CN101888994B - 含有脲基甲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯 - Google Patents
含有脲基甲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101888994B CN101888994B CN200880119518.XA CN200880119518A CN101888994B CN 101888994 B CN101888994 B CN 101888994B CN 200880119518 A CN200880119518 A CN 200880119518A CN 101888994 B CN101888994 B CN 101888994B
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- polyisocyanates
- acid
- alcohol
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- allophanate groups
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- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- SEGLCEQVOFDUPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COP(O)(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC SEGLCEQVOFDUPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WOZUGDXHVLSOHV-UHFFFAOYSA-L dodecanoate tin(4+) Chemical compound [Sn+4].C(CCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)[O-].C(CCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)[O-].[Sn+4] WOZUGDXHVLSOHV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- AYLRODJJLADBOB-QMMMGPOBSA-N methyl (2s)-2,6-diisocyanatohexanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)[C@@H](N=C=O)CCCCN=C=O AYLRODJJLADBOB-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005474 octanoate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004817 pentamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
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- SGNLDVYVSFANHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-2,4-dione;zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].CC(=O)CC(C)=O SGNLDVYVSFANHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- PJGSXYOJTGTZAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pinacolone Chemical compound CC(=O)C(C)(C)C PJGSXYOJTGTZAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229960000380 propiolactone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003217 pyrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrophthalic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)CCCC1 UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013008 thixotropic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003866 trichloromethyl group Chemical group ClC(Cl)(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical group C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
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- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/77—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur
- C08G18/78—Nitrogen
- C08G18/7806—Nitrogen containing -N-C=0 groups
- C08G18/7818—Nitrogen containing -N-C=0 groups containing ureum or ureum derivative groups
- C08G18/7837—Nitrogen containing -N-C=0 groups containing ureum or ureum derivative groups containing allophanate groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C271/00—Derivatives of carbamic acids, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C271/06—Esters of carbamic acids
- C07C271/08—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C271/10—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C271/20—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms to carbon atoms of hydrocarbon radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C271/00—Derivatives of carbamic acids, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C271/06—Esters of carbamic acids
- C07C271/08—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C271/24—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carbamate groups bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C275/00—Derivatives of urea, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C275/46—Derivatives of urea, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups containing any of the groups, X being a hetero atom, Y being any atom, e.g. acylureas
