CN112324437B - Method for improving recovery rate of point-column type upward horizontal stratified filling mining method - Google Patents
Method for improving recovery rate of point-column type upward horizontal stratified filling mining method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000010878 waste rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
- E21D11/152—Laggings made of grids or nettings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the recovery rate of a point-column type upward horizontal layered filling mining method. The method guides the concrete pouring and supporting mode of the underground shaft and drift engineering to the mining channel area with high caving and roof caving risks caused by ground pressure concentration in the stope adopting an upward horizontal layered filling method, ensures the use safety of the mining channel through the support, cancels the detour engineering, saves the cost and time for constructing the detour engineering, improves the recovery rate of ores in the stope, avoids the occurrence of redundant construction detour engineering and abandoned mining phenomena, and realizes the full recovery of the ores.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of support, and particularly relates to a method for improving the recovery rate of a point-column type upward horizontal layered filling mining method.
Background
The mining of each layer in the stope of the upward layered filling method belongs to a shallow hole shrinkage method, personnel are exposed in a goaf for a long time, problems such as caving of a mining cutting roadway channel, cracking of a roof side, exposure of a large fault and the like are caused due to increase of ground pressure, complex joint and the like, an opening has to be formed additionally to enter a mining area (as shown in figure 1) through a waste rock section construction bypass, the mining cycle time and the construction amount are increased, a large amount of waste rock is easy to mix, the control is difficult, and the construction bypass engineering needs at least more than 30m and needs more than 13 million expenses; part stopes without detour construction conditions can only abandon mining (as shown in figure 2), the ore abandoning mining is also waste of non-renewable resources, and stopes without detour construction conditions usually abandon mining stones by 1000-3000 tons. Therefore, how to improve the recovery rate of the point pillar type upward horizontal layered filling mining method so as to improve the recovery efficiency and avoid resource waste is a problem which needs to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the recovery rate of a point pillar type upward horizontal layered filling mining method.
The invention aims to realize the method for improving the recovery rate of the point-column type upward horizontal layered filling mining method, and the method adopts a full-section reinforced concrete supporting mode to support the recovery channel so as to release the recovery area of the original abandoned mining.
The full-section reinforced concrete support specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Prying: measuring and marking the support point positions of each support section of the stoping channel according to the requirements of a design drawing, and designing the section shape of the roadway support to be a three-center arch shape, wherein the arch height is B/3; prying off pumice on the edge of the top plate of each supporting section, leveling and piling up the bottom plates of equipment and material places, and cleaning up the pumice and sundries;
2) Temporary support: according to the situation of surrounding rocks on site, a tunnel is temporarily supported in a manner of a pipe seam type anchor rod, plain jet and a wooden support, so that the safety of the operation environment is ensured;
3) And (3) construction of an anchor rod: cleaning wall foundations on two sides of a roadway and a roadway bottom plate to a hard bottom, drilling holes according to a design drawing, and respectively inserting a rooting anchor rod and a pile hanging anchor rod into the holes;
4) Installing a reinforcing mesh: erecting a reinforcing mesh and welding and connecting the reinforcing mesh with the pile hanging anchor rod;
5) And (3) concrete spraying and pouring: erecting formworks on the wall part and the top part of the whole roadway, tightly connecting the formworks to each other to form a closed roadway frame body, and then continuously pouring concrete into the reserved gaps of the top plate formwork until all the formworks are tightly connected to the top, wherein the strength of the concrete is C20;
6) Removing the mold and maintaining: and (5) removing the formwork when the strength of the concrete reaches more than 70%, and maintaining after the formwork is removed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method firstly introduces the concrete pouring and supporting mode of the underground shaft and tunnel engineering to the mining channel area with high caving and roof caving risks caused by ground pressure concentration in the stope adopting an upward horizontal layered filling method, ensures the use safety of the mining channel through the support (see figure 3), cancels the detour engineering, saves the cost and time for constructing the detour engineering, improves the recovery rate of ores in the stope, avoids the phenomena of constructing redundant detour engineering and abandoning mining, and realizes the full recovery of the ores.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a stope area without detour construction conditions in a stope, wherein A is the stope area and C is a closed, broken, caving section;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a stope entering a stope area avoiding construction detours at a waste rock area, A-a abandoned area, C-a closed broken caving section, and E-a safe detour project avoiding a broken zone;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a recovery area of the method of the present invention, wherein A '-the recovery area is recovered and C' -concrete is poured for support;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a full-section reinforced concrete support mode of the invention.
The method comprises the following steps of 1-rooting anchor rods, 2-pile hanging anchor rods, 3-three-center arch steel arch model and 4-reinforcing mesh.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but is not intended to be limited in any way, and any modifications or alterations based on the teachings of the invention are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
The invention relates to a method for improving the recovery rate of a point-column type upward horizontal layered filling mining method.
