A kind of Xinjiang grape organic and inorganic is special-purpose fertile
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of dedicated fertilizer, particularly utilize special-purpose fertilizer of the composite Xinjiang grape organic and inorganic of vegetables oil dregs of fat acid hydrolysate and inorganic fertilizer and preparation method thereof, belong to technical field of fertilizers.
Background technology
The Xinjiang grape cultivation history is long, is the first area of China's viticulture, 29064 hectares of areas, 5028660 tons of gross outputs.The Xinjiang grape variety source is very abundant, comprises that " Mu Nage, " whole world red " of North SinKiang is eaten raw and " seedless white " the system dry product kind in field and " seedless black " system dry product kind in Changji for the kind of eating raw of Hami, Atushi.Xinjiang is typical continental climate, and in that grape growth is hot in the phase, sunshine is sufficient, arid is short of rain, and day and night temperature is big, helps the accumulation of sugar, and grape quality is good.
The Xinjiang region weather condition are suitable for grape production, but edaphic condition is relatively poor, soil is based on aeolian sandy soil, and its soil characteristic is that quality is light partially, soil organism build up difficulties, soil fertility is poor, aspect nutrient, the aeolian sandy soil calcium carbonate content is many, pH value high (general more than 8), this edaphic condition easily makes validity such as nutritive element phosphorus, iron, manganese, copper, zinc reduce, and influences the further raising of fertilizer utilization efficiency and vintage.According to the edaphic condition in Xinjiang and the nutritional needs characteristics rational application of fertilizer of grape is to guarantee one of its high yield, fine important measures.It is its one of the simplest method that applies fertilizers scientifically that fertilization theory is merged in special-purpose fertile production of Xinjiang grape, yet there are no relevant report.
CN 101693639A (200910113438.X) discloses a kind of preparation of grape special fertilizer and has used, with the I type fertilizer of weight part preparation by urea 30-40 part, ammonium phosphate 20-30 part, vitriolate of tartar 15-30 part; Humic acids 1-3 part, ight soil 1-3 part; Synergistic agent 1-5 part; Ferrous sulfate 0.1-1.0 part, zinc sulfate 0.1-0.8 part, manganous sulfate 0.1-0.6 part, borax 0.1-0.6 part, copper sulfate 0.1-0.4 part; Gypsum 3-7 part, wilkinite 3-13 part; The fertile urea 7-15 of II type part, ammonium phosphate 25-35 part, vitriolate of tartar 35-45 part; Humic acids 1-3 part, form garbage and dejection 1-5 part, synergistic agent 2-5 part; Ferrous sulfate 0.1-1.0 part, zinc sulfate 0.1-0.8 part, manganous sulfate 0.1-0.6 part, borax 0.1-0.6 part, copper sulfate 0.1-0.4 part; Gypsum 3-7 part, wilkinite 3-13 part; Through mix, mist projection granulating, oven drying at low temperature gets product.This fertilizer is a universal grape special fertilizer, and is poor to the edaphic condition and the nutrient situation specific aim of Xinjiang region.
The dregs of fat are the residuums after process produces processed oil to raw material extruding, come unstuck (dephosphorization fat) etc. in squeezing process production vegetables oil process, contain abundant grease, phosphatide, protein etc., are a kind of nutritious organic wastes.
Summary of the invention
At the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides and a kind ofly utilize vegetables oil dregs of fat acid hydrolysate and inorganic fertilizer and according to the dedicated fertilizer of the nutrient demand regular production of Xinjiang region edaphic condition and grape.The present invention also provides preparation method's and methods for using them of grape special fertilizer.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of Xinjiang grape organic and inorganic is special-purpose fertile, and raw materials quality part is composed as follows:
600~800 parts of dregs of fat acid hydrolysates,
80~140 parts in ammonium sulfate,
50~80 parts of diammonium phosphate,
60~130 parts of vitriolate of tartar,
2~4 parts in zinc sulfate,
1~2.5 part of boric acid.
Described dregs of fat acid hydrolysate is with mineral acid the dregs of fat to be hydrolyzed earlier, adds ground phosphate rock again and utilizes acidolysis residual acid decomposing rock phosphate with hydrogen, gets with the neutralization of crop straw ash at last.The Chinese patent application CN201010194379.6 that preparation method such as the applicant submitted on June 8th, 2010.