- C07C275/58—Y being a hetero atom
- C07C275/60—Y being an oxygen atom, e.g. allophanic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/62—Polymers of compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08G18/6216—Polymers of alpha-beta ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids or of derivatives thereof
- C08G18/622—Polymers of esters of alpha-beta ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids
- C08G18/6225—Polymers of esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
- C08G18/75—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic
- C08G18/751—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring
- C08G18/752—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring containing at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group
- C08G18/753—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring containing at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group containing one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group having a primary carbon atom next to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate group
- C08G18/755—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring containing at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group containing one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group having a primary carbon atom next to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate group and at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to a secondary carbon atom of the cycloaliphatic ring, e.g. isophorone diisocyanate
-
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Abstract
本发明涉及新的以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯为基础的含脲基甲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯,以及它们的用途。
Description
本发明涉及一种新的以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯为基础的含脲基甲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯,以及它们的用途。
GB 994890公开了使用金属羧酸盐、金属螯合物和叔胺从二异氰酸酯和单官能或多官能醇制备脲基甲酸酯的方法。其中明确公开了甲苯二异氰酸酯与三羟甲基丙烷的反应,以及异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯与1,6-己二醇的反应。
EP 194A1公开了通过酸的催化从脂族或脂环族异氰酸酯制备含脲基甲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯。为此目的,起始化合物优选是酚类多羟基化合物的氨基甲酸酯、一元至四元脂族醇、一元至四元脂环族醇、一元至四元芳脂族醇或高分子量多元醇。为此反应限定的二异氰酸酯是脂族或脂环族二异氰酸酯或苯二甲撑二异氰酸酯。
EP 194A1中的实施例8明确公开了通过氯化氢诱导的异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯与1,6-己二醇和正丁醇的反应形成含脲基甲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯。
EP 194A1的发明点在于使用强质子酸作为催化剂。
根据EP 194A1,从GB 994890获知的金属羧酸盐、金属螯合物和叔胺导致除了形成所希望的脲基甲酸酯之外还形成相当多的二聚和三元的多异氰酸酯。
DE 102004015985A1描述了从异氰酸酯和分子量为300-20,000且官能度大于1.9的聚醚多元醇形成脲基甲酸酯预聚物。优选的异氰酸酯是1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯和/或异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,并且所公开的催化剂含有路易斯酸或布朗斯台德酸。
所有明确公开的是以1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯与官能度为2的聚醚为基础的产物。
DE 102004015982A1描述了从异氰酸酯和多羟基化合物形成的脲基甲酸酯预聚物的稳定化。
所有明确公开的是以1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯与官能度为2的聚醚为基础的产物。
DE 102004015983A1描述了使用Zn催化剂从异氰酸酯和平均官能度大于1.5的多羟基化合物制备脲基甲酸酯预聚物的方法。
所有明确公开的是以1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯与官能度为2的聚醚为基础的产物。
US5,290,902公开了按照10∶1至1∶10的比例制备脲基甲酸酯和异氰脲酸酯的混合物的方法,其中作为醇仅仅描述了一元醇。
虽然在现有技术中描述了所有这些化合物,但是仍然需要具有低粘度的高官能度多异氰酸酯。
本发明的一个目的是提供新的高官能度多异氰酸酯,其用于涂料,尤其用于透明涂料,具有高的耐划性以及优良的弹性。这些产物还应当具有低粘度,使得它们更易于引入涂料中。
此目的通过式(I)的含有脲基甲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯来实现:
其中
Ra是(k+m)价基团,优选有机基团,
k是0或正数,
m是正数,
前提是(k+m)一起的总和是至少3的正数,
Y是氧或氮原子,
Xi对于每个从1到n的i而言各自独立地选自-CH2-CH2-O-、-CH2-CH(CH3)-O-、-CH(CH3)-CH2-O-、-CH2-C(CH3)2-O-、-C(CH3)2-CH2-O-、-CH2-CHVin-O-、-CHVin-CH2-O-、-CH2-CHPh-O-和-CHPh-CH2-O-,优选选自-CH2-CH2-O-、-CH2-CH(CH3)-O-和-CH(CH3)-CH2-O-,更优选是-CH2-CH2-O-,