The full-section reinforced concrete support specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Prying: according to the requirements of a design drawing, measuring and marking the position of a supporting point of each supporting section in a closed crushing and caving section, namely a C area, and designing the section shape of a roadway support to be a three-center arch shape with the arch height of B/3; prying off pumice on the top plate edge of each supporting section, flatly stacking bottom plates of equipment and material places, and cleaning the pumice and sundries;
2) Temporary support: according to the situation of on-site surrounding rock, a tunnel is temporarily supported in a pipe seam type anchor rod, plain jet and wood support mode, so that the safety of the operation environment is ensured;
3) Constructing an anchor rod: cleaning wall foundations on two sides of a roadway and a roadway bottom plate to a hard bottom, drilling holes according to a design drawing, and respectively inserting a rooting anchor rod 1 and a pile hanging anchor rod 2 into the holes;
4) Installing a reinforcing mesh: erecting a reinforcing mesh 4 and welding and connecting the reinforcing mesh with the rooting anchor rod 1 and the pile hanging anchor rod 2;
5) And (3) concrete spraying and pouring: erecting formworks on the wall part and the top part of the whole roadway, tightly connecting the formworks to each other to form a closed roadway frame body, and then continuously pouring concrete into the reserved gaps of the top plate formwork until all the formworks are tightly connected to the top, wherein the strength of the concrete is C20;
6) Removing the mold and maintaining: and (5) removing the formwork when the strength of the concrete reaches more than 70%, and maintaining after the formwork is removed.
In the step 2, the rooting anchor rods 1 and the pile hanging anchor rods 2 are reinforced mortar anchor rods with the diameter phi of 1.2-1.8 m-20 mm, the spacing is 1.2-1.8m, and the anchor rods are exposed by 0.4-0.6m.
In the step 3, vertical bars of a reinforcing mesh 4 along the roadway are in lap joint with the three-arch steel structure mold 3.
The manufacturing method of the three-core arch steel structure mold 3 comprises the following steps: a top arch member of a three-core arch and independent two-side straight wall members are welded on the ground surface by using No. 10 channel steel according to the section size of a standard design roadway project, and are transported to the site to be erected and assembled into an integral roadway frame body steel structure section.
The reinforcing mesh 4 is phi 16 reinforcing steel bars, the mesh degree is 400mm multiplied by 400mm, and the lapping and binding length is not less than 400mm.
The preparation method of the reinforcing mesh 4 comprises the following steps: and erecting a group of three-arch steel structure moulds 3 every 1.5m in the roadway, anchoring the reinforcing mesh 4 and the surrounding rock by using 1.2-1.8m phi 20 reinforcing mortar anchor rods, anchoring five steel mesh plates at the top, fixing two steel mesh plates on each side of the side wall, arranging 3 inner walls at the row spacing of 1.5m, and overlapping the vertical bars of the reinforcing mesh 4 along the roadway with the three-arch steel structure moulds 3.
The concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: water: medium coarse sand: stone = 1.84.
The cement is 32.5R ordinary portland cement, the particle size of the stones is 40mm-100mm, and the proportion of the stones in the whole pouring body is less than 15%.
In the step 4, the erecting method of the template is as follows: the whole roadway wall part and the whole roadway top part are subjected to formwork erection by using steel formworks with length multiplied by width (1.5 m multiplied by 0.3 m) and are tightly jointed with each other to form a roadway sealing frame body.
In the step 4, the concrete pouring thickness of the arch part is not less than 300mm; the concrete pouring thickness of the side wall and the end wall is not less than 350mm.
And the full-section single-layer main and auxiliary steel bars are phi-20 twisted steel bars.
Stopes using a point-column type upward horizontal layered filling mining method are generally back-off stoping, if a stoping access and a connecting road encounter a caving section and a crushing section, the whole stope which is responsible for the access cannot enter due to safety reasons, and the whole ore is lost and discarded. The supporting method provided by the invention treats the potential safety hazard in advance or at the early stage of caving, so that the potential safety hazard is in a safe and stable state, and the supporting method is a fundamental condition for ensuring the normal stoping of a stope.
