CN101842478B - 治疗多发性硬化的组合物 - Google Patents
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- CN101842478B CN101842478B CN200880113494.7A CN200880113494A CN101842478B CN 101842478 B CN101842478 B CN 101842478B CN 200880113494 A CN200880113494 A CN 200880113494A CN 101842478 B CN101842478 B CN 101842478B
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Abstract
本发明涉及包括针对多发性硬化相关抗原的Tr1细胞和用于治疗多发性硬化的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及治疗自身免疫疾病,诸如多发性硬化的领域。更具体地说,其涉及包括对抗多发性硬化相关抗原的Tr1细胞的药物。
背景技术
多发性硬化是中枢神经系统的脱髓鞘和慢性炎性疾病。这种疾病的组织病理标志包括CD4+和CD8+T细胞以及其它的炎性细胞在白质中的局灶浸润以及脱髓鞘作用,表现为一些轴突伤害。被认为是多发性硬化中免疫反应靶标的髓鞘蛋白包括髓鞘碱性蛋白(髓鞘碱性蛋白)(MBP)、蛋白脂质蛋白(PLP),髓鞘相关的糖蛋白(MAG)和髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白(MOG)。
已知对于人类有多种治疗多发性硬化的治疗方法。然而,没有能够治愈多发性骨髓瘤的治疗。尽管一些化合物,包括皮质甾类和修饰的β干扰素能够减少多发性硬化的一些症状,但是已经证实它们具有严重的副作用或已经表明长期服用疗效不理想。
WO 02/077025描述了一个有希望的多发性硬化的疗法,其公开了使用髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)的肽类似物。据报道,包括这些类似物的组合物能够缓解MS的症状,而没有过多的副作用。而且,也已经证实髓鞘组成性蛋白的肽类似物的使用对于治疗实验性变态反应性脑脊髓炎(experimentalallergic encephalomyelitis)(EAE)症状是有效的,实验性变态反应性脑脊髓炎是器官特异性免疫疾病,经常在小鼠上用作MS的模型。然而,二期临床试验已经停止,因为对测试剂量的改变的MBP耐受性弱(Bielekova等人,nature medicine,2000,(6)10:1167et Kappos等人,nature medicine,2000,(6)10;1176)。
EP0587735也描述了另一个有前途的多发性硬化的疗法。所述疗法基于推理:密集免疫暴露于与自体反应TCR片段相似的肽应该增强Th2细 胞引发/识别,由此有助于维持细胞因子对Th1介导的炎症的调节性控制。临床试验已经证实,病人对于Th1治疗具有可接受的安全和耐受性;然而,这种治疗只对50%的免疫患者有效。US2004/0087018描述了治疗需要治疗的患者多发性硬化的方法,其包括给予患者产生抗原特异性IL-10的细胞和可溶抗原,优选地同时给药。
本发明人惊奇地发现,给予对抗多发性硬化相关的抗原的Tr1细胞而不同时给予可溶性抗原,大大地抑制了免疫鼠中的EAE的发展。
因此,本发明人旨在根据Tr1细胞的施用提供另一种类型的多发性硬化的疗法。
发明内容
本发明涉及包括至少一个对抗多发性硬化相关抗原的Th1细胞群的组合物。所述多发性硬化相关的抗原优选地选自于包含以下的组:髓鞘碱性蛋白、髓鞘相关的糖蛋白、髓鞘少突胶质细胞、蛋白脂质蛋白、少突胶质细胞髓鞘寡蛋白、髓鞘相关的少突胶质细胞碱性蛋白、少突胶质细胞特异性的蛋白、热休克蛋白、少突胶质细胞特异性的蛋白NOGO A、糖蛋白Po、外周髓鞘蛋白22、2′3′-周期核苷酸3’-磷酸二酯酶。
本发明的另一个目标是提供包括本发明的组合物的药物或药物组合物。
本发明也涉及治疗需要治疗的患者多发性硬化的方法,其包括给予所述患者有效量的本发明的药物或药物组合物。在优选的实施方案中,将要给予到需要的患者的所述药物或药物组合物包括与所述患者的细胞自身同源的Tr1细胞。在本发明的另一个实施方案中,治疗需要治疗的患者的多发性硬化的方法包括给予所述患者有效量的本发明的药物或药物组合物和用于治疗多发性硬化的另一种治疗剂。
附图说明
图1:分化细胞的细胞因子分泌曲线。
经历分化方案的稚CD4+细胞用抗CD3+抗CD28单克隆抗体激活48小时。接着用ELISA检测培养物上清液中IL-4、IL-IO和IFN-γ的存在。
图2:抗MOG35-55CD4+T细胞施用在EAE易感小鼠中的作用。
具体实施方式
定义
