CN112378377A - Non-contact tunnel monitoring and measuring method based on image acquisition sensor - Google Patents
Non-contact tunnel monitoring and measuring method based on image acquisition sensor Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 20
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- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- G01C7/00—Tracing profiles
- G01C7/06—Tracing profiles of cavities, e.g. tunnels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
- G01C11/04—Interpretation of pictures
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Abstract
The invention provides a non-contact tunnel monitoring and measuring method based on an image acquisition sensor, which is used for monitoring a section P in a tunneliVault layout measuring point CiMonitoring the profile P in the tunneliThe left side wall is provided with a measuring point AiMonitoring the profile P in the tunneliRight side wall layout measuring point Bi(ii) a The image acquisition sensor presets a sampling time sequence, whenever the sampling time t is reachedjSimultaneously, carrying out primary image acquisition on each tunnel monitoring section, and analyzing to obtain the vault height and the peripheral length of each tunnel monitoring section; calculating the difference value of the heights of the vaults at two adjacent sampling times to obtain a vault subsidence value; and calculating the difference value of the peripheral lengths of two adjacent sampling times to obtain a peripheral displacement value. Has the following advantages: realize simultaneously to the deformation data automatic acquisition and the analysis of a plurality of tunnel monitoring sections, realize high-efficient accurate tunnel breakAnd (5) measuring the surface deformation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering construction, and particularly relates to a non-contact tunnel monitoring and measuring method based on an image acquisition sensor.
Background
The tunnel monitoring measurement is one of three major elements of the new Austrian construction, and the tunnel construction carries out informationized construction by monitoring the measurement result, so that the self-bearing function of the surrounding rock is utilized to the maximum extent, and the tunnel construction is in a dynamic management system.
The purpose of monitoring and measuring is as follows: monitoring surrounding rocks and supporting construction deformation state in the tunnel construction process, knowing the development trend that tunnel surrounding rocks and supporting construction warp in view of the above, judging the surrounding rocks stability to provide the basis for the tunnel construction.
Currently, the main methods for tunnel monitoring and measuring are as follows: the embedded parts installed at the measuring points of the tunnel arch waist and the vault are measured by measuring instruments such as a convergence gauge, a level gauge and the like. The tunnel monitoring and measuring method mainly has the following defects: (1) the operation is complicated, and the construction progress of the tunnel is easily influenced by daily monitoring and measuring work; (2) the monitoring and measuring change data is the most intuitive embodiment of the change of the tunnel surrounding rock supporting system, and the monitoring and measuring work needs to follow in time in the tunnel construction process. However, the feedback timeliness of the monitoring measurement result obtained by the monitoring measurement method is poor, and the monitoring measurement result is difficult to be fed back to a design party, a construction party, an owner party and the like in time, so that the tunnel construction cannot be guided in time.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a non-contact tunnel monitoring and measuring method based on an image acquisition sensor, which can effectively solve the problems.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a non-contact tunnel monitoring and measuring method based on an image acquisition sensor, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting n tunnel monitoring sections, and respectively representing the n tunnel monitoring sections as tunnel monitoring sections P according to the arrangement sequence1Monitoring section P of tunnel2,., tunnel monitoring section Pn；
Monitoring section P in arbitrary tunneliWherein, i is 1,2, 1, n, all adoptThe stations are arranged in the following manner:
monitoring the profile P in the tunneliVault layout measuring point CiMonitoring the profile P in the tunneliThe left side wall is provided with a measuring point AiMonitoring the profile P in the tunneliRight side wall layout measuring point Bi；
Step 2, installing an image acquisition sensor at a stable position point M behind the n tunnel monitoring sections, wherein the measuring point of each tunnel monitoring section is positioned in the picture of the image acquisition sensor;
step 3, presetting sampling time sequences, namely t, by the image acquisition sensor1,t2,...,tm；
Whenever the sampling time t is reachedj1, 2.. m, each performing the following operations:
the image acquisition sensor carries out primary image acquisition towards each tunnel monitoring section to obtain an acquired image tu comprising n measuring points of the tunnel monitoring sectionsjThen the acquired image tujAnd corresponding sampling time tjSending the image data to an image processing server;
step 4, every time the image processing server receives the uploading and sampling time t of the image acquisition sensorjCorresponding captured image tujThen, the sampling time t is obtained in the following mannerjThe vault height and the peripheral length of the corresponding tunnel monitoring section;
