CN102562145B - Dry-type cement filling method realized by aid of extracted tail salt of salt deposit - Google Patents
Dry-type cement filling method realized by aid of extracted tail salt of salt deposit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102562145B CN102562145B CN201110417361.2A CN201110417361A CN102562145B CN 102562145 B CN102562145 B CN 102562145B CN 201110417361 A CN201110417361 A CN 201110417361A CN 102562145 B CN102562145 B CN 102562145B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- filling
- salt
- nacl
- tail salt
- filler
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Abstract
The invention relates to a dry-type cement filling method realized by the aid of extracted tail salt of a salt deposit. The dry-type cement filling method is characterized in that a filling material in the method is tail salt remained after beneficiation processing of sylvine or carnallite ores; the main ingredients of the tail salt are NaCl or NaCl and MgCl2; the filling material is solid, and is conveyed in a well by modes of drop shaft sliding, underground automobile conveying, belt conveying and the like; the filling method is used for cement filling; and when the main ingredients of the tail salt are NaCl and MgCl2, cementing agent is added in the filling material, and is clay or saturated NaCl brine. By the aid of tail salt dry-type cement filling, a filling body with the certain strength can be formed in a hollow area, damage of ore pillars and surrounding rocks can be prevented effectively, surface collapse and subsidence are prevented, and recovery safety is maintained. A large quantity of tail salt is utilized, occupied area of stacked tail salt is greatly reduced, and the ground surface of a mining area and surrounding ecological environments are protected effectively.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the placement method in goaf, a kind of mineral deposit, a kind of dry type consolidated fill method of utilizing salt deposit exploitation tail salt particularly, filling is carried out in the goaf that it is applicable to sylvite or carnallite deposit to adopt underground mining mode to form.
Background technology
In prior art, mainly contain two class filling methods, the goaf that salt deposit exploitation forms utilizes liquid to carry out filling, and its material is mainly saturated bittern; Metal and nonmetal mineral deposit adopts the underground mining mode goaf forming of digging up mine generally all to adopt tailing cemented filling.
Utilize the mode of saturated bittern bashing to be generally only applicable to the salt deposit of solution mining.When salt deposit adopts solution mining, be filled with saturated bittern top board is played a supporting role in the solution cavity after exploitation, protection earth's surface prevents surface collapse.But down-hole has a large amount of personnel, equipment more a large amount of bittern to be filled with to down-hole mining operations is formed to potential safety hazard when salt deposit adopts underground mining form.In dead zone, bittern can reduce pillar strength with the ore pillar softening ore pillar of having an effect in addition, is unfavorable for the stability of dead zone, down-hole.Therefore it is little that this placement method is used in the goaf feasibility of potassium salt deposit of underground mining.
In the exploitation of metal and nonmetal mine underground, mostly adopt the tailing cemented filling of high concentration, the tailings of higher concentration is sent by pumping to goaf after mixing with cement or other cementitious materialss and carries out filling, and tailings and cementitious materials solidify the stable obturation of rear formation.In the exploitation of salt deposit because mine tailing is mainly NaCl and MgCl
2, and these properties of materials have determined the obturation that it can not be firm with general cementing formation such as cement.Although as adopt the material cementing fills such as sand, stone can form firm obturation to reach and meet filling requirement, salt ore processing a large amount of tail salt out can only be piled and have ground, not only take a large amount of soils and can cause adverse effect to environment.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art; invent a kind of New Tail salt dry type consolidated fill method; this placement method has avoided the adverse effect of a large amount of saturated bitterns to stoping safety; the pre-collapse in ground and sinking have been protected again; fully utilize tail waste salt simultaneously, protected environment.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to realize by following technical scheme.The present invention is a kind of dry type consolidated fill method of utilizing salt deposit exploitation tail salt, is characterized in:
The filler of the method is sylvite or the tail salt of carnallite ore after ore dressing processing; The Main Ingredients and Appearance of tail salt is NaCl, or is NaCl and MgCl