In addition, in the stope, the forms of anchor bolt support, anchor net-jet combined support and the like are generally adopted, and the functions are as follows: hanging function, combination beam function and extrusion reinforcement function. The method introduces the full-section reinforced concrete support into a stope for the first time, takes the effects of the conventional method into consideration, integrally waters and reinforces the roadway to form a whole, has outstanding advantages in the aspects of bearing the ground pressure stress and deformation, preventing the roof from weathering, adjusting the stress field in the rock stratum, enabling the roof and the surrounding rock to form a complete rock mass as soon as possible, and the like, and can be used as a method for permanently supporting and protecting the roadway. In the mining method, the stoping connecting passage and the access passage have longer service time and are used as main passages for personnel and equipment to enter and exit.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
Before construction, a crowing trolley or manpower is adopted to clean the pumice on the top plate and the side wall in a closed crushing collapse section, namely a C area, a wall foundation is cleaned to a bedrock, an air pick or blasting treatment is adopted to reach a design size when the specification of a local roadway does not meet the design requirement, and construction is carried out strictly according to the technical specification requirement. The surrounding rock condition of the site before the reinforced concrete construction adopts pipe seam type anchor rods, plain jet, wooden supports and other modes as temporary support for the roadway, so that the safety of the operation environment is ensured. And (3) after the foundations of the two side walls are cleaned to the hard bottom, constructing a rooting anchor rod 1 and a pile hanging anchor rod 2, wherein the rooting anchor rod 1 and the pile hanging anchor rod 2 are both reinforced mortar anchor rods with the diameter of 1.2m and the diameter of 20mm, the spacing is 1.2m, and the anchor rods are exposed by 0.4m. And welding a top arch member of the three-arch and independent two-side straight wall members on the ground surface by using 10 # channel steel according to the section size of the standard design tunnel engineering, and transporting to the site to assemble the three-arch steel structure die 3 into an integral tunnel frame steel structure section. A group of three-arch steel structure molds 3 are erected in a roadway at intervals of 1.5m, the reinforcing mesh 4 and surrounding rocks are anchored by using 1.2-1.8m phi 20 reinforcing mortar anchor rods, the top five steel mesh concrete walls are provided, each side of each side wall is provided with two steel bar mortar anchor rods, the inner walls are provided with 3 steel bar mortar anchor rods, the row spacing is 1.5m, the anchor rods 1 and 2 and the reinforcing mesh 4 are fixed together, and vertical bars of the reinforcing mesh 4 along the roadway are lapped with the three-arch steel structure molds 3. Mixing the sand and the stones according to the mixing proportion of the C20 concrete, uniformly mixing the mixture by using a 350L stirrer, transporting the mixture to an operation site by using an automobile, arranging a transporter to transport the cement to a supporting section, and stacking the cement orderly. According to the cement: water: medium coarse sand: stone = 1.55, 1.84, and mixing cement with mixed sand and stone with water to prepare concrete, wherein the cement is 32.5R ordinary portland cement, the particle size of the stone is 40mm-100mm, and the proportion of the stone in the whole casting body is less than 15%. And (3) before concrete pouring, constructing a water outlet in advance according to the condition of the on-site surrounding rock, and embedding an orifice pipe to discharge roadway water. After all the steps are finished, a steel structure with the interval of 1.5m is used for erecting the wall part and the top part of the whole roadway by using steel templates with the length multiplied by the width (1.5 m multiplied by 0.3 m) and mutually and tightly jointed to form a roadway closed frame body, after all the steps are finished, the ground surface ready-mixed C20 concrete is filled into on-site supporting and conveying pump equipment, an output pipeline of a conveying pump is directly connected into a reserved gap of the previously closed top plate template for continuous concrete pouring until all the concrete is tightly and compactly connected with the top. The pouring thickness of the arch part is 350mm; the thickness of the side wall and the end wall is 400mm; and after pouring is finished, the formwork can be disassembled until the strength of the concrete reaches 70%, and maintenance work is well done after the formwork is disassembled.
Note: besides the formwork supporting process, the operators below the supporting points must be controlled within 3 persons, and the field monitoring of full-time security personnel is arranged.
Mining cost and time efficiency comparison of the present method with conventional methods
The traditional method has the following mining cost: the average 25m of the measures are taken around the project, the harvesting and cutting cost is 14.27 square meters, multiplied by 25m, multiplied by 297 yuan/m vigour =10.59 ten thousand yuan, and the construction period needs 15-18 days.
The method disclosed by the invention has the following mining cost: the support length is 5m, the support cost is 3200 yuan/m multiplied by 5=1.6 ten thousand yuan, and the construction period needs 8 days.
In conclusion, the mining method saves mining and cutting cost, only needs to spend little supporting cost, and greatly saves mining cost; in addition, the construction period of the mining method only needs 8 days, which is far shorter than 15-18 days of the traditional method, and the mining efficiency is greatly improved.
