CN101954100A - Greenhouse vegetable soil sunlight disinfection method - Google Patents
Greenhouse vegetable soil sunlight disinfection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101954100A CN101954100A CN2010102838142A CN201010283814A CN101954100A CN 101954100 A CN101954100 A CN 101954100A CN 2010102838142 A CN2010102838142 A CN 2010102838142A CN 201010283814 A CN201010283814 A CN 201010283814A CN 101954100 A CN101954100 A CN 101954100A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a greenhouse vegetable soil sunlight disinfection method. The method comprises the following steps of: in leisure time in summer, clearing up previous crop residues, and uniformly applying ammonium bicarbonate on the surface of the soil according to the usage amount of 0.05 to 0.15kg/m<2>; and deeply plowing the soil for 30 to 40cm, flattening, covering a transparent thin film on the surface of the soil, watering under the film, sealing the greenhouse and performing sunlight irradiation disinfection for 25 to 50 days. The provided greenhouse vegetable soil sunlight disinfection method has the advantages of replacing the currently used lime nitrogen by novel soil-aided additive ammonium bicarbonate, and overcoming the defects of high price, narrow source and inconvenient large-area application of the lime nitrogen. The soil disinfection effects of the lime nitrogen and the ammonium bicarbonate are compared, the results prove that the ammonium bicarbonate has the same or better soil sunlight disinfection effect than the lime nitrogen.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to vegetable disease Prevention Technique field, relate to the physical control of facilities vegetable continuous cropping soil-borne disease, particularly a kind of facilities vegetable soil sunning sterilization method.
Background technology
Along with the continuous development of China's industrialized agriculture, the height intensification that facilities vegetable is produced, the problem of its existence is also paid attention to by people gradually.But for the high-yield and high-efficiency that covets, the input that chemical substances such as fertilizer, pesticide are a large amount of, and cause facilities vegetable to produce series of problems such as disease and pest increases the weight of, output reduction.
Continuous cropping obstacle is the major issue of the existence during present facilities vegetable is produced, and is having a strong impact on the development of industrialized agriculture.One of main reason that causes the generation of facilities vegetable continuous cropping obstacle is exactly increasing the weight of of soil-borne disease.As melon continuous croppings such as Citrullus vulgaris, Fructus Cucumidis sativi, Fructus Melos, droop takes place serious; Solanaceous vegetable continuous croppings such as Fructus Solani melongenae, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, Fructus Capsici, verticillium wilt, droop, eqpidemic disease etc. take place serious; Strawberry continuous cropping is then dead Seedling 30%～50% more than 2 years; Jiang Lianzuo can cause serious ginger plague or the like.
At the control of soil-borne disease, produce at present to go up and adopt multiple mode to prevent and treat, comprise by selecting methods such as disease-resistant variety, crop rotation, chemical control for use, but be subjected to economy, cultivation technique restriction and certain series of factors such as drug residue influence is arranged.And utilize the sunning sterilization technology, economic security is paid attention to by people gradually.
When carrying out sunning sterilization, in soil, apply additive, can strengthen Disinfection Effect.Produce at present to go up and generally acknowledge that the best soil additive material of Disinfection Effect is a lime nitrogen, but because lime nitrogen costs an arm and a leg, it is wideless to originate, inconvenient large-area applications.At above problem, seek new soil and help the sterilization additive and set up supporting sunning sterilization method very necessary.
Summary of the invention
The problem that the present invention solves is to provide a kind of facilities vegetable soil sunning sterilization method, utilize new soil to help the sterilization additive, during facility summer fallow, carry out the soil sunning sterilization, can prevent and treat the continuous cropping soil soil-borne disease, and method is simple to operation, is easy to promote.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of facilities vegetable soil sunning sterilization method, in the summer fallow phase, after the cleaning preceding crop is residual, according to the use amount of 0.05～0.15kg/m2, ammonium bicarbonate is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields at soil surface, plough deeply soil 30～40cm then, smooth after ploughing deeply, and cover clear films at soil surface, carry out after overlay film is finished watering under the film, water finish after closed installation carry out sun exposure sterilization 25～50 days.