The described dregs of fat are that the plant oil pressing factory utilizes squeezing process that raw material is pushed, comes unstuck and produce remaining residue behind the edible oil, comprise soya-bean oil slag, the peanut dregs of fat, the cottonseed dregs of fat or the Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of fat, can select one of them for use, use also capable of being combined.
Described mineral acid is selected from sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or nitric acid, concentration 30-70wt%; The nitric acid of preferred concentration 65wt%.
Described ground phosphate rock is the physical pulverization thing of phosphorus ore containing, and particle diameter is less than 0.15 millimeter, content of tatal phosphorus 15-30wt%.
To be crop stalk utilize mode and make organism decompose the waste residue of back under residual through burning or other described crop straw ash, the mineral substance that it mainly utilizes composition to be in the crop straw to be contained.Crop straw is selected from corn stalk, wheat straw, soybean straw, paddy stalk, peanut straw or vegetables straw.
Preferably, the Xinjiang grape organic and inorganic is special-purpose fertile, and raw materials quality part is composed as follows:
730~770 parts of dregs of fat acid hydrolysates,
95~105 parts in ammonium sulfate,
55~65 parts of diammonium phosphate,
80~90 parts of vitriolate of tartar,
2.5~3.5 parts in zinc sulfate,
1.8~2.2 parts of boric acid.
The special-purpose fertile preparation method of Xinjiang grape organic and inorganic that the present invention is above-mentioned comprises the preparation and the special-purpose fertile preparation of Xinjiang grape organic and inorganic of raw material dregs of fat acid hydrolysate.
One, the preparation of raw material dregs of fat acid hydrolysate, step is as follows:
(1) by mass parts, gets dregs of fat 500-600 part and put into reactor, adjust water content 50-55wt%, add 40-60 part mineral acid, the limit edged stirs, and evenly post-heating to 95 is ℃-100 ℃, be incubated 18-24 hour, stirred once each 10-15 minute every 1-2 hour.Get the acidolysis dregs of fat.
(2) by mass parts, get 250-300 part ground phosphate rock and add in the acidolysis dregs of fat that step (1) makes, mix, placed 8-10 hour, turned once 5-10 minute at every turn every 1-2 hour.Get mixture.
(3) by mass parts, get 100-200 part crop straw ash and put into the mixture that step (2) makes, mix, dry or dry.Get Powdered dregs of fat acid hydrolysate.
Two, the special-purpose fertile preparation of Xinjiang grape organic and inorganic
By said ratio, get above-mentioned raw materials dregs of fat acid hydrolysate, with ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, vitriolate of tartar, zinc sulfate and boric acid, mix, granulation according to a conventional method gets product.
Three, the special-purpose fertile application of Xinjiang grape organic and inorganic of the present invention, disposable employed after all grape is gathered in autumn.Fertilizing method is that earthing waters after digging dark 20-25 centimetre ditch from the direct motion of the capable 25-30 centimeters of grape, applying fertilizer.Every mu of vineyard fertilizer amount 300-500kg.
Excellent results of the present invention is as follows:
1. organic and inorganic combination is increase soil fertility
The sign of fertile soil is not only the nutrient content height, also is embodied in the ability of reconciling water, gas, heat.Xinjiang region soil is because factors such as weather, the soil textures, organic content is generally low than other viny region of China, incompatibility grape high-yield, stable yields need, the special-purpose fertile soil regime that the present invention produced at Xinjiang region, with high-quality organism and inorganic nutrients combination, be manured into soil and both can improve nutrient, also can promote the formation of soil aggregate, strengthen the ability of soil water-retaining, guarantor's fertilizer and conciliation water, gas, heat, increase soil fertility.
2. raising fertilizer efficiency
Xinjiang region soil is based on aeolian sandy soil, and calcium carbonate content is many, and the pH value is high, and validity such as nutritive element phosphorus, iron, manganese, copper, zinc are reduced, and simultaneously, this edaphic condition also influences the validity of above-mentioned nutritive element in the fertilizer.The special-purpose fertilizer of the present invention contains rich organic acid, adds the chemical fertilizer selected for use based on acidic fertilizier, can obviously improve the validity of soil and fertilizer nutrient.