本文中使用的术语“Tr1细胞”指在静息时具有表型CD4+CD25-FoxP3-、并且激活后能够分泌高水平的IL-10和低到中等水平的TGF-β的细胞。Tr1细胞通过它们独特的细胞因子性质表征:它们产生高水平的IL-10、显著水平的TGF-β和中等水平的IFN-γ,但是很少或没有IL-4或IL-2。细胞因子的产量通常在用T淋巴细胞的多克隆激活剂如抗CD3+抗CD28抗体或白细胞介素-2、PMA+离子霉素活化后的细胞的培养物中评价。可选地,用通过抗原递呈细胞递呈的特异T细胞激活后的细胞培养物评价细胞因子的产量。高水平的IL-10对应于至少大约500pg/ml,典型地大于大约1、2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18或20千pg/ml或以上。显著水平的TGF-β对应于至少大约100pg/ml,典型地大于约200、300、400、600、800或1000pg/ml或以上。中等水平的IFN-γ对应于由0pg/ml和至少400pg/ml之间的浓度组成的浓度,典型地大于约600、800、1000、1200、1400、1600、1800或2000pg/ml或以上。很少或没有IL-4或IL-2对应于少于约500pg/ml,优选地少于约250、100、75或50pg/ml或更少。
本文所用术语“受试者”指哺乳动物,尤其是人。
术语“抗原”在本文中指蛋白质或肽,其与使用本发明的细胞调节的特定疾病相关,或用于本发明的任何方法中。在一个实施方案中,术语“抗原”可以指合成获得的分子,或与目的抗原具有序列同源性的天然来源的分子,或其结合。在一个实施方案中,抗原可以是模拟表位。抗原片段指抗原的任何亚单位,其为更短的肽。抗原“变体”指与整个抗原基本相似的分子或其片段。变异抗原可以通过使用本领域公知的方法直接化学合成变异肽适宜地制备。
本文所用术语“受试者”指哺乳动物,尤其是人。
本文所用术语“有效量”指足以导致有益或期望临床结果(例如,临床病症的改善)的量。
本文所用术语“克隆”或“克隆群体”指来自单一分化细胞的分化细胞群。
本文所用术语“治疗”一般指试图改变正在被治疗的个体的自然进程的临床干预,可以在临床病理的进程中进行。期望的效果包括但不限于减轻症状、阻止、消除或抑制疾病的任何直接或间接疾病的病理后果(pathological consequences)、放慢疾病进展速率、改善或减轻疾病状态(disease state)、缓解或改善预后。
本文所用术语“自身免疫疾病”指针对自身抗原的免疫反应。
患有多发性硬化的患者可以通过建立临床明确的多发性硬化(clinically definite multiple sclerosis)诊断标准鉴定。简而言之,患有临床明确的多发性硬化的个体已经发生两次发作和具有两次病变的临床证据或一次病变的临床证据和另一次单独病变的临床关联(paraclinical)证据。明确的多发性硬化也可以通过两次发作证据和脑脊液中IgG寡克隆带(oligoclonal bands)或者发作、两个病变和脑脊液中IgG中的寡克隆带的组合诊断。麦克唐纳(McDonald)标准也可以用于诊断多发性硬化。麦克唐纳标准包括使用在没有多发性临床发作的情况下诊断多发性硬化中使用的CNS随时间损伤的MRI证据。可以用几种不同的方法评价多发性硬化的有效治疗。可以使用以下参数来度量治疗的有效性。两个代表性标准包括EDSS(残疾状态扩展评分(extended disability status scale)),和表现MRI加剧(核磁共振成像)。EDSS是对多发性硬化导致的临床病损分级的工具。对神经损害的类型和严重性进行8个功能系统的评价。简而言之,在治疗前用以下系统评价患者的病损:椎体、小脑、脑干、感官、肠和膀胱、视觉、大脑等。在确定的时间间隔进行重复。度量范围为0(正常)到10(多发性硬化导致的死亡)。一个完全步骤的减少表明有效的治疗。
恶化定义为多发性硬化导致出现新的症状并伴随着相应新的神经异常。另外,恶化必须持续至少24个小时并且之前为至少30天的稳定和改善。简单地说,医师要给予患者标准的神经学检查。根据神经学分级量表(Neurological Rating Scale)的变化恶化可以是轻度的、中度的或严重的。确定年恶化率和无恶化患者的比率。
对于这些测量值的任一个,如果在治疗组和安慰组之间无恶化和无复发患者的比率有显著的差异,就可以认为治疗有效。另外也可以测量最初恶化时间和恶化持续时间与严重性。在这方面治疗有效性的度量是同对照组相比治疗组的初始恶化的时间或恶化持续时间和严重性的统计学显著 差异。特别显著的是大于1年、18个月或20个月的没有恶化或复发的时间。
临床测量包括在一年和两年的间隔的复发速率和包括从1.0单位的EDSS基线值持续6个月进展时间的EDSS的改变。在Kaplan-Meier曲线上,病残持续进展的延缓表明了功效。其它的标准包括MRI上T2图像面积和体积的变化,钆增强图像确定的病灶数和体积。MRI可以被用于使用钆-DTPA-增强的成像来测定活动性病变(active lesions)或者使用T2-加权技术(T2-weighted techniques)测定病变位置和病变程度。简而言之,获得基线MRI。随后的各研究使用同样的成像平面(imaging plane)和同样的患者姿势(patient position)。可以选择定位和成像顺序以最大化病灶检测和便于病灶跟踪。在随后的研究中可以使用相同的定位和成像顺序。多发性硬化的存在、位置和程度能够由放射线学家确定。病灶区域可以通过片勾画出轮廓并计算总面积。可以进行三个分析:新病灶证据、主动病灶出现的速率、病灶区域变化百分比。治疗改善能够通过与基线相比的统计学显著的个体患者的改善或治疗组比安慰组的统计学显著改善建立。
多发性硬化的每个病例显示几个递呈方案之一和随后的进程。最常见的,多发性硬化首先本身展示一系列的发作随后显示完全或部分缓解,表现为症状神秘地减轻,经过一段时间的稳定,只有部分症状后来恢复。这称为复发缓解型多发性硬化(relapsing-remitting(RR)multiple sclerosis)。
原发进行性(Primary-progressive)(PP)多发性硬化特征为逐渐的临床衰退,没有明显的缓解,但是可以有暂时的症状稳定和轻微的缓解。