2, and NaCl and MgCl
2mol ratio be not less than 1;
Described placement method is dry stowing, and filler is solid state, adopt drop shaft from slipping, the combined transportation form of one of down-hole automobile, belt-conveying mode or aforementioned several mode combinations transports to down-hole by filler;
Described placement method is consolidated fill; When the Main Ingredients and Appearance of tail salt is NaCl and MgCl
2time, in filler, adding adhesive material, described adhesive material is clay or saturated NaCl bittern.Technical problem to be solved by this invention can also further realize by following technical scheme.Above-described placement method, is characterized in: during filling, filler fully mixes, slicing and filling, primary filling thickness is 300 ~ 500mm, according to first throwing filler, then spray on demand saturated NaCl bittern or loose clay, the process cycles finally rolling is carried out filling.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention can also further realize by following technical scheme.Above-described placement method, is characterized in: in filler, the water content of tail salt NaCl is not higher than 10%; Tail salt MgCl
2will be with MgCl
26H
2the tail salt that O form exists obtains the magnesium sheet containing 2 ~ 4 crystallizations water by the strong evaporation of high temperature.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention can also further realize by following technical scheme.Above-described placement method, is characterized in: in panel, divide mineral building mining, in same mineral building, packing job and mining hocket; When orebody thickness is less than 5m, by one deck back production, when orebody thickness is greater than 5m, adopt upper to separate mining & filling back production; Every layer of stoping width 4m left and right, back production one deck filling one deck then continues one deck above back production on obturation; Behind the complete one deck of mineral building back production ore deposit, start to carry out packing job.
Below the inventive method is described further.
One, select suitable filler
Placement method of the present invention is tail salt dry type cemented-method, and its main filler is sylvite or the tail salt of carnallite ore after ore dressing processing, and main component is NaCl or NaCl and MgCl
2.General processing factory tail salt is out just through concentrator dehydration, and its water content generally reaches more than 20%, therefore can not meet the requirement of dry stowing.Tail salt NaCl can make its water content drop to minimum being generally in 10% through centrifuge dewatering.And MgCl
2generally with MgCl
26H
2o is similar to existence, therefore preferably by the strong evaporation of high temperature, obtains the magnesium sheet containing 2 ~ 4 crystallizations water.Tail salt heap exists in tail salt pond for filling, as filling in time need to be stored up the long period in tail salt pond, in order to delay MgCl
2deliquescence must be stored up tail salt pond by two kinds of tail salt pack sealings respectively again.
Two, select effective cementitious materials
The present invention is for can be better fixed after making two kinds of main fillers be filled to goaf, and the strength of filling mass of formation is higher, must select suitable adhesive material.According to the principle of salting liquid supersaturation crystallization and freezing, study by experiment, inventor finds: saturated bittern or loose clay can be used as the cementitious materials of tail salt.Loose clay refers to the unselected clay being comprised of multiple hydrosilicate and a certain amount of alumina, alkali metal oxide and alkaline earth oxide.The particle of clay mineral is tiny, in colloid size range, is crystal or noncrystal, is sheet, tubulose or bar-shaped.Saturated bittern refers to NaCl saturated solution.And these two kinds of cementitious materialss have distribution extensively, easily gather, with low cost, the advantage of filling convenient transportation.
Filler of the present invention by with adhesive material (saturated NaCl bittern or loose clay) in moisture content effect form NaCl and bischofite (MgCl
26H
2o) crystalline solid has certain intensity.The consumption of cementitious materials is mainly according to NaCl and MgCl
2ratio-dependent, as filler NaCl and MgCl
2in contained moisture content, add cementitious materials must deduct the water content in filler.Its peak discharge can be calculated according to following formula:
M＜
M---add the mass ratio of cementitious materials and filler;
N---NaCl and MgCl in filler
2ratio, NaCl:MgCl
2=n:1;
Q---the moisture content of NaCl casting resin;
M---after strong evaporation, wait until that magnesium sheet is moisture, MgCl
2mH
2o;
K---moisture content in cementitious materials.
