CN101870734B - 一种抑制新生血管生成的融合多肽及其编码基因与应用 - Google Patents
一种抑制新生血管生成的融合多肽及其编码基因与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抑制新生血管生成的融合多肽及其编码基因与应用,该融合多肽是靶向性抑制金属基质蛋白酶的活性十肽、恩度的前25肽和人纤溶酶原的kringle 5结构域组成的三靶点多肽。细胞试验表明,该融合多肽可以有效的抑制内皮细胞的增殖、迁移,进而抑制新生血管的生成,从而可应用于制备治疗由新生血管增生异常产生的疾病的药物,并可用于肿瘤治疗。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种血管新生的抑制肽(蛋白),该多肽的编码基因,以及该多肽在治疗新生血管增生异常的疾病中的应用。
背景技术
一般血管生成(angiogenesis)分为病理的与正常的。正常的如胚胎发育期间除主动脉、主静脉以外的器官发育都涉及到血管形成,以维持形成器官的各类细胞的养分、氧气的供给,使之不因为养料不足或氧气不足而发生坏死。这样的情况还见诸于怀孕(pregnancy)、伤口愈合等。
另一类angiogenesis指的是病理的,比如动脉粥样硬化、实体肿瘤等。实体肿瘤从某种意义上也可以认为是一种器官发育,只是这种“器官发育”是有害的,失去控制的,无法逆转的。实体肿瘤在早期并不形成血管,在细胞发生癌变时,往往只有极少数可以顽强的存活下来,而大部分癌细胞早期都已被免疫系统或者因为自身的不稳定性以及代谢方面的障碍而很快被消灭或坏死。但癌细胞一旦存活下来,为了适应机体复杂的环境,需要对自身基因组进行调整。如癌细胞表面的凋亡受体缺失时,癌细胞将变得对营养条件不敏感,因其生长因子受体等已经可以自我激活,可以适应对苛刻条件的耐受等。这么一个过程在临床上被认为是潜伏期(dormancy),甚至无法通过临床的手段进行监测。而癌细胞一旦经过这个过程,将变得无法抑制,表现为癌细胞群体的几何级数增长。肿瘤生长到1cm3时(这时大概有1012个癌细胞),如果没有血管来供给养分与氧气,癌细胞最终会走向坏死。但大部分癌细胞都能突破这个极限!也就在这个数目(约1012个癌细胞)下,癌细胞群体开始分泌生长因子与各类蛋白酶,为血管的形成准备充分条件。
血管的主要成分中,单纯的血管腔主要是基质组成的复杂结构,起支架作用;在血管腔外部附着的细胞叫外皮细胞(mural cells),而贴在内侧的叫内皮细胞(endothelial cells)。
血管的各个成分来源于骨髓里的干细胞,内皮细胞与外皮细胞都由同样的祖先分化而来(coomon precursors),血管内皮生长因子VEGF主要使祖先细胞分化为内皮细胞,而血小板衍生生长因子PDGF则使祖先细胞分化为外皮细胞。内皮细胞还分为动脉内皮细胞与静脉内皮细胞,这种命运的决定是由Notch信号通路决定的。
形成血管还需要其他的辅助细胞,比如巨噬细胞、T细胞、单核细胞、树突状细胞、中心粒细胞、肥大细胞等免疫细胞,通过这些免疫细胞的参与来检测或抗衡生长因子的作用以及进行免疫监视,使得不正常的发育受到即时调控。但肿瘤组织作为失去平衡的一种器官发育,免疫细胞已经被肿瘤细胞分泌的各种因子教育过,而转而为肿瘤细胞服务了,不但表现为抗肿瘤免疫能力降低,反而还分泌很多金属基质蛋白酶来使肿瘤细胞周围的组织发生降解,为肿瘤的迁移做打扫道路的作用。同时,由于肿瘤细胞生长迅速,各方面调节来不及有效平衡,使得肿瘤组织的血管常常是没有足够多的外皮细胞来限制血管腔,血管腔通透性很差,经常发生出血。这种出血现象如果严重的话,常会在大小便中显示,表明已到癌的晚期,再施救已经来不及了。