继发进行性(Secondary-progressive)(SP)多发性硬化开始为复发-缓解(relapsing-remitting)进程,接着为原发进行性进程。患者很少会具有进行性复发(progressive-relapsing)(PR)进程,在该进程中,疾病采取穿插有急性发作的进行性路径。
PP、SP和PR有时被归到一起称为慢性进行性多发性硬化。少数患者经历恶性多发性硬化,其定义为快速、持续强烈的的衰退,导致显著的残疾(disability)或甚至在疾病发作后很快死亡。
本发明涉及包括至少一个针对多发性硬化相关抗原的Tr1细胞群的组合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,Tr1细胞可以通过以下步骤获得:
a)从受试者分离祖细胞群,
b)通过在IL-10存在时培养所述祖细胞获得树突状细胞,
c)将步骤b)的细胞与分离自所述受试者的CD4+T淋巴细胞群在多发性硬化相关抗原存在下接触,使得针对所述抗原的CD4+T细胞分化为Tr1细胞群,和
d)从步骤c)回收Tr1细胞群。
在步骤b)中,培养基中存在的IL-10为50到250U/ml,优选为100U/ml。获得Tr1细胞的所述方法描述于Wakkach等人(Immunity 2003May;18(5):605-17)中。
所述方法也可以用地塞米松和维生素D3或进行耐受原化的或未成熟的DC代替步骤b)中的DC进行。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,Tr1可以通过以下步骤获得:
a)在含有合适量的IFN-α培养基中培养从受试者分离的针对多发性硬化相关抗原的CD4+T细胞群,和
b)回收Tr1细胞群。
IFN-α优选地以5ng/ml存在于培养基中。在步骤a)中,培养基进一步还可以包括适量的IL-10,优选地为100U/ml。
在步骤b)中,Tr1细胞群培养在包括IL-15的培养基中以实现增殖,在培养基中IL-15优选地为5ng/ml。获得Tr1细胞的所述培养基描述于专利US6746670中。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,Tr1细胞可以通过以下步骤获得:
a)在由人工抗原递呈细胞递呈的多发性硬化相关抗原存在下,体外活化CD4+T细胞群,和
b)回收包括至少10%Tr1细胞的活化CD4+T细胞。
优选地,人工抗原递呈细胞表达HLA II系统分子和人LFA-3分子,不表达共刺激分子B7-1、B7-2、B7-H1、CD40、CD23和ICAM-1。
所述获得Tr1细胞的方法描述于专利申请WO02/092793中。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,Tr1细胞可以通过以下步骤获得:
a)在存在多发性硬化相关的抗原和适当量的IL-10存在下,体外活化 CD4+T细胞群,和
b)回收Tr1细胞群。
优选地,100U/ml的IL-10存在于培养基中。所述的方法描述于Groux等人(Nature 1997,389(6652):737-42)中。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,抗原特异性的Tr1细胞可以通过以下步骤获得:
a)用多发性硬化相关抗原刺激白细胞群或外周血单核细胞群(PBMC),
b)从刺激的群中回收抗原特异性的Tr1细胞群,
c)任选地,扩增所述抗原特异性的Tr1细胞群。
白细胞包括几种类型的细胞,它们通过其重要性、分布、数目、寿命和潜力表征。这些类型为如下:多核或粒状白细胞,其中人们发现嗜酸性、嗜中性和嗜碱性白细胞,和单核细胞或外周血单核细胞(PBMC),其是大白血细胞并存在于免疫系统的细胞类型中(淋巴细胞和单核细胞)。白细胞或PBMC可以通过本领域技术人员已知的任何方法分离自外周血。有利地,为了分离PBMC,可以使用离心,优选地密度梯度离心,优选地不连续密度梯度离心。备选的是使用特异的单克隆抗体。在一些实施方案中,PBMC通常通过Ficoll-Hypaque装置用标准程序分离自全血制品(whole bloodproduct).在其它的实施方案中,PBMC通过白细胞除去方法回收。所述方法描述在专利申请WO2007/010406中。
在另一个实施方案中,Tr1细胞可以通过以下步骤获得:
a)在多发性硬化相关抗原存在下,用间充质干细胞培养白细胞群或外周血单核细胞(PBMC)群,
b)回收Tr1细胞群。
所述方法也可以用稚T细胞或记忆T细胞(memory T cells)代替PBMC或白细胞进行。
由此获得的Tr1细胞群可以被通过在细胞因子如白细胞介素-2和白细胞介素-4存在下培养来进一步扩增。可选地,白细胞介素-15和白细胞介素-13也可以用于Tr1细胞扩增培养。
在上述的方法中,Tr1细胞可以通过WO2005/000344中描述的鉴定方 法表征。所述Tr1细胞的鉴定方法的基础是检测编码CD4分子和来自包括CD18和/或CD11a和CD49b组的分子的基因表达产物的同时存在。可以通过Elisa、流式细胞术或使用针对所述标记的抗体的免疫亲和方法鉴定和/或纯化Tr1细胞。
Tr1也可以通过使用流式细胞术或磁珠的阳性筛选或阴性筛选富集。这些方法也描述于WO2005/000344中。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,针对多发性硬化相关的抗原的Tr1细胞可以通过WO2006/108882描述的体外方法扩增。所述方法包括:
a)在低于35℃的温度T1在培养基Mf中培养饲养细胞(feeder cell)如昆虫饲养细胞,所述温度T1使得饲养细胞增殖,并且饲养细胞表达与以下细胞表面蛋白相互作用的因子:
-CD3/TCR复合体,
-CD28蛋白,
-IL-2受体,
-CD2蛋白,
-IL-4受体,
b)将在步骤a)中获得的除去或没有除去培养基Mf的饲养细胞与在培养基Mp中含有的Tr1细胞群接触(其中所述培养基Mp初始不含有步骤a)所述的因子)以获得含有Tr1细胞群、饲养细胞和培养基Mp的混合物,
c)在至少为35℃的温度T2下培养在步骤b)获得的培养物,选择所述温度使得Tr1细胞群增殖而饲养细胞不增殖,
d)回收这样获得的Tr1细胞群。
与上述细胞表面蛋白相互作用的因子的实例包括:
-修饰的抗-CD3抗体,其中CD3重链的抗-CD3胞浆结构域被跨膜结构域取代,
-CD80或CD86蛋白,
-饲养细胞分泌的IL-2,
-CD58蛋白,
-选自包括IL-4和IL-13的群的白细胞介素。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,所述针对多发性硬化相关抗原的Tr1细 胞可以使用克隆T细胞的常规方法克隆。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,所述包括至少一个针对多发性硬化相关抗原的Tr1细胞群或针对多发性硬化相关抗原的至少一个Tr1细胞克隆可以被冷冻或保藏。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,所述多发性硬化相关抗原选自包括以下物质的组:髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)、髓鞘相关糖蛋白(MAG)、髓鞘少突胶质细胞蛋白(MOG)、蛋白质脂蛋白(PLP)、少突胶质细胞寡蛋白(OMGP)、髓鞘相关的少突胶质细胞碱性蛋白(MOBP)、少突胶质细胞特异蛋白(OSP/紧密连接蛋白11),热休克蛋白、少突胶质细胞特异蛋白(OSP)、NOGOA、糖蛋白Po、外周髓鞘蛋白(peripheral myelin protein)22(PMP22)、2’3’-环核苷酸3’-磷酸二酯酶(CNPase)、它们的片段、变体或混合物。
优选地,所述多发性硬化相关抗原选自包括以下物质的组:髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)、蛋白脂质蛋白(PLP)和髓鞘少突胶质细胞蛋白(MOG)肽和它们的肽、变体和混合物。
更优选的,所述多发性硬化相关抗原选自包括以下物质的组:HLA-DR2阳性对象的MBP 82-98、MBP 83-99、MBP 151-170。
更优选地,所述多发性硬化相关抗原选自包括以下物质的组:HLA-DR2阳性对象的MOG 35-55、MOG 21-40、MOG 41-60、MOG 71-90、MOG 81-100、MOG 111-130、MOG 63-37。
更优选地,所述多发性硬化相关抗原选自包括以下物质的组:HLA-DR4阳性对象的MBP 111-129、MBP 116-123。
更优选地,所述多发性硬化相关抗原选自包括以下物质的组:HLA-DR4阳性对象的MOG 21-40、MOG 97-108、MOG 71-90、MOG181-200。
本发明的另一个目的是提供包括上述组合物的药物。
本发明也旨在提供包括本文上述的组合物与一种或多种药物可接受的载体组合的组合物。
本文所用的药物可接受的载体是常规的。Osol,A编辑的雷明顿的药物科学第16版(Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences 16th edition,Osol,A.Ed.)(1980)描述了适于药物递送本发明的组合物的组合物和制剂。通常,载体 的性质取决于利用的给药方式。例如,胃肠外制剂通常包括包含药用和药学上接受的流体如水、生理盐水、平衡盐溶液、葡萄糖水溶液、芝麻油、甘油、乙醇和它们的组合的可注射流体如载体。载体和组合物可以是无菌的,并且配方适于给药方式。除了生物学中性载体,要给药的药用组合物可以含有少量的无毒助剂,如保湿剂或乳化剂,防腐剂和pH缓冲剂等,例如乙酸钠或脱水山梨醇月桂酸酯。所述组合物可以是液体溶液、悬浮液、乳液。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本文上述的药物或药物组合物基本上由至少一个针对多发性硬化相关抗原的Tr1细胞群组成。
如本文所用,“基本上由...组成”指药物或药物组合物,其中存在于药物或药物组合物的至少70%、优选75%、80%、85%或90%的细胞是针对多发性硬化相关抗原的Tr1细胞。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,本文上述的药物或药物组合物由至少一种针对多发性硬化相关抗原的一个Tr1细胞群或至少一个针对多发性硬化相关抗原的Tr1细胞群克隆构成。
本发明涉及使用本文上述的组合物用于制备治疗多发性硬化的药物或药物组合物。
本发明的一个目的也是一个在需要治疗多发性硬化的受试者中治疗多发性硬化的方法,其包括向所述受试者给予有效量的本文上述的药物或本文上述的药物组合物。根据本发明,本文上述的药用组合物或药物被用于治疗多发性硬化。
根据本发明,本文上述的药用组合物或药物被用于治疗多发性硬化。
根据本发明,本文上述的药用组合物或药物被在治疗多发性硬化中被使用。