Described ammonium bicarbonate is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields behind soil surface, carry out soil immediately and plough deeply.
Described clear films is the PE plastic sheeting, and film thickness is 0.03mm.
Irrigate soil when watering under the described film and do not stockpile water.
Described sun exposure sterilization was carried out when 7～August of summer.
After described sun exposure sterilization is finished, open all vents of facility and ventilate, the second stubble crop of sowing wholely or plant behind the 3～5d that ventilates.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial technical effects:
1, facilities vegetable soil sunning sterilization method provided by the invention utilizes new soil to help sterilization additive ammonium bicarbonate to replace lime nitrogen commonly used at present, has overcome because lime nitrogen costs an arm and a leg, and it is wideless to originate, the defective of inconvenient large-area applications; And the soil disinfection effect to both compares, and the result shows, utilizes ammonium bicarbonate to carry out the soil sunning sterilization and compares effect with lime nitrogen quite or have a better effect.
2, the soil additive material of facilities vegetable soil sunning sterilization provided by the invention can increase nutrition content in the soil through after the high-temperature sterilization, is beneficial to promote the succession crop growth.
3, facilities vegetable soil sunning sterilization method provided by the invention is to carry out period in facility summer fallow, can not influence then multiple crop index and economic benefit.
4, facilities vegetable soil sunning sterilization method provided by the invention, ammonium bicarbonate is an agrochemical, wide material sources need not particular device, and are simple to operate, are easy to promote.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is two kinds of soil sunning sterilizations central bacteria colony count comparative result figure of soil afterwards.
Fig. 2 is that the fungus colony in the middle of the soil is counted comparative result figure after two kinds of soil sunning sterilizations.
Fig. 3 is two kinds of soil sunning sterilizations central actinomycetes clump count comparative result figure of soil afterwards.
Fig. 4 is two kinds of soil sunning sterilizations cucumber growth trend comparison afterwards figure as a result, and wherein Fig. 4 a is that Fructus Cucumidis sativi plant height growth tendency compares, and Fig. 4 b is the trend comparison of Cucumis sativus stem girth growth.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the effect of embodiment and soil sunning sterilization comparison the present invention is done to describe in further detail, described is to introduction of the present invention, and non-limiting.
Embodiment 1
Facilities vegetable soil sunning sterilization method, described facilities vegetable is the continuous cropping plastic tent cucumber, concrete sterilization method is:
In solar irradiation in 7～August of summer the strongest season, after the cleaning preceding crop is residual, according to 0.15kg/m
2Use amount, ammonium bicarbonate is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields at soil surface, plough deeply soil 30cm then immediately, smooth after ploughing deeply, and cover transparent PE plastic sheeting at soil surface, film thickness is 0.03mm; Carry out after overlay film is finished watering under the film, irrigate soil and do not stockpile water, water finish after closed film, the good seal booth carries out sun exposure sterilization 30 days.
With ground temperature during the sterilization of soil moisture monitor mensuration, measure 0cm (face of land), 5cm, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm under the soil surface, the temperature of 5 different soil degree of depth.
The airtight back of facility 3d begins to gather the disinfection soil sample, and gather once every 3d the back, but look the weather condition proper extension to 5d.A part is preserved in 4 ℃ of refrigerators behind the sample collecting, can carry out soil 3 big flora analyses.
The pedotheque of collection is outside for the mensuration microorganism, and remaining pedotheque is sowed test crop watermelon seed at any time, and the cave dish of sampling is sowed, 30 of each processing sowings, and the Citrullus vulgaris emergence rate is measured in 3 repetitions.
After the sun exposure sterilization is finished, open all vents of booth and ventilate, but the vent fly net should be complete, the second stubble crop of sowing wholely or plant behind the 3～5d that ventilates.