其中Ph是苯基,Vin是乙烯基,
n对于每个k和每个m而言各自独立地是0或正数,和
Rb对于每个k和每个m而言各自独立地是以下基团:
本发明的脲基甲酸酯的母体醇是(k+m)价的醇,其可以任选地带有基团Xi,其中(k+m)根据本发明是至少3,优选3-6,更优选3-4,非常优选3。
k、m和n的值可以平均是非偶数,但是在这种情况下当然相对于式(I)的每个分子而言是偶数的。
优选m>k,更优选m≥(k+1),非常优选k≤0.5,更尤其是k≤0.2,尤其是k=0。
这些(k+m)价的醇具有优选低于500g/mol的分子量,更优选低于400g/mol,非常优选低于350g/mol,更尤其是低于300g/mol,尤其低于250g/mol。
其中Y为氧原子的这种醇Ra-(-Y-H)(k+m)的例子是三羟甲基丁烷、三羟甲基丙烷、三羟甲基乙烷、季戊四醇、甘油、双三羟甲基丙烷、二季戊四醇、山梨醇、甘露醇、双甘油、苏糖醇、赤藓醇、阿东糖醇(核糖醇)、阿糖醇(阿拉伯糖醇)、木糖醇或卫矛醇(半乳糖醇)。
优选三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、甘油和双甘油,优选三羟甲基丙烷和甘油,更优选三羟甲基丙烷。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,在式(I)化合物中不存在基团Xi,即n是0。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,在式(I)化合物中存在基团Xi,并且基团Xi的总数、即n值的总和是达到16,优选3-10,更优选3-8,非常优选3-6。
根据此实施方案,所述醇是乙氧基化和/或丙氧基化的醇,优选完全乙氧基化或完全丙氧基化的醇,更优选完全乙氧基化的醇。
为了符合此前提条件,n值对于每个k和每个m而言各自独立地可以是0或正数,例如0-10,优选1-5,更优选1-4,非常优选1-3,更尤其是1-2。
其中Y为氮原子的醇Ra-(-Y-[-Xi]n-H)(k+m)的例子是三乙醇胺、三丙醇胺和1,3,5-三(2-羟基乙基)氰脲酸,优选1,3,5-三(2-羟基乙基)氰脲酸。在这些情况下,n在每种情况下是1,Xi在每种情况下是-CH2-CH2-O-、-CH2-CH(CH3)-O-或-CH(CH3)-CH2-O-。
基团Rb是衍生自单体异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯;根据本发明,氨基甲酸酯基团或脲基甲酸酯基团是否与伯或仲碳原子连接并不是重要的。根据反应条件(见下),较大部分的氨基甲酸酯基团或脲基甲酸酯基团将与仲碳原子连接。根据E.Spyrou,Farbe und Lack 106,10/2006,第126-130页,例如,脲基甲酸酯反应的选择性会受不同催化剂的影响。
式(I)的含有脲基甲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯的数均分子量Mn一般低于2000g/mol,优选低于1800g/mol,更优选低于1500g/mol,非常优选低于1200g/mol,更尤其低于1100g/mol。
NCO含量(作为分子量为42g/mol的NCO计算)一般大于5重量%,优选大于6重量%,更优选大于8重量%,和最多17重量%,优选最多15重量%。
除了脲基甲酸酯基团之外,本发明的含有脲基甲酸酯基团的多异氰酸 酯可以带有少量的其它反应性基团,例子是未反应的羟基,以及异氰脲酸酯基团。
含有脲基甲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯是通过异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯与相应的烷氧基化醇彼此反应制备的,这在有或没有溶剂的情况下在氨基甲酸酯化条件下、然后在脲基甲酸酯化条件下进行。
此反应的温度一般是最高150℃,优选最高120℃,更优选低于100℃,非常优选低于90℃,并一般在至少一种能催化氨基甲酸酯化和/或脲基甲酸酯化反应的催化剂的存在下进行。或者,氨基甲酸酯基团的形成可以在不存在催化剂的情况下进行。
反应温度应当一般是至少20℃,优选至少30℃,更优选至少40℃,非常优选至少50℃。在一个优选实施方案中,反应温度是至少80℃。
这里的催化剂是这样的化合物:它们能通过在反应物混合物中的存在而导致比在不存在这些化合物时的相同反应物混合物在相同反应条件下获得更高比例的含有氨基甲酸酯或脲基甲酸酯基团的反应产物。
所述催化剂是例如有机胺,更尤其是脂族、脂环族或芳族的叔胺,和/或有机金属路易斯酸化合物。合适的有机金属路易斯酸化合物的例子包括锡化合物,例如有机羧酸的锡(II)盐,例如二乙酸锡(II)、二辛酸锡(II)、二(乙基己酸)锡(II)和二月桂酸锡(II),以及有机羧酸的二烷基锡(IV)盐,例如二乙酸二甲基锡、二乙酸二丁基锡、二丁酸二丁基锡、二(2-乙基己酸)二丁基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、马来酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二辛基锡和二乙酸二辛基锡。也可以使用锌(II)盐,例如二辛酸锌(II)。也可以使用金属配合物,例如铁、钛、铝、锆、锰、镍、锌和钴的乙酰基丙酮化物。其它金属催化剂可以参见Blank等,Progress in Organic Coatings,1999,第35卷,第19-29页。
优选的有机金属路易斯酸化合物是二乙酸二甲基锡、二丁酸二丁基锡、二(2-乙基己酸)二丁基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二辛基锡、二辛酸锌(II)、乙酰基丙酮化锆和2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚烷二酮化锆。
另外,铋催化剂和钴催化剂和铯盐也可以用做催化剂,合适的铯盐是其中使用以下阴离子的那些化合物:F-,Cl-,ClO-,ClO3 -,ClO4 -,Br-,I-,IO3 -,CN-,OCN-,NO2 -,NO3 -,HCO3-,CO3 2-,S2-,SH-,HSO3 -,SO3 2-,HSO4 -,SO4 2-,S2O2 2-,S2O4 2-,S2O5 2-,S2O6 2-,S2O7 2-,S2O8 2-,H2PO2 -,H2PO4 -,HPO4 2-,PO4 3-,P2O7 4-,(OCnH2n+1)-,(CnH2n-1O2)-,(CnH2n-3O2)-,和(Cn+1H2n-2O4)2-,其中n代表1-20的数。
在这方面优选的是羧酸铯,其中阴离子符合式(CnH2n-1O2)-和(Cn+1H2n-2O4)2-,其中n是1-20。特别优选的铯盐含有通式为(CnH2n-1O2)-的单羧酸根阴离子,其中n是1-20的数。特别值得注意的是甲酸盐、乙酸盐、丙酸盐、己酸盐和2-乙基己酸盐。
作为催化剂,可以另外使用以下化合物:
-式 的有机金属盐,如US-A-3817939所述,
其中:
A是羟基或氢原子,
n是1-3的数,
R是多官能的直链或支化的、脂族或芳族的烃基,和 是阳离子,例如碱金属阳离子或季铵阳离子,例如四烷基铵,以及
-下式的羟基烷基季铵化合物:
-CH2-CH(OH)-R27 θO-(CO)-R28
作为催化剂,如DE-A-2631733(US-A-4040992)所述,基团定义如上。
特别适合用于此方法的催化剂是对应于下式的季铵盐:
其中
Yθ是羧酸根(R13COO-)、氟离子(F-)、碳酸根(R13O(CO)O-)或氢氧根(OH-),如对于Y-=OH-所述,参见US专利4,324,879和德国未审公开说明书 2,806,731和2,901,479。
基团Yθ优选是羧酸根、碳酸根或氢氧根,更优选是羧酸根或氢氧根。
在这里,R13是氢、C1-C20烷基、C6-C12芳基或C7-C20芳基烷基,各自可以任选被取代。
优选R13是氢或C1-C8烷基。
优选的季铵盐是其中基团R9至R12是相同或不同的具有1-20个碳原子、优选1-4个碳原子的烷基的那些,它们任选地被羟基或苯基取代。
基团R9至R12中的两个也可以与氮原子和任选地与其它氮或氧原子组合形成杂环的5、6或7元环。基团R9至R11可以在每种情况下也是亚乙基,其与季氮原子和与其它叔氮原子组合形成双环的三亚乙基二胺结构,前提条件是基团R12则是具有2-4个碳原子的羟基烷基,其中羟基优选位于季氮原子的2-位上。一个或多个被羟基取代的基团也可以含有其它取代基,例子是C1-C4烷氧基取代基。
