CN101884284A - Method for intercropping rhizoma bletillae and aplotaxis auriculata - Google Patents

Method for intercropping rhizoma bletillae and aplotaxis auriculata Download PDF

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CN101884284A
CN101884284A CN 201010218571 CN201010218571A CN101884284A CN 101884284 A CN101884284 A CN 101884284A CN 201010218571 CN201010218571 CN 201010218571 CN 201010218571 A CN201010218571 A CN 201010218571A CN 101884284 A CN101884284 A CN 101884284A
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aplotaxis auriculata
bletilla
plantation
compartment
planting
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CN101884284B (en
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徐中志
黄春球
陈翠
宋天顺
杨少华
和寿星
谭敬菊
杨丽云
康平德
李明静
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Yunnan Phytopharmaceutical Co ltd
INSTITUTE OF ALPINE ECONOMIC PLANT IN YUNNAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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Yunnan Phytopharmaceutical Co ltd
INSTITUTE OF ALPINE ECONOMIC PLANT IN YUNNAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for intercropping rhizoma bletillae and aplotaxis auriculata, belonging to the technical field of Chinese medicinal crop cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: fertilizing 30000-45000kg/hm<2> of well-rotted farmyard manure and 225-450kg/hm<2> of compound fertilizer during soil preparation; making ridges along the south-north direction; planting aplotaxis auriculata seeds and rhizoma bletillae corms between March and April every year at the same time, planting the rhizoma bletillae corms on the ridge surface with the width of 30-50cm along the east-west direction, and then planting the aplotaxis auriculata on the rest ridge surfaces, wherein the spacing in the rows of the rhizoma bletillae corms is 8-10cm*10-15cm, and the seed dosage is 500-600kg/hm<2>; bunch planting the aplotaxis auriculata in a triangular form, wherein the hill spacing is 10-20cm*20-30cm, and the seeding rate is 12-15kg/hm<2>; and topdressing for four times in the first and second years of planting. Compared with the only plantation of the aplotaxis auriculata, the invention can increase the income to ** yuan/hm<2> with the increment rate of 34%; and compared with the only plantation of the rhizoma bletillae, the invention can increase the income to ** yuan/hm<2> with the increment rate of 46%.

Description

The method of planting between a kind of bletilla and Aplotaxis auriculata
Technical field
The present invention relates to traditional Chinese medicine culture technique field, be specifically related to the method for planting between a kind of bletilla and Aplotaxis auriculata.
Background technology
Bletilla (Bletilla striata) belongs to the perennial herb medicinal plant for the orchid family bletilla, be the important medicinal material kind in China's " pharmacopeia ", have astringing to arrest bleeding, moisten the lung and relieve the cough, the detumescence and promoting granulation function, cure mainly pulmonary tuberculosis, hemoptysis is spitted blood, traumatism and bleeding, sore swollen toxin etc.Simultaneously, also be one of the extraordinary natural plant gum source of China's economically valuable.Be born in the hillside, the wasteland reaches dark and damp place under the sparse woods in the weeds clump.Main product Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, annual requirement is big, and the market price is stable.
Aplotaxis auriculata (Aucklandia lappa Decne.) is a composite family Aplotaxis auriculata platymiscium, is to go through the kind that edition Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China records.Aplotaxis auriculata has promoting qi circulation and relieving pain, warming middle-JIAO for easing the stomach, spasmolysis step-down and antibacterial action for fragrance is good for the stomach, the conventional Chinese medicine of promoting qi circulation and relieving pain, and applicating history is long, is one of numerous Chinese patent medicine formula primary raw material medicinal materials.Originate in India, the back is introduced Yunnan Province of China and is cultivated successfully.All there is cultivation in China Guangxi, Sichuan.Because of Aplotaxis auriculata cultivation in poor mountain area, be local important income source because the price height, peasant's plantation enthusiasm is very strong, cultivated area constantly enlarges, main product in Yunnan, ground such as Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Gansu.
At present, ground such as Yunnan Province of China, Sichuan carry out large-area artificial planting and industrialization development to medicinal materials such as bletilla, Aplotaxis auriculata, but all are limited to single cropping.Because the Aplotaxis auriculata plant is tall and big, often growth of weeds between the cultivation seeding row spacing, not only manage and protect and bring too much weeding cost for the field, the soil also is not fully utilized, productivity effect can not get efficient performance, and traditional single cropping mode, its benefit is subjected to the influence fluctuation of the market price bigger, and bletilla value is higher, and be shady living plant, can shade vegetative period by Aplotaxis auriculata, for this reason, the inventor is according to the biological property of two plant species, research and propose the cover of planting between bletilla and Aplotaxis auriculata reasonably between the kind method.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome in the prior art bletilla crop production cost that manually shelters from heat or light to increase and the tall and big Aplotaxis auriculata artificial weeding of plant is caused the big defective of production cost, the method of planting between a kind of bletilla and Aplotaxis auriculata is provided, and the rational intercropping mode of this method has reached the purpose that addresses the aforementioned drawbacks and increase crop yield and income.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
1, wholely
Base fertilizer during whole ground is to apply well-rotted farmyard manure 30000~45000kg/hm 2With calculate with mass fraction contain N 〉=15%, P 2O 5〉=15% and K 2Composite fertilizer 225~the 450kg/hm of O 〉=15% 2
2, reason railway carriage or compartment
North and South direction is opened the railway carriage or compartment, the wide 100~120cm in railway carriage or compartment, the high 20~25cm in railway carriage or compartment.Furrow width 20~30cm;
3, inter-planting
Aplotaxis auriculata seed and bletilla bulb were planted simultaneously the 3~April in every year, from railway carriage or compartment face face edge, railway carriage or compartment in the east to the west to wide face soil, the railway carriage or compartment plantation bletilla bulb of 30~50cm, plant Aplotaxis auriculata on all the other face soils, railway carriage or compartment; The seeding row spacing of bletilla bulb is 8~10cm * 10~15cm, the trench digging plantation, and ditch depth 5~8cm, earthing 2~4cm behind the placement bletilla bulb, bletilla bulb sowing quantity is 500~600kg/hm 2(area of bletilla bulb sowing quantity calculates with the area of having planted kind ground between two kinds of crops of Aplotaxis auriculata and bletilla); Adopt triangular form bunch planting kind on the soil of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata, the cave is apart from being 10~20cm * 20~30cm, and the seeding quantity of Aplotaxis auriculata is 12~15kg/hm 2(area of the seeding quantity of Aplotaxis auriculata calculates with the area of having planted kind ground between two kinds of crops of Aplotaxis auriculata and bletilla);
4, topdress
For the first time dressing time plantation Aplotaxis auriculata seed and bletilla bulb the 1st year 5~June, seedling was neat the time, apply the urea 225~450kg/hm that contains N 〉=45% that calculates with mass fraction 2For the second time dressing time is in the 8~September in the 1st year of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata seed and bletilla bulb, applies with what mass fraction calculated to contain N 〉=15%, P 2O 5〉=15%, K 2Composite fertilizer 300~the 600kg/hm of O 〉=15% 2Fertilization time covers well-rotted farmyard manure 15000~30000kg/hm in the 11~December in the 1st year of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata seed and bletilla bulb at the railway carriage or compartment face for the third time 2The 4th fertilization time be in the 6~July in the 2nd year of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata seed and bletilla bulb, applies with what mass fraction calculated to contain N 〉=15%, P 2O 5〉=15%, K 2Composite fertilizer 300~the 600kg/hm of O 〉=15% 2(area of fertilising consumption calculates with the area of having planted kind ground between two kinds of crops of Aplotaxis auriculata and bletilla);
5 field management
Plantation the 2nd year of Aplotaxis auriculata to the railway carriage or compartment face ridging of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata 2~3 times;
6, gather
Excavate Aplotaxis auriculata and bletilla the 11~December in the 2nd year of planting between Aplotaxis auriculata and bletilla simultaneously.
In the technique scheme, can also be covered with mulch film again behind earthing 2~4cm behind the described placement bletilla bulb in step 3 inter-planting, the described employing on the soil of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata in the triangular form bunch planting kind can also be covered with mulch film earlier on the soil of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata, adopt artificial rupture of membrane again, triangular form bunch planting kind; And in step 5 field management, timely rupture of membranes after bletilla is emerged; When executing well-rotted farmyard manure, combination removes all mulch films in the 11~December in the 1st year of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata seed and bletilla bulb.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, to have made full use of bletilla and bletilla different with Aplotaxis auriculata two plant species height be the biological property of shade plant to the inventive method, reasonable disposition cultivation mode and the effective cultivation step of a cover system, fully satisfy the required illumination of two plant species, humidity and ventilation condition, reduce sheltering from heat or light in the cultivation, weeding cost, increased substantially the income of unit are.Promoted efficient construction in traditional Chinese medicine raw material production base.Behind the intercropping plant 2 years, on average increase by 23520 yuan/hm of net income than single Aplotaxis auriculata of planting 2, improve income 34%, on average increase by 29220 yuan/hm of net income than single bletilla of planting 2, improve income 46%.
2, the present invention has improved the ability to ward off risks of production base producing two kinds of medicinal material kinds that the market demand is different with plot.
Embodiment
Below further specify the present invention by specific embodiment, but embodiment only be used for the explanation, can not limit the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1: one of embodiment of the inventive method
Carry out according to the following steps
1 whole ground
Before the plantation used soil is carried out 2~3 times and plough and rake, base fertilizer applies well-rotted farmyard manure 37500kg/hm 2With calculate with mass fraction its contain N 〉=15%, P 2O 5〉=15%, K 2The composite fertilizer 300kg/hm of O 〉=15% 2, plough deeply in conjunction with spread fertilizer over the fields wholely;
2 reason railway carriage or compartments
North and South direction is opened the railway carriage or compartment, the wide 110cm in railway carriage or compartment, the high 20cm in railway carriage or compartment.Furrow width 25cm;
3 inter-plantings
Aplotaxis auriculata seed and bletilla bulb were planted simultaneously the March in every year, from railway carriage or compartment face face edge, railway carriage or compartment in the east to the west to wide face soil, the railway carriage or compartment plantation bletilla bulb of 40cm, from face edge, railway carriage or compartment to the east in face west, railway carriage or compartment to the wide face soil, railway carriage or compartment of 70cm on (promptly removing on all the other face soils, railway carriage or compartment of plantation bletilla bulb) plantation Aplotaxis auriculata; Seeding row spacing 8cm * the 15cm of bletilla bulb, the trench digging plantation, ditch depth 5~6cm, earthing 2~3cm behind the placement bletilla bulb is covered with mulch film, and bletilla bulb sowing quantity is 550kg/hm 2, the area of bletilla bulb sowing quantity calculates with the area of having planted kind ground between two kinds of crops of Aplotaxis auriculata and bletilla; On the wide face soil, railway carriage or compartment of the 70cm of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata, be covered with mulch film earlier, adopt artificial rupture of membrane, the staggered plantation of triangular form bunch planting, the cave is apart from 20cm * 30cm, and 3~4 seeds are put in every cave, and the seeding quantity of Aplotaxis auriculata is 13.5kg/hm 2, the area of the seeding quantity of Aplotaxis auriculata calculates with the area of having planted kind ground between two kinds of crops of Aplotaxis auriculata and bletilla;
4, topdress
For the first time dressing time plantation Aplotaxis auriculata seed and bletilla bulb in May, the 1st, seedling was neat the time, apply the urea 300kg/hm that contains N 〉=45% that calculates with mass fraction 2For the second time dressing time is in August, the 1st of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata seed and bletilla bulb, applies with what mass fraction calculated to contain N 〉=15%, P 2O 5〉=15% and K 2The composite fertilizer 450kg/hm of O 〉=15% 2Fertilization time covers well-rotted farmyard manure 22500kg/hm in November, the 1st of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata seed and bletilla bulb at the railway carriage or compartment face for the third time 2The 4th fertilization time be in June, the 2nd of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata seed and bletilla bulb, applies by what mass fraction calculated to contain N 〉=15%, P 2O 5〉=15% and K 2The composite fertilizer 450kg/hm of O 〉=15% 2, the area of fertilising consumption all calculates with the area of having planted kind ground between two kinds of crops of Aplotaxis auriculata and bletilla;
5, field management
Timely rupture of membranes after bletilla is emerged; Remove all mulch films in conjunction with executing farmyard manure in the November, the 1st at plantation Aplotaxis auriculata seed and bletilla bulb.Rainy season timely drainage waterlogging prevention, timely weeding in vegetative period, plantation the 2nd year of Aplotaxis auriculata to the railway carriage or compartment face ridging of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata 2~3 times.
6, gather
Excavate Aplotaxis auriculata and bletilla the December in the 2nd year of planting between Aplotaxis auriculata and bletilla simultaneously, excavating preceding 10 days, cuts off Aplotaxis auriculata plant overground part cauline leaf earlier, and the mark of the cane that stays 5cm when gathering then, is chosen in fine day and excavates.When excavating, dig in proper order, Aplotaxis auriculata and bletilla are all dug out from root, be placed on the railway carriage or compartment face, shrug off earth, be respectively charged into bamboo square-bottomed bamboo basket or gunnysack and transport the processing place back from the end in railway carriage or compartment.
7, effect: see Table 2.
Embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 also are embodiments of the invention, and except that the listed technical measures difference of table 1, all the other methods of operating are all identical with embodiment 1, repeat no more.Difference sees Table 1.
Embodiment 4 contrasts 1
This check experiment is done three processing, except that three processing are all adopted the bletilla bulb to carry out single cropping and are that 50% sunshade net carries out the sunshade in bletilla vegetative period with the sunshade rate, all the other plantation measures of three processing respectively with embodiment 1, embodiment 2, the plantation measure of bletilla is identical among the embodiment 3.
Embodiment 5 contrasts 2
This check experiment is done three processing, all adopt the Aplotaxis auriculata seed except that three processing and carry out the single cropping, all the other plantation measures of three processing respectively with embodiment 1, embodiment 2, the plantation measure of Aplotaxis auriculata is identical among the embodiment 3.
The output and the benefit of the various embodiments described above see Table 2.
The different measure contrast of table 1 embodiments of the invention 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3
Figure BSA00000172197000071
Urea described in the table 1 is the urea that contains N 〉=45% that calculates with mass fraction; Described composite fertilizer contains N 〉=15%, P with what mass fraction calculated 2O 5〉=15%, K 2The composite fertilizer of O 〉=15%.
The effect of table 2 the present invention and contrast relatively
Figure BSA00000172197000081
Remarks:
1, Aplotaxis auriculata dry product price is with 7 yuan every kilogram calculating of existing market valency (lotus pond medicinal material market, Chengdu in February, 2010 price 8-8.5 unit/kilogram) in the table 2, and bletilla dry product price is with every kilogram of 80 yuan of calculating of existing market valency.
2, the area of the output of the Aplotaxis auriculata of embodiment 1-embodiment 3, bletilla all is to calculate with an area on kind ground in the table 2.

Claims (2)

1. the method for planting between bletilla and Aplotaxis auriculata may further comprise the steps:
(1) wholely
Base fertilizer during whole ground is to apply well-rotted farmyard manure 30000~45000kg/hm 2With contain N 〉=15%, P in mass fraction 2O 5〉=15% and K 2Composite fertilizer 225~the 450kg/hm of O 〉=15% 2
(2) reason railway carriage or compartment
North and South direction is opened the railway carriage or compartment, the wide 100~120cm in railway carriage or compartment, the high 20~25cm in railway carriage or compartment.Furrow width 20~30cm;
(3) inter-planting
Aplotaxis auriculata seed and bletilla bulb were planted simultaneously the 3~April in every year, from railway carriage or compartment face face edge, railway carriage or compartment in the east to the west to wide face soil, the railway carriage or compartment plantation bletilla bulb of 30~50cm, plant Aplotaxis auriculata on all the other face soils, railway carriage or compartment; The seeding row spacing of bletilla bulb is 8~10cm * 10~15cm, the trench digging plantation, and ditch depth 5~8cm, earthing 2~4cm behind the placement bletilla bulb, bletilla bulb sowing quantity is 500~600kg/hm 2Adopt triangular form bunch planting kind on the soil of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata, the cave is apart from being 10~20cm * 20~30cm, and the seeding quantity of Aplotaxis auriculata is 12~15kg/hm 2
(4) topdress
For the first time dressing time plantation Aplotaxis auriculata seed and bletilla bulb the 1st year 5~June, seedling was neat the time, apply the urea 225~450kg/hm that contains N 〉=45% in mass fraction 2For the second time dressing time is in the 8~September in the 1st year of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata seed and bletilla bulb, applies to contain N 〉=15%, P in mass fraction 2O 5〉=15%, K 2Composite fertilizer 300~the 600kg/hm of O 〉=15% 2Fertilization time covers well-rotted farmyard manure 15000~30000kg/hm in the 11~December in the 1st year of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata seed and bletilla bulb at the railway carriage or compartment face for the third time 2The 4th fertilization time be in the 6~July in the 2nd year of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata seed and bletilla bulb, applies to contain N 〉=15%, P in mass fraction 2O 5〉=15%, K 2Composite fertilizer 300~the 600kg/hm of O 〉=15% 2
(5) field management
Plantation the 2nd year of Aplotaxis auriculata to the railway carriage or compartment face ridging of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata 2~3 times;
(6) gather
Excavate Aplotaxis auriculata and bletilla the 11~December in the 2nd year of planting between Aplotaxis auriculata and bletilla simultaneously.