step 4.1, the image processing server processes the collected image tujAnalyzing and identifying a measuring point of each tunnel monitoring section;
monitoring the profile P for any tunneliThe dome height and perimeter length were calculated in the following manner:
step 4.1.1, the image processing server identifies the tunnel monitoring section PiThree measuring points of (1) are respectively measuring points CiMeasuring point AiAnd measurement point Bi(ii) a Measuring point CiMeasuring point AiAnd measurement point BiA triangular structure is formed by enclosing;
step 4.1.2, obtaining a measuring point C through an image analysis algorithmiImage coordinates, measuring point AiImage coordinates and measuring point BiThe image coordinates of (a);
step 4.1.3, respectively calculating to obtain the measuring points A by adopting a distance formula between two pointsiTo measurement point BiDistance L ofABC, measuring point AiTo measuring point CiDistance L ofACB, point BiTo measuring point CiDistance L ofBC＝a；
Wherein, measuring point AiTo measurement point BiDistance c is the perimeter length;
step 4.1.4, calculating the height L of the triangle by using the Helen formulaCDNamely the vault height h, the method is as follows:
first, the p-value is calculated according to the following formula:
then, the S value is calculated according to the following formula:
finally, the dome height h is calculated according to the following formula:
step 4.2, therefore, for the acquired image tujN tunnel monitoring sections are included, and for each tunnel monitoring section, the sampling time t is obtainedjCorresponding dome height h and perimeter length c;
step 5, therefore, for any tunnel monitoring section, when the sampling time sequence is t1,t2,...,tmRespectively obtaining and sampling time t1Corresponding dome height h1And a peripheral length c1And the sampling time t2Corresponding dome height h2And a peripheryLength c2,., and the sampling time tmCorresponding dome height hmAnd a peripheral length cm；
Sampling time t2Corresponding peripheral displacement value DeltaL2And dome sag Δ H2Comprises the following steps:
ΔL2＝c2－c1
ΔH2＝h2－h1
sampling time t3Corresponding peripheral displacement value DeltaL3And dome sag Δ H3Comprises the following steps:
ΔL3＝c3－c2
ΔH3＝h3－h2
and so on
Sampling time tmCorresponding peripheral displacement value DeltaLmAnd dome sag Δ HmComprises the following steps:
ΔLm＝cm－cm-1
ΔHm＝hm－hm-1
and 6, continuously monitoring and measuring the peripheral displacement values and the vault subsidence values of the n tunnel monitoring sections at the same time.
Preferably, in step 2, the image acquisition sensor is installed on a stable road surface behind the n tunnel monitoring sections.
Preferably, step 6 specifically comprises:
for each tunnel monitoring section, taking sampling time as an abscissa and taking peripheral displacement values as an ordinate to obtain a peripheral displacement value change curve; and (4) obtaining a vault sag value change curve by taking the sampling time as an abscissa and the vault sag value as an abscissa.
Preferably, step 6 specifically comprises:
for the n tunnel monitoring sections, at each sampling time, a state comparison diagram of the n tunnel monitoring sections is obtained by drawing, namely: taking the sequence number of the tunnel monitoring section as an abscissa and the vault crown sinking value as an ordinate to obtain a vault crown sinking value state comparison graph of the tunnel monitoring section; and taking the serial number of the tunnel monitoring section as an abscissa and the peripheral displacement value as an ordinate to obtain a state comparison graph of the peripheral displacement value of the tunnel monitoring section.
The non-contact tunnel monitoring and measuring method based on the image acquisition sensor provided by the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a non-contact tunnel monitoring and measuring method based on an image acquisition sensor, which adopts the image acquisition sensor to realize automatic acquisition and analysis of deformation data of a plurality of tunnel monitoring sections at the same time and realize efficient and accurate tunnel section deformation measurement. In addition, the invention can carry out real-time acquisition and early warning in time, and meets the requirement of monitoring the tunnel monitoring section in real time; the method has the advantages of large data acquisition quantity of the tunnel monitoring section, wide data acquisition range and high accuracy.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of a non-contact tunnel monitoring and measuring method based on an image acquisition sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the monitoring and measuring principle of the tunnel monitoring section when the vault vertically sinks;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the monitoring and measuring principle of the tunnel monitoring section when the vault is laterally sunk.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
With the development of information technology and image processing technology, the measurement technology based on image recognition develops rapidly, the invention provides a non-contact tunnel monitoring and measuring method based on an image acquisition sensor, which realizes the automatic acquisition and analysis of deformation data of a plurality of tunnel monitoring sections at the same time and realizes efficient and accurate tunnel section deformation measurement.