铵离子也可以是单环或多环体系的一部分,例如衍生自哌嗪、吗啉、哌啶、吡咯烷、奎宁环或1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷。
具有1-20个碳原子的基团R9至R12的例子各自独立地是甲基,乙基,丙基,异丙基,正丁基,仲丁基,叔丁基,戊基,己基,庚基,辛基,2-乙基己基,2,4,4-三甲基戊基,壬基,异壬基,癸基,十二烷基,十四烷基,十六烷基,十八烷基,1,1-二甲基丙基,1,1-二甲基丁基,1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基,苄基,1-苯基乙基,2-苯基乙基,α,α-二甲基苄基,二苯甲基,p-甲苯基甲基,1-(p-丁基苯基)乙基,p-氯苄基,2,4-二氯苄基,p-甲氧基苄基,m-乙氧基苄基,2-氰基乙基,2-氰基丙基,2-甲氧基羰基乙基,2-乙氧基羰基乙基,2-丁氧基羰基丙基,1,2-二(甲氧基羰基)乙基,2-甲氧基乙基,2-乙氧基乙基,2-丁氧基乙基,二乙氧基甲基,二乙氧基乙基,氯甲基,2-氯乙基,三氯甲基,三氟甲基,1,1-二甲基-2-氯乙基,2-甲氧基异丙基,2-乙氧基乙基,2-羟基乙基,2-羟基丙基,3-羟基丙基,4-羟基丁基,6-羟基己基,2-羟基-2,2-二甲基乙基,2-苯氧基乙基,2-苯氧基丙基,3-苯氧基丙基,4-苯氧基丁基,6-苯氧基己基,2-甲氧基乙基,2-甲氧基丙基,3-甲氧基丙基,4-甲氧基丁基,6-甲氧基己基, 2-乙氧基乙基,2-乙氧基丙基,3-乙氧基丙基,4-乙氧基丁基,6-乙氧基己基,苯基,甲苯基,二甲苯基,α-萘基,β-萘基,4-联苯基,氯苯基,二氯苯基,三氯苯基,二氟苯基,甲基苯基,二甲基苯基,三甲基苯基,乙基苯基,二乙基苯基,异丙基苯基,叔丁基苯基,十二烷基苯基,甲氧基苯基,二甲氧基苯基,甲基萘基,异丙基萘基,氯萘基,2,6-二甲基苯基,2,4,6-三甲基苯基,2,6-二甲氧基苯基,2,6-二氯苯基,环戊基,环己基,环辛基,环十二烷基,甲基环戊基,二甲基环戊基,甲基环己基,二甲基环己基,二乙基环己基,丁基环己基,氯环己基,二氯环己基,二氯环戊基,降冰片基或降冰片烯基。
各自独立地,基团R9至R12优选是C1-C4烷基。R12可以另外是苄基或下式基团:
其中R14和R15各自独立地可以是氢或C1-C4烷基。
特别优选的基团R9至R12各自独立地是甲基、乙基和正丁基,并且R12另外是苄基、2-羟基乙基和2-羟基丙基。
对于本发明方法,可以优选使用以下催化剂:
季铵氢氧化物,优选N,N,N-三甲基-N-苄基氢氧化铵和N,N,N-三甲基-N-(2-羟基丙基)氢氧化铵,如DE-A-3806276所述。
被羟基烷基取代的季铵氢氧化物,如EP-A-10589(US-A-4324879)所述。
式 的有机金属盐,如US-A-3817939所述,其中A是羟基或氢原子,n是1-3的数,R是多官能的直链或支化的、脂族或芳族的烃基,M是强碱的阳离子,例如碱金属阳离子或季铵阳离子,例如四烷基铵。
优选的催化剂是Zn(II)盐,其中它们尤其是乙酰丙酮化锌。
另外优选的是所述铯盐和铋盐。
这些种类的催化剂可以抑制在反应期间形成聚异氰酸酯。因此,可以获得其中脲基甲酸酯基团与异氰脲酸酯基团的比率为至少0.1∶1的反应混合物,优选至少0.3∶1,更优选至少0.5∶1,非常优选至少1∶1,更尤其是至少1.5∶1,尤其是至少5∶1,甚至是至少10∶1。
另外优选的是二月桂酸二丁锡。
根据活性,催化剂的用量一般是相对于所用异氰酸酯基团而言的0.001-10摩尔%,优选0.5-8摩尔%,更优选1-7摩尔%,非常优选2-5摩尔%。
异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯一般按照相对于醇中的羟基而言至少两倍等摩尔化学计量比使用,优选异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯与一种醇中的羟基相比过量2.5-10倍,优选过量3-8倍,更优选过量4-5倍。
未反应的异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯可以保留在反应混合物中,或优选经由蒸馏分离出去,例如闪蒸或薄膜蒸馏。
在反应混合物中,未反应的异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的量一般是低于1重量%,优选低于0.5重量%,更优选低于0.3重量%。
此反应优选在没有溶剂的情况下进行,但是也可以在至少一种溶剂的存在下进行。相似地,所得反应混合物在反应结束后可以配制在溶剂中。
可以使用的溶剂是不具有对异氰酸酯基团有反应性的基团的那些,并且在此溶剂中,多异氰酸酯能溶解至少10重量%,优选至少25重量%,更优选至少50重量%,非常优选至少75重量%,更尤其是至少90重量%,尤其是至少95重量%。
这种溶剂的例子是芳烃(包括烷基化苯和萘)和/或(环)脂族的烃以及它们的混合物,氯化烃,酮,酯,烷氧基化烷基醇盐,醚,以及这些溶剂的混合物。
优选的芳烃混合物是主要含有芳族C7-C14烃的那些,并可以包含110-300℃的沸程;特别优选甲苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯或对二甲苯、三甲基苯异构体、四甲基苯异构体、乙苯、枯烯、四氢化萘和含有它们的混合物。
例子是来自ExxonMobil Chemical公司的 产品,尤其是 100(CAS No.64742-95-6,主要是C9和C10芳族化合物,沸程为约154-178℃)、150(沸程为约182-207℃)和200(CAS No.64742-94-5),以及来自Shell公司的 产品,来自Petrochem Carless公司的 (例如 18)和来自DHC公司的Hydrosol(例如 A 170)。含有链烷烃、环烷烃和芳族化合物的烃混合物也可以以商品名Kristalloel(例如,Kristalloel 30,沸程为约158-198℃或Kristalloel 60:CAS No.64742-82-1)、白油(例如CAS No.64742-82-1)或溶剂石脑油(轻质:沸程为约155-180℃,重质:沸程为约225-300℃)获得。这些烃混合物的芳族含量一般大于90重量%,优选大于95重量%,更优选大于98重量%,非常优选大于99重量%。可以使用具有特定降低的萘含量的烃混合物。
(环)脂族烃的例子包括十氢化萘、烷基化十氢化萘,以及直链或支化链烷和/或环烷烃的异构体混合物。
脂族烃的用量一般小于5重量%,优选小于2.5重量%,更优选小于1重量%。
酯是例如乙酸正丁酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸1-甲氧基丙-2-基酯和乙酸2-甲氧基乙基酯。
醚是例如THF、二噁烷,以及乙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、丙二醇、双丙甘醇或三丙甘醇的二甲基醚、二乙基醚或二正丁基醚。
酮是例如丙酮、二乙基酮、乙基甲基酮、异丁基甲基酮、甲基戊基酮和叔丁基甲基酮。
本发明的含有脲基甲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯用于例如双组分聚氨酯涂料中,所述涂料具有至少一种含有异氰酸酯活性基团的组分(粘合剂)。为此目的,它们可以单独使用或作为与和这些含有脲基甲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯不同的多异氰酸酯的混合物,用做交联剂组分。
这些其它多异氰酸酯可以通过单体异氰酸酯的低聚反应获得。
所用的单体异氰酸酯可以是芳族、脂族或脂环族的,优选是脂族或脂 环族的,这在本文中简称为(环)脂族。脂族异氰酸酯是特别优选的。
芳族异氰酸酯是含有至少一个芳环体系的那些,换句话说不仅是纯芳族化合物而且是芳脂族化合物。
脂环族异氰酸酯是含有至少一个脂环族环体系的那些。
脂族异氰酸酯是仅仅含有直链或支链的那些,即无环化合物。
单体异氰酸酯优选是二异氰酸酯,其带有仅仅两个异氰酸酯基团。但是,它们可以原则上还是具有一个异氰酸酯基团的单异氰酸酯。
原则上,具有平均多于两个异氰酸酯基团的高级异氰酸酯也是可能的。合适的是例如三异氰酸酯,例如三异氰酸酯基壬烷、2,4,6-三异氰酸酯基甲苯、三苯基甲烷三异氰酸酯或2,4,4’-三异氰酸酯基二苯基醚,或二异氰酸酯、三异氰酸酯和高级多异氰酸酯的混合物,高级多异氰酸酯是例如通过相应苯胺/甲醛缩合物的光气化制备的,并代表亚甲基桥接的多苯基多异氰酸酯。