Embodiment 2
Facilities vegetable soil sunning sterilization method, concrete sterilization method is:
In sunlight intensity of illumination in 7～August of summer big period, after the cleaning preceding crop is residual, according to 0.05kg/m
2Use amount, ammonium bicarbonate is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields at soil surface, plough deeply soil 35cm then immediately, smooth after ploughing deeply, and cover transparent PE plastic sheeting at soil surface, film thickness is 0.03mm; Carry out after overlay film is finished watering under the film, irrigate soil and do not stockpile water, water finish after closed film, the good seal booth carries out sun exposure sterilization 25 days.
After the sun exposure sterilization is finished, open all vents of booth and ventilate, but the vent fly net should be complete, the second stubble crop of sowing wholely or plant behind the 3～5d that ventilates.
Embodiment 3
Facilities vegetable soil sunning sterilization method, concrete sterilization method is:
In sunlight intensity of illumination in 7～August of summer big period, after the cleaning preceding crop is residual, according to 0.10kg/m
2Use amount, ammonium bicarbonate is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields at soil surface, plough deeply soil 36cm then immediately, smooth after ploughing deeply, and cover transparent PE plastic sheeting at soil surface, film thickness is 0.03mm; Carry out after overlay film is finished watering under the film, irrigate soil and do not stockpile water, water finish after closed film, the good seal booth carries out sun exposure sterilization 28 days.
After the sun exposure sterilization is finished, open all vents of booth and ventilate, but the vent fly net should be complete, the second stubble crop of sowing wholely or plant behind the 3～5d that ventilates.
Adopt the soil sunning sterilization method of ammonium bicarbonate and the comparison of the Disinfection Effect of the soil sunning sterilization method that adopts lime nitrogen:
Adopt the soil sunning sterilization method of ammonium bicarbonate, specifically as described in the embodiment 1; Simultaneously embodiment 1 described method is replaced ammonium bicarbonate with lime nitrogen, with in contrast; Concrete effect contrast is:
1) Disinfection Effect relatively
1. to the effect that heats of ground temperature
Different soil ground temperature diurnal variation as shown in table 1 relatively, the soil solar disinfection that adds ammonium bicarbonate different soil superlatively temperature, minimum ground temperature and average daily ground temperature all apparently higher than lime nitrogen.The gentle average daily ground temperature in superlatively warm, minimum ground is higher 2.5,1.7 and 2.5 ℃ than lime nitrogen respectively.
Along with the increase of soil depth, ground temperature reduces gradually, and (10～20cm), what soil temperature raising was had obvious effect still is the solar disinfection that adds ammonium bicarbonate in the depth of soil scope of crop root growth.From 0,5,10cm ground temperature is seen, what number in the time of 〉=40 ℃, soil added ammonium bicarbonate manys 2.3h, 2.3h, 1.7h respectively than what add lime nitrogen; What number in the time of 〉=45 ℃, soil added ammonium bicarbonate manys 2.0h, 2.2h, 0.1h respectively than what add lime nitrogen.
The diurnal variation of table 1 different soil ground temperature relatively
2. to the soil microorganism bactericidal effect
A, to the bactericidal effect of antibacterial
Bacteria colony count statistical distribution figure as a result in the sunning sterilization soil within as shown in Figure 1 37 days, before the sterilization in the soil bacterial number be 35.9 * 10
6Cfug
-1(shown in the central CK of accompanying drawing), the additive material carries out the soil sunning sterilization, and bacterial number all presents the variation tendency that the increase then of minimizing earlier reduces again in the soil during sterilizing.After sterilization finished, the central bacteria colony count of soil that adds the solar disinfection processing of ammonium bicarbonate was less than the solar disinfection that adds lime nitrogen; And extremely sterilize when finishing, the solar disinfection of interpolation ammonium bicarbonate is 83.8% to the sterilizing rate of antibacterial in the soil; The solar disinfection of interpolation lime nitrogen is 77.4% to the sterilizing rate of antibacterial in the soil.
