CN101933467B

CN101933467B - Excessive reproduction control technology of benthic macro-algae in apostichopus japonicas culturing pond

Info

Publication number: CN101933467B
Application number: CN2009100123458A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周遵春; 董颖; 许伟定; 陈仲; 姜北; 关晓燕; 汪笑宇; 杨爱馥
Original assignee: RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF OCEAN FISHERY SCIENCE LIAONING PROVINCE
Current assignee: RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF OCEAN FISHERY SCIENCE LIAONING PROVINCE
Priority date: 2009-07-02
Filing date: 2009-07-02
Publication date: 2012-05-02
Anticipated expiration: 2029-07-02
Also published as: CN101933467A

Abstract

The invention discloses an excessive reproduction control technology of benthic macro-algae in an apostichopus japonicas culturing pond. The excessive reproduction of the benthic macro-algae in the apostichopus japonicas culturing pond can cause severe damage to the normal growth of the apostichopus japonicas. The excessive reproduction and massive death of the macro-algae can breed large amounts of pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and the like and consume much of the oxygen in the water, so as to cause the famine of the dissolved oxygen in the bottom water body, reduce the immunity of the apostichopus japonicas, and cause the disease outbreak and the like. Aiming at the problem of the traditional control technology and method of the benthic macro-algae, the invention provides three technical methods to control the damage caused by the excessive reproduction of the benthic macro-algae in the apostichopus japonicas culturing pond, wherein the first method comprises the step of compositely culturing the macro-algae of asparagus so as to control the excessive reproduction of the benthic macro-algae in a light shading manner; the second method comprises the step of splashing the mud with good suspension property so as to control the reproduction of the benthic macro-algae in a manner of reducing the transparency of the culturing water; and the third method comprises the step of by utilizing a shading net, adjusting the illumination so as to control the reproduction of the benthic harmful algae. The invention saves the resource cost, solves the key problem in the apostichopus japonicas culturing technology, and has the advantage of long-term market development and economic investment potential.

Description

The macro excessive multiplication control technology of dwelling at the bottom of the imitative apostichopus japonicus culture pond

Technical field

This invention is to cause imitative stichopus japonicus life quality existing problems to the macro excessive multiplication of dwelling of the end in the imitative apostichopus japonicus culture pond; And the end macro excessive multiplication complex art of dwelling in one group of control cultivating pool of design; Can effectively control the excessive breeding of the macro of dwelling at the bottom of the imitative apostichopus japonicus culture pond; Avoid that the bottom material of pond for breeding that rots to cause after the excessive breeding of macro and the death worsens owing to dwell in the end, reduce because the cultivating pool substrate worsens the harm that the growth of stichopus japonicus causes is imitated in pond culture.

Background technology

The imitative stichopus japonicus (Apostichopus japonicus) that is distributed in China's Huang, Bohai Sea district is because of advantages such as its quality are good, economic worth is high, the market demand is big; Become at present the important aquaculture kind of northern areas such as Shandong, Liaoning; And become pillar industry in some areas; Domestic annual production breaks through 100,000 tons, and the output value crosses 10,000,000,000.

In the process of the imitative stichopus japonicus of pond culture, suitably keep the end macro of dwelling in the cultivating pool, can play the shading cooling effect, help imitative stichopus japonicus safety and cross the summer, can absorb harmful substance at the bottom of the decomposing pool neutralization pond again, reduce harm imitative stichopus japonicus at high temperature season.But, run into the end excessive harm that causes of macro breeding quantity of dwelling, macro mortality through regular meeting; And rot at the bottom of being deposited on the pond; Grow pathogenic microorganismss such as a large amount of bacteriums, virus, a large amount of oxygen in the consume water cause dissolved oxygen famine in the bottom water body; Cause imitative stichopus japonicus immunity to reduce, cause that disease breaks out.Up to now, the main method of dwelling macro transition breeding at the bottom of the imitative apostichopus japonicus culture pond, grow and rot to take is salvaged exactly, both time-consuming, effort do not reach due effect again.

Summary of the invention

The present invention provides three kinds to be master's technology to control imitative apostichopus japonicus culture pond macro excessive multiplication for solving dwell at the bottom of the imitative apostichopus japonicus culture pond existing control technology of macro and the problem that method exists, and specifically solution is following:

1, complex culture macro asparagus is controlled the dwell excessive multiplication asparagus (Gracilaria lemaneiformis) of macro of the end through the mode of shading and is the large-scale red algae of Gracilaria, has comfort zone wide (5～27 ℃); The righttest growth water layer is 0.5m-1m, and the sea water specific gravity of right growth is 1.018～1.022, and accommodative ability of environment is strong; Growth is fast, anti-dense planting, and gel content is high; The original producton location is in Shandong Province and Liaoning Province, after be transplanted to south.Asparagus both can be used as bait and the feedstuff of some breed varieties such as abalone, also can be used as the raw material of producing agar, had favorable economic benefit.Asparagus also has higher absorption ratio and removes efficient ammonia nitrogen, removes NH in the cultivating system ₄-N and PO ₄The amount of-P can both reach more than 50%.

