House pillar changeable panel upward demix filling mining method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of mining by the way of filling, particularly relate to a kind of pillars of a house alternative expression panel upward ut and fill stoping.This method mainly is applicable to the metal mining that ore body is extremely thick greatly, the ore deposit rock is firm and production capacity is big, efficient is high, also is adapted to possess the nonmetal depdosit exploitation of cut and fill simultaneously.
Technical background
Be a kind of low poor damage at present commonly used, the green mining methods that operational security is good to horizontal cut and fill stoping on the house column type; But because this ore deposit method is with two step back production, the room of promptly digging up mine earlier, back mining post; In the mineral building exploitation process; Mineral building is bigger with the cutting influence to the Blasting Damage of ore pillar, causes ore pillar rock mass generation destruction and steadiness to descend, and the back production condition of ore pillar extremely worsens; In addition, strip (thick big) and be in the isolated ore pillar that obturation is surrounded adopts mining sequence from bottom to top; After the bottom discloses; Rely on the tensile stress of two side obturation adhesion stresss, rock stratum self and the acting in conjunction of upper lower burrs rock stratum semi girder to be able to supporting fully, after the ore pillar suspention is highly excessive, when rock stratum tensile strength is not enough to overcome its selfweight stress; Might cause whole sinking of ore pillar or large tracts of land to come off, cause serious accident; Consider the influence of back production time, ore pillar is in outstanding top situation for a long time, and the joint fissure of rock stratum increases, by the part develop built on the sand be integral body built on the sand, cause safety cost to increase, the possibility that accident takes place increases.China's big thick ore body is more and more with the mine of upward ut and fill stoping exploitation at present; The stope roof collapse frequent for ubiquity during the exploitation of its ore pillar; Supporting means disappearance, the stope difficulty is adopted and the continuous situation of security incident, has a strong impact on the mine and produces and mining progress; The resources loss rate improves greatly, is unfavorable for Mine Safety in Production especially.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve provides the house pillar changeable panel upward demix filling mining method that a kind of safe, continuity is strong, the resources loss rate is little, mechanization degree is high, labour intensity is low, efficient is high, production capacity is big.
The ore pillar roof collapse is frequent when exploiting with upward ut and fill stoping in order to solve present China big thick ore body; Supporting means disappearance; The stope difficulty is adopted and the continuous technical problem of security incident, and house pillar changeable panel upward demix filling mining method provided by the invention the steps include:
Nugget is divided into spaced apart mineral building, ore pillar, and 6~8 mineral building ore pillar stopes constitute a panel, and the wide 6~12m of mineral building ore pillar is the production of exploitation unit organization with the panel;
The panel adopts ramp+slice drift+layering connecting taxiway+arteries and veins to concentrate the outer trackless of lower wall arteries and veins of ore removal drop shaft to adopt Barebone outward, the high 50m in stage casing, and the high 10~15m of segmentation, 3~4 are layered as a segmentation, divide floor height 2.5~3.5m;
The mineral building ore pillar is with mechanization upward ut and fill stoping slicing from bottom to top, jumbo perforating, scraper ore removal, rock bolting jumbo supporting; 3~4 mineral buildings or 3~4 synchronous back production of ore pillar.Trackless equipment replaces parallel operations in mineral building or the ore pillar;
The ore pillar exchange function is alternately risen in pillars of a house back production in the panel.Its implementation procedure is: mineral building working to the rise simultaneously in panel is that 10m~15m is a back production unit with 3~6 layerings, after back production unit of mineral building mining height is 10~15m; With tailing cemented filling and connect the top; Provisional the stopping of mineral building adopted, and changes the mining post, and this moment, mineral building connect the top because of filling; Protect top " ore pillar " in the time of serving as pillar recovery temporarily, realize the function conversion; The panel ore pillar adopts the method back production identical with mineral building, and it is that filling connects the top behind 20m~30m that back production reaches 2 10~15m, stops the post of digging up mine then, transfers the continuation rooming to, and connect top because of the ore pillar filling this moment, and ore pillar continues performance, and it protects the top function; So repeatedly, mineral building ore pillar alternating recovery protects the constantly conversion along with hocketing of mineral building ore pillar of top function, has adopted until whole nugget;
For first layering of mineral building ore pillar, owing to the top layer that protects in stage casing under the conduct, so need higher intensity.The first layering bottom is built the concrete artificial false bottom in advance, bar diameter Φ 12mm, and net degree 0.25m * 0.25, intensity is C15, thickness 0.5m looks the mineral building ore pillar then and adopts glued or non-consolidated fill, packed height 2.5m, back filling top dressing again.