Three strength of filling mass are controlled
According to NaCl and MgCl
2different its intensity of mixed proportion different.The resistance to compression monitoring of chamber to salt block by experiment, filler is all that its resistance to compression of NaCl solid can reach 10MPa, is all bischofite (MgCl
26H
2o) its compressive strength is 3.1MPa during crystalline solid.When filler during for both mixtures its compressive strength between 3.1 ~ 10 MPa.
According to the filling experience in the code requirement of the underground mining method of mining by the way of filling and other mines, strength of filling mass reaches the requirement that 3MPa can meet afterwards filling goaf when above; When reaching more than 4MPa, strength of filling mass can, as sublevel fill stoping method, stratified filling method and the upper obturation to mining methods such as admission passage filling methods, meet the normal operation of personnel, equipment.
Four filling process
First, on ground, build a Filling system by filler NaCl, MgCl
2then by filling well, be transported to down-hole.The combined transportation form that transportation dry stowing material can adopt the modes such as drop shaft slips certainly, down-hole automobile, belt-conveying or several means of transportation to combine.The filler that is transported to goaf utilizes throwing filling vehicle and scraper to carry out filling.
In panel, divide mineral building mining, in same mineral building, packing job and mining hocket.When orebody thickness is less than 5m, by one deck back production, when orebody thickness is greater than 5m, adopt upper to separate mining & filling back production.Every layer of stoping width 4m left and right, back production one deck filling one deck then continues one deck above back production on obturation.
Behind the complete one deck of mineral building back production ore deposit, start to carry out packing job.First the filler of transporting to stope is packed into scraper in the hopper of throwing filling vehicle, then filler throwing in goaf.300 ~ 500mm is thick for filler primary filling, then according to definite ratio, sprays saturated bittern or clay adhesive material, then rolls with multi-functional aid vehicle.The circulation technology rolling is until the goaf of complete mineral building of filling according to throwing filler,---to spray bittern---.
Compared with prior art, the inventive method can form the obturation with some strength by tail salt dry type consolidated fill in dead zone, can effectively prevent ore pillar and surrounding rock failure, prevention surface collapse and sinking, safeguard back production safety.Placement method of the present invention has utilized a large amount of tail salt, has greatly reduced and has stored up floor space, and the ecological environment of mining area surface and periphery is played to effective protection, thereby has good economic benefit and huge environment and social benefit.
The specific embodiment
Further describe concrete implementer's case of the present invention below.The cited specific embodiment of the present invention just describes preferred technique embodiment of the present invention, and be not be confined to cited several.
Embodiment 1, a kind of dry type consolidated fill method of utilizing salt deposit exploitation tail salt, and the filler of the method is sylvite or the tail salt of carnallite ore after ore dressing processing; The Main Ingredients and Appearance of tail salt is NaCl,
Described placement method is dry stowing, and filler is solid state, adopt drop shaft from slipping, the combined transportation form of one of down-hole automobile, belt-conveying mode or aforementioned several mode combinations transports to down-hole by filler.
Embodiment 2, a kind of dry type consolidated fill method of utilizing salt deposit exploitation tail salt, and the filler of the method is sylvite or the tail salt of carnallite ore after ore dressing processing; The Main Ingredients and Appearance of tail salt is for being NaCl and MgCl
2, and NaCl and MgCl
2mol ratio be not less than 1;
Described placement method is dry stowing, and filler is solid state, adopt drop shaft from slipping, the combined transportation form of one of down-hole automobile, belt-conveying mode or aforementioned several mode combinations transports to down-hole by filler;
Described placement method is consolidated fill; In filler, add adhesive material, described adhesive material is clay or saturated NaCl bittern.
Embodiment 3, in the placement method described in embodiment 2: during filling, filler fully mixes, slicing and filling, primary filling thickness is 300 ~ 500mm, according to first throwing filler, then spray on demand saturated NaCl bittern or loose clay, the process cycles finally rolling is carried out filling.