这些单体异氰酸酯不含任何异氰酸酯基团与它们本身的反应产物。
单体异氰酸酯优选是具有4-20个碳原子的异氰酸酯。典型二异氰酸酯的例子是脂族二异氰酸酯,例如四亚甲基二异氰酸酯、五亚甲基1,5-二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(1,6-二异氰酸酯基己烷)、八亚甲基二异氰酸酯、十亚甲基二异氰酸酯、十二亚甲基二异氰酸酯、十四亚甲基二异氰酸酯、赖氨酸二异氰酸酯的衍生物、三甲基己烷二异氰酸酯或四甲基己烷二异氰酸酯;脂环族二异氰酸酯,例如1,4-、1,3-或1,2-二异氰酸酯基环己烷,4,4’-或2,4’-二(异氰酸酯基环己基)甲烷,1-异氰酸酯基-3,3,5-三甲基-5-(异氰酸酯基甲基)环己烷(异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯),1,3-或1,4-双(异氰酸酯基甲基)环己烷或2,4-或2,6-二异氰酸酯基-1-甲基环己烷,以及3(或4)、8(或9)-双(异氰酸酯基甲基)三环[5.2.1.02.6]癸烷异构体混合物;以及芳族二异氰酸酯,例如甲苯2,4-或2,6-二异氰酸酯和它们的异构体混合物,间-或对-苯二甲撑二异氰酸酯,2,4’-或4,4’-二异氰酸酯基二苯基甲烷和它们的异构体混合物,亚苯基1,3-或1,4-二异氰酸酯,1-氯亚苯基2,4-二异氰酸酯,亚萘基1,5-二异氰酸酯,亚联苯基4,4’-二异氰酸酯,4,4’-二异氰酸酯基-3,3’- 二甲基联苯,3-甲基二苯基甲烷4,4’-二异氰酸酯,四甲基苯二甲撑二异氰酸酯,1,4-二异氰酸酯基苯或二苯基醚4,4’-二异氰酸酯。
特别优选六亚甲基1,6-二异氰酸酯、1,3-双(异氰酸酯基甲基)环己烷、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和4,4’-或2,4’-二(异氰酸酯基环己基)甲烷,非常特别优选异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和六亚甲基1,6-二异氰酸酯,尤其优选六亚甲基1,6-二异氰酸酯。
也可以存在所述异氰酸酯的混合物。
异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯通常以混合物的形式使用,尤其是顺式和反式异构体的混合物,通常比例是约60∶40至80∶20(w/w),优选比例是约70∶30至75∶25,更优选比例是约75∶25。
二环己基甲烷4,4’-二异氰酸酯也可以是不同顺式和反式异构体的混合物的形式。
为了本发明,不仅可以使用通过将相应胺光气化获得的那些二异氰酸酯,而且可以使用在不使用光气的情况下获得的那些,即通过无光气方法。根据EP-A-0126299(US 4596678)、EP-A-126300(US 4596679)和EP-A-355443(US 5087739),例如,(环)脂族二异氰酸酯例如六亚甲基1,6-二异氰酸酯(HDI)、在亚烷基中具有6个碳原子的异构脂族二异氰酸酯、4,4’-或2,4’-二(异氰酸酯基环己基)甲烷和1-异氰酸酯基-3-异氰酸酯基甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己烷(异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯或IPDI)可以如下制备:使(环)脂族二胺与例如脲和醇反应得到(环)脂族二氨基甲酸酯,并将所述酯随后热分裂成相应的二异氰酸酯和醇。合成通常在循环工艺中连续地进行,并且任选地在N-未取代的氨基甲酸酯、碳酸二烷基酯和其它从反应工艺循环的副产物的存在下进行。以此方式获得的二异氰酸酯通常含有非常低比例或甚至不可检测的比例的氯化化合物,这在例如电子工业应用中是有利的。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,所用的异氰酸酯具有小于200ppm的可水解的氯含量总量,优选小于120ppm,更优选小于80ppm,非常优选小于50ppm,尤其是小于15ppm,特别是小于10ppm。这可以通过例如ASTM 标准D4663-98检测。当然,也可以使用具有更高氯含量的单体异氰酸酯,例如最多500ppm。
应当理解的是,也可以使用通过(环)脂族二胺与例如脲和醇反应并将所得的(环)脂族二氨基甲酸酯分裂而获得的那些单体异氰酸酯与通过将相应胺光气化而获得的那些二异氰酸酯的混合物。
可通过单体异氰酸酯低聚而形成的多异氰酸酯通常具有以下特征:
这些化合物的平均NCO官能度一般是至少1.8,可以最多是8,优选是2-5,更优选是2.4-4。
按照NCO=42g/mol计算,在低聚后的异氰酸酯基团含量一般是5-25重量%,除非另有说明。
与本发明含有脲基甲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯不同的多异氰酸酯优选是以下化合物:
1)含有异氰脲酸酯基团并且从芳族、脂族和/或脂环族二异氰酸酯衍生的多异氰酸酯。这里特别优选的是相应的脂族和/或脂环族异氰酸酯基异氰脲酸酯,和尤其以六亚甲基二异氰酸酯和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯为基础的那些。所存在的异氰脲酸酯尤其是三异氰酸酯基烷基和/或三异氰酸酯基环烷基异氰脲酸酯,它们构成二异氰酸酯的环状三聚体,或是与它们的含有多于一个异氰脲酸酯环的高级同系物的混合物。所述异氰酸酯基异氰脲酸酯一般具有10-30重量%、尤其15-25重量%的NCO含量和2.6-8的平均NCO官能度。
2)含有脲二酮基团并具有以芳族、脂族和/或脂环族方式键接的异氰酸酯基的、优选具有以脂族和/或脂环族方式键接的异氰酸酯基的多异氰酸酯,和尤其从六亚甲基二异氰酸酯或异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯衍生的那些。脲二酮二异氰酸酯是二异氰酸酯的环状二聚产物。
含脲二酮基团的多异氰酸酯在本发明中作为与其它多异氰酸酯、更尤其在1)下提到的那些的混合物获得。为此目的,二异氰酸酯可以在不仅能形成脲二酮基团而且形成其它多异氰酸酯的反应条件下反应,或者先形成脲二酮基团、随后反应得到其它多异氰酸酯,或者二异氰酸酯先反应得到 其它多异氰酸酯、随后反应得到含脲二酮基团的产物。
3)含有缩二脲基团并具有以芳族、脂环族或脂族方式键接的(优选以脂环族或脂族方式键接的)异氰酸酯基的多异氰酸酯,尤其三(6-异氰酸酯基己基)缩二脲或它与其高级同系物的混合物。含有缩二脲基团的这些多异氰酸酯一般具有18-22重量%的NCO含量和2.8-6的平均NCO官能度。
4)含有氨基甲酸酯和/或脲基甲酸酯基团并具有以芳族、脂族或脂环族方式键接的(优选以脂族或脂环族方式键接的)异氰酸酯基的多异氰酸酯,它们可以通过例如过量的二异氰酸酯例如六亚甲基二异氰酸酯或异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯与一元醇或多元醇(A)之间的反应而获得。这些含有氨基甲酸酯和/或脲基甲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯一般具有12-24重量%的NCO含量和2.5-4.5的平均NCO官能度。这种含有氨基甲酸酯和/或脲基甲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯可以在不使用催化剂的情况下制备,或优选在催化剂的存在下制备,催化剂例如是羧酸铵或氢氧化铵,或脲基甲酸酯化催化剂,例如Zn(II)化合物,例如在每种情况下在一元醇、二元醇或多元醇的存在下进行,优选一元醇。
5)含有噁二嗪三酮基团的多异氰酸酯,优选是从六亚甲基二异氰酸酯或异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯衍生的。这种含有噁二嗪三酮基团的多异氰酸酯可以从二异氰酸酯和二氧化碳制备。
6)含有亚氨基噁二嗪二酮基团的多异氰酸酯,优选是从六亚甲基二异氰酸酯或异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯衍生的。这种含有亚氨基噁二嗪二酮基团的多异氰酸酯可以从二异氰酸酯用特定的催化剂制备。
7)脲酮亚胺-改性的多异氰酸酯。
8)碳二酰亚胺-改性的多异氰酸酯。
