CN101868387A - 用于机动车辆的制动系统 - Google Patents

用于机动车辆的制动系统 Download PDF

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CN101868387A
CN101868387A CN200880117191A CN200880117191A CN101868387A CN 101868387 A CN101868387 A CN 101868387A CN 200880117191 A CN200880117191 A CN 200880117191A CN 200880117191 A CN200880117191 A CN 200880117191A CN 101868387 A CN101868387 A CN 101868387A
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pressure
control
brake system
hydraulic
valve
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CN101868387B (zh
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S·A·德鲁姆
L·席尔
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Continental Teves AG and Co OHG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/321Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration deceleration
    • B60T8/3255Systems in which the braking action is dependent on brake pedal data
    • B60T8/326Hydraulic systems
    • B60T8/3265Hydraulic systems with control of the booster
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/12Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid
    • B60T13/14Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid using accumulators or reservoirs fed by pumps
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/12Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid
    • B60T13/14Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid using accumulators or reservoirs fed by pumps
    • B60T13/142Systems with master cylinder
    • B60T13/147In combination with distributor valve
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/68Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves
    • B60T13/686Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves in hydraulic systems or parts thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T7/00Brake-action initiating means
    • B60T7/02Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation
    • B60T7/04Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/40Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
    • B60T8/4072Systems in which a driver input signal is used as a control signal for the additional fluid circuit which is normally used for braking
    • B60T8/4077Systems in which the booster is used as an auxiliary pressure source
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/44Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition co-operating with a power-assist booster means associated with a master cylinder for controlling the release and reapplication of brake pressure through an interaction with the power assist device, i.e. open systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/44Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition co-operating with a power-assist booster means associated with a master cylinder for controlling the release and reapplication of brake pressure through an interaction with the power assist device, i.e. open systems
    • B60T8/441Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition co-operating with a power-assist booster means associated with a master cylinder for controlling the release and reapplication of brake pressure through an interaction with the power assist device, i.e. open systems using hydraulic boosters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/48Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition connecting the brake actuator to an alternative or additional source of fluid pressure, e.g. traction control systems
    • B60T8/4809Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems
    • B60T8/4827Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems in hydraulic brake systems
    • B60T8/4845Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems in hydraulic brake systems using a booster or a master cylinder for traction control

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Braking Systems And Boosters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车辆的制动系统,其具有:能通过制动踏板(33)操纵的制动主缸(3);配属于所述制动主缸(3)的压力介质存储容器(37);液压助力器级(5,35,40),所述液压助力器级作用地连接在所述制动主缸(3)的上游并带有助力器活塞(5),所述助力器活塞被由压力源(6)提供的液压增压压力加载,所述助力器活塞在所有工作模式中都能实现由所述制动踏板(33)到所述制动主缸(3)的液压活塞(7)上的直接机械作用;以及用于计量所述增压压力的、能电驱控的压力调节阀装置(8)。为了提供结构简单、成本低、工作可靠的制动系统,本发明提出:所述压力调节阀装置(8)能附加地被纯液压驱控。

Description

用于机动车辆的制动系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车辆的制动系统,具有:能通过制动踏板操纵的制动主缸;配属于所述制动主缸的压力介质存储容器;液压助力器级,所述液压助力器级作用地连接在所述制动主缸的上游并带有助力器活塞,所述助力器活塞被由压力源提供的液压增压压力
Figure GPA00001140210700011
加载,所述助力器活塞在所有工作模式中都能实现由所述制动踏板到所述制动主缸的液压活塞上的直接机械作用;以及用于计量所述增压压力的能电驱控的压力调节阀装置。
背景技术
此类电液制动系统由已公开的德国申请DE 2725941已知。在这种公知的制动系统中,在液压助力器级的上游连接一由踏板操纵的制动助力器。使用一电驱控的两位三通阀作为用于调节液压增压压力的压力调节阀装置。在该公知的制动系统中认为不利的是:除所述的用于产生电驱控制动助力的装置以外,还必须使用气动的制动助力器以在电驱控失效的情况下产生制动助力。使用串联连接的两个制动助力器,一个为电动式而另一个为气动式。
发明内容
基于可踏板操纵的制动助力器和可电操纵的制动助力器的前述应用,本发明的目的是,实现一种仅具有一个制动助力器的制动系统,该制动助力器既能由踏板操纵又能被电操纵。
根据本发明,通过使所述压力调节阀装置能附加地被液压驱控来实现该目的。液压驱控压力对应于踏板力,从而不再需要连接在上游的、由踏板操纵的制动助力器。
为具体化本发明的发明思想提出,通过由所述制动主缸产生的压力来液压地驱控所述压力调节阀装置。
这里特别有利的是,压力调节阀装置具有两级式设计。
在本发明的一种扩展方案中,通过以下方式实现对增压压力控制单元的结构简化,压力调节阀装置包括一能电驱控的预控制级以及能双重液压驱控的主阀级。
在这种实施方式中特别有利的是,预控制级通过能模拟调节的、无流闭合的(SG-)二位二通阀和能模拟调节的、无流打开的(SO-)二位二通阀的串接结构形成,其中在所述两个阀之间的液压中间分接部(Mittenabgriff)传送用于主阀级的驱控压力之一。通过使用被多次测试的电子元件来确保高的工作可靠性。
在本发明主题的又一实施方式中,通过以下方式实现了前述增压压力控制的控制性能和动态性的显著提高:主阀级包括一三位三通阀,该三位三通阀包括阀套、能在阀套中轴向移位的阀体、第一驱控活塞和第二驱控活塞,其中第一驱控活塞界定第一液压驱控腔,第一驱控活塞和第二驱控活塞界定第二液压驱控腔,第二驱控活塞和阀体界定液压容器连接腔,阀体和阀套界定高压连接腔和工作压力连接腔。
本发明主题的一种结构特别紧凑的实施方式的突出之处在于,阀体和第二驱控活塞一体形成。
在本发明的另一种有利的扩展方案中,阀体在其背离第二驱控活塞的端侧上伸入工作压力连接腔中并被高压连接腔的压力加载。
在本发明主题的又一实施方式中通过以下方式实现前述主阀级的无故障液压驱控:第二驱控腔与预控制级的中间分接部液压连接。
对压力调节阀的液压驱控的另一种可能方案在于,使第一驱控腔与制动主缸的一压力回路液压连接。
在本发明主题的一种功能性特别可靠的变体中提出,阀体在与阀套共同作用的情况下、在一静止位置处建立在工作压力连接腔与容器连接腔之间的液压连接,该液压连接的液压流通截面当使阀体在阀套中移位时连续缩小,阀体在进一步移动一很小的“重叠行程”时使所述三个连接腔互相隔离,在更进一步移位时连续打开在高压连接腔与工作压力连接腔之间的液压连接。
在本发明主题的另一设计方案中,第一驱控活塞设计成阶梯式活塞。
为了使压力调节阀无故障地起作用特别合适的是,在阶梯式活塞的两个密封截面之间的液压环形腔与容器连接腔液压连接。
本发明的另一优点在于,能够通过隔断在制动主缸与压力调节阀之间的液压连接而使制动助力器的由踏板控制的构件不起作用。在另一设计变体中,通过以下方式确保在制动主缸与压力调节阀之间的这种隔断:在制动主缸与第一驱控腔之间的连接能借助于一能电磁操纵的、无流打开的(SO-)二位二通阀切断,其中设有一作用地与该二位二通阀并行连接的止回阀,该止回阀能够与该无流打开的(SO-)二位二通阀的切换位置无关地实现离开第一驱控腔的压力介质体积流。
对于前述的通过在制动主缸中调节出的压力对压力调节阀进行的液压驱控特别有利的是,阀体的面向工作压力连接腔的端面大于阶梯式活塞的界定第一驱控腔的面。
在本发明的另一优选实施方式中,在工作压力连接腔与压力介质存储容器之间设有液压连接部,在该液压连接部中装入一朝向压力介质存储容器关闭的止回阀。
最后,通过以下方式实现对驾驶员减速意图的可靠检测:设有用于检测在制动主缸中调节出的压力的压力传感器。
通过以下方式确保对驾驶员减速意图的冗余检测,设有用于检测所述助力器活塞的行程的位移传感器。
附图说明
下面将参照所附示意图基于一示例性实施例更详细地说明本发明,相同构件具有相同的附图标记。在附图中:
图1示出根据本发明的制动系统的一个实施例的结构,以及
图2以放大的比例示出可用于根据图1的实施例中的压力调节阀的结构。
具体实施方式
图1所示的根据本发明的制动系统主要包括:操纵装置1、液压控制单元2、以及制动主缸或串连主缸(Tandemhauptzylinder)3,其中操纵装置1和控制单元2形成一制动助力器,所述制动主缸的压力腔(未示出)连接到轮制动回路I、II,所述轮制动回路I、II在中间连接已知的ABS/ESP液压单元或可控的轮制动压力调制模块4的情况下为机动车辆的轮制动器5a~5d供给液压压力介质。为液压控制单元2配设有电子制动系统控制单元30,而为轮制动压力调制模块4配设一电子控制调节单元31。设置一制动踏板33以驱控制动操纵单元1,该制动踏板与一活塞杆32相连接,该活塞杆在中间连接助力器活塞5的情况下与制动主缸1的第一活塞或主活塞7传力连接。在助力器壳体36中能轴向移位地引导助力器活塞5,该助力器活塞界定具有附图标记35的液压助力器腔。
前述液压控制单元2主要包括:供压装置6和压力调节阀装置8。供压装置6由液压高压蓄液器38和用于充填高压蓄液器38的马达泵组件39形成,而压力调节阀装置8的输出一方面通过液压连接部25连接到前述压力介质存储容器37、另一方面经由一附接在液压连接部25的管线40连接到助力器腔35。此外,液压控制单元2具有配设给压力调节阀装置8的预控制级9,其功能将在下文中说明。又一管线41将马达泵组件39的吸入侧连接到前述压力介质存储容器37。马达泵组件39优选设计成与液压控制单元2分离的其它构件的结构单元并且具有隔离结构声的紧固结构和液压连接结构。高压蓄液器38中已经保持的液压压力由一压力传感器检测,该压力传感器具有附图标记45。
特别是由图2可见,压力调节阀装置8具有两级式设计,除所述可电驱控的预控制级9外、优选还包括一可双重液压驱控的主阀级(附图标记10)和一液压驱控级,该液压驱控级的结构将在以下描述中说明。
预控制级9包括一由能模拟控制的、无流闭合的(SG-)二位二通阀11以及能模拟控制的、无流打开的(SO-)二位二通阀12形成的串接结构,其中,在所述两阀11、12之间的液压中间分接部28传送用于主阀级10的驱控压力之一。液压驱控级包括:第一驱控腔17、第一驱控活塞或阶梯式活塞15、与压力介质存储容器37相连接的环形腔22、以及由阶梯式活塞15界定的第二驱控腔18,该第二驱控腔18还连接到预控制级9的前述中间分接部28。第二驱控腔18另一方面由一第二驱控活塞16界定,该第二驱控活塞16与阀套13一起界定一容器连接腔19并且在所述实施例中与阀体14一体形成。阀套13与阀体14一起形成压力调节阀装置8的前述主级10。
此外由图2可见,第一驱控腔17在中间连接一可电磁操纵的、无流打开的(SO-)二位二通阀23的情况下连接到第二制动回路II。第二制动回路中调节出的压力由压力传感器27检测,其中二位二通阀23在其通电的切换位置中实现朝向驱控级关闭的止回阀的功能,其在图2中通过具有附图标记24的相应液压符号表示。
同时,阀体14与阀套13一起形成一高压连接腔20,该高压连接腔20连接到供压装置6或38的出口。高压连接腔20可通过阀体14的移动连接到工作压力腔21,在所示的阀体起始位置或静止位置中该工作压力腔通过形成在阀体14中的压力介质通道42、43连接到容器连接腔19。在工作压力腔21中调节出的增压压力由第三压力传感器46检测。在此有利的是,在阀套13中引导的阀体14的直径大于阶梯式活塞15的较小台阶的直径。此外由图2可见,在工作压力腔21上(经由前述连接管线25)连接通向助力器腔35的管线40,在该管线40上连接通向压力介质存储容器37的又一管线44。在后提到的又一管线44中设有朝向压力介质存储容器37关闭的止回阀26。
下面结合附图更详细地说明根据本发明的制动系统的工作原理。
第一工作模式对应于纯电的、所谓的“线控制动”工作模式,其中制动系统的所有构件都完好无损并且无故障地工作。这对应于根据本发明的制动系统的标称功能/名义功能。在该模式中,阀23关闭,为了在助力器腔35中调节出瞬时制动所需的液压压力,以如下方式驱控压力调节阀装置8:关闭阀12以增压压力,打开阀12以使压力介质流入腔18中,从而使阀体16移动,进而关闭降压控制边缘/控制开口、即从工作压力腔21到容器连接腔18的连接,在进一步流入时打开在高压连接腔20与工作压力连接腔21之间的连接。为了保持压力,以计量的方式打开阀12以使压力介质能部分地从腔18流出,使得阀体16向右移位,从而阻断升压控制边缘、即从高压连接腔20到工作压力连接腔21的连接。而为了通过使压力介质进一步从腔18流出而降低压力,使阀体16进一步向右移位,从而打开降压控制边缘、即在工作压力连接腔21与容器连接腔19之间的连接。
能模拟控制的二位二通阀11、12的驱控过程由电子控制单元30以如下方式协调,使工作压力连接腔21中的压力接近一理论压力值。该理论压力值一方面由检测出的制动踏板33的操纵分量得出,另一方面由一外部操纵分量得出。制动踏板33的操纵分量由制动踏板33或助力器活塞5的致动行程求出,所述致动行程由位移传感器29检测,该所述致动行程对应于一优选渐进(progressive)的特征曲线、由于施加在制动踏板33上的操纵力而以一基于所述渐进而不成比例的关系形成。
在第二工作模式中,该第二工作模式的特点在于车载电网上的电压波动/电压干扰并且对应于第一备用级/低效运行级(Rückfallebene),在工作压力连接腔21中不可能以电子控制的方式建立压力。为此目的,借助于在制动主缸3中由于操纵制动踏板33调节出的压力35液压地驱控压力调节阀装置8,其中通过打开的电磁阀23和压力腔17来根据液压行程进行驱控,作为能量源使用在高压蓄液器38中在压力作用下储存的压力介质。否则(在其它情况下),以与第一工作模式相同的方式在工作压力连接腔21中建立压力。
在第三工作模式中,该第三工作模式的特征在于由液压供压装置6或38产生的压力失效,制动系统能够纯机械地工作。在对致动踏板的操纵的影响下,助力器活塞5从其止挡位置向左移动、并通过机械接触使制动主缸活塞7移位。在此,止回阀26允许压力介质从容器37流入助力器腔35中。仅通过车辆驾驶者的肌肉力量来操纵制动主缸3。
本发明实现了一种结构简单的制动系统,其中能够比常规制动系统更容易地实现电子稳定控制功能(ESP),因为不需要专用的ESP液压单元。在带有根据本发明的制动系统的车辆中,专用的ESP液压单元是多余的,根据本发明的外部制动液压单元与常规的ABS系统相结合会带来好得多的功能。所需的可电磁操作的阀比常规ESP液压单元少。此外,与比常规ESP液压单元相比,根据本发明的制动系统具有更好的能量平衡并且产生更少的噪音,因为在ESP模式中不再需要循环泵送制动流体以在压力限制阀上产生速滞压力/动态压力(Staudruck)。

Claims (18)

1.一种用于机动车辆的制动系统,具有:
能通过制动踏板(33)操纵的制动主缸(3);
配属于所述制动主缸(3)的压力介质存储容器(37);
液压助力器级(5,35,40),所述液压助力器级作用地连接在所述制动主缸(3)的上游并带有助力器活塞(5),所述助力器活塞被由压力源(6)提供的液压增压压力加载,所述助力器活塞在所有工作模式中都能实现由所述制动踏板(33)到所述制动主缸(3)的液压活塞(7)上的直接机械作用;
以及用于计量所述增压压力的、能电驱控的压力调节阀装置(8),
其特征在于,所述压力调节阀装置(8)能附加地被液压驱控。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制动系统,其特征在于,通过由所述制动主缸(3)产生的压力来液压地驱控所述压力调节阀装置(8)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制动系统,其特征在于,所述压力调节阀装置(8)具有两级式设计。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制动系统,其特征在于,所述压力调节阀装置(8)包括一能电驱控的预控制级(9或11、12)以及能双重液压驱控的主阀级(10)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制动系统,其特征在于,所述预控制级(9或11,12)通过能模拟调节的、无流闭合的(SG-)二位二通阀(11)和能模拟调节的、无流打开的(SO-)二位二通阀(12)的串接结构形成,其中在所述两个阀(11,12)之间的液压中间分接部(28)传送用于所述主阀级(10)的驱控压力之一。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的制动系统,其特征在于,所述压力调节阀装置(8)包括具有主阀级(10)和液压驱控级(15,16,17,22,18)的三位三通阀,其中所述主阀级(10)包括阀套(13)和能在所述阀套(13)中轴向移位的阀体(14),而所述液压驱控级(15,16,17,22,18)包括第一驱控活塞(15)和第二驱控活塞(16),其中所述第一驱控活塞(15)界定第一液压驱控腔(17),所述第一驱控活塞(15)和所述第二驱控活塞(16)界定第二液压驱控腔(18),所述第二驱控活塞(16)和所述阀体(14)界定液压容器连接腔(19),所述阀体(14)和所述阀套(13)界定高压连接腔(20)和工作压力连接腔(21)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制动系统,其特征在于,所述阀体(14)和所述第二驱控活塞(16)一体形成。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的制动系统,其特征在于,所述阀体(14)在其背离所述第二驱控活塞(16)的端侧上伸入所述工作压力连接腔(21)中并被所述高压连接腔(20)的压力加载。
9.根据权利要求6至8中任一项所述的制动系统,其特征在于,所述第二驱控腔(18)与所述预控制级(9或11、12)的中间分接部(28)液压连接。
10.根据权利要求6至9中任一项所述的制动系统,其特征在于,所述第一驱控腔(17)与所述制动主缸(3)的一压力回路(II)液压连接。
11.根据权利要求6至10中任一项所述的制动系统,其特征在于,所述阀体(14)在与所述阀套(13)共同作用的情况下、在一静止位置处建立在所述工作压力连接腔(21)与容器连接腔(19)之间的液压连接,该液压连接的液压流通截面当使所述阀体(14)在所述阀套(13)中移位时连续缩小,所述阀体(14)在进一步移动一很小的“重叠行程”时使所述三个连接腔(19,21,20)互相隔离,从而在更进一步移动时连续打开在所述高压连接腔(20)与所述工作压力连接腔(21)之间的液压连接。
12.根据权利要求6至11中任一项所述的制动系统,其特征在于,所述第一驱控活塞(15)设计成阶梯式活塞。
13.根据权利要求12所述的制动系统,其特征在于,在所述阶梯式活塞(15)的两个密封截面之间的液压环形腔(22)与所述容器连接腔(19)液压连接。
14.根据权利要求6至13中任一项所述的制动系统,其特征在于,在所述制动主缸(2)与所述第一驱控腔(17)之间的连接能借助于一能电磁操纵的、无流打开的(SO-)二位二通阀(23)切断,其中设有一作用地与该二位二通阀(23)并行连接的止回阀(24),该止回阀能够与该无流打开的(SO-)二位二通阀(23)的切换位置无关地允许压力介质体积流离开所述第一驱控腔(17)。
15.根据权利要求6至14中任一项所述的制动系统,其特征在于,所述阀体(14)的面向所述工作压力连接腔(21)的端面大于所述阶梯式活塞(15)的界定所述第一驱控腔(17)的面。
16.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的制动系统,其特征在于,在所述工作压力连接腔(21)与所述压力介质存储容器(37)之间设有液压连接部(44),在该液压连接部中装入一朝向所述压力介质存储容器(37)关闭的止回阀(26)。
17.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的制动系统,其特征在于,设有用于检测在所述制动主缸(2)中调节出的压力的压力传感器(27)。
18.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的制动系统,其特征在于,设有用于检测所述助力器活塞(5)的行程的位移传感器(29)。
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CN102745185B (zh) * 2011-04-19 2016-03-23 现代摩比斯株式会社 汽车制动装置
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KR101540135B1 (ko) 2015-07-28
CN101868387B (zh) 2014-02-12
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