The invention provides a non-contact tunnel monitoring and measuring method based on an image acquisition sensor, which is characterized in that the image acquisition sensor is utilized to acquire data of tunnel surrounding rock stability, and data processing of vault subsidence and periphery convergence is realized according to an image identification technology, so that the aim of tunnel monitoring and measuring is fulfilled.
Referring to fig. 1, the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting n tunnel monitoring sections, and respectively representing the n tunnel monitoring sections as tunnel monitoring sections P according to the arrangement sequence1Monitoring section P of tunnel2,., tunnel monitoring section Pn；
The number of n is set according to actual use requirements, and may be 1, 3 or more, and the like, which is not limited in the present invention.
Monitoring section P in arbitrary tunneliWherein, i 1,2, n, the measuring points are arranged in the following way:
monitoring the profile P in the tunneliVault layout measuring point CiMonitoring the profile P in the tunneliThe left side wall is provided with a measuring point AiMonitoring the profile P in the tunneliRight side wall layout measuring point Bi；
Step 2, installing an image acquisition sensor at a stable position point M behind the n tunnel monitoring sections, wherein the measuring point of each tunnel monitoring section is positioned in the picture of the image acquisition sensor;
in practical application, the installation position of the image acquisition sensor is a stable installation position, so that analysis errors caused by position deviation of the image acquisition sensor are prevented. For example, the image acquisition sensor is installed on a stable road surface behind n tunnel monitoring sections.
Step 3, presetting sampling time sequences, namely t, by the image acquisition sensor1,t2,...,tm；
Whenever the sampling time t is reachedj1, 2.. m, each performing the following operations:
the image acquisition sensor carries out primary image acquisition towards each tunnel monitoring section to obtain an acquired image tu comprising n measuring points of the tunnel monitoring sectionsjThen the acquired image tujAnd toCorresponding sampling time tjSending the image data to an image processing server;
step 4, every time the image processing server receives the uploading and sampling time t of the image acquisition sensorjCorresponding captured image tujThen, the sampling time t is obtained in the following mannerjThe vault height and the peripheral length of the corresponding tunnel monitoring section;
step 4.1, the image processing server processes the collected image tujAnalyzing and identifying a measuring point of each tunnel monitoring section;
monitoring the profile P for any tunneliThe dome height and perimeter length were calculated in the following manner:
step 4.1.1, the image processing server identifies the tunnel monitoring section PiThree measuring points of (1) are respectively measuring points CiMeasuring point AiAnd measurement point Bi(ii) a Measuring point CiMeasuring point AiAnd measurement point BiA triangular structure is formed by enclosing;
step 4.1.2, obtaining a measuring point C through an image analysis algorithmiImage coordinates, measuring point AiImage coordinates and measuring point BiThe image coordinates of (a);
step 4.1.3, respectively calculating to obtain the measuring points A by adopting a distance formula between two pointsiTo measurement point BiDistance L ofABC, measuring point AiTo measuring point CiDistance L ofACB, point BiTo measuring point CiDistance L ofBC＝a；
Wherein, measuring point AiTo measurement point BiDistance c is the perimeter length;
step 4.1.4, calculating the height L of the triangle by using the Helen formulaCDNamely the vault height h, the method is as follows:
first, the p-value is calculated according to the following formula:
then, the S value is calculated according to the following formula:
finally, the dome height h is calculated according to the following formula:
step 4.2, therefore, for the acquired image tujN tunnel monitoring sections are included, and for each tunnel monitoring section, the sampling time t is obtainedjCorresponding dome height h and perimeter length c;
step 5, therefore, for any tunnel monitoring section, when the sampling time sequence is t1,t2,...,tmRespectively obtaining and sampling time t1Corresponding dome height h1And a peripheral length c1And the sampling time t2Corresponding dome height h2And a peripheral length c2,., and the sampling time tmCorresponding dome height hmAnd a peripheral length cm；
Sampling time t2Corresponding peripheral displacement value DeltaL2And dome sag Δ H2Comprises the following steps:
ΔL2＝c2－c1
ΔH2＝h2－h1
sampling time t3Corresponding peripheral displacement value DeltaL3And dome sag Δ H3Comprises the following steps:
ΔL3＝c3－c2
ΔH3＝h3－h2
and so on
Sampling time tmCorresponding peripheral displacement value DeltaLmAnd dome sag Δ HmComprises the following steps:
ΔLm＝cm－cm-1
ΔHm＝hm－hm-1
and 6, continuously monitoring and measuring the peripheral displacement values and the vault subsidence values of the n tunnel monitoring sections at the same time.
