CN101812310A - High-efficiency lignite low-temperature dry distillation quality-enhancing process by using dry distillation coal gas as heat-carrying medium - Google Patents
High-efficiency lignite low-temperature dry distillation quality-enhancing process by using dry distillation coal gas as heat-carrying medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a low-temperature dry distillation process for coal, in particular to a high-efficiency lignite low-temperature dry distillation quality-enhancing process by using dry distillation coal gas as a heat-carrying medium. The process comprises a coal-preparing flow, a drying flow, a dry distillation flow, a heat source flow, a coal gas and tar processing flow and a semicoke cooling transfer flow; in the process, vapor self-generated by a drying tower is used as a drying medium, the coal gas of a generator is taken as a heat source to heat the self-generated dry distillation coal gas, and serves as a dry distillation medium, and the coal gas of the generator is used as fuel of a hot air furnace; the dry distillation semicoke is cooled in a cooling mode of drying fume exhaust plus semi water spraying; and condensation water is used for coke-quenching water, a gasifier of the coal gas of the generator and a tar cooling agent. The process has the advantages of producing high-index dry coal and dry semicoke, high-heating value coal gas and high-quality tar, having a flawless and high-efficiency energy recycling system, not using outside nature water, hardly discharging water to the outside, saving huge cost for sewage treatment, creating the maximum economic benefits for customers and having quite strong competitive power on economy, technology and market.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to coal low-temperature pyrolysis technology, particularly a kind of is the efficient brown coal low-temperature pyrolysis process for upgrading of heat-carrying matter with the dry distillation gas.
Background technology
At present, the flue gas that known brown coal low-temperature pyrolysis technology produces with hotblast stove is as drying and destructive distillation heat-carrying matter, and in the connection of whole process flow, energy utilization efficiency also has much room for improvement.There is following shortcoming in known brown coal low-temperature pyrolysis technology:
1. the flying dust in the flue gas enters processing coal, and causing processing ash content of coal increases.
2. hotblast stove air consumption coefficient is controlled when bad, and hot flue gas contains more oxygen, makes the possibility of coal dust, gas explosion increase the security of system variation.
3. if hotblast stove Mars enters the drying and carbonization system, ignition source be may become and whole drying, distillation system ignited, lead to disastrous consequence.
4. flue gas will enter in the dry distillation gas, have a large amount of rare gas elementes in the dry distillation gas, and the dry distillation gas calorific value is reduced significantly, have a strong impact on efficiency of combustion, the incendiary stability of destructive distillation gas and the heat energy utilization rate after the burning.
5. a large amount of water vapour of going out of brown coal drying have been taken away a large amount of latent heats of vaporization, have caused huge power loss, and a large amount of moisture fails to reclaim simultaneously.
6. wet quenching makes the semicoke secondary immersion after the destructive distillation, in order to reduce the semicoke water ratio, needs carry out redrying to semicoke, and redrying has caused the secondary pollution of lot of energy loss and water resources.
Summary of the invention
Problems such as the present invention is intended to solve traditional coal drying and the low-temperature pyrolysis process safety is poor, thermo-efficiency is low, big, sewage disposal expense height is polluted in big, the outer exhaust of coal gas inert fraction height, tar dustiness, and provide a kind of is the efficient brown coal low-temperature pyrolysis process for upgrading of heat-carrying matter with the dry distillation gas, it is that thermal source heats self-produced dry distillation gas and removes the destructive distillation brown coal with the producer gas, to reduce the content of rare gas element in the dry distillation gas, improve the calorific value of dry distillation gas; Do not adopt traditional hot-blast stove fume directly as siccative, but adopt self-produced steam as the security and the high efficiency of siccative to guarantee dehumidification system; Do not adopt conventional wet quenching mode, but adopt to do wet bonded method quenching, avoid semicoke secondary immersion phenomenon, save the redrying operation, save the redrying energy and avoided the secondary pollution of water resources.
The alleged problem of the present invention is solved by following technical scheme:
A kind of is the efficient brown coal low-temperature pyrolysis process for upgrading of heat-carrying matter with the dry distillation gas, and technical process comprises that flow process is carried in coal flow process, drying process, destructive distillation flow process, thermal source flow process, coal gas and tar treatment scheme, semicoke cooling fully.