Embodiment 4, in the placement method described in embodiment 1 or 2: in filler, the water content of tail salt NaCl is not higher than 10%; Tail salt MgCl
2will be with MgCl
26H
2the tail salt that O form exists obtains the magnesium sheet containing 2 ~ 4 crystallizations water by the strong evaporation of high temperature.
Embodiment 5, in the placement method described in embodiment 1 or 2 or 4: divide mineral building mining in panel, in same mineral building, packing job and mining hocket; When orebody thickness is less than 5m, by one deck back production, when orebody thickness is greater than 5m, adopt upper to separate mining & filling back production; Every layer of stoping width 4m left and right, back production one deck filling one deck then continues one deck above back production on obturation; Behind the complete one deck of mineral building back production ore deposit, start to carry out packing job.
Embodiment 6, utilize the dry type consolidated fill method test of salt deposit exploitation tail salt.
Certain carnallite sylvite ore is positioned at Vientiane plain kalium-magnesium deposit district, and in district, landform is smooth, and vegetation is luxuriant, and basic surface is that Quaternary system unconsolidated formation covers, and ground mostly is village, rice field, forest land.According to geographical position of living in, mining area and inside and outside condition of technology and economy, consider to adopt tail salt dry type consolidated fill method to coordinate mining.Its reason mainly comprises:
(1) earth's surface need obtain strict protection.Within the scope of mining effect, its earth's surface major part is farmland and ground water system, adopt this filling rule can effectively prevent stope top board and on cover the inbreak of Quaternary system, farmland and earth's surface facility can be effectively protected.
(2) to be that main kalium-magnesium deposit bed buries deep thickness large for carnallite, and ore deposit rock compressive strength is low, and Protodyakonov coefficient is 1 left and right, and property is crisp frangible, meets water electrode soluble.This filling method can adapt to the feature of deposit mining technology condition, and after the extracting drift of less exposed area, timely filling mine tailing, prevents ore pillar and country rock avalanche, safeguards back production safety.
(3) mine tailing abraum salt can be fully used, and is conducive to surface environment protection.If mine tailing is stored in ground, need takies a large amount of soils, and will in storage area, form the artificial salt lake that area is quite large; If enter surface water body (river, river, lake, reservoir), polluted-water, likely causes ecological problem when serious.
(4) along with people deepen and the strengthening of every country environmental protection policy the non-renewable understanding of mineral resources; tail salt dry type consolidated fill method adopts and can be effectively protected to the ecological environment of mining area surface and periphery; ground tailing pit floor space greatly reduces, thereby has good economic benefit and huge environment and social benefit.
Mine capacity is carnallite raw ore 650,000 t/a.Annual abraum salt NaCl output is 28.36 ten thousand t, annual MgCl
2output is 24.54 ten thousand t.NaCl drops to minimum through centrifugal dehydration water content, MgCl
2must adopt the strong evaporation of high temperature to obtain magnesium sheet.Mine tailing packs two kinds of mine tailings to deposit respectively at once from processing factory's output.
According to mining area field condition clay material, be difficult for obtaining therefore cementitious material and select saturated bittern, peak demand is:
M＜
=
0.136
M---every kg filler adds cementitious materials peak discharge, kg
N---NaCl and MgCl in filler
2ratio, NaCl:MgCl
2=1.16:1
Q---the moisture content of NaCl casting resin, 8.5%
M---after strong evaporation, wait until that magnesium sheet is moisture, MgCl
24H
2o
K---because mining area average temperature is 30 ° of C left and right, therefore getting 30 ° of C saturated bittern water content is 79%.
By the test of sneaking into different proportion adhesive material, obturation test block pressure is between 3.83 ~ 6.86 MPa, and along with the increase of gaining in strength of NaCl ratio.The cementitious materials that this ore deposit is selected is 0.1:1 with the ratio of main filler.On strength of filling mass, can meet the operation of winning equipment and the requirement of strength of roof supporting.