The step 6 specifically comprises the following steps:
for each tunnel monitoring section, taking sampling time as an abscissa and taking peripheral displacement values as an ordinate to obtain a peripheral displacement value change curve; and (4) obtaining a vault sag value change curve by taking the sampling time as an abscissa and the vault sag value as an abscissa.
Or:
for the n tunnel monitoring sections, at each sampling time, a state comparison diagram of the n tunnel monitoring sections is obtained by drawing, namely: taking the sequence number of the tunnel monitoring section as an abscissa and the vault crown sinking value as an ordinate to obtain a vault crown sinking value state comparison graph of the tunnel monitoring section; and taking the serial number of the tunnel monitoring section as an abscissa and the peripheral displacement value as an ordinate to obtain a state comparison graph of the peripheral displacement value of the tunnel monitoring section.
One embodiment is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
1) let t0The moment is the sampling initial moment. Shoot to get and t0The image corresponding to the moment. And obtaining the coordinate value of each measuring point of the tunnel monitoring section by analyzing the image. Namely: referring to fig. 2, an image coordinate of a measuring point C, an image coordinate of a measuring point a and an image coordinate of a measuring point B are obtained respectively;
2) according to the image coordinates of the measuring point C, the image coordinates of the measuring point A and the image coordinates of the measuring point B, the side length L of each triangle is calculated by adopting a distance formula between two pointsAB＝c、LAC＝b、LBC＝a。
The value of c at this time is used as the initial value of the peripheral displacement.
3) And calculating the high CD (compact disc), namely h, of the triangle by using a Helen formula according to the side length of each triangle. The value of h at this time was used as the initial value of dome depression.
4) At a certain time interval to t1At the moment, the image acquisition is carried out again, and at the moment, A, B, C three measuring points are due to the tunnelAnd deforming, wherein the positions are changed to the points A ', B ' and C '. And according to the steps, calculating the peripheral displacement c 'value and the vault sinking h' value at the moment.
5) Calculating t1The peripheral displacement and dome dip values at that time are calculated as follows, see fig. 2.
Peripheral displacement value:
ΔL＝c-c′
vault sag value:
ΔH＝h-h′
(6) and (5) repeating the step 4 and the step 5, continuously observing the change conditions of the delta L and the delta H, and realizing the non-contact monitoring of the section.
Therefore, based on the above concept, the above embodiment can be extended as follows:
(1) and measuring points are arranged on the plurality of tunnel monitoring sections, so that the plurality of tunnel monitoring sections can be monitored and measured simultaneously.
(2) The method is suitable for the situation that more than three measuring points are arranged on one section.
(3) When the dome C position moves left or right during the sinking process, Δ H is calculated according to step 5 to be still the dome sinking value. See fig. 3 for a schematic diagram.
In summary, according to the non-contact tunnel monitoring and measuring method based on the image acquisition sensor provided by the invention, one image acquisition sensor is adopted, so that the deformation data of a plurality of tunnel monitoring sections can be automatically acquired and analyzed at the same time, and the efficient and accurate tunnel section deformation measurement can be realized. In addition, the invention can carry out real-time acquisition and early warning in time, and meets the requirement of monitoring the tunnel monitoring section in real time; the method has the advantages of large data acquisition quantity of the tunnel monitoring section, wide data acquisition range and high accuracy.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements should also be considered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A non-contact tunnel monitoring and measuring method based on an image acquisition sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, selecting n tunnel monitoring sections, and respectively representing the n tunnel monitoring sections as tunnel monitoring sections P according to the arrangement sequence1Monitoring section P of tunnel2,., tunnel monitoring section Pn；
Monitoring section P in arbitrary tunneliWherein, i 1,2, n, the measuring points are arranged in the following way:
monitoring the profile P in the tunneliVault layout measuring point CiMonitoring the profile P in the tunneliThe left side wall is provided with a measuring point AiMonitoring the profile P in the tunneliRight side wall layout measuring point Bi；
Step 2, installing an image acquisition sensor at a stable position point M behind the n tunnel monitoring sections, wherein the measuring point of each tunnel monitoring section is positioned in the picture of the image acquisition sensor;
step 3, presetting sampling time sequences, namely t, by the image acquisition sensor1,t2,...,tm；