肿瘤血管的形成中,内皮细胞扮演了很重要的角色。癌细胞会分泌VEGF、成纤维细胞生长因子FGF等生长因子,使得骨髓中内皮祖细胞分化为内皮细胞,而内皮细胞由于表面的各种黏附分子,常常可以一个一个黏附在一起,并可以牢牢的黏附在血管腔上。同时肿瘤组织里的巨噬细胞分泌各种蛋白酶,主要是金属基质蛋白酶(MMP),使血管腔发生渗漏,为毛细血管的形成准备条件。毛细血管只有在现有血管的基础上才能形成。
鉴于大约一半的肿瘤都是实体肿瘤且都能形成血管,并且临床也显示抗血管增生类药物可以显著提高患者的生命时间或改善生活质量。抗肿瘤血管治疗因此而具有非常深刻而广泛的意义。因此,靶向性作用肿瘤血管的内皮细胞为肿瘤治疗提供了新的思路,具有看好的临床前景。
自Folkman提出抑制肿瘤血管可以治疗肿瘤的假说以来(N Engl J Med,1971,285:1182-1186.),许多具有抗血管生成作用的物质相继被发现,其中尤以内源性血管生成因子备受人们的重视。
Angiostatin(AS,血管生长抑素)是纤溶酶原的一个蛋白片段,分子量38kD,是一个较强的血管生成和内皮细胞迁移、增殖抑制剂(Cell,1994,79:315-328)。人纤溶酶原含有5个kringles结构,Angiostatin包括纤溶酶原(本身含有5个kringles结构)的第1~4kringles结构,这4个kringles结构具有很高的同源性,而纤溶酶原的第5个kringle结构与前4个kringles的结构并无同源性,kringle5抑制bFGF刺激的血管内皮细胞生长的活性大于Angiostatin,可作为一个新颖的内皮细胞生长抑制剂,同时也可作为内皮细胞迁移的选择性抑制剂(J Bio Chem,1996,271:29461-29467)。Angiostatin的抑制血管生成活性主要通过kringles1~3来完成,在kringles1~3片段中kringle 1、3的活性大于kringle 2的活性。系统地运用Angiostatin能阻断裸鼠移植瘤的血管生成和肿瘤转移。研究表明不同类型的肿瘤以 相同的或完全不同的方法产生Angiostatin,一种类型肿瘤也可有多种机制产生AS。Lewis肺癌细胞依赖巨噬细胞产生的基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)产生Angiostatin。实验证明巨噬细胞MMP(或MMP12)是最有效的产生Angiostatin的MMP。研究表明,肿瘤细胞能直接产生Angiostatin或与肿瘤相关的巨噬细胞协同产生Angiostatin。机体在缺乏实体瘤的情况下也可产生Angiostatin。Angiostatin的抗血管生成活性可能具有种属特异性。用人AS治疗鼠血管瘤,发现AS也明显抑制了原发的非转移瘤的生长,这种抑制作用是通过诱发肿瘤细胞的凋亡而实现,对肿瘤细胞的增生并无抑制,AS通过多种形式诱导内皮细胞的凋亡。
Endostatin(恩度,内皮生长抑素)分子量约为18kD,由184个氨基酸残基构成。作为胶原蛋白18的球形羧基末端的一部分,Endostatin有着广泛的组织分布,其中肝细胞也是其来源之一。Endostatin最主要的生物学功能是抑制内皮细胞的生长、移动及生血管作用。Endostatin作为内源性的抗血管生成活性物质,可以抑制Lewis肺癌细胞、T241纤维肉瘤细胞及EOMA细胞在肿瘤移植动物体内的生长。其对实体肿瘤的抑制作用机理较复杂,已知Zn2+在Th1细胞的影响下可以激活内源性Endostatin抑制肿瘤的生长,并可明显抑制VEGF诱导的内皮细胞的生长和移动,对VEGF诱导的细胞移动产生多步骤的抑制。PhanabalM等报道Endostatin可使内皮细胞停留在细胞生长周期的G1期,并可引起人HUVEC及人HMVEC细胞的凋亡,对非内皮细胞无此作用(J Bio Chem.1999,274:11721-11726)。Endostatin可引起牛肺动脉内皮细胞凋亡并导致bcl-2基因及Bcl2-xl抗凋亡蛋白表达水平的明显下降但对Bax蛋白无显著影响,提示Endostatin可通过诱使内皮细胞发生凋亡来抑制新生血管生长。Endostatin可能通过结合参与细胞生长因子信号转导的细胞外生长因子受体而抑制细胞生长因子信号内传,从而抑制肿瘤细胞生长与移动,而发挥强效的抗肿瘤血管生成作用。