Annual spring; Suspended longline farming macro asparagus in the imitative apostichopus japonicus culture pond; Played the effect of shading on the one hand; Make benthic algae spore germination, adhere to and growth is restricted, absorbed the nutritive salt in the breeding water body on the other hand, can control the benthic algae breeding and the growth in imitative apostichopus japonicus culture pond effectively.Simultaneously can also promote photosynthesis, increase the pond oxygen in water, help improving the breeding environment of imitative stichopus japonicus growth.The benefit of suspended longline farming macro can in time be gathered on the one hand, can select the kind of economic worth on the other hand, like asparagus.

2, the good mud of suspension of splashing, the mode that reduces the breeding water transparency are controlled the dwell breeding of macro of the end

The change in time and space of seawater transparency receives influence of various factors, and wherein the composition of suspension and content are the principal elements that influences transparency in the seawater.Seawater transparency is represented the transmission depth of light in seawater; Its size be with seawater and wherein suspended material the absorption that is transmitted into marine light and the difference of scattering effect are changed, so the composition of suspended material and content greatly affect the transparency change of seawater.The settling velocity of suspended particulate is relevant with particle diameter, density, shape and surface roughness, and is also closely related with the temperature of seawater, salinity etc. simultaneously.

In spring benthic algae spore germination and setting stage; Through changing water, the suitable mud (mud particle average median particle diameter 1-5um) of splashing; Reduce the transparency of breeding water body, according to the depth of water of cultivating pool, make transparency be reduced to the water surface following at the bottom of the pond height 10-20cm; If i.e. breeding water body mean depth of water 100cm, then transparency should be no more than 90cm.Make the end macro of dwelling to obtain the illumination of continuous and effective, the dwell breeding of macro of the control end.

3, utilize shading screen to regulate illumination, the dwell breeding of harmful algae of the control end

For small-sized cultivating pool (about 10 mu), also can be through shading on the cultivating pool surface with shading screen, the intensity of control illumination makes illumination can not reach the bottom of cultivating pool, and harmful algae is dwelt at the end can not excessive multiplication.

Description of drawings

The model of the imitative apostichopus japonicus culture pond raft culture asparagus of Fig. 1

1. stake

2. ball float

3. raft is restricted

4. seedling is restricted

5. pond dike

6. asparagus

Specific embodiments

Below listed embodiment help those skilled in the art to understand the present invention better, but do not limit the present invention in any way.

Embodiment 1,2008,40 mu of imitative apostichopus japonicus culture ponds in Wafangdian, buoyant raft is supported and is planted asparagus; Raft spacing 8m, seedling rope spacing 1.2m, the seedling rope is gone up the asparagus of whenever pressing from both sides the heavily about 15-20g of cluster at a distance from 30～40cm; The seedling rope is fixed on the raft rope through the ear rope, amounts to 12 table flotation rafts, 800 offspring rope.Through 50 days breed, asparagus was long to 65-80cm from 10-15cm.The pond of cultivated gardon asparagus, the end macro of dwelling has obtained effective control, and imitative stichopus japonicus upgrowth situation is good, and embodiment is with reference to figure 1.The dwell macro growth of the adjacent pond that does not have cultivated gardon asparagus, the end is vigorous, although imitative stichopus japonicus growth is normal, in the long run, the rot back and be prone to geological state that the imitative stichopus japonicus of influence lives and the growth of imitative stichopus japonicus of macro excessive multiplication of dwelling, the end.

Embodiment 2,30 mu of imitative apostichopus japonicus cultures pond, Lvshun, Dalian; 2006, the macro excessive multiplication of dwelling for the 2007 continuous end of the year 2; Water quality is so clear that you can see the bottom, and every year, summer, macro rotted, and need keep substrate not rot to worsen because of macro through the way of continuous salvaging.On April 15th, 2008 was to April 26; Through the mud in suspension of splashing (mud particle average median particle diameter 2.2um); The transparency that reduces pond water quality is to 100cm (cultivating pool depth of water 110-120cm), effectively controlled the dwell breeding of macro of the end, imitative stichopus japonicus well-grown.Do not control the cultivating pool of transparency, dwell macro breeding of the end is vigorous.

12 mu in embodiment 3, apostichopus japonicus culture pond, Lvshun, Dalian, the macro of dwelling for 2005 to the 2007 continuous end of the year 3 breeding excessively need repeatedly to salvage.2008, April 18 spring to May 4, the time that illumination is strong, through using shading screen, the dwell quantity of macro of the end obviously reduces, and is effectively controlled.Do not use the adjacent pond of shading screen, dwell macro breeding of the end is vigorous.

In sum, among the embodiment that content of the present invention is not confined to, the knowledgeable people in the same area can propose other embodiment within technological guidance's thought of the present invention, but this embodiment is included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. dwell at the bottom of the imitative apostichopus japonicus culture pond of the control method of macro excessive multiplication; It is characterized in that; Through compound suspended longline farming asparagus, the good mud of the suspension of splashing with utilize shading screen to regulate illumination, the intensity of illumination at the bottom of the control pond; The bottom material of pond for breeding that rots to cause after excessive breeding of macro and the death of avoiding dwelling at the bottom of the pond worsens, and improves imitative apostichopus japonicus culture environment; Said compound suspended longline farming asparagus, through raft spacing 8m, seedling rope spacing 1.2m, the seedling rope is gone up whenever and is realized at a distance from the asparagus of the heavy 15-20g of 30～40cm folder cluster; The said good mud of suspension of splashing is meant and splashes that suspension is good, the mud of average median particle diameter 1-5um, make transparency be reduced to the water surface following at the bottom of the pond height 10-20cm.