3. effect of increasing production is good
The dregs of fat contain rich in protein, if handle by common organic matter fermentation method, protein is thoroughly decomposed and discharge inorganic nitrogen, and this is a kind of waste to this high-quality nitrogenous source of protein.The present invention adopts acid hydrolysis method that proteolysis is kept in the fertilizer for each seed amino acid, can directly absorb for grape on the one hand, also can in soil, slowly decompose and nitrogenous source is provided, avoid quick-acting nitrogens too to concentrate and influence the quality of grape, be equipped with rational inorganic fertilizer again, improve vintage and quality.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that China's several grapes main producing region soil organism compares, and X-coordinate is the soil collecting location, and ordinate zou is 20 cm layer of soil organic content (units: g/kg).
Fig. 2 is China several grapes main producing region soil acidity or alkalinity figure, and X-coordinate is the soil collecting location, and ordinate zou is 20 cm layer of soil pH in soil.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment, but be not limited thereto.Raw material among the embodiment is described as follows:
The dregs of fat are remaining residue behind the Shandong wide life limited-liability company production grease, the mixture of the soya-bean oil slag and the peanut dregs of fat, and both ratios are 1: 0.5 mass ratio.
Nitric acid, technical grade, concentration 65wt%.
Ground phosphate rock, Kunyang Phosphate Fertilizer Plant, Yunnan produces, and particle diameter is less than 0.15 millimeter, content of tatal phosphorus 16.78%.
The crop straw ash, Shandong Province's Heze City is the corn stalk ash with sharp biotechnology company limited byproduct.
Ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, vitriolate of tartar, zinc sulfate, boric acid are the commercially available prod.
Raw material consumption umber among the embodiment is mass parts, and all per-cents are mass percent.
Embodiment 1: the Xinjiang grape organic and inorganic is special-purpose fertile, and feed composition is as follows:
Dregs of fat acid hydrolysate 650kg,
Ammonium sulfate 140kg,
Diammonium phosphate 80kg,
Vitriolate of tartar 124kg,
Zinc sulfate 4kg,
Boric acid 2kg.
The preparation method:
(1) get dregs of fat 600kg and put into reactor, adjust water content 50wt%, add 50kg nitric acid, the limit edged stirs, and post-heating to be stirred under 95 ℃ of-100 ℃ of temperature, is incubated 18 hours, stirs once each 15 minutes every 2 hours.
(2) get in the acidolysis dregs of fat of 250kg ground phosphate rock adding step (1) preparation, mix, placed 10 hours, turned once each 10 minutes every 2 hours.
(3) get the mixture that 150kg crop straw ash is put into step (2) preparation, mix, air-dry, get dregs of fat acid hydrolysate.
(4) get dregs of fat acid hydrolysate, ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, vitriolate of tartar, zinc sulfate, boric acid by prescription, mix, the disk granulation gets product.
Embodiment 2: the special-purpose fertile feed composition of Xinjiang grape organic and inorganic is as follows:
Dregs of fat acid hydrolysate 800kg,
Ammonium sulfate 80kg,
Diammonium phosphate 50kg,
Vitriolate of tartar 66kg,
Zinc sulfate 3kg,
Boric acid 1.5kg.
The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3: the Xinjiang grape organic and inorganic is special-purpose fertile, and feed composition is as follows:
Dregs of fat acid hydrolysate 700kg,
Ammonium sulfate 120kg,
Diammonium phosphate 70kg,
Vitriolate of tartar 107kg,
Zinc sulfate 2kg,
Boric acid 1kg.
The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4: the Xinjiang grape organic and inorganic is special-purpose fertile, and feed composition is as follows:
Dregs of fat acid hydrolysate 750kg,
Ammonium sulfate 100kg,
Diammonium phosphate 60kg,
Vitriolate of tartar 85kg,
Zinc sulfate 3kg,
Boric acid 2kg.
The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
The fertilizer land for growing field crops manure trial effect of the present invention's preparation is as follows:
Test site and kind: hotan, kind are seedless white, the age of tree 6 years.
Test period: year September in October, 2008 to 2009.
Comparative Examples: universal composite organic-inorganic fertilizer, organic content 23%, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total nutrient 16%., Shandong Guangda Fertilizer Technology Co., Ltd. produces.
Embodiment is identical with the Comparative Examples fertilizer amount, and every mu of consumption 400kg is disposable employed after all grape is gathered in the fall.Fertilizing method is that earthing waters after digging dark 20 centimetres ditch from trunk 25 centimeters direct motions, applying fertilizer.
Table 1. fertilizer application effect of the present invention