9)超支化多异氰酸酯,这种多异氰酸酯例如参见DE-A110013186或DE-A110013187。
10)聚氨酯-多异氰酸酯预聚物,来自二异氰酸酯和/或多异氰酸酯和醇。
11)聚脲-多异氰酸酯预聚物。
12)多异氰酸酯1)至11)、优选1)、3)、4)和6)可以在它们的制备后被转化成含有缩二脲基团或氨基甲酸酯/脲基甲酸酯基团并具有以芳族、脂环族或脂族方式键接(优选以(环)脂族方式键接)的异氰酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯。缩二脲基团的形成是例如通过加入水或通过与胺反应完成的。氨基甲酸酯和/或脲基甲酸酯基团的形成是例如通过与一元醇、二元醇或多元醇(优选与一元醇)任选在合适催化剂的存在下反应完成的。这些含有缩二脲基团或氨基甲酸酯/脲基甲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯一般具有18-22重量%的NCO含量和2.8-6的平均NCO官能度。
13)亲水改性的多异氰酸酯,即含有在1-12中所述的基团并还含有能从向上述分子的异氰酸酯基团加成含有NCO-反应性基团和亲水化基团而获得的基团的那些多异氰酸酯。后面所述的基团是非离子性基团,例如烷基聚氧乙烯,和/或从磷酸、膦酸、硫酸或磺酸衍生的离子基团,和/或它们的盐。
14)用于双重固化应用的改性多异氰酸酯,即含有在1-12中所述的基团并还含有能从向上述分子的异氰酸酯基团加成含有NCO-反应性基团和可UV交联或可光化辐射交联的基团而获得的基团的那些多异氰酸酯。这些分子例如是(甲基)丙烯酸羟基烷基酯和其它羟基乙烯基化合物。
上述二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯也可以至少部分地以封闭形式存在。
用于封闭的化合物种类参见D.A.Wicks,Z.W.Wicks,Progress inOrganic Coatings,36,148-172(1999),41,1-83(2001)以及43,131-140(2001)。
用于封闭的化合物的例子是酚、咪唑、三唑、吡唑、肟、N-羟基酰亚胺、羟基苯甲酸酯、仲胺、内酰胺、CH-酸性环酮、丙二酸酯或乙酰乙酸烷基酯。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,多异氰酸酯选自异氰脲酸酯、缩二脲、氨基甲酸酯和脲基甲酸酯,优选选自异氰脲酸酯、氨基甲酸酯和脲基甲酸酯,更优选选自异氰脲酸酯和脲基甲酸酯;尤其是含有异氰脲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,多异氰酸酯包括含有异氰脲酸酯基团并且从1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯和/或异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯获得的多异氰酸酯。
在本发明的另一个优选实施方案中,多异氰酸酯包括含有异氰脲酸酯基团并且从1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯和从异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯获得的多异氰酸酯的混合物。
在本发明的一个特别优选的实施方案中,多异氰酸酯是含有低粘度多异氰酸酯的混合物,优选粘度为600-1500mPa.s、更尤其低于1200mPa.s的含异氰脲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯,粘度为200-1600mPa.s、更尤其600-1500mPa.s的低粘度氨基甲酸酯和/或脲基甲酸酯,和/或含亚氨基噁二嗪二酮基团的多异氰酸酯。
在本说明书中,粘度是根据DIN EN ISO 3219/A.3在23℃在锥/板体系中剪切速率为1000s-1的情况下报告的,除非另有说明。
本发明的含有脲基甲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯可以按照需要作为与其它多异氰酸酯的混合物用做交联剂组分,与至少一种粘合剂一起用于聚氨酯涂料中。
一般而言,对于多异氰酸酯组合物而言,换句话说对于含有异氰酸酯基团的化合物的总和而言:
使用50-100重量%的本发明的含有脲基甲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯,优选50-90重量%,更优选60-80重量%,和
0-50重量%的其它多异氰酸酯,优选10-50重量%,更优选20-40重量%,
前提是总和总是100重量%。
粘合剂可以例如是聚丙烯酸酯多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇、聚氨酯多元醇;聚脲多元醇;聚酯-聚丙烯酸酯多元醇;聚酯-聚氨酯多元醇;聚氨酯-聚丙烯酸酯多元醇;聚氨酯改性的醇酸树脂;脂肪酸改性的聚酯-聚氨酯多元醇;具有烯丙基醚的共聚物,具有例如不同玻璃化转变温度的所述化合物的接枝聚合物,以及所述粘合剂的混合物。优选聚丙烯酸酯多 元醇、聚酯多元醇和聚醚多元醇。
按照DIN 53240-2检测,优选的羟值是对于聚酯为40-350mgKOH/g树脂固体,优选80-180mgKOH/g树脂固体;对于聚丙烯酸酯多元醇为15-250mgKOH/g树脂固体,优选80-160mgKOH/g树脂固体。
另外,粘合剂可以具有按照DIN EN ISO 3682检测的酸值为最多200mgKOH/g,优选最多150mgKOH/g,更优选最多100mgKOH/g。
聚丙烯酸酯多元醇优选具有至少1000g/mol的分子量Mn,更优选至少2000g/mol,非常优选至少5000g/mol。分子量Mn可以原则上没有上限,可以优选达到200,000g/mol,更优选达到100,000g/mol,非常优选达到80,000g/mol,更尤其达到50,000g/mol。
后者可以例如是α,β-不饱和羧酸与具有优选2-20个碳原子和至少两个羟基的二醇或多元醇形成的单酯,α,β-不饱和羧酸是例如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸(在本文中简称为“(甲基)丙烯酸”),二醇或多元醇是例如乙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,1-二甲基-1,2-乙二醇、双丙甘醇、三甘醇、四甘醇、五甘醇、三丙甘醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、新戊二醇、新戊二醇羟基新戊酸酯、2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、2-丁基-2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇、1,6-己二醇、2-甲基-1,5-戊二醇、2-乙基-1,4-丁二醇、2-乙基-1,3-己二醇、2,4-二乙基辛-1,3-二醇、2,2-二(4-羟基环己基)丙烷,1,1-、1,2-、1,3-和1,4-二(羟基甲基)环己烷,1,2-、1,3-或1,4-环己烷二醇,甘油,三羟甲基乙烷,三羟甲基丙烷,三羟甲基丁烷,季戊四醇,双三羟甲基丙烷,双季戊四醇,山梨醇、甘露醇、双甘油、苏糖醇、赤藓醇、阿东糖醇(核糖醇)、阿糖醇(阿拉伯糖醇)、木糖醇、卫矛醇(半乳糖醇)、麦芽糖醇、异麦芽糖醇,分子量为162-4500、优选250-2000的聚四氢呋喃,分子量为134-2000的聚1,3-丙二醇或聚丙二醇,或分子量为238-2000的聚乙二醇。
优选丙烯酸2-羟基乙基酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟基乙基酯、丙烯酸2-或3-羟基丙基酯,1,4-丁二醇单丙烯酸酯或丙烯酸3-(丙烯酰氧基)-2-羟基丙基酯,特别优选丙烯酸2-羟基乙基酯和/或甲基丙烯酸2-羟基乙基酯。
带羟基的单体作为与其它可共聚单体的混合物用于共聚中,优选可自由基聚合的单体,优选由大于50重量%的C1-C20、优选C1-C4烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸、具有最多20个碳原子的乙烯基芳族化合物、含最多20个碳原子的羧酸的乙烯基酯、乙烯基卤、具有4-8个碳原子和1或2个双键的非芳族烃、不饱和腈和它们的混合物组成的那些。特别优选由大于60重量%C1-C10烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯和其衍生物、乙烯基咪唑或其混合物组成的聚合物。