B, fungus
The statistical distribution of fungus colony number figure as a result in the sunning sterilization soil within as shown in Figure 2 37 days, before the sterilization in the soil fungus quantity be 31.3 * 10
6Cfug
-1(shown in the central CK of accompanying drawing), the additive material carries out the soil sunning sterilization; Behind the sterilization 4d, add that the fungus number is less than the solar disinfection that adopts lime nitrogen in the soil that the solar disinfection of ammonium bicarbonate handles, afterwards along with the prolongation of disinfecting time, both are in various degree the variation tendency of appearance decline-rising-decline all.After sterilization finishes, add that the fungus colony number is less than the solar disinfection that adds lime nitrogen in the soil of ammonium bicarbonate solar disinfection, and the solar disinfection of interpolation ammonium bicarbonate is 73.1% to the sterilizing rate of fungus in the soil; The solar disinfection of interpolation lime nitrogen is 70.2% to the sterilizing rate of fungus in the soil.
C, actinomycetes
The statistical distribution of actinomycetes clump count figure as a result in the sunning sterilization soil within as shown in Figure 3 37 days, the actinomycetes clump count identical (11.2 * 10 in the middle of the initial soil in contrast
5Cfug
-1), after the interpolation different materials carried out soil sunning sterilization 4d, the actinomycetes clump count was less than the processing of adding lime nitrogen in the processing soil of interpolation ammonium bicarbonate; Afterwards along with the prolongation of disinfecting time, handle the variation tendency that actinomycetes quantity in the soil all has decline-rising in various degree-decline for two.After sterilization finished, the solar disinfection that adds ammonium bicarbonate was 67.0% to actinomycetic sterilizing rate in the soil; The solar disinfection that adds lime nitrogen is 75.9% to actinomycetic sterilizing rate in the soil.
From solar disinfection pressing down of microorganism the soil killed effect, it is approaching that the effect of the soil sunning sterilization method of interpolation ammonium bicarbonate is better than the soil solar disinfection that adds lime nitrogen.
2) test plant growth effect relatively
1. test crop Citrullus vulgaris emergence rate relatively
Continuous cropping soil mensuration Citrullus vulgaris emergence rate is 36.7% before sunning sterilization.
Different disinfecting time as shown in table 2 to the influence of Citrullus vulgaris emergence rate relatively add materials behind sunning sterilization, after sterilizing 4 days, behind the sunning sterilization emergence rate of Citrullus vulgaris with do not compare before the sterilization, obviously promoted; Increase along with the sterilization natural law, the additive material increases gradually to the influence of Citrullus vulgaris emergence rate, after the 13rd day, the Citrullus vulgaris emergence rate reaches more than 90%, and at sunning sterilization after 16 days, the Citrullus vulgaris emergence rate all descends to some extent with early stage, add the soil sunning sterilization of lime nitrogen and the soil sunning sterilization of interpolation ammonium bicarbonate and descend 17.9% and 20.5% respectively, analyze reason may with weather condition relevant (continuous 3d wet weather) at that time after the sowing Citrullus vulgaris, then along with the sterilization natural law increase, the emergence rate of Citrullus vulgaris goes back up to more than 90% again, and increases to some extent again; Behind the sunning sterilization 32d, add the soil solar disinfection of ammonium bicarbonate, the Citrullus vulgaris emergence rate reaches 100%, and the soil solar disinfection Citrullus vulgaris emergence rate that adds lime nitrogen is 97.8%.After finishing with regard to whole disinfecting process, both sterilization methods all make the Citrullus vulgaris emergence rate be significantly improved, and both are suitable to the lifting effect of Citrullus vulgaris emergence rate.
The different disinfecting time of table 2 are to the influence (%) of Citrullus vulgaris emergence rate
Annotate: on 5% level, significant difference is not arranged with the different little and alphabetical person's tables of mark behind the column data in the table.