First filler transfers to main return air and filling haulage drift by near the filling vertical shaft being arranged on auxiliary shaft.At filling bottom mine tailing with scraper dress as CA-12 underground transportation automobile, down-hole automobile enters by main return air and filling haulage drift, section return air and filling haulage drift haulage drift, filling ramp the panel that needs filling.With scraper, casting resin is packed in the hopper of slinger then filler throwing in goaf.300 ~ 500mm is thick for filler primary filling, then according to definite ratio, sprays saturated bittern, then rolls with multi-functional aid vehicle.The circulation technology rolling is until the goaf of complete mineral building of filling according to throwing filler,---to spray bittern---.
Claims (3)
1. a dry type consolidated fill method of utilizing salt deposit exploitation tail salt, is characterized in that:
The filler of the method is sylvite or the tail salt of carnallite ore after ore dressing processing; The Main Ingredients and Appearance of tail salt is NaCl, or is NaCl and MgCl
2, and NaCl and MgCl
2mol ratio be not less than 1;
Described placement method is dry stowing, and filler is solid state, adopt drop shaft from slipping, the combined transportation form of one of down-hole automobile, belt-conveying mode or aforementioned several mode combinations transports to down-hole by filler;
Described placement method is consolidated fill; When the Main Ingredients and Appearance of tail salt is NaCl and MgCl
2time, in filler, adding adhesive material, described adhesive material is clay or saturated NaCl bittern;
During filling, filler fully mixes, slicing and filling, and primary filling thickness is 300～500mm, according to first throwing filler, then sprays on demand saturated NaCl bittern or loose clay, the process cycles finally rolling is carried out filling.
2. placement method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in filler, the water content of tail salt NaCl is not higher than 10%; Tail salt MgCl
2will be with MgCl
26H
2the tail salt that O form exists obtains the magnesium sheet containing 2～4 crystallizations water by the strong evaporation of high temperature.
3. placement method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in panel, divide mineral building mining, in same mineral building, packing job and mining hocket; When orebody thickness is less than 5m, by one deck back production, when orebody thickness is greater than 5m, adopt upper to separate mining & filling back production; Every layer of stoping width 4m left and right, back production one deck filling one deck then continues one deck above back production on obturation; Behind the complete one deck of mineral building back production ore deposit, start to carry out packing job.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110417361.2A CN102562145B (en) | 2011-12-14 | 2011-12-14 | Dry-type cement filling method realized by aid of extracted tail salt of salt deposit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110417361.2A CN102562145B (en) | 2011-12-14 | 2011-12-14 | Dry-type cement filling method realized by aid of extracted tail salt of salt deposit |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102562145A CN102562145A (en) | 2012-07-11 |
| CN102562145B true CN102562145B (en) | 2014-08-27 |
Family
ID=46408578
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110417361.2A Active CN102562145B (en) | 2011-12-14 | 2011-12-14 | Dry-type cement filling method realized by aid of extracted tail salt of salt deposit |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102562145B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015013759A1 (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2015-02-05 | Xenith Consulting Pty Ltd | Hardenable or settable material and method for stabilising csg salts |
| CN104533420A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-22 | 湖北双环科技股份有限公司 | Multistage-series well injection method for rock salt cavity |
| CN104712359B (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2016-10-12 | 化工部长沙设计研究院 | A kind of method preparing goaf backfill material with the sylvite ore potassium mine tailing containing magnesium |
| CN111877262B (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2021-11-16 | 青海盐湖工业股份有限公司 | Antiseep structure in old bittern salt pan |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU994451A1 (en) * | 1981-06-08 | 1983-02-07 | Калушский Филиал Всесоюзного Научно-Исследовательского И Проектного Института Галургии | Composition of filling mix |