A. be equipped with the coal flow process: raw coal sieves on the screening bed after entering crusher in crushing, and particle diameter is conveyed into drying tower between the coal of 3-25mm and carries out drying; Particle diameter is sent in the producer gas generator as gasified raw material less than the coal of 3mm; Particle diameter returns crusher continuation fragmentation greater than the coal of 25mm;
B. drying process: coal in the drying tower drying process spontaneous water vapor as siccative, drying agent fly-ash separator is processed into the clean water steam, this clean water steam separated into two parts, after a part is heated to specified temperature as siccative by the waste gas residual heat from hot tube heat exchanger, enter drying tower coal is carried out drying, siccative and coal carry out contrary distributary two backhaul heat exchange, and the temperature of siccative between two backhauls regulated by the incorporation that changes the high temperature drying agent; Another part clean water steam is introduced into the quenching jar and cools off vapour as quenching;
C. destructive distillation flow process: dried coal enters raises tiltedly that the dry distillation rate with regulation carries out destructive distillation in the reciprocating and turning-back formula dry distillation tower, dry distillation medium is the hot flue gas heating that produced by the hotblast stove self-produced dry distillation gas to certain temperature, and the destructive distillation product is high temperature semicoke, tar and dry distillation gas;
D. thermal source flow process: particle diameter is sent into less than the coal of 3mm and is carried out coal gasification course in the producer gas generator, after producer gas is drawn from producer, enter Combustion of Hot Air Furnace and produce high-temperature flue gas, high-temperature flue gas enters hot tube heat exchanger, heating is from the clean dry distillation gas at coal gas dust removal device rear portion, from hot tube heat exchanger draw in warm flue gas enter the agent of siccative interchanger heat drying, after the udst separation of hot-blast stove fume fly-ash separator, enter atmosphere then through chimney;
E. coal gas and tar treatment scheme: after dry distillation gas is drawn dry distillation tower, at first enter the dedusting of coal gas dust removal device, enter successively then except that tar device, inter cooler, coal gas desulfurization device and separate and purifying treatment, a purified dry distillation gas part enters gas holder and carries out the IGCC generating, and another part enters the hot tube heat exchanger heating and recycles as dry distillation medium;
F. flow process is carried in the semicoke cooling: the hot semicoke after the destructive distillation enters the quenching jar by the dry distillation tower basecoat and does wet in conjunction with cooling, at first, condensed water from the condensed water interchanger is sprayed onto on the hot semicoke, the water at low temperature steam that is used to self-desiccation agent fly-ash separator then washes away hot semicoke, enters the flood dragon dumper after hot semicoke is cooled to 200 ℃; Heat-eliminating medium leaves the quenching jar after the dedusting of quenching fly-ash separator is condensed to the heat release of producer gas generator vaporized chemical in the condensed water interchanger then, and condensed water then circulates and enters the quenching jar and be used for quenching water spray.
Compared with prior art, technical superiority of the present invention is embodied in following several respects:
(1) drying nest has adopted unique spontaneous steam drying system, and drying medium adopts clean cycle gas, has effectively utilized smoke evacuation sensible heat and induced-draft fan overbottom pressure.Simultaneously,, thereby reduced the quantity of drying medium, effectively reduced the blower fan power consumption, and avoided the Coalhotairfurnace ash content to enter the increase of the pit ash that moisture-free coal causes because the water vapour specific heat capacity is bigger.
(2) because water vapour is rare gas element, oxygenous hardly in the water vapor during closed cycle, there is not the possibility of blast in system.
(3) the drying medium closed cycle has made full use of drying medium steam discharge sensible heat, and the heat of heat drying medium is from the exhaust gas of hot-blast stove waste heat, and the heat energy utilization rate is greatly improved.
(4) in the dry distillation tower of this flow process, adopt the unique technology of dry distillation gas as the destructive distillation heating agent, quality of coke tar and caloric power of gas increase substantially, and have created good condition for the deep processing of tar and coal gas, and caloric power of gas can reach about 3500Kcal/Kg.
(5) retort process and drying process not only can independently be produced but also can integratedly be produced, and independent production both can diversify, and can be used as again and produce buffering, improve the continuity of producing, the influence of reduction accident to producing.Integrated production can be simplified Production Flow Chart, dwindles floor space.
