in that at least one convergence of setting is surveyed in cavern's section (1)
Point (4)；Base ruler (3) is mounted on the convergence measuring point (4), and the base ruler (3) is parallel with cavern's section (1)；It is described
It is provided with camera (2) in front of cavern's section (1)；When photography, the convergence measuring point (4) is equipped with reflecting sign.
2. convergence monitoring photogrammetric structure in cavern's according to claim 1, which is characterized in that camera (2) are taken the photograph
The axis of shadow is perpendicular to cavern's section (1).
3. convergence monitoring photogrammetric structure in cavern's according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the convergence measuring point (4)
Quantity is 3.
4. convergence monitoring photogrammetric structure in cavern's according to claim 3, which is characterized in that 3 convergences measuring point
(4) line between any two constitutes equilateral triangle, and when photographing, and the photo of shooting has several overlappings, in each breadth at least
There are 2 or more to restrain measuring point.
5. convergence monitoring photogrammetric structure in cavern's according to claim 4, which is characterized in that utilize the receipts monitored for the first time
The difference for holding back survey line length and the convergence survey line length of n-th of cycle monitoring acquires the deformation values of n-th of period convergence survey line；It is described
Restrain the line between survey line i.e. two convergence measuring point (4).
6. convergence monitoring photogrammetric structure in cavern's according to claim 1, which is characterized in that camera (2) distance
Cavern's section (1) 12m.
7. convergence monitoring photogrammetric structure in cavern's according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the base ruler (3) includes
Base foot bar (31)；The base foot bar (31) is equipped with multiple base ruler marks (32)；Described base foot bar (31) one end passes through connector
It is fixed on the monitoring point rock mass in country rock face (35), and the base foot bar (31) is vertical with country rock face (35).
8. convergence monitoring photogrammetric structure in cavern's according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the connector includes spiral shell
Female (33) and expansion bolt (34)；The expansion bolt (34) is mounted on monitoring point by drilling perpendicular to the country rock face (35)
On rock mass；Described nut (33) one end is connect with the expansion bolt (34), and the other end is connect with the base foot bar (31).
9. a kind of cavern's convergence monitoring photogrammetric survey method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
1) it utilizes following formula to obtain and measures actual range S for the first timeAB0：
Wherein, A0The base ruler length measured for the first time for the convergence measuring point A being set on cavern's section (1)；B0It is disconnected to be set to cavern
The base ruler length that convergence measuring point B on face (1) is measured for the first time；TA、TBBase ruler precision length at respectively convergence measuring point A, B；
AB0For the length of convergence survey line AB on the photo of cavern's section (1) of camera (2) shooting；
2) the actual range S that n-th measures is calculatedABn：
AnThe base ruler length measured for the convergence measuring point A n-ths being set on cavern's section (1)；
BnThe base ruler length measured for the convergence measuring point B n-ths being set on cavern's section (1)；
3) convergency value of the n-th cycle monitoring of convergence survey line AB is
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| CN112254660A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2021-01-22 | 中铁七局集团有限公司 | Tunnel intelligent monitoring and measuring information integration and early warning system |
| CN112378364A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-02-19 | 中船九江精达科技股份有限公司 | Calibrating device and calibrating method for convergence meter |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112254660A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2021-01-22 | 中铁七局集团有限公司 | Tunnel intelligent monitoring and measuring information integration and early warning system |
| CN112378364A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-02-19 | 中船九江精达科技股份有限公司 | Calibrating device and calibrating method for convergence meter |
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