早年,通过筛选研究者发现一个人工十肽在抑制基质金属蛋白酶方面有效,并在小鼠肿瘤模型中显示出治疗效果。
基于国内外大量关于抗肿瘤血管形成和癌细胞迁移的理论与应用研究的基础上,我们曾设计和研制出既能抑制内皮细胞增殖,又能有效抑制内皮细胞迁移的双靶点抗肿瘤多肽(参见中国专利ZL 200410006549.8)。在此基础上,本发明设计出更强效的三靶点抗肿瘤多肽。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种人工合成的融合多肽(蛋白)及其编码基因,该融合多肽具 有抑制新生血管生成的作用,进一步的,利用该融合多肽来治疗新生血管增生异常的疾病,如类风湿,二型糖尿病引发的视网膜充血,以及肿瘤等。
在本发明的第一方面,本发明所提供的抑制新生血管生成的多肽,命名为MEK,是具有序列表中SEQ ID No.2所示氨基酸序列的多肽。
SEQ ID No.2所示氨基酸序列多肽由125个氨基酸残基组成。本领域的技术人员应当理解,将SEQ ID No.2的氨基酸序列经过一个或几个氨基酸残基的取代、缺失或添加而衍生的多肽,在不涉及关键位点的情况下,可具有与SEQ ID No.2所示氨基酸序列的多肽相同或相近的活性。因此,本发明的抑制新生血管生成的多肽也包括此类衍生多肽,而不局限于SEQ ID No.2所示氨基酸序列的多肽。
本发明的抑制新生血管生成的多肽MEK是一个三靶点多肽,具有如下排列:
十肽-endo的前25肽-kringle 5
其中:十肽,是靶向性抑制金属基质蛋白酶(MMP2/MMP9)的活性肽;endo的前25肽,是来源于恩度(endostatin)基因编码的蛋白序列的前25个氨基酸残基,此25个氨基酸残基具有全长恩度的功效;kringle 5(简称k5)是来源于人纤溶酶原的第五个结构域,是人纤溶酶原最具活力的结构域。
在本发明的第二方面,本发明还提供了上述多肽的编码基因,可以是序列表中SEQ ID No.2所示的多核苷酸,也可以是其他的编码相同多肽的多核苷酸。
序列表中SEQ ID No.1所示的多核苷酸由375个碱基组成,编码SEQ ID No.2所示的融合多肽。
含有本发明多肽的编码基因的表达载体及细胞系均属于本发明的保护范围。
本发明的多肽MEK是将三个高活性的特异性作用内皮细胞的分子用基因工程手段整合在一起,细胞实验证明,相比于我们较早得到的双靶点基因工程重组蛋白RK5,,该多肽可以更有效的抑制内皮细胞的增殖、迁移,进而抑制新生血管的生成。因此,MEK可应用于制备治疗由新生血管增生异常产生的疾病的药物,如用于治疗类风湿、二型糖尿病引发的视网膜充血、肿瘤等。在肿瘤治疗中,可以更有效的抑制肿瘤的生长和转移,为肿瘤治疗增加了更高效的新药。
附图说明
图1是实施例1提纯的MEK融合多肽的电泳图谱。
图2是实施例2中MEK对细胞增殖抑制试验的结果。
图3是实施例3中MEK对细胞迁移抑制试验的结果。
图4是实施例4中在光学显微镜下观察到的未长微细血管的内皮细胞形态,其中A是未经染色的图像,B是结晶紫染色后的图像。
图5是实施例4中对生长出的毛细血管用不同蛋白(RK5和MEK)处理前后的对照图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例进一步详细描述本发明,但不以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
实施例1、融合多肽MEK的表达
1、融和多肽(蛋白)的设计