(6) utilize interchanger that hotblast stove and drying installation are separated, prevent that Mars from entering moisture eliminator, the probability of avoiding explosion phenomenon to take place is for improving desiccant temperature, carrying out depth drying safety assurance is provided.
(7) type of cooling of dry smoke evacuation+half water spray is adopted in the cooling of destructive distillation semicoke, not only can improve the semicoke quality, can also save the rear portion drying process, and technical superiority is obvious.
(8) utilize semicoke cooling exhaust preheated air, recyclable waste gas residual heat obtains water coolant simultaneously, and water coolant reclaims and can be used for semicoke cooling water spray, producer gas vaporized chemical, tar refrigerant etc.Recycling of middle water purifies discharged gas fume significantly, reduced the entrained a large amount of noxious gas emissions of water vapour, simultaneously, the cyclically utilizing of middle water has saved a large amount of sewage disposal expenses, both improve the economic benefit of total system, improved its environmental benefit again.
(9) this technology can be produced high target moisture-free coal, dried semicoke, high heating value gas, high-quality tar, has to improve efficiently energy cycle and utilize system, provides high quality open interface for the degree of depth of product transforms.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow sheet of the present invention.
Among the figure: crusher 1; Screening bed 2; Drying tower 3; Siccative interchanger 4; Siccative fly-ash separator 5; Hot-blast stove fume fly-ash separator 6; Chimney 7; Producer gas generator 8; Hotblast stove 9; Hot tube heat exchanger 10; Condensed water interchanger 11; Fan 12; Pond 13; Quenching fly-ash separator 14; Dry distillation tower 15; Quenching jar 16; Coal gas dust removal device 17; Remove tar device 18; Inter cooler 19; Coal gas desulfurization device 20; Gas chamber 21; Flood dragon dumper 22 is transported burnt car 23.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples in detail the present invention is described in detail.
Referring to Fig. 1, be that the efficient brown coal low-temperature pyrolysis process for upgrading of heat-carrying matter is divided into coal flow process, drying process, destructive distillation flow process, thermal source flow process, coal gas and tar treatment scheme, semicoke cooling fully and carries flow process with the dry distillation gas.
Be equipped with the coal flow process: equipment comprises crusher 1, screening bed 2 and supporting coal transport unit, and it mainly acts on is to carry out sieve classification after the raw coal fragmentation, to be transported to different positions by different-grain diameter.Idiographic flow is: raw coal enters crusher 1 fragmentation back and sieves on screening bed 2, and particle diameter returns crusher 1 continuation fragmentation greater than the coal of 25mm; Particle diameter is conveyed into drying tower 3 between the coal of 3-25mm and carries out drying; Particle diameter is sent in the producer gas generator 8 as gasified raw material less than the coal of 3mm.
Drying process: equipment comprises drying tower 3, siccative interchanger 4, siccative fly-ash separator 5, and it mainly acts on is the part moisture of removing in the raw coal.Idiographic flow is: coal in drying tower 3 drying processs spontaneous water vapor as siccative (take away the moisture of separating out in the coal when siccative passes the coal seam and form dry water vapour), drying agent fly-ash separator 5 is processed into the clean water steam, this clean water steam separated into two parts, after a part is heated to specified temperature as siccative by the waste gas residual heat from hot tube heat exchanger 10, enter 3 pairs of coals of drying tower and carry out drying, siccative and coal carry out contrary distributary two backhaul heat exchange, and the temperature of siccative between two backhauls regulated by the incorporation that changes the high temperature drying agent; Another part clean water steam is introduced into quenching jar 16 as quenching cooling vapour.
The destructive distillation flow process: equipment relates to dry distillation tower 15, and its effect is that dried coal is carried out destructive distillation, to obtain semicoke, coal gas, tar products.Idiographic flow is: dried coal enters tiltedly to raise in the reciprocating and turning-back formula dry distillation tower 15 and carries out destructive distillation with the dry distillation rate of stipulating, dry distillation medium is the hot flue gas heating that produced by the hotblast stove 9 self-produced dry distillation gas to certain temperature, and the destructive distillation product is high temperature semicoke, tar and dry distillation gas.
The thermal source flow process: equipment comprises hot-blast stove fume fly-ash separator 6, chimney 7, producer gas generator 8, hotblast stove 9, hot tube heat exchanger 10, and its effect is to provide heat for coal drying, retort process.Idiographic flow is: particle diameter is sent into less than the coal of 3mm and is carried out coal gasification course in the producer gas generator 8, after producer gas is drawn from producer, enter hotblast stove 9 burnings and produce high-temperature flue gas, high-temperature flue gas enters hot tube heat exchanger 10, heating is from the clean dry distillation gas at coal gas dust removal device 17 rear portions, from hot tube heat exchanger 10 draw in warm flue gas enter the 4 heat drying agent of siccative interchanger, after 6 udst separations of hot-blast stove fume fly-ash separator, enter atmosphere then through chimney 7;
Coal gas and tar treatment scheme: equipment comprises coal gas dust removal device 17, removes tar device 18, inter cooler 19, coal gas desulfurization device 20, gas chamber 21, idiographic flow is: after dry distillation gas is drawn dry distillation tower 15, at first enter 17 dedustings of coal gas dust removal device, enter successively then except that tar device 18, inter cooler 19, coal gas desulfurization device 20 and separate and purifying treatment, a purified dry distillation gas part enters gas chamber 21 and carries out the IGCC generating, and another part enters hot tube heat exchanger 10 heating and recycles as dry distillation medium;
Flow process is carried in the semicoke cooling: equipment comprises quenching fly-ash separator 14, quenching jar 16, condensed water interchanger 11, pond 13, auger dumper 22, the burnt car 23 of fortune, it mainly acts on is to reduce the semicoke temperature, and the water vapour in the waste gas that condenses, qualified semicoke is delivered to storage Jiao Chang.Idiographic flow is: the hot semicoke after the destructive distillation enters quenching jar 16 by dry distillation tower 15 basecoats and does wet in conjunction with cooling, at first, condensed water from condensed water interchanger 11 is sprayed onto on the hot semicoke, the water at low temperature steam that is used to self-desiccation agent fly-ash separator 5 then washes away hot semicoke, enter flood dragon dumper 22 after hot semicoke is cooled to 200 ℃, will qualified semicoke be delivered to by the burnt car 23 of fortune then and store up Jiao Chang; Heat-eliminating medium leaves quenching jar 16 after 14 dedustings of quenching fly-ash separator are condensed to producer gas generator 8 vaporized chemical heat releases in condensed water interchanger 11 then, has not only reclaimed the large quantity of moisture in the heat-eliminating medium, and has reclaimed hot semicoke generation sensible heat.Simultaneously, vaporized chemical (air) obtains preheating, has increased the addition of producer gas generator steam gasification agent, and the hydrogen density in the producer gas is improved, and has improved the spatter property of fuel to a certain extent.Condensed water then enters quenching jar 16 and is used for the quenching water spray, thereby water circulation use in realizing saves the large amount of sewage processing costs.
The above-mentioned technical process of the present invention is by automatic controlling system, and the effect of automatic control system is that the critical technical parameter to the whole production flow process detects automatically, transmits, shows and regulates and control.
Claims (1)
1. one kind is the efficient brown coal low-temperature pyrolysis process for upgrading of heat-carrying matter with the dry distillation gas, and technical process comprises that flow process is carried in coal flow process, drying process, destructive distillation flow process, thermal source flow process, coal gas and tar treatment scheme, semicoke cooling fully, it is characterized in that:
A. be equipped with the coal flow process: raw coal sieves on the screening bed after entering crusher in crushing, and particle diameter returns crusher continuation fragmentation greater than the coal of 25mm; Particle diameter is conveyed into drying tower between the coal of 3-25mm and carries out drying; Particle diameter is sent in the producer gas generator as gasified raw material less than the coal of 3mm;
B. drying process: coal in the drying tower drying process spontaneous water vapor as siccative, drying agent fly-ash separator is processed into the clean water steam, this clean water steam separated into two parts, after a part is heated to specified temperature as siccative by the waste gas residual heat from hot tube heat exchanger, enter drying tower coal is carried out drying, siccative and coal carry out contrary distributary two backhaul heat exchange, and the temperature of siccative between two backhauls regulated by the incorporation that changes the high temperature drying agent; Another part clean water steam is introduced into the quenching jar and cools off vapour as quenching;
C. destructive distillation flow process: dried coal enters raises