2. the method for planting between bletilla according to claim 1 and Aplotaxis auriculata, it is characterized in that: in step 3 inter-planting, be covered with mulch film again behind earthing 2~4cm behind the described placement bletilla bulb, on the soil of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata, be covered with mulch film earlier, adopt artificial rupture of membrane again, triangular form bunch planting kind; And in step 5 field management, timely rupture of membranes after bletilla is emerged; When executing well-rotted farmyard manure, combination removes all mulch films in the 11~December in the 1st year of plantation Aplotaxis auriculata seed and bletilla bulb.
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102763530A (en) * 2011-05-04 2012-11-07 建始县颐泰生物科技有限公司 Soil-accumulating and grass-covering artificial planting method of rhizoma bletillae
CN103039261A (en) * 2013-01-25 2013-04-17 昭通市金通药业有限公司 Composite cultivating method of mangnolia officinalis
CN103181288A (en) * 2013-03-31 2013-07-03 昭通市恩安药业有限公司 Compound cultivation method of pinellia ternata
CN104255226A (en) * 2014-08-30 2015-01-07 宁蒗万嘉生物开发有限公司 Manual intercropping method of Bletilla striata and radishes
CN105359783A (en) * 2015-11-09 2016-03-02 宣汉县龙森中药材种植有限公司 Method for three-method continuous cropping cultivation of Saussurea costus
CN105723997A (en) * 2014-12-11 2016-07-06 广西大学 Aucklandia lappa decne. planting method
CN106105666A (en) * 2016-06-29 2016-11-16 贵州省蕙安农业科技发展有限公司 A kind of Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) and Ramulus Uncariae Cum Uncis interplanting method
CN106211980A (en) * 2016-07-25 2016-12-14 贵州省蕙安农业科技发展有限公司 A kind of cultural method improving Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) yield

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102763530A (en) * 2011-05-04 2012-11-07 建始县颐泰生物科技有限公司 Soil-accumulating and grass-covering artificial planting method of rhizoma bletillae
CN102763530B (en) * 2011-05-04 2015-03-11 建始县颐泰生物科技有限公司 Soil-accumulating and grass-covering artificial planting method of rhizoma bletillae
CN103039261A (en) * 2013-01-25 2013-04-17 昭通市金通药业有限公司 Composite cultivating method of mangnolia officinalis
CN103181288A (en) * 2013-03-31 2013-07-03 昭通市恩安药业有限公司 Compound cultivation method of pinellia ternata
CN104255226A (en) * 2014-08-30 2015-01-07 宁蒗万嘉生物开发有限公司 Manual intercropping method of Bletilla striata and radishes
CN105723997A (en) * 2014-12-11 2016-07-06 广西大学 Aucklandia lappa decne. planting method
CN105359783A (en) * 2015-11-09 2016-03-02 宣汉县龙森中药材种植有限公司 Method for three-method continuous cropping cultivation of Saussurea costus
CN105359783B (en) * 2015-11-09 2018-10-02 宣汉县龙森中药材种植有限公司 Three method sequential cropping cultivation method of Aplotaxis auriculata
CN106105666A (en) * 2016-06-29 2016-11-16 贵州省蕙安农业科技发展有限公司 A kind of Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) and Ramulus Uncariae Cum Uncis interplanting method
CN106211980A (en) * 2016-07-25 2016-12-14 贵州省蕙安农业科技发展有限公司 A kind of cultural method improving Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae) yield

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