将一个抑制金属基质蛋白酶(MMP2或MMP9)十肽,endostatin的前25肽以及人纤溶酶原的k5序列,按照顺序十肽-25肽-K5连在一起,形成了MEK的融合序列,如序列表中SEQ ID No.2所示,其中:最前端的10个氨基酸残基(CTTHWGFTLC)组成的是抑制金属基质蛋白酶MMP2/9的活性小肽;接下来的25个氨基酸残基组成的是endostatin的前25肽;随后的9个氨基酸残基(ERETPSEED)是连接肽序列;最后的81个氨基酸残基组成的是人纤溶酶原的k5结构域。
2、融合多肽表达载体的构建
设计下述引物:
引物1:5’-CTCGAGAAAAGATGTACAACTCACTGGGGTTTCACACTTTGCCACAGC CACCGCGACTTC-3’(下划线部分是XhoI的酶切位点);
引物2:5’-TTCGGAAGGAGTCTCTCTTTCGCCCCGCATGCCGCCTGACAG-3’;
引物3:5’-CTGTCAGGCGGCATGCGGGGCGAAAGAGAGACTCCTTCCGAA-3’;
引物4:5’-GAATTCTCAGGCACACTGAGGGACATC-3’(下划线部分是EcoRI的酶切位点)。
以引物1为上游引物,引物2为下游引物,人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)(北大医院肿瘤研究所赠与)的cDNA为模板PCR得到十肽-25肽融合片段的基因序列。以引物3为上游引物,引物4为下游引物,质粒pPIC9K-RK5(本实验室构建并保存,构建过程参见中国专利ZL200410006549.8说明书实施例1部分)为模板PCR得到连接肽和k5结构域融合片段的基因序列。将两个PCR的产物混合在一起作为模板,以引物1为上游引物,引物4为下游引物再次PCR获得编码全长三靶点融合多肽的DNA片段,将该DNA片段连入T载体(购自北京Genestar公司)并转化细胞进行扩增,然后提取质粒用XhoI和EcoRI双酶切将 编码三靶点融合多肽的核酸片段切下,与同样用XhoI和EcoRI酶切的高效表达质粒pPIC9K(购自美国Invitrogen公司)进行连接,得到重组质粒pPIC9K-MEK。
通过上述基因工程方法将编码十肽-25肽-k5核苷酸序列融合在一起,形成的融合核苷酸序列如序列表中SEQ ID No.1所示。所得到的重组质粒pPIC9K-MEK通过基因测序鉴定,确定其序列的正确性。
3、融合多肽的生产
将重组质粒pPIC9K-MEK转染酵母细胞GS115(毕赤酵母菌,购自Invitrogen公司)。转染后筛选能稳定表达融合蛋白MEK的克隆株。将这样的菌株收藏保存作为MEK的生产菌株。
将筛选得到的转化子分别接种于200mL BMGY(甘油培养基)液体培养基中,30℃振荡培养至OD600为2.0以上。无菌状态下收集菌液,6000r/min离心6min,去上清,用60mLBMMY(甲醇培养基)酵母培养基重悬细胞,30℃,振荡培养4天,每天在培养液中加入终浓度为1%的甲醇诱导表达。
发酵液5000g离心收集上清,加入硫酸氨至终浓度为85%进行硫酸氨沉淀,10000g离心收集沉淀。沉淀物重悬于50ml 0.05M PBS(pH 7.4,含1.7M硫酸氨),上疏水柱Phenyl Sepharose 6 Fast Flow(15×60mm),用0.05M PBS(pH 7.4)洗脱,收集。洗脱液在0.05M PBS(pH 8)中透析,然后上离子交换柱DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow column。用0.05M PBS(pH 8,with 1M NaCl)洗脱,收集,15%SDS-PAGE鉴定,考马斯亮蓝染色。鉴定结果如图1所示,其中最左侧的泳道是分子量标记物,每个泳道的蛋白染色代表相应收集管中蛋白的纯度。
实施例2、MEK对细胞增殖抑制的试验
HUVEC是一种血管内皮细胞,该细胞是公认的用于抑制血管生成的研究材料。本试验使用的材料:内皮细胞株(HUVEC)为新生儿脐带分离,10代以内,北大医院肿瘤研究所赠与;MTT购自sigma公司;细胞培养液来自GIBCO公司;小牛血清来自GIBCO公司
方法:内皮细胞HUVEC在M199,20%FBS培养基中培养。将培养好的细胞按1.2×105个均等转移至12孔细胞板中,每孔1ml培养基培养两天,加入不同浓度的k5、RK5、MEK(浓度分别为0.125μg/ml、0.25μg/ml、0.75μg/ml、1.5μg/ml),处理72小时后每孔加入50ml MTT(5μg/ml)作用4小时。然后吸干培养基加入1.6ml无水乙醇,570nm检测紫外吸收。
试验结果如图2所示。从图2可以看出在0.25μg-1.5μg浓度下,MEK具有很好的抑制内皮细胞增殖的能力。
实施例3、MEK对细胞转移抑制的试验
材料:内皮细胞株(HUVEC)为新生儿脐带分离,24孔悬挂式Transwell迁移小室购自Millipore公司,matrigel基质胶购自BD公司,结晶紫购自Merk公司,bFGF、VEGF购自sigma公司。
方法:将matrigel基质胶4℃融化后,按照1∶3(matrigel基质胶∶无血清M199)的体积比用无血清的M199稀释,上室加入50μg稀释后的基质胶。过夜凝固,上室用3%FBS的M199接种2×105个细胞,下室加入含20%FBS的M199,60ng/ml VEGF,60ng/ml bFGF,并在下室加入蛋白,迁移72小时内,用4%甲醛固定20分钟后,用去离子水溶解的0.1%结晶紫染色,充分用PBS洗涤后,进行拍照或统计。
试验结果如图3所示,表明在浓度为1μg/ml的蛋白处理下,MEK对HUVEC的迁移抑制大于RK5。
实施例4、MEK对HUVEC形成毛细血管能力影响的试验
材料:内皮细胞株(HUVEC)为新生儿脐带分离,10代内可用。bFGF购自sigma公司。
方法:将matrigel胶按照1∶2体积比用无血清M199稀释后,加入60ng/ml bFGF,铺至24孔板,2小时凝固后,将HUVEC细胞接种在铺有matrigel胶的孔里。大约2天内形成毛细血管样形状。用蛋白处理48-72小时。处理完后拍照。
结果如下:在基质(matrix)中,生长因子会促进内皮细胞产生毛细血管样的细胞形态。可以在体外模拟血管形成的状态。双靶点RK5可以微弱抑制血管形成,而三靶点MEK可以强烈抑制血管形态的生成。图4是在光学显微镜下观察到的未长微细血管的内皮细胞形态,其中A是未经染色的图像,B是结晶紫染色后的图像。图5是在生长毛细血管时用不同蛋白处理前后的对照图,其中A和C分别是用RK5蛋白处理前和1微克RK5蛋白处理72h后的图像,B和D分别是用MEK蛋白处理前和1微克MEK蛋白处理72h后的图像,可以看出MEK可以较强抑制内皮细胞迁移能力。
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110>北京大学
<120>一种抑制新生血管生成的融合多肽及其编码基因与应用
<130>JSP100154
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gatgtaggtg gtccctggtg ctacacgaca aatccaagaa aactttacga ctactgtgat 360
gtccctcagt gtgcc 375
Claims (6)
1.一种融合多肽,其氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.2所示。
2.一种融合多肽的编码基因,是编码SEQ ID No.2所示氨基酸序列的多核苷酸。
3.如权利要求2所述的编码基因,其特征在于,所述基因的碱基序列如SEQ ID No.1所示。
4.含权利要求2所述基因的表达载体。
5.含权利要求2所述基因的细胞系。
6.权利要求1所述融合多肽在制备治疗抑制新生血管异常生长引起的疾病的药物中的应用。
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