Claims (6)
1. A method for improving the recovery rate of a point-column type upward horizontal layered filling mining method is characterized in that a full-section reinforced concrete supporting mode is adopted to support a recovery channel so as to release the recovery area of original abandoned mining, and the method is used for the recovery channel area with high risk of caving and roof caving caused by concentrated earth pressure in an upward horizontal layered filling stope; the full-section reinforced concrete support specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Prying: according to the requirements of a design drawing, the position of a supporting point of each supporting section of the mining channel is determined and marked in a target area, the shape of the cross section of a roadway support is designed to be a three-center arch, the arch height is B/3, and B is the width of the arch; prying off pumice on the edge of the top plate of each supporting section, leveling and piling up the bottom plates of equipment and material places, and cleaning up the pumice and sundries;
2) Temporary supporting: according to the situation of surrounding rocks on site, a tunnel is temporarily supported in a manner of a pipe seam type anchor rod, plain jet and a wooden support, so that the safety of the operation environment is ensured;
3) And (3) construction of an anchor rod: cleaning wall foundations on two sides of a roadway and a roadway bottom plate to a hard bottom, drilling holes according to a design drawing, and respectively inserting a rooting anchor rod (1) and a pile hanging anchor rod (2) into the holes;
4) Installing a reinforcing mesh: firstly, manufacturing a three-arch steel structure mould (3), welding a top arch member of the three-arch and independent two-side straight wall members on the ground surface by using 10 # channel steel according to the section size of a standard design tunnel project, and transporting to the site to form a frame mould to assemble an integral tunnel frame body steel structure section; a group of three-arch steel structure moulds (3) are erected in a roadway at intervals of 1.5m, the reinforcing mesh (4) and surrounding rocks are anchored by using 1.2-1.8m phi 20 reinforcing mortar anchor rods, five steel mesh plates are arranged at the top, each side of each side wall is provided with two steel mesh plates, 3 inner walls are arranged, the row spacing is 1.5m, the rooting anchor rods (1), the pile hanging anchor rods (2) and the reinforcing mesh (4) are fixed together, and vertical bars along the reinforcing mesh (4) of the roadway are overlapped with the three-arch steel structure moulds (3);
5) And (3) concrete spraying and pouring: erecting formworks on the wall part and the top part of the whole roadway, tightly connecting the formworks to each other to form a closed roadway frame body, and then continuously pouring concrete into the reserved gaps of the top plate formwork until all the formworks are tightly connected to the top, wherein the strength of the concrete is C20; the concrete weight ratio is cement, water, medium and coarse sand, pebble = 1.55; the concrete pouring thickness of the side wall and the end wall is not less than 350mm;
6) Removing the mold and maintaining: and (5) when the strength of the concrete reaches more than 70%, removing the formwork, and maintaining after the formwork is removed.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the rooting anchors (1) and the pile hanging anchors (2) in step 2) are reinforced mortar anchors of 1.2-1.8m + phi 20mm, the spacing is 1.2-1.8m, and the anchors are exposed 0.4-0.6m.
3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that said mesh reinforcement (4) is Φ 16 steel, the mesh size is 400mm x 400mm, and the overlap tie length is not less than 400mm.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cement is 32.5R ordinary portland cement, the particle size of the stones is 40mm-100mm, and the proportion of the stones in the whole pouring body is less than 15%.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the erection method of the formwork in step 5) is as follows: and (3) performing formwork assumption on the whole roadway wall part and the top part by using steel formworks of 1.5m multiplied by 0.3m and mutually and tightly jointing to form a roadway closed frame body.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the full-section single-layer main and auxiliary steel bars are phi 20 threaded steel bars.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101858217A (en) * | 2010-05-18 | 2010-10-13 | 中南大学 | House pillar changeable panel upward demix filling mining method |
| CN101892860A (en) * | 2010-06-05 | 2010-11-24 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for entry retaining for walling at sides of road in steel cylinder support mode |
| CN101975073A (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2011-02-16 | 王晓利 | Retractable concrete arch and anchor rod combined support system and construction method |
| CN107130962A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-09-05 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Sublevel caving subsequent cemented filling mining method for thick and large ore body |
| CN111425205A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-07-17 | 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 | Mining support method for steeply inclined extremely thin ore body |
-
2020
- 2020-10-20 CN CN202011125373.3A patent/CN112324437B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101975073A (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2011-02-16 | 王晓利 | Retractable concrete arch and anchor rod combined support system and construction method |
| CN101858217A (en) * | 2010-05-18 | 2010-10-13 | 中南大学 | House pillar changeable panel upward demix filling mining method |
| CN101892860A (en) * | 2010-06-05 | 2010-11-24 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for entry retaining for walling at sides of road in steel cylinder support mode |
| CN107130962A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-09-05 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Sublevel caving subsequent cemented filling mining method for thick and large ore body |
| CN111425205A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-07-17 | 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 | Mining support method for steeply inclined extremely thin ore body |
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