另外,聚合物可以含有与上述羟基含量对应的羟基官能单体和任选的其它单体,例子是(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油基环氧基酯,烯属不饱和酸,更尤其是羧酸、酸酐或酰胺。
其它聚合物例如是聚酯多元醇,其可以通过多羧酸、尤其二羧酸与多元醇、尤其二醇的缩合获得。为了确保适用于聚合的聚酯多元醇官能度,也可以使用部分三醇、四醇等以及三酸等。
聚酯多元醇例如参见Ullmanns der technischen Chemie,第4版,第19卷,第62-65页。优选使用通过二元醇与二羧酸反应获得的聚酯多元醇。代替游离的多羧酸,也可以使用相应的多羧酸酐或相应的低级醇多羧酸酯或它们的混合物来制备聚酯多元醇。多羧酸可以是脂族、脂环族、芳族或杂环的,可以按照需要被例如卤原子取代,和/或是不饱和的。例子可以包括以下:
草酸,马来酸,富马酸,琥珀酸,戊二酸,己二酸,癸二酸,十二烷二酸,邻苯二甲酸,间苯二甲酸,对苯二甲酸,偏苯三酸,壬二酸,1,4-环己烷二甲酸或四氢邻苯二甲酸,辛二酸,壬二酸,邻苯二甲酸酐,四氢邻苯二甲酸酐,六氢邻苯二甲酸酐,四氯邻苯二甲酸酐,内亚甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐,戊二酸酐,马来酸酐,二聚脂肪酸,它们的异构体和氢化产物,以及可酯化的衍生物,例如使用所述酸的酸酐或二烷基酯,例如C1-C4烷基酯,优选甲基酯、乙基酯或正丁基酯。优选通式HOOC-(CH2)y-COOH的二羧酸,其中y是1-20的数,优选2-20的偶数,更优选琥珀酸、己二酸、癸二酸以及十二烷二羧酸。
适用于制备聚酯多元醇的多元醇包括1,2-丙二醇、乙二醇、2,2-二甲基-1,2-乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,2-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、3-甲基戊-1,5-二醇、2-乙基己-1,3-二醇、2,4-二乙基辛-1,3-二醇、1,6-己二醇,分子量为162-4500、优选250-2000的聚四氢呋喃,分子量为134-1178的聚1,3-丙二醇,分子量为134-898的聚1,2-丙二醇,分子量为106-458的聚乙二醇,新戊二醇,新戊二醇羟基新戊酸酯,2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇,2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇,2,2-二(4-羟基环己基)丙烷,1,1-、1,2-、1,3-和1,4-环己烷二甲醇,1,2-、1,3-或1,4-环己烷二醇,三羟甲基丁烷,三羟甲基丙烷,三羟甲基乙烷,新戊二醇,季戊四醇,甘油,双三羟甲基丙烷,双季戊四醇,山梨醇、甘露醇、双甘油、苏糖醇、赤藓醇、阿东糖醇(核糖醇)、阿糖醇(阿拉伯糖醇)、木糖醇、卫矛醇(半乳糖醇)、麦芽糖醇或异麦芽糖醇,它们可以任选地如上所述被烷氧基化。
优选的醇是通式HO-(CH2)x-OH的那些,其中x是1-20的数,优选2-20的偶数。优选的是乙二醇、丁-1,4-二醇、己-1,6-二醇、辛-1,8-二醇和十二烷-1,12-二醇。另外优选的是新戊二醇。
此外,也合适的是聚碳酸酯二醇,其可以例如通过光气与过量的作为用于聚酯多元醇的合成组分所规定的低分子量醇反应而获得。
也合适的是基于内酯的聚酯二醇,它们是内酯的均聚物或共聚物,优选内酯与合适双官能起始分子的羟基封端加合物。合适的内酯优选是从通式HO-(CH2)z-COOH的化合物衍生的那些,其中z是1-20的数,其中亚甲基单元的一个氢原子也可以被C1-C4烷基取代。例子是ε-己内酯、β-丙内酯、γ-丁内酯和/或甲基-ε-己内酯,4-羟基苯甲酸,6-羟基-2-萘甲酸或新戊内酯,以及它们的混合物。合适的起始组分的例子包括上述作为用于聚酯多元醇的合成组分所规定的低分子量二醇。特别优选ε-己内酯的相应聚合物。低级聚酯二醇或聚醚二酯也可以作为起始组分用于制备内酯聚合物。代替内酯的聚合物,也可以使用与内酯对应的羟基羧酸的相应的、化学等价的缩聚物。
此外,也合适的聚合物是聚醚醇,它们是通过环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷或 环氧丁烷与H-活性组分的加成反应制备的那些。丁二醇的缩聚物也是合适的。
另外,可以使用羟基官能羧酸,例如二羟甲基丙酸或二羟甲基丁酸。
当然,聚合物也可以是含有伯氨基或仲氨基的化合物。
为此目的,多异氰酸酯组合物与粘合剂彼此按照异氰酸酯基团与异氰酸酯活性基团的摩尔比为0.1∶1至10∶1混合,优选0.2∶1至5∶1,更优选0.3∶1至3∶1,非常优选0.5∶1至2∶1,更尤其是0.8∶1至1.2∶1,尤其是0.9∶1至1.1∶1,按照需要可以与另外的典型涂料成分混合,并且将所得的混合物施用到基材上。
随后,涂料混合物在合适的条件下固化。根据应用,这可以例如在OEM应用中的涂料的情况下在100-140℃下进行,或例如在20-80℃的较低温度下进行。
根据温度,这一般进行不超过12小时,优选最多8小时,更优选最多6小时,非常优选最多4小时,尤其是最多3小时。
另外,涂料组合物还可以含有0-10重量%的至少一种UV稳定剂。
合适的稳定剂包括典型的UV吸收剂,例如N,N’-草酰二苯胺、三嗪和苯并三唑(后者可以作为 从 获得)和二苯甲酮。
它们可以还含有0-5重量%的合适的自由基清除剂,例子是位阻胺,例如2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,2,6-二叔丁基哌啶或其衍生物,例如二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯。
此外,涂料组合物还可以含有0-10重量%的其它典型的涂料添加剂。
此外,可以使用的典型的涂料添加剂包括例如抗氧化剂、活化剂(加速剂)、填料、颜料、染料、抗静电剂、阻燃剂、增稠剂、触变剂、表面活性剂、粘度改进剂、增塑剂或螯合剂。
除了可自由基(共)聚合的(共)聚合物之外,合适的增稠剂包括典型的有机和无机增稠剂,例如羟基甲基纤维素或膨润土。
可以使用的螯合剂包括例如亚乙基二氨基乙酸和其盐,以及β-二酮。 合适的填料包括硅酸盐,例子是可通过四氯化硅的水解获得的硅酸盐,例如来自Degussa的 硅藻土,滑石,硅酸铝,硅酸镁,碳酸钙等。
基材可以通过本领域技术人员公知的常规方法进行涂覆,其中将至少一种涂料组合物按照所需要的厚度施用到要涂覆的基材上,并除去涂料组合物中的任何挥发性成分,任选地在加热下进行。此操作可以任选地重复一次或多次。向基材的施用可以按照公知的方式进行,例如通过喷涂、抹涂、刮刀涂、刷涂、滚动、辊涂、流动涂覆、层合、注射反模塑或共挤出。
这种用于固化的膜的厚度可以是0.1μm到数mm,优选1-2000μm,更优选5-200μm,非常优选5-60μm(基于处于已脱除溶剂状态的涂料)。
本发明还提供用含有本发明的含脲基甲酸酯的多异氰酸酯的涂料涂覆的基材。
这种聚氨酯涂料尤其适用于要求特别高水平的施用可靠性、户外耐侯性、光学质量、耐溶剂性、耐化学品性和耐水性的应用。
所得的双组分涂料组合物和涂料配制剂原则上适用于涂覆基材,例如木材、木片、纸、纸板、卡纸板、织物、膜、皮革、非织造物、塑料表面、玻璃、陶瓷、无机建筑材料,例如水泥模塑块和纤维-水泥板,或金属,它们各自可以任选地已被预涂覆或预处理。但是,它们特别优选适用于涂覆塑料表面和金属基材。
这些涂料组合物优选用做透明涂料、底涂料、面涂料、底漆和二道底漆,并且考虑到它们的高耐划性,尤其用做作面涂料,优选用做透明涂料,更尤其用于在(大型)交通工具和飞机上的涂料中,以及作为OEM和再涂饰漆用于汽车涂饰剂中。
本发明的含有脲基甲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯的优点是在透明涂料中它们能同时产生高硬度和优良的弹性。此外,本发明的产物通常导致高官能度。
实施例
实施例1
将800g的单体异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(3.6mol)与47.9g(0.18mol)的带有平均一个氧化丙烯基团/羟基的丙氧基化甘油混合,并将此混合物加热到80℃。将透明溶液与0.2g的乙酰丙酮化锌混合。使混合物在120℃保持约5小时。NCO含量是30.6%。将此混合物与0.2ml的磷酸二乙基己基酯混合。未反应的单体是在薄膜蒸发器中在165℃的外部温度和4.1毫巴下除去的。固体产物的NCO含量是13.2%。产物在乙酸丁酯中的70%浓度溶液具有10.4%的NCO含量和2340mPas的粘度。