Whenever the sampling time t is reachedj1, 2.. m, each performing the following operations:
the image acquisition sensor carries out primary image acquisition towards each tunnel monitoring section to obtain an acquired image tu comprising n measuring points of the tunnel monitoring sectionsjThen the acquired image tujAnd corresponding sampling time tjSending the image data to an image processing server;
step 4, every time the image processing server receives the uploading and sampling time t of the image acquisition sensorjCorresponding captured image tujThen, the sampling time t is obtained in the following mannerjThe vault height and the peripheral length of the corresponding tunnel monitoring section;
step 4.1, the image processing server processes the collected image tujAnalyzing and identifying a measuring point of each tunnel monitoring section;
monitoring the profile P for any tunneliThe dome height and the peripheral length were calculated in the following manner：
Step 4.1.1, the image processing server identifies the tunnel monitoring section PiThree measuring points of (1) are respectively measuring points CiMeasuring point AiAnd measurement point Bi(ii) a Measuring point CiMeasuring point AiAnd measurement point BiA triangular structure is formed by enclosing;
step 4.1.2, obtaining a measuring point C through an image analysis algorithmiImage coordinates, measuring point AiImage coordinates and measuring point BiThe image coordinates of (a);
step 4.1.3, respectively calculating to obtain the measuring points A by adopting a distance formula between two pointsiTo measurement point BiDistance L ofABC, measuring point AiTo measuring point CiDistance L ofACB, point BiTo measuring point CiDistance L ofBC＝a；
Wherein, measuring point AiTo measurement point BiDistance c is the perimeter length;
step 4.1.4, calculating the height L of the triangle by using the Helen formulaCDNamely the vault height h, the method is as follows:
first, the p-value is calculated according to the following formula:
then, the S value is calculated according to the following formula:
finally, the dome height h is calculated according to the following formula:
step 4.2, therefore, for the acquired image tujThe method comprises n tunnel monitoring sections, and for each tunnel monitoring section,are all obtained and sampled with time tjCorresponding dome height h and perimeter length c;
step 5, therefore, for any tunnel monitoring section, when the sampling time sequence is t1,t2,...,tmRespectively obtaining and sampling time t1Corresponding dome height h1And a peripheral length c1And the sampling time t2Corresponding dome height h2And a peripheral length c2,., and the sampling time tmCorresponding dome height hmAnd a peripheral length cm；
Sampling time t2Corresponding peripheral displacement value DeltaL2And dome sag Δ H2Comprises the following steps:
ΔL2＝c2－c1
ΔH2＝h2－h1
sampling time t3Corresponding peripheral displacement value DeltaL3And dome sag Δ H3Comprises the following steps:
ΔL3＝c3－c2
ΔH3＝h3－h2
and so on
Sampling time tmCorresponding peripheral displacement value DeltaLmAnd dome sag Δ HmComprises the following steps:
ΔLm＝cm－cm-1
ΔHm＝hm－hm-1
and 6, continuously monitoring and measuring the peripheral displacement values and the vault subsidence values of the n tunnel monitoring sections at the same time.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2, the image sensor is mounted on a stable road behind the n tunnel monitoring sections.
3. The method for monitoring and measuring a non-contact tunnel based on an image capturing sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 6 is specifically as follows:
for each tunnel monitoring section, taking sampling time as an abscissa and taking peripheral displacement values as an ordinate to obtain a peripheral displacement value change curve; and (4) obtaining a vault sag value change curve by taking the sampling time as an abscissa and the vault sag value as an abscissa.
4. The method for monitoring and measuring a non-contact tunnel based on an image capturing sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 6 is specifically as follows:
for the n tunnel monitoring sections, at each sampling time, a state comparison diagram of the n tunnel monitoring sections is obtained by drawing, namely: taking the sequence number of the tunnel monitoring section as an abscissa and the vault crown sinking value as an ordinate to obtain a vault crown sinking value state comparison graph of the tunnel monitoring section; and taking the serial number of the tunnel monitoring section as an abscissa and the peripheral displacement value as an ordinate to obtain a state comparison graph of the peripheral displacement value of the tunnel monitoring section.
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| CN113374527A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-09-10 | 福州大学 | Tunnel structure safety evaluation method based on full-section deformation data |
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| US20080204697A1 (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2008-08-28 | Cambridge Research & Instrumentation, Inc. | Surface measurement apparatus and method using depth of field |
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