2. test crop cucumber growth index relatively
After the soil sunning sterilization as shown in Figure 4, within two months, observe soil solar disinfection that adds ammonium bicarbonate and the soil solar disinfection that adds lime nitrogen Fructus Cucumidis sativi plant height (shown in Fig. 4 a) and stem thick (shown in Fig. 4 b) are influenced trend comparison figure as a result, JIUYUE 9 days between two months of November 9, the thick growth tendency of Fructus Cucumidis sativi plant height and stem within the warmhouse booth, both equal zero differences.
From the emerging of different crops, growth tendency comparative result, the soil solar disinfection that adds ammonium bicarbonate is suitable to the succession crop impact effect of planting on the back soil of sterilizing with the soil solar disinfection that adds lime nitrogen.
Claims (6)
1. a facilities vegetable soil sunning sterilization method is characterized in that, in the summer fallow phase, after the cleaning preceding crop is residual, according to 0.05～0.15kg/m
2Use amount, ammonium bicarbonate is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields at soil surface, plough deeply soil 30～40cm then, smooth after ploughing deeply, and cover clear films at soil surface, after watering under the film, closed installation carries out sun exposure sterilization 25～50 days.
2. facilities vegetable soil sunning sterilization method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described ammonium bicarbonate is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields behind soil surface, carries out soil immediately and ploughs deeply.
3. facilities vegetable soil sunning sterilization method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described clear films is the PE plastic sheeting, and film thickness is 0.03mm.
4. facilities vegetable soil sunning sterilization method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, irrigates soil when watering under the described film and does not stockpile water.
5. facilities vegetable soil sunning sterilization method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described sun exposure sterilization was carried out when 7～August of summer.
6. facilities vegetable soil sunning sterilization method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, after described sun exposure sterilization is finished, opens all vents of facility and ventilates, the second stubble crop of sowing wholely or plant behind the 3～5d that ventilates.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104770096A (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2015-07-15 | 滨海随耕生态农业有限公司 | Continuous cropping obstacle removal method for facility culturing soil |
| CN104938466A (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2015-09-30 | 山西省农业科学院生物技术研究中心 | Environment-friendly greenhouse disinfection method |
| CN105940802A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-09-21 | 孙垂荣 | Environment-friendly reduction-method soil disinfection and sterilization process |
| CN107970473A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-05-01 | 张掖市农业科学研究院 | Vegetable base sterilization method and production base |
| CN110050618A (en) * | 2019-04-06 | 2019-07-26 | 衢州市农业科学研究院 | A kind of green house of vegetables high-efficiency environment friendly herbicidal methods |
| CN111097780A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-05 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for treating banana wilt plants |
| CN112293113A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2021-02-02 | 中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所 | Method for preventing and controlling greenhouse insect damage in non-cold seasons |
| CN113575328A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-11-02 | 河北省农林科学院谷子研究所 | Millet-tinea capitis compound planting method |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104770096A (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2015-07-15 | 滨海随耕生态农业有限公司 | Continuous cropping obstacle removal method for facility culturing soil |
| CN104938466A (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2015-09-30 | 山西省农业科学院生物技术研究中心 | Environment-friendly greenhouse disinfection method |
| CN105940802A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-09-21 | 孙垂荣 | Environment-friendly reduction-method soil disinfection and sterilization process |
| CN105940802B (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-14 | 孙垂荣 | Environmental preservation type reducing process soil disinfection sterilization process |
| CN107970473A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-05-01 | 张掖市农业科学研究院 | Vegetable base sterilization method and production base |
| CN110050618A (en) * | 2019-04-06 | 2019-07-26 | 衢州市农业科学研究院 | A kind of green house of vegetables high-efficiency environment friendly herbicidal methods |
| CN112293113A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2021-02-02 | 中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所 | Method for preventing and controlling greenhouse insect damage in non-cold seasons |
| CN111097780A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-05 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for treating banana wilt plants |
| CN113575328A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-11-02 | 河北省农林科学院谷子研究所 | Millet-tinea capitis compound planting method |
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Application publication date: 20110126 |