对比例1
将800g(4.76mol)的1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯与63.3g(0.24mol)的与实施例1中相同的丙氧基化甘油混合,并将此混合物加热到80℃。将透明溶液与0.2g的乙酰丙酮化锌混合。将混合物加热到120℃
1小时后,烧瓶的内容物没有发生交联。
应用实施例:
将来自实施例1的多异氰酸酯以及对比多异氰酸酯(基于1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的商品异氰脲酸酯(NCO含量为约22重量%,按照DIN ENISO 3219在23℃和1000s-1下的粘度为约3300mPas, HI 100,来自BASF AG,Ludwigshafen)与基于异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的商品异氰脲酸酯(NCO含量为约12.0重量%,在乙酸丁酯中的70%浓度溶液,按照DIN EN ISO 3219在23℃和1000s-1下的粘度为约700mPas, IT170B,来自BASF AG,Ludwigshafen)按照化学计量比为7∶3的混合物)与羟基官能聚丙烯酸酯树脂( SM 600,Cytec;固含量=60%;羟值=100mgKOH/g)混合,对应于化学计量比NCO/OH比率为1∶1,并且用乙酸丁酯调节到施用粘度为20s(DIN 53211杯4mm流出喷嘴)。使用画框,将湿膜厚度为200微米的涂料施用到金属板上。在10分钟闪蒸时间后,所得的透明涂层分别在80℃和130℃固化30分钟,并检测涂料的摆 测硬度和埃里克森杯突(Erichsen cupping)。检测被涂覆的板在23℃和50%相对湿度下在受控气候室中储存24小时后的涂料性能。
埃里克森杯突是按照相同的方式如DIN 53156所述检测的。高的值表示高柔性。
摆测硬度是按照相同的方式如DIN 53157所述检测的,高的值表示高硬度。
摆测硬度80℃ | 埃里克森杯突80℃ | |
对比多异氰酸酯 | 118 | >9.0 |
实施例1 | 135 | >9.0 |
摆测硬度130℃ | 埃里克森杯突130℃ | |
对比多异氰酸酯 | 128 | >9.0 |
实施例1 | 140 | 8.5 |
实验显示本发明的多异氰酸酯具有与对比多异氰酸酯混合物相当的弹性,但具有改进的硬度。
Claims (7)
1.式(I)的含有脲基甲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯:
其中
Ra是(k+m)价有机基团,其是衍生自母体醇Ra-(-Y-H)(k+m),其中母体醇是选自三羟甲基丁烷、三羟甲基丙烷、三羟甲基乙烷、季戊四醇、甘油、双甘油、苏糖醇和赤藓醇,
k是0或正数,
m是正数,
前提是(k+m)是3-4的值,
Y是氧原子,
Xi对于每个从1到n的i而言各自独立地选自-CH2-CH2-O-、-CH2-CH(CH3)-O-和-CH(CH3)-CH2-O-,
n对于每个k和每个m而言各自独立地是0或1-3,并且表示在式(I)化合物中的基团Xi的总数、即n值的总和是3-6,和
Rb对于每个k和每个m而言各自独立地是以下基团:
2.权利要求1的含有脲基甲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯,其中作为分子量为42g/mol的NCO计算,NCO含量是大于5重量%且最多为17重量%。
3.一种双组分聚氨酯涂料,其含有权利要求1或2的含有脲基甲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯、任选的其它多异氰酸酯、以及至少一种含有异氰酸酯活性基团的组分。
4.权利要求1或2的含有脲基甲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯在透明涂料中的用途。
5.权利要求1或2的含有脲基甲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯在用于交通工具、飞机的涂料组合物中以及作为OEM和再涂饰漆在汽车涂饰剂中的用途。
6.一种制备权利要求1或2的含有脲基甲酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯的方法,包括将异佛二酮二异氰酸酯与醇按照相对于醇中的羟基的至少两倍等摩尔化学计量比混合,并使它们一起在至少一种催化剂的存在下在至少80℃的温度下反应。
7.权利要求6的方法,其中催化剂选自锌盐、铯盐、铋盐和锡化合物。
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US9550857B2 (en) | 2010-07-13 | 2017-01-24 | Basf Se | High-functionality polyisocyanates containing urethane groups |
CN103140530A (zh) * | 2010-07-30 | 2013-06-05 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 包含氨基甲酸酯基的高官能度多异氰酸酯 |
WO2013111353A1 (ja) | 2012-01-25 | 2013-08-01 | 旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社 | 分離方法 |
FR3003255B1 (fr) * | 2013-03-14 | 2015-10-02 | Vencorex France | Allophanate polyacrylate |
WO2018210592A1 (de) | 2017-05-17 | 2018-11-22 | Basf Se | Polyisocyanat (p) und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
EP3505549A1 (de) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-03 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Silanmodifizierte polyharnstoffverbindungen auf basis isocyanurat- und allophanatgruppen aufweisender polyisocyanate |
CN111286255A (zh) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-06-16 | 湖南伟邦汽车涂料有限公司 | 酮亚胺改性环氧柔性乳液及其制备方法 |
CN112062935B (zh) * | 2020-09-04 | 2022-02-11 | 广东也乐新材料制造有限公司 | 一种净味水分散聚异氰酸酯的制备方法及其应用 |
EP4367152A1 (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2024-05-15 | Basf Se | Polyisocyanate-containing formulations |
CN116003727B (zh) * | 2022-12-12 | 2024-06-14 | 大连理工大学 | 高性能单组分水性聚氨酯及其乳液或分散体、涂层的制备方法及应用 |
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US8338530B2 (en) | 2012-12-25 |
JP2011506283A (ja) | 2011-03-03 |
CN101888994A (zh) | 2010-11-17 |
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US20100273938A1 (en) | 2010-10-28 |
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