| SU1006782A1 (en) * | 1981-09-21 | 1983-03-23 | Карагандинский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Политехнический Институт | Filling mixture composition |
| CN101858217A (en) * | 2010-05-18 | 2010-10-13 | 中南大学 | House pillar changeable panel upward demix filling mining method |
| CN101864988A (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2010-10-20 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Potash salt ore goaf filling method |
| CN102003185A (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2011-04-06 | 中蓝连海设计研究院 | Sublevel stripe tail salt stoping dry-type filling-mining method |
| CN102101790A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-06-22 | 淄博市王庄煤矿 | Tailing-based fluid swelling filling material |
-
2011
- 2011-12-14 CN CN201110417361.2A patent/CN102562145B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU994451A1 (en) * | 1981-06-08 | 1983-02-07 | Калушский Филиал Всесоюзного Научно-Исследовательского И Проектного Института Галургии | Composition of filling mix |
| SU1006782A1 (en) * | 1981-09-21 | 1983-03-23 | Карагандинский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Политехнический Институт | Filling mixture composition |
| CN101864988A (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2010-10-20 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Potash salt ore goaf filling method |
| CN101858217A (en) * | 2010-05-18 | 2010-10-13 | 中南大学 | House pillar changeable panel upward demix filling mining method |
| CN102003185A (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2011-04-06 | 中蓝连海设计研究院 | Sublevel stripe tail salt stoping dry-type filling-mining method |
| CN102101790A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-06-22 | 淄博市王庄煤矿 | Tailing-based fluid swelling filling material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102562145A (en) | 2012-07-11 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US8911177B2 (en) | Stowing method for goaf of potash salt ore | |
| CN102515683B (en) | Filling paste prepared from salt deposit exploitation tail salt and consolidated filling method thereof | |
| CN106894817B (en) | A kind of mechanization Upward slicing wedging mixed filling mining codes | |
| CN103742146B (en) | Pier stud type filling method coal winning technology | |
| US20200116022A1 (en) | Methods and systems for foam mine fill | |
| CN102562145B (en) | Dry-type cement filling method realized by aid of extracted tail salt of salt deposit | |
| CN102678121A (en) | Layered top-controlling filling mining method for residual ores in deep hole in diskless area | |
| CN111088979B (en) | Downward access filling mining method | |
| CN102775084B (en) | A kind of flyash, slag and utilization of coal gangue Application way | |
| CN104131836A (en) | Production method for underground potassic salt ore goaf backfilling | |
| CN103590851A (en) | Underground waste-rock concrete preparation, pumping and filling system and method | |
| CN109681206A (en) | A method of filling control ground settlement of mining | |
| CN109057798A (en) | A kind of wall type filling mining method suitable for gently inclined phosphate body bed | |
| CN103360011B (en) | Carnallite mine goaf filling method | |
| CN105776911A (en) | Gel material for ultra-fine tailing filling and dry heaping | |
| Mahmadoliev et al. | Reducing the cost of backfill in the Kauldi gold mine | |
| CN104763467B (en) | Obturation and its placement method and system for Hazard in Deep Metal Mines goaf | |
| CN102775105A (en) | Mine paste filling aggregate prepared from building waste materials and preparation method of mine paste filling aggregate | |
| CN106088107B (en) | A kind of tailings impoundment is in the method in Caving Method with Large Space production mine surface subsidence hole | |
| CN107082604A (en) | A kind of coarse aggregate phosphorus ore cemented filling material defeated applied to big times of spool | |
| CN104459083B (en) | The methods of prospecting for ore deposits of heavy rare earth enrichment region in a kind of weathered superficial leaching rare-earth ore | |
| CN102808625A (en) | Method for safely and environmentally mining mineral resource and developing industrial tourism | |
| Warren et al. | Non-potash salts: Borates, Na-sulphates, Na-carbonate, lithium salts, gypsum, halite and zolites | |
| Strozik | Reduction of saline waters discharge from coal mines through filling and sealing of underground voids | |
| CN106587789A (en) | Multifunctional and novel filling material adopting iron ore whole tailings |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |