CN102515683B - Filling paste prepared from salt deposit exploitation tail salt and consolidated filling method thereof - Google Patents
Filling paste prepared from salt deposit exploitation tail salt and consolidated filling method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102515683B CN102515683B CN201110420167XA CN201110420167A CN102515683B CN 102515683 B CN102515683 B CN 102515683B CN 201110420167X A CN201110420167X A CN 201110420167XA CN 201110420167 A CN201110420167 A CN 201110420167A CN 102515683 B CN102515683 B CN 102515683B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
The invention discloses filling paste prepared from salt deposit exploitation tail salt. The filling paste is characterized in that: tail salt prepared by performing ore dressing processing on sylvite or carnallite ore is taken as a filling substrate; the filling substrate mainly comprises NaCl and MgCl2, and hemihydrate gypsum CaSO4 1/2H2O is taken as a cementing material; NaCl serving as an aggregate for solidifying the filling substrate is added as required, and the concentration of a filling material is adjusted by controlling the adding amount of NaCl; and paste of which the mass concentration is 81-88 percent is formed by mixing and stirring the filling substrate with the cementing material. The invention further discloses a filling method for using the filling paste. High-concentration paste is prepared by using the tail salt and the cementing material, the paste filling material is solidified through a physical-chemical reaction after being pumped to an underground worked out section, and a filling body with certain strength can be formed without dehydration in a stope. Softening damage to ore columns and wall rock caused by water contained in filling slurry is avoided, and the ecological environments on the ground surface and the periphery of a mining area are protected effectively.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of compaction material and method of mineral deposit, a kind of fill paste that utilizes the salt deposit exploitation tail salt particularly, this fill paste are specially adapted to filling is carried out in the worked-out section that sylvite or carnallite deposit adopt the underground mining mode to form; The invention still further relates to the method for carrying out consolidated fill with aforementioned fill paste.
Background technology
Mainly contain two class filling methods in prior art, the one, the worked-out section that the salt deposit exploitation forms utilizes liquid to carry out filling, and its material is mainly saturated bittern; The 2nd, the metal and nonmetal mineral deposit adopts the underground mining mode worked-out section that forms of digging up mine generally all to adopt tailing cemented filling.
Utilize the mode of saturated bittern bashing generally to be only applicable to the salt deposit of solution mining.When salt deposit adopts solution mining, be filled with saturated bittern in the solution cavity after exploitation top board is played a supporting role, protect the earth's surface to prevent surface collapse.But there are a large amount of personnel, equipment in the down-hole when salt deposit adopts the underground mining form, then with method, bittern in a large number is filled with the down-hole and certainly will forms potential safety hazard to mining operations.Injecting in addition a large amount of bittern in the dead zone can have an effect and then soften ore pillar with ore pillar, reduces pillar strength, is unfavorable for the stability of dead zone, down-hole.Therefore it is little that this placement method is used in the worked-out section feasibility in sylvite class mineral deposit of underground mining.
Mostly adopt the tailing cemented filling of high density in metal and nonmetal mine underground exploitation, the tailings of higher concentration be sent by pumping to the worked-out section after cement or other consolidating materials mix and carry out filling, tailings and consolidating material solidify the stable obturator of rear formation.In the exploitation of salt deposit because mine tailing is mainly NaCl and MgCl2, and these properties of materials determined its can not with the firm obturator of the general cementing formation such as cement.Although as adopt sand, stone etc. can form firm obturator and satisfy the filling requirement as the compaction material consolidated fill, salt ore processing a large amount of tail salt out can only be stored up on ground, not only take a large amount of soils and can cause disadvantageous effect to environment.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, provides that a kind of new preparation of raw material is reasonable, the cementing effective fill paste that utilizes the salt deposit exploitation tail salt.
Another technical problem to be solved by this invention has been to provide a kind of method of utilizing above-mentioned fill paste to carry out consolidated fill, and the method technique is more reasonable, safety and environmental protection.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to realize by following technical scheme.The present invention is a kind of fill paste that utilizes the salt deposit exploitation tail salt, is characterized in:
It is take sylvite or the carnallitite ore tail salt after ore dressing processing as the filling base material;
The main component of filling base material is NaCl and MgCl
2, with semi-hydrated gypsum CaSO
4H
2O is consolidating material; MgCl in described semi-hydrated gypsum and filling base material
26H
2The mass ratio of O is 0.90 ~ 1.00:1; NaCl adds on demand as the aggregate that solidifies the filling base material, regulates the concentration of compaction material by the add-on of NaCl;
Filling base material and consolidating material form mass concentration after 90 ~ 180 ℃ of lower mix and blends be 81% ~ 88% lotion.
Technical scheme under technical problem to be solved by this invention can also pass to further realizes.Above-described fill paste is characterized in: described NaCl for screening after broken, ore grinding out salt in harge granules or flotation tailings in contained NaCl, and by obtaining the NaCl solid after dehydration by evaporation; Described MgCl
2The bischofite MgCl that obtains after by dehydration by evaporation for mine tailing
26H
2O。
Technical scheme under technical problem to be solved by this invention can also pass to further realizes.Above-described fill paste is characterized in: filling base material and consolidating material form mass concentration after 90 ~ 135 ℃ of lower mix and blends be 81% ~ 88% lotion; Further preferably form mass concentration and be 81% ~ 88% lotion after 90 ~ 100 ℃ of lower mix and blends.
Technical scheme under technical problem to be solved by this invention can also pass to further realizes.Above-described fill paste is characterized in: MgCl in described semi-hydrated gypsum and filling base material
26H
2The mass ratio of O is 0.95:1;
Technical scheme under technical problem to be solved by this invention can also pass to further realizes.The invention also discloses a kind of method of utilizing the described fill paste of technique scheme to carry out consolidated fill, be characterized in, its step is as follows:
(1) first on ground with tail salt NaCl and MgCl
26H
2O is heated to 135～180 ℃, with MgCl
26H
2O is decomposed into MgCl
22H
2O and H
2Then O is transported to steel basin;
(2) consolidating material semi-hydrated gypsum CaSO
4H
2O is by to plaster of paris CaSO
42H
2O forms by rotary kiln device enure at the temperature of 107 ℃～170 ℃; Consolidating material is transported to after steel basin and MgCl
22H
2O, NaCl mix, and form uniform fill paste by stirring, and concentration is 81% ~ 88%;
(3) use pump pressure through filling pipe, fill paste to be transported to the down-hole; Filling pipe along the filling vertical shaft ,-100m main return airway road, section return aircourse, return air raise arrive the worked-out section.
In above-described placement method, the preferred double layer heat preservation pipe of described filling pipe.
Below technical solution of the present invention is further set forth.
One, compaction material is selected and proportioning
The present invention mainly utilizes sylvite or the tail salt of carnallitite ore after ore dressing processing as compaction material, and its main component is NaCl and MgCl
2NaCl be mainly screening after fragmentation, ore grinding out salt in harge granules and flotation tailings in contained NaCl, by obtaining the NaCl solid after dehydration by evaporation; MgCl
2Be mainly the bischofite (MgCl that mine tailing obtains after by dehydration by evaporation
26H
2O).
If only adopt this bi-material of tail salt to carry out filling, obturator can not well be cemented in worked-out section and be that dispersion state ultimate compression strength is low is difficult to satisfy the filling requirement.Therefore need to increase a kind of gelling material in compaction material, make its physics by self, chemical action compaction material is cemented to the hard integral body with some strength by lotion.
Semi-hydrated gypsum (CaSO is found in research by experiment
4H
2O) be a kind of effective consolidating material.The slurry that semi-hydrated gypsum and water mix and stir can form dihydrate gypsum again, setting and harden and obtain intensity in drying process; And material is extensive, and easily acquisition cost is cheap.
The reaction that compaction material solidifies in the down-hole can be expressed as:
n NaCl+3MgCl
2·6H
2O+4CaSO
4· H
2O= n NaCl+ 3MgCl
2·4H
2O+4CaSO
4·2H
2O
Can calculate MgCl in consolidating material semi-hydrated gypsum that needs add and filling tail salt according to above chemical equation
26H
2The optimum mole ratio of O is 4:3, and its optimum quality ratio is 0.95:1.
NaCl in tail salt can be used as the aggregate that solidifies obturator to be added as required, and regulates the concentration of compaction material by the add-on of controlling NaCl.
Compaction material can form firm obturator at worked-out section by physical-chemical reaction, more than its uniaxial compressive strength can reach 6 MPa, satisfies the filling in mine requirement fully.
Two, compaction material preparation
Ore dressing source mill tail salt out through after simple dense dehydration mainly with NaCl and MgCl
26H
2O is similar to existence, at first stores up in the tail salt pond for filling.At first tail salt is heated to 135～180 ℃ before filling and makes bischofite (MgCl
26H
2O) decompose.Reaction equation is: MgCl
26H
2O → MgCl
22H
2O+4H
2O。NaCl after decomposition and MgCl
22H
2O and high-temperature water are transported to stirred pot and consolidating material semi-hydrated gypsum (CaSO by pipeline
4H
2O) mix.Consolidating material plaster of Paris (CaSO
4H
2O), claim again the plaster of Paris, can pass through natural dihydrate gypsum (CaSO
42H
2O) be called again plaster stone, through calcining, levigate obtaining.
Compaction material mixes rear formation lotion and is transported to worked-out section by pipeline and carries out filling.The compaction material of preparation is NaCl, the MgCl of high temperature
22H
2O and CaSO
4H
2The high density slurry of O.Its concentration of compaction material mixture slurry is:
C=
NaCl adds in compaction material as aggregate, along with the increase compaction material concentration increase of NaCl ratio.According to the consolidated fill technical skill feature, when reaching 81% ~ 88%, paste consistency belongs to paste body filling.Paste body filling has slip good fluidity, degree of compactness is high, strength of filling mass is high advantage, therefore it is to the control effect of strata movement and subsidence advantage preferably.
The minimum concentration of compaction material slurry is:
C＞
NaCl and MgCl when compaction material concentration reaches 88%
2Ratio the highest,
NaCl and MgCl
2Ratio be: 0≤n≤3.48,
Its mass ratio is: the water-free MgCl of 0≤n '≤2.14(
2).
Three placement methods
Proportionally prepare the requirement that compaction material must satisfy continuously stirring, continuous feeding after by two-stage agitation.The feeding coal of concentration, flow, pressure and various batchings by controlling lotion prepares qualified lotion.
Carry lotion by the filling pipe route ground in filling borehole or development engineering to the down-hole pump pressure.Main filling pipeline is arranged in large lane, return air stage casing, by lateral, fill paste is transported to each panel mineral building.Pipeline must be incubated that in the filling pipeline, compaction material must keep certain temperature.The pipeline trend will keep avoiding fluctuated along the slope, and caliber can suitably change.At first a mineral building back production arranges fence when finishing to need filling, and because lotion concentration is high, mobile slowly therefore the fence requirement of strength is not high, can adopt the hollow brick masonry barricade.Then the thin-wall steel tube of with anchor pole, filling being used is suspended in the mineral building top board, and the retrusive filling is removed pipe according to filling limit, filling progress limit.
The present invention utilizes tail salt and consolidating material to be made into the lotion of high density, and is fixed by physical-chemical reaction after paste filling material is pumped into worked-out section, do not need dehydration in stope just can form the obturator with some strength.Fill paste of the present invention and method can be avoided the moisture softening destruction to ore pillar and country rock in the filling slurry, thereby effectively safeguard mining safety, prevention surface collapse and sinking; Simultaneously can greatly improve placement efficiency by the ointment pumping technology; take full advantage of ore dressing tail salt; reduced tail salt and stored up floor space, mining area surface and peripheral ecotope have been played effective protection, thereby have good economic benefit and huge environment and social benefit.This placement method had both avoided a large amount of saturated bitterns to the disadvantageous effect of stoping safety, had protected again the pre-collapse in ground and sinking, had fully utilized simultaneously the tail waste salt.
Embodiment
The below further describes concrete technology implementation scheme of the present invention.The cited embodiment of the present invention just describes preferred technique embodiment of the present invention, and be not be confined to cited several.
Embodiment 1, a kind of fill paste that utilizes the salt deposit exploitation tail salt, and it is take sylvite or the carnallitite ore tail salt after ore dressing processing as the filling base material;
The main component of filling base material is NaCl and MgCl
2, with semi-hydrated gypsum CaSO
4H
2O is consolidating material; MgCl in described semi-hydrated gypsum and filling base material
26H
2The mass ratio of O is 0.90:1; NaCl adds on demand as the aggregate that solidifies the filling base material, regulates the concentration of compaction material by the add-on of NaCl;
Filling base material and consolidating material form mass concentration after 90 ℃ of lower mix and blends be 81% lotion.
Embodiment 2, a kind of fill paste that utilizes the salt deposit exploitation tail salt, and it is take sylvite or the carnallitite ore tail salt after ore dressing processing as the filling base material;
The main component of filling base material is NaCl and MgCl
2, with semi-hydrated gypsum CaSO
4H
2O is consolidating material; MgCl in described semi-hydrated gypsum and filling base material
26H
2The mass ratio of O is 1.00:1; NaCl adds on demand as the aggregate that solidifies the filling base material, regulates the concentration of compaction material by the add-on of NaCl;
Filling base material and consolidating material form mass concentration after 135 ℃ of lower mix and blends be 88% lotion.
Embodiment 3, a kind of fill paste that utilizes the salt deposit exploitation tail salt, and it is take sylvite or the carnallitite ore tail salt after ore dressing processing as the filling base material;
The main component of filling base material is NaCl and MgCl
2, with semi-hydrated gypsum CaSO
4H
2O is consolidating material; MgCl in described semi-hydrated gypsum and filling base material
26H
2The mass ratio of O is 0.95:1; NaCl adds on demand as the aggregate that solidifies the filling base material, regulates the concentration of compaction material by the add-on of NaCl;
Filling base material and consolidating material form mass concentration after 180 ℃ of lower mix and blends be 84% lotion.
Embodiment 4, in embodiment 1 or 2 or 3 described fill pastes: described NaCl be after broken, ore grinding screening out salt in harge granules or flotation tailings in contained NaCl, and by obtaining the NaCl solid after dehydration by evaporation; Described MgCl
2The bischofite MgCl that obtains after by dehydration by evaporation for mine tailing
26H
2O。
Embodiment 5, a kind of method of carrying out consolidated fill with any one described fill paste in embodiment 1-4, and its step is as follows:
(1) first on ground with tail salt NaCl and MgCl
26H
2O is heated to 135 ℃, with MgCl
26H
2O is decomposed into MgCl
22H
2O and H
2Then O is transported to steel basin;
(2) consolidating material semi-hydrated gypsum CaSO
4H
2O is by to plaster of paris CaSO
42H
2O forms by rotary kiln device enure at the temperature of 107 ℃; Consolidating material is transported to after steel basin and MgCl
22H
2O, NaCl mix, and form uniform fill paste by stirring, and concentration is 81%;
(3) use pump pressure through filling pipe, fill paste to be transported to the down-hole; Filling pipe along the filling vertical shaft ,-100m main return airway road, section return aircourse, return air raise arrive the worked-out section.
Embodiment 6, a kind of method of carrying out consolidated fill with any one described fill paste in embodiment 1-4, and its step is as follows:
(1) first on ground with tail salt NaCl and MgCl
26H
2O is heated to 180 ℃, with MgCl
26H
2O is decomposed into MgCl
22H
2O and H
2Then O is transported to steel basin;
(2) consolidating material semi-hydrated gypsum CaSO
4H
2O is by to plaster of paris CaSO
42H
2O forms by rotary kiln device enure at the temperature of 170 ℃; Consolidating material is transported to after steel basin and MgCl
22H
2O, NaCl mix, and form uniform fill paste by stirring, and concentration is 88%;
(3) use pump pressure through filling pipe, fill paste to be transported to the down-hole; Filling pipe along the filling vertical shaft ,-100m main return airway road, section return aircourse, return air raise arrive the worked-out section.
Embodiment 7, a kind of method of carrying out consolidated fill with any one described fill paste in embodiment 1-4, and its step is as follows:
(1) first on ground with tail salt NaCl and MgCl
26H
2O is heated to 150 ℃, with MgCl
26H
2O is decomposed into MgCl
22H
2O and H
2Then O is transported to steel basin;
(2) consolidating material semi-hydrated gypsum CaSO
4H
2O is by to plaster of paris CaSO
42H
2O forms by rotary kiln device enure at the temperature of 140 ℃; Consolidating material is transported to after steel basin and MgCl
22H
2O, NaCl mix, and form uniform fill paste by stirring, and concentration is 84%;
(3) use pump pressure through filling pipe, fill paste to be transported to the down-hole; Filling pipe along the filling vertical shaft ,-100m main return airway road, section return aircourse, return air raise arrive the worked-out section, described filling pipe is double layer heat preservation pipe.
Embodiment 8, and a kind of fill paste that utilizes the salt deposit exploitation tail salt carries out the methods experiment of consolidated fill.
Certain carnallitite sylvite ore is positioned at Vientiane plain kalium-magnesium deposit district, and in the district, landform is smooth, and vegetation is luxuriant, and basic surface is that the Quaternary system unconsolidated formation covers, and ground mostly is village, rice field, forest land.Geographical position of living according to the mining area and inside and outside condition of technology and economy are particularly suitable for adopting Novel cream material cementing fill method to coordinate mining.Its reason mainly comprises:
(1) earth's surface need obtain strict protection.In the mining effect scope, its earth's surface major part is farmland and ground water system, adopts this filling rule can prevent effectively that the stope top board from reaching the inbreak of covering Quaternary system, and farmland and earth's surface facility can be effectively protected.
(2) to be that main kalium-magnesium deposit bed buries deep thickness large for carnallitite, and ore deposit rock ultimate compression strength is low, and Protodyakonov coeffic is 1 left and right, and property is crisp frangible, meets water electrode soluble.This stowing method can adapt to the feature of deposit mining technology condition, and timely filling mine tailing, prevent ore pillar and country rock avalanche after the extracting drift of less exposed area, safeguards back production safety.
(3) the mine tailing abraum salt can be fully used, and is conducive to the surface environment protection.If mine tailing is stored in ground, need takies a large amount of soils, and will form in the storage area area quite large artificial salt lake; If enter surface water body (river, river, lake, reservoir), polluted-water might cause ecological problem when serious.
(4) along with people deepen and the reinforcement of every country environmental protection policy the non-renewable understanding of Mineral resources; tail salt dry type consolidated fill method adopts and can be effectively protected to the ecotope of mining area surface and periphery; ground tailing pond floor space greatly reduces, thereby has good economic benefit and huge environment and social benefit.
Mine capacity is carnallitite raw ore 650,000 t/a.Annual abraum salt NaCl quantum of output is 28.36 ten thousand t, annual MgCl
2Quantum of output is 24.54 ten thousand t.Obtain NaCl and MgCl after the centrifuge dehydration of mine tailing process, evaporative crystallization
26H
2O is deposited in the tail salt pond temporarily.
According to MgCl in tail salt
2Content meter calculate and year need plaster of Paris (CaSO4 H
2O) amount is: m=24.54 ÷ 95 ÷ 3 * 4 * 145=49.94 ten thousand t
NaCl and MgCl in tail salt
2Ratio be:
n=（28.36÷58.5）/（ 24.54÷95）=1.88
Obtaining fill paste concentration in above ratio mixed filling material is:
C=
=
=83.37%
This compaction material concentration is fit to lotion and carries filling.
The ground Filling Station is at first with tail salt NaCl and MgCl
26H
2O is heated to 155 ℃, with MgCl
26H
2O is decomposed into MgCl
22H
2O and H
2Then O is transported to steel basin.
Consolidating material plaster of Paris (CaSO4 H2O) passes through the plaster of paris (CaSO42H
2O) form by rotary kiln device enure at the temperature of 130 ℃.Consolidating material is transported to after steel basin in MgCl
22H
2O and NaCl mix, and by forming uniform fill paste after stirred pot and the two-stage agitation of Double-shaft blade type stirrer, concentration is about 83.37%, is transported to the down-hole by the all-hydraulic parallel bars piston of PM pump pressure at last.Filling pipe along the filling vertical shaft ,-100m main return airway road, section return aircourse, return air raise arrive the worked-out section.And filling pipe is double layer heat preservation pipe, the filling vertical shaft ,-steel pipe of diameter 150mm is adopted in 100m main return airway road, section return aircourse for supervisor, be the pressure hose that arm adopts diameter 125mm at return air raise and stope, and stowing capacity can reach 60m
3/ h.
Minute adopt the back production filling method according to what mining was selected, begin filling after mineral building back production one deck finishes, at first ore removal route and return aircourse hollow brick shutoff prevents that fill paste from overflowing to level haulage tunnel or main return airway road.Then the flexible pipe of with anchor pole, filling being used is suspended in the mineral building top board, and the retrusive filling is removed pipe according to filling limit, filling progress limit.The next mineral building of filling after a mineral building finishes.Exploit the ore deposit, upper strata after reaching design strength after obturator is fixed on obturator.
Claims (6)
1. fill paste that utilizes the salt deposit exploitation tail salt is characterized in that: it take sylvite or carnallitite ore the tail salt after ore dressing processing as the filling base material;
The main component of filling base material is NaCl and MgCl
2, with semi-hydrated gypsum CaSO
4H
2O is consolidating material; MgCl in described semi-hydrated gypsum and filling base material
26H
2The mass ratio of O is 0.90 ~ 1.00:1; NaCl adds on demand as the aggregate that solidifies the filling base material, regulates the concentration of compaction material by the add-on of NaCl;
Filling base material and consolidating material form mass concentration after 90 ~ 180 ℃ of lower mix and blends be 81% ~ 88% lotion.
2. fill paste according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described NaCl for screening after broken, ore grinding out salt in harge granules or flotation tailings in contained NaCl, and by obtaining the NaCl solid after dehydration by evaporation; Described MgCl
2The bischofite MgCl that obtains after by dehydration by evaporation for mine tailing
26H
2O。
3. fill paste according to claim 1 is characterized in that: filling base material and consolidating material form mass concentration after 90 ~ 135 ℃ of lower mix and blends be 81% ~ 88% lotion.
4. fill paste according to claim 1, is characterized in that: MgCl in described semi-hydrated gypsum and filling base material
26H
2The mass ratio of O is 0.95:1.
5. a method of carrying out consolidated fill with claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 described fill pastes, is characterized in that, its step is as follows:
(1) first on ground with tail salt NaCl and MgCl
26H
2O is heated to 135～180 ℃, with MgCl
26H
2O is decomposed into MgCl
22H
2O and H
2Then O is transported to steel basin;
(2) consolidating material semi-hydrated gypsum CaSO
4H
2O is by to plaster of paris CaSO
42H
2O forms by rotary kiln device enure at the temperature of 107 ℃～170 ℃; Consolidating material is transported to after steel basin and MgCl
22H
2O, NaCl mix, and form uniform fill paste by stirring, and concentration is 81% ~ 88%;
(3) use pump pressure through filling pipe, fill paste to be transported to the down-hole; Filling pipe along the filling vertical shaft ,-100m main return airway road, section return aircourse, return air raise arrive the worked-out section.
6. method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described filling pipe is double layer heat preservation pipe.
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| CN103470304A (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2013-12-25 | 云南省化工研究院 | Method for recharging magnesium chloride mother solution into potash salt ore gob |
| CN103953389B (en) * | 2014-04-21 | 2016-04-13 | 化工部长沙设计研究院 | A kind of carnallite type potash salt ore goaf filling method containing tachydrite layer |
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