根据本发明,所述药用组合物或药物不与可溶多发性硬化相关抗原组合使用。
根据本发明,所述药用组合物或药物不与可溶性多发性硬化相关抗原一起或组合给予受试者。
根据本发明,不需要用Tr1细胞针对的可溶性多发性硬化相关抗原共 同治疗。
组合物可以配制成胃肠外、肌内、静脉内、腹膜内、注射、鼻内吸入、肺吸入、皮内、关节内、鞘内或经消化道给药。
优选地,本发明的药物或药用组合物可以通过肌内、腹膜内或静脉注射或优选通过静脉注射直接注射到患者的淋巴结。
在治疗多发性硬化中有效的针对多发性硬化相关抗原的Tr1细胞的量取决于多发性硬化的性质,并且能够通过标准的临床技术测定。在制剂中使用的精确的剂量也取决于给药路线、疾病或病症的严重性,并且根据医师的判断和各个体的情况决定。可以从体外或动物模型试验系统获得的剂量响应曲线外推得到有效剂量。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,给予受试者104/kg到109/kg细胞并且更优选地大约106/kg细胞。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,当受试者的临床状态(clinical status)衰退(decline)显示发作(flare-up)时或当例如通过在中枢神经系统内MRI观察到炎性病变时给予药物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,给予受试者一次本发明的药物或药用组合物。
在本发明的第二个实施方案中,一个月给予受试者一次本发明的药物或药用组合物。
在本发明的第三个实施方案中,一个季度给予受试者一次本发明的药物或药用组合物。
在本发明的第四个实施方案中,一年给予受试者一次到两次本发明的药物或药用组合物。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,给予需要治疗的受试者的药物或药用组合物包括与所述受试者的细胞自体Tr1细胞。
这意味着将要给予受试者的Tr1细胞或用于产生Tr1细胞的其前体来自Tr1细胞将要被给予的受试者。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,用于治疗需要治疗的受试者中多发性硬化的方法包括给予所述受试者有效量的本发明的药物或药用组合物和一种或多种用于治疗多发性硬化的治疗剂的组合。
本发明涉及使用本发明的药用组合物或药物,其中给予所述受试者有效量的本发明的药物或药用组合物是与用于治疗多发性硬化的一种或多种治疗剂相组合。
通常用于治疗多发性硬化的治疗剂的实例为以下物质:
-干扰素,例如人干扰素β-1a(例如AVONEX(R)或Rebif(R))和干扰素β-Ib(BETASERON(TM);在17位取代的人干扰素;Berlex/Chiron);
-醋酸格拉替雷(Glatiramer acetate)(也称为共聚物1,Cop-1;COPAXONE(TM);Teva PharmaceuticalIndustries,Inc.);和衍生物,
-富马酸酯,例如富马酸二甲酯(例如,Fumaderm(R));
-Rituxan(R)(利妥昔单抗)或另一个抗-CD20抗体,例如与利妥昔单抗竞争的抗体或结合含有利妥昔单抗的重叠表位的抗体;
-米托蒽醌(NOVANTRONE(R),Lederle);
-化学治疗剂,例如克拉屈滨(clabribine)(LEUSTATIN(R)),硫唑嘌呤(IMURAN(R)),环磷酰胺(CYTOXAN(R)),环孢霉素-A,甲氨喋呤,4-氨基吡啶和替扎尼定(tizanidine);
-皮质甾类,例如甲基强的松龙(MEDRONE(R),Pfizer),强的松;
-免疫球蛋白,例如美罗华(Rituxan)(R)(利妥昔单抗);CTLA4Ig;阿伦单抗(MabCAMPATH(R))或达利珠单抗(daclizumab)(结合CD25的抗体);
-抑制素(statin);
-静脉用免疫球蛋白G(IgGIV),
-那他珠单抗(Nataluzimab)(Tysabri)抗-整联蛋白α-4抗体,
-口服CC趋化因子受体1拮抗剂BX471(ZK811752),
-FTY720(芬戈莫德(fingolimod)),
-人细胞因子或生长因子的抗体或拮抗剂,例如TNF、LT、IL-1、IL-2、IL-6、IL-7、IL-8、IL-12、IL-15、IL-16、IL-17、IL-18、IL-23、EMAP-I1、GM-CSF、FGF和PDGF。
-细胞表面分子抗体诸如CD2、CD3、CD4、CD8、CD25、CD28、CD30、CD40、CD45、CD69、CD80、CD86、CD90或它们的配体。
-FK506、雷帕霉素、麦考酚酸酯(Mycophenolate Mofetil)、来氟米特(leflunomide)、非胆固醇抗炎药物(NSAID),例如磷酸二酯酶抑制剂、腺苷 拮抗剂、抗血栓药、补体抑制因子、肾上腺素能药物、干扰通过本文所述的促炎细胞因子的信号转导的药物、IL-I[β]转化酶抑制因子(例如Vx740)、抗-P7s、PSGL、TACE抑制因子、T-细胞信号转导抑制因子如激酶抑制剂、金属蛋白酶抑制剂、柳氮磺胺吡啶、硫唑嘌呤(azathloprine)、6-巯基嘌呤、血管紧张肽转化酶抑制因子,