During mineral building pillar recovery, follow upward ut and fill stoping back production principle, adopt one deck, filling one deck, and reserve 1.6~2.0m explosion compensation and use empty heights of roofs.Under the normal condition; The goaf consolidated fill carries out filling with 1: 8~1: 12 cement tailings of cement-sand ratio, for guaranteeing the extractive equipment walking and reducing ore secondary depletion loss, filling top dressing in the layering; Water surface thickness 0.3~0.5m, adopt 1: 4~1: 6 cement of cement-sand ratio tailing-filled.Mineral building is provisional stop adopting after, when ore pillar exploitation position was lower than the mineral building mining height, the goaf was tailing-filled with no gelling agent; After pillar recovery highly surpasses the mineral building mining height, use the cement tailing cemented filling of gelling agent instead, its proportioning is identical with mineral building consolidated fill proportioning.
Mineral building ore pillar alternating recovery finishes until whole nugget.
Adopt the house pillar changeable panel upward demix filling mining method of technique scheme, its beneficial effect is:
1. safety is increased
The present invention is directed to thickly, proposed the panel slicing of pillars of a house alternative expression exploitation and the safe working method of filling greatly than the steady type metalliferous deposit.Alternately rise through control pillars of a house structural parameters, stope exposed area, the pillars of a house, reduced ore pillar suspention height.Provisional filling through the pillars of a house connects the top; Realize that the pillars of a house protects the exchange of top function; Shortened the back production time as ore pillar; Improve the integrality and stability of stope rock stratum, thereby avoided occurring in the ore pillar recovery process whole sink and inbreak, stope are converted into the great security risk that whole unstability is brought by local buckling, thereby guaranteed orebody mining safety effectively.
2. high-efficiency mining
The overhand cut and fill stoping exploitation of pillars of a house alternative expression panel; Because 3~4 synchronous back production of mineral building ore pillar in the panel; Can make full use of the trackless equipment operation, and realize that a plurality of stope rock drilling, ore removal, supporting, filling replace parallel operations, produce concentrated relatively; Avoid deficiencies such as single pillars of a house exploitation personnel disperse, utilization rate of equipment and installations is low, labor organization is loaded down with trivial details, realized the nugget high-efficiency mining.
3. the resources loss rate reduces
Adopt pillars of a house alternative expression panel overhand cut and fill stoping,, improved the whole steadiness of ore deposit rock, thereby make the ore of some possible losses be able to reclaim, improve resource recovery through changing stopping sequence and process for stoping.
4. mechanization degree is high, and production capacity is big
The employing panel is that the form of labor organization and the trackless of unit adopted Barebone, is equipped with advanced extractive equipments such as jumbo, scraper and rock bolting jumbo, and mechanization degree is high, and labor strength is low, and efficient is high, and production capacity is big.
The mining methods main economic and technical indices is: adopt accurate engineering quantity 10.12 mark rice/kt, panel production capacity 873.1t/d.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a mining methods structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the II-II sectional drawing of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the III-III sectional drawing of Fig. 1.
Among the figure: 1-stage haulage way, the 2-slice drift, 3-layering connecting taxiway, the artificial false top of 4-, the 5-fore-set, the 6-cemented fill, the non-cemented fill of 7-, 8-waters surface layer, 9-ventilation filling well, 10-tailgate, 11-drop shaft, 12-drop shaft connecting taxiway.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing and the specific embodiment the present invention is further described.
The technical scheme of mining methods of the present invention is following:
1. along orebody trend nugget is divided into spaced apart mineral building, ore pillar, the wide 8m that is of mineral building ore pillar; 4 ore pillars of 4 mineral buildings constitute a panel.Ore body thickness 30m, the long 64m in panel, the panel scope is 64m * 30m.
2. the high 50m in ore body stage casing.Exploitation from bottom to top; The panel adopts the outer trackless of lower wall arteries and veins to adopt accurate mode; Its technical essential is: slice drift 2 is arranged on parallel ore body lower wall border, and each slice drift 2 communicates with arteries and veins outslope road through layering connecting taxiway 3, and stope layering connecting taxiway 3 connects stope and slice drift 2; Drop shaft connecting taxiway 12 concentrates ore removal drop shaft 11 to link with the stage casing, adopts Barebone thereby constitute the outer trackless of panel lower wall arteries and veins; Adopt the jumbo perforating in the stope, the scraper ore removal, the ore removal system of employing slice drift 2+ rockhole 11+ layering connecting taxiway 13, ore passes through shaft hoisting to the face of land.
3. ore body adopts the house pillar changeable panel upward demix filling mining method exploitation; Be characterized in: mineral building is used earlier to the stratified filling method back production; Behind exploitation height 10m~15m, mineral building stops to continue working to the rise, adopts 1: 8~1: 12 cement tailing cemented filling of cement-sand ratio and connects the top; Use the identical method stooping pillaring of rooming then, (behind the 10m~15m), ore pillar stops to continue working to the rise, and filling also connects the top to surpass the back production height in the room of having dug up mine until ore pillar; The pillars of a house alternately rises in the stage casing; The mineral building ore pillar protects the top exchange function; When pillar recovery highly surpassed mineral building mining height has been spent, stope was tailing-filled with no gelling agent; After pillar recovery highly surpassed mineral building back production height, stope filling was used the cement tailing cemented filling instead; For guaranteeing trackless equipment walking safety and reducing the ore poor loss rate, require during the filling of per minute layer to water surface layer, its thickness 0.3~0.5m, cement-sand ratio 1: 4~1: 6; After layering had been adopted, except that requiring filling to connect adopting the layer of top, empty heights of roofs was 1.5~2.0m behind the stope filling; After stope had been adopted, all goafs were with the casting resin filling and connect the top.
4. for guaranteeing stope safety, improve resource recovery, adopt ore fore-set and the method for constructing the false top 4 of REINFORCED CONCRETE ARTIFICIAL reserved; The thick 3m of ore fore-set uses to the route method after stope has been adopted with this law and exploits; The false end intensity C15 of REINFORCED CONCRETE ARTIFICIAL, thickness 0.5m is for next stage casing fore-set back production provides security context.
5. for checking safety of the present invention and practicality, regional stress field is measured with Sweden LUT geostress survey method; 3~5 displacement meters are installed in above goaf (coiling on the ore body) country rock, and distortion is observed to roof strata.In ore pillar and adjacent stope obturation thereof, bury pressure gauge underground, observe its force-bearing situation.Through observation, obtain in the implementation process of the present invention geostatic stress and change and roof strata sedimentation situation, for mining methods parameter and stope mining order, protect top method optimization foundation is provided.
Below will combine accompanying drawing and specific embodiment that the present invention is explained further details:
Embodiment 1:
San-Shan-Dao Gold Mine is the bigger underground gold mine of China's production scale directly under the mining area, production capacity 3500t/d.62 ° of orebody trends, the tendency east southeast,, there is steepening trend gradually at 33~67 ° at inclination angle by inclination angle, north orientation south by average 46 °.Ore body thickness 20~30m, local 60m, the nearly 100m of maximum horizontal thickness.The grade of ore 1.52~12.53g/t, average 3.26g/t, the at present main back production-following ore body in 565m stage casing.
The practical implementation step is:
1. San-Shan-Dao Gold Mine directly under mining area-565m~-the 625m stage casing, 35~45 ° at the slanting angle of ore body is more than the ore body horizontal breadth 30m; Adopt house pillar changeable panel upward demix filling mining method; Divide mineral building ore pillar, mineral building, ore pillar separation, the wide 8m that is along orebody trend; 8 mineral building ore pillars constitute a panel, the long 64m in panel.The high 50m in stage casing.
2. the developing mode of vertical shaft+ramp is adopted in the mine.Be cooperation trackless mechanized mining, arrange that at the ore body lower wall trackless of arteries and veins outslope road+slice drift+concentrated ore removal of layering connection roadway+drop shaft is adopted Barebone, the vertical height of every separated 10m is provided with the outer slice drift of an arteries and veins, slice drift and ramp connection; Communicate with stope through the layering connecting taxiway, communicate with drop shaft through lower wall drop shaft connecting taxiway.Like Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3, at first the phase of boring haulage way 1, tunnels ramp then, presses the vertical high driving slice drift 2 of 10m, back driving lower wall ore removal drop shaft 11 again at ramp along orebody trend.Vertical orebody trend driving layering connecting taxiway 3 is up to ore body lower wall border in the segmentation tunnel.Ore body divides 6 segmentations in the stage casing, the high 10m of segmentation.
3. ore body adopts back production mode from bottom to top.Nugget divides 3 layers of back production in the ore body segmentation, divides floor height 3.0~3.5m; 4 mineral building working to the rises simultaneously.During the mineral building back production, 4 mineral buildings are high with the upward ut and fill stoping slicing 20m that makes progress earlier, and filling connects the top then; The mineral building filling connects provisional the stopping in back, top and adopts, and changes into 4 ore pillars are carried out back production.Ore pillar is boosted with the same back production mode of mineral building, and after back production 20m promptly kept the back production height identical with mineral building, stope changed consolidated fill into by non-consolidated fill.Along with pillar recovery continues to boost, after mining height reached 30m, provisional the stopping of ore pillar adopted, and the ore pillar goaf filling also connects the top, turns to the continuation back production of mineral building then.Mineral building stops adopting behind the back production 20m once more, turns to the back production of ore pillar again, and so circulation finishes until whole paneling repeatedly.
4. the mineral building ore pillar is exploited with upward ut and fill stoping, and its stoping method is: after mining preparation work is accomplished, and first rooming.4 mineral buildings carry out synchronously, with the perforating of Pluton-17 hydraulic jumbo; The non-electricity millisecond of 2# ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture difference blasting cap initiation; TORO-3.5m
3The scraper ore removal; Robolt H518 rock bolting jumbo carries out anchor pole and protects the top; Multimoven-600 type multipurpose servicer transports personnel and material.The back production mode of 4 ore pillars is identical with mineral building back production mode.
5. for first layering, with the drivage method back production and choose highly to 5.0m, the first layering bottom is built the concrete artificial false bottom in advance; Bar diameter Φ 12mm, net degree 0.25m * 0.25, intensity is C15; Thickness 0.5m; Look the mineral building ore pillar then and adopt glued or non-consolidated fill, packed height 2.5m, back filling top dressing again.
6. after layering has been adopted, remove the layer of adopting that requires filling to connect the top, need to reserve the empty heights of roofs of 1.5~2.0m behind the stope filling.When carrying out the mineral building slicing, common consolidated fill adopts cement tailing-filled, and cement-sand ratio is 1: 8~1: 12, and last filling is for watering the surface layer filling, and watering surface thickness is 0.3~0.5m, and cement-sand ratio is 1: 4~1: 6; When ore pillar carries out slicing, with the non-consolidated fill of tailings, but before slicing and filling finishes, require the filling top dressing under the normal condition, its water that surface thickness requires with cement-sand ratio and mineral building to water surface layer consistent.That considers the mineral building ore pillar protects the top exchange function, so consolidated fill and non-consolidated fill are decided according to the POF of the pillars of a house.
7. performing filling before the filling prepares.Construct the filling divider wall earlier, set up filling pipe then, after filling preparation is accomplished, carry out filling again.
8. be checking house pillar changeable panel upward demix filling mining method security reliability; Guarantee the high efficiency in the use; Multiple mechanics, displacement tester on ore body, have been buried in dish, ore pillar and the obturation underground; Thereby carry out long-term observation, in time adjust the mining methods parameter, guarantee to exploit safety, economy, science and reasonable.