-三环癸胺(amantadine)、巴氯芬(baclofen)、罂粟碱(papaverine)、美其敏(meclizine)、羟嗪、磺胺甲噁唑、环丙沙星、多库酯钠(ocusate)、异妥英、丹曲洛林、去氨加压素、地塞米松、托特罗定(tolterodine)、苯妥英、奥昔布宁(oxybutynin)、比沙可啶、文拉法辛(venlafaxine)、阿密曲替林、六亚甲基四胺、氯硝西泮、异烟肼、伐地那非(vardenafil)、呋喃妥英、车前子亲水胶浆剂(psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid)、前列地尔、加巴喷丁(gabapentin)、去甲替林、帕罗西汀、溴丙胺太林(propantheline bromide)、莫达非尼、氟西汀、苯基偶氮吡啶二胺、甲基强的松龙、卡马西平、丙咪嗪、苯甲二氮、西地那非、安非拉酮和舍曲林(sertraline)。
目前所用的组合治疗的实例为:
-醋酸格拉替雷和舒喘灵,
-醋酸格拉替雷和二甲胺四环素,
-干扰素-β1a和麦考酚酸酯,
-BHT-3009和阿托伐他汀。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,治疗需要治疗的患者多发性硬化的方法包括给予所述受试者本发明的有效量的药物或药用组合物和一种或多种如下治疗剂:
干扰素-β、醋酸格拉替雷、米托蒽醌、环磷酰胺、甲氨喋呤、硫唑嘌呤或那他珠单抗。
本发明涉及本发明的药用组合物或药物的用途,其中给予所述受试者有效量的本发明的药物或药用组合物是与一种或多种以下治疗剂组合给药:干扰素-β、醋酸格拉替雷、米托蒽醌、环磷酰胺、甲氨喋呤、硫唑嘌呤或那他珠单抗。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,本发明也涉及治疗多发性硬化的治疗方法,其中本发明的药物或药用组合物要给予需要的受试者,其中受试者 对一种或多种下组的治疗剂不充分应答或不可能充分应答:干扰素-β、醋酸格拉替雷、米托蒽醌、环磷酰胺、甲氨喋呤、硫唑嘌呤或那他珠单抗。
本发明涉及药用组合物或药物的用途,其中所述受试者对一种或多种下组的治疗剂不充分应答或不可能充分应答:干扰素-β、醋酸格拉替雷、米托蒽醌、环磷酰胺、甲氨喋呤、硫唑嘌呤或那他珠单抗。
“没有充分应答”、或“不可能充分应答”指受试者实际的或可能的应答,其表明对于涉及的受试者,治疗已经或可能无效、有毒或不良耐受。
对多发性硬化的常规治疗诸如用一种或多种以下组的治疗剂进行治疗不充分反应或不可能充分反应的受试者能够用本领域技术人员公知的EDSS得分(残疾状态扩展评分)鉴定:干扰素-β、醋酸格拉替雷、米托蒽醌、环磷酰胺、甲氨喋呤、硫唑嘌呤或那他珠单抗。
实施例
在以下的描述中,所有的没有给出具体方案的实验根据标准的方案进行。
包括以下实施例以证实本发明的优选实施方案。本领域技术人员应该理解的是在以下实施例中公开的技术代表本发明者发现的能够良好实施本发明的技术,并且由此可以被认为构成其优选的实施方案。然而,本领域技术人员根据本公开内容会知晓在公开的具体实施方案上能够作出许多改变并且仍然能够获得类似的或相似的结果,不会偏离本发明的精神和范围。
实验程序
小鼠
C57B1/6小鼠获自于Janvier(Le Genest-St-Isle,France)、C57B1/6背景的MOG35-55特异-TCR转基因鼠保存在Pr.Liblau(Inserm U563, Purpan,Toulouse)实验室中。所有的小鼠为7-8周大小的雌鼠。
抗体和试剂
以下抗体用于小鼠细胞增殖和表征:抗-CD4(H129-19)抗-CD62L(Mel-14)(BD-Pharmingen,Le Pont de Claix,France)。MOG35-55肽来自Bachem(Voisin-le-Bretonneux,France)。IL-2购自Chiron公司(Emmeryville,CA, USA)。IL-4、IL-12和抗-IL12购自R&D系统(Minneapolis,USA)。
T细胞纯化和培养
用于T细胞培养的培养基是补充有FCS、Yssel介质(Yssel medium)和2-巯基乙醇(Sigma)的Iscove培养基(Invitrogen)。来自MOG35-55特异性TCR转基因鼠的脾细胞首先用FITC缀合的抗-CD62L和PE缀合的抗-CD4标记。接着,在FACStar SE(Becton Dickinson,France)上分选CD4+CD62L+T细胞。所有的群体经再次分析后纯度>98%。针对(directed against)MOG35-55的小鼠Th1、Th2和Tr1细胞在如下体外分化后获得:在24孔板中的4.106辐射的同系基因型脾细胞和MOG35-55肽(10μg/ml)的存在下培养2.5x105个分选的CD4+CD62L+T细胞。加入IL-12(20ng/ml)、IL-4(40ng/ml)加抗IL-12(5μg/ml)或IL-10(50ng/ml)用于将T细胞分别分化为Th1、Th2和Tr1细胞。将细胞培养在37℃、5%CO2下并根据需要在补充有IL-2(100UI/ml)(对Th1)和IL-2加IL-4(20ng/ml)(对Th2和Tr1细胞)的培养基上分裂。可选地,Tr1细胞也在补充有IL-10(5ng/ml)的培养基上分裂。在两或三周期间再次刺激T细胞群一次。
细胞因子分析
在48小时的抗CD3(10MG/ML)+抗CD28(1MG/ML)刺激的T细胞群的上清液上进行夹心ELISA。简单地说,在96孔平底板中用包覆抗CD3和可溶的抗CD28单克隆抗体活化5.105个细胞并在37℃、5%CO2下培养48小时。用抗IL-4(11B11)、抗IL-10(2A5)、抗IFN-γ(XGM1.2)、生物素抗IL-4(24G2)、抗IL-10(SXC1)、抗IFN-γ(R4-6A2)(PHARMINGEN BECTON DICKINSON)进行ELISA。
实验自体免疫脑脊髓炎
根据Cua等人描述的方案进行实验自体免疫脑脊髓炎(J.Exp.Med,1999)。简单地说,用2,5mg的小鼠脊髓皮内注射C57BL/6小鼠。在完全的弗氏佐剂(Complete Freund Adjuvent)中制备匀浆。2天后,给小鼠通过腹膜内给药注射200ng的百日咳毒素。在J8和J9分别用脊髓和百日咳毒素重复相同的免疫方案。从第10天开始每天评估临床分数并且0=无病、1= 尾部麻痹、2=后肢虚弱;3=后肢麻痹、4=后肢加前肢麻痹、5=垂死。在第9天静脉注射T细胞群(3.105细胞/小鼠)一次。
结果
抗MOG35-55T淋巴细胞的分化
我们首先分化来自分离于抗MOG35-55TCR转基因小鼠的稚CD4+T淋巴细胞群。所有来自这些小鼠的淋巴细胞携带在识别H-2b分子情况下递呈的肽MOG35-55特异TCR。在体外用辐射的脾细胞和MOG35-55肽分选和活化同系基因型稚细胞(CD4+CD62L+)。加入IL-12分化Th1细胞,加入IL-4和抗IL12单克隆单体分化Th2细胞,加入IL-10分化Tr1细胞。经过一周2到3次的刺激,收集细胞并检测在抗CD3+抗CD28刺激下细胞因子的产量。结果适于图1中。
我们观察到被认为在IL-10存在下分化的细胞获得典型的具有高IL-10和低IL-4产量的Tr1细胞因子产生图谱。分化细胞的IL-4刺激产生显示相同产量IL-4和IL-10以及没有IFN-γ产生的Th2细胞。尽管有显著的IL-10产生,但是分化细胞的IL-12刺激产生显示具有高产IFN-γ和无IL-4产生的Th1细胞因子产生图谱。
抗MOG35-55TR1细胞的体内抑制功能
我们接着评价分化的抗MOG T细胞群对小鼠实验自体免疫脊髓炎的影响。为此,在腹膜内施用百日咳毒素后第一天将C57B1/6小鼠用在完全的弗氏佐剂中的鼠脊髓匀浆(msch)免疫。在第8天和第9天分别用msch和百日咳毒素重复相同的方案。静脉注射抗-MOG Th1、Th2和Tr1细胞群,以在第9天免疫小鼠并且每天1次评价临床分数。图2显示抗MOG CD4阳性T细胞对实验脑脊髓炎的影响。我们观察到针对MOG35-55肽的Th1和Th2细胞对msch免疫诱导的EAE没有显著的影响。相反,给予抗MOG35-55Tr1细胞显著地抑制了免疫小鼠中EAE的发展。实际上,用针对髓鞘抗原的Tr1细胞治疗的小鼠发展轻度的尾部麻痹,由此对照小鼠发展后肢运动功能的丧失。重要的是,Tr1给药不但抑制了疾病的发展,而且也阻止了在没有经过T细胞治疗的动物中出现的复发。以前的研究(Barrat等人,J Exp Med,2002)表明抗卵清蛋白Tr1细胞能够阻止小鼠中EAE。 这些抑制效果只有在颅内滴注卵清蛋白才能获得,表明在脑中Tr1细胞特异的抗原激活是它们效应物功能的前提条件。我们由此需要评价自身抗原作为中枢神经系统的固有组分是否发挥抑制细胞活化剂的这样功能。我们的实验肯定的回答了这个问题,其表明针对髓鞘抗原的Tr1细胞能够体内抑制脑脊髓炎。MOG蛋白是这个脑炎小鼠模型中促炎细胞的靶之一。针对相同抗原的Tr1细胞抑制炎症的事实提示了炎性疾病的Tr1治疗能够直接靶向破坏耐受性的抗原。
Claims (9)
1.至少一个针对多发性硬化相关抗原的Tr1细胞群在制备用于治疗需要治疗的受试者中的多发性硬化的药物中的用途,其中所述多发性硬化相关抗原选自包括以下物质的组:髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)和髓鞘少突胶质细胞蛋白(MOG),其中所述药物不与可溶性的所述多发性硬化相关抗原一起或组合给予所述受试者,并且其中所述Tr1细胞在静息时具有表型CD4+CD25-FoxP3-,并且在激活后能够分泌至少500pg/ml的IL-10、至少100pg/ml的TGF-β、0pg/ml和2000pg/ml之间的浓度的IFN-γ和少于500pg/ml的IL-4或IL-2。
2.根据权利要求1的用途,其中给予需要治疗的受试者的所述药物包括与所述受试者的细胞自身同源的Tr1细胞。
3.根据权利要求1的用途,其中所述药物制备成给予需要的受试者104/kg到109/kg的Tr1细胞。
4.根据权利要求1的用途,其中给予所述受试者有效量的所述药物与一种或多种用于治疗多发性硬化的治疗剂组合。
5.根据权利要求4的用途,其中给予所述受试者有效量的所述药物与一种或多种下组的治疗剂组合:干扰素-β、醋酸格拉替雷、米托蒽醌、环磷酰胺、甲氨喋呤、硫唑嘌呤或那他珠单抗。
6.根据权利要求1的用途,其中所述受试者不充分应答下组的一种或多种治疗剂:干扰素-β、醋酸格拉替雷、米托蒽醌、环磷酰胺、甲氨喋呤、硫唑嘌呤或那他珠单抗。
7.根据权利要求1的用途,其中所述Tr1细胞群是Tr1克隆群。
8.根据权利要求1的用途,其中所述多发性硬化相关抗原选自包括以下肽的组:MBP82-98、MBP83-99、MBP151-170、MBP111-129和MBP116-123。
9.根据权利要求1的用途,其中所述多发性硬化相关抗原选自包括以下肽的组:MOG35-55、MOG21-40、MOG41-60、MOG71-90、MOG81-100、MOG111-130、MOG97-108、MOG181-200。
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- 2008-10-17 ES ES08838676.8T patent/ES2618583T3/es active Active
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- 2008-10-17 RU RU2010119505/10A patent/RU2492234C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-10-17 WO PCT/EP2008/064066 patent/WO2009050283A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-10-17 LT LTEP08838676.8T patent/LT2205720T/lt unknown
- 2008-10-17 PL PL08838676T patent/PL2205720T3/pl unknown
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2014
- 2014-07-25 JP JP2014151551A patent/JP2014221819A/ja active Pending
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2016
- 2016-10-28 US US15/336,832 patent/US20170042992A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2017
- 2017-03-03 HR HRP20170353TT patent/HRP20170353T1/hr unknown
- 2017-03-09 CY CY20171100305T patent/CY1118710T1/el unknown
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7122340B2 (en) * | 2000-10-04 | 2006-10-17 | Schering Corporation | Regulatory T cells; methods |
CN1893971A (zh) * | 2003-10-17 | 2007-01-10 | 贝勒医学院 | 用于增强cd8+细胞毒性t细胞应答和用于治疗多发性硬化的方法 |
EP1739166A1 (en) * | 2005-07-01 | 2007-01-03 | Institut National De La Sante Et De La Recherche Medicale (Inserm) | Obtention of food- or auto-antigen specific Tr1 cells from a leukocyte or PBMC population |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DK2205720T3 (en) | 2017-03-20 |
JP2011500645A (ja) | 2011-01-06 |
US9517253B2 (en) | 2016-12-13 |
EP2050814A1 (en) | 2009-04-22 |
LT2205720T (lt) | 2017-03-27 |
US20170042992A1 (en) | 2017-02-16 |
RU2010119505A (ru) | 2011-11-27 |
SI2205720T1 (sl) | 2017-04-26 |
AU2008313694B2 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
CY1118710T1 (el) | 2017-07-12 |
ES2618583T3 (es) | 2017-06-21 |
EP2205720A1 (en) | 2010-07-14 |
CA2702634C (en) | 2017-06-13 |
PT2205720T (pt) | 2017-03-13 |
AU2008313694A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
WO2009050283A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
CN101842478A (zh) | 2010-09-22 |
HUE032066T2 (en) | 2017-09-28 |
HRP20170353T1 (hr) | 2017-05-05 |
RU2492234C2 (ru) | 2013-09-10 |
EP2205720B1 (en) | 2016-12-14 |
US20100221219A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 |
CA2702634A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
JP2014221819A (ja) | 2014-11-27 |
PL2205720T3 (pl) | 2017-06-30 |
KR20100074286A (ko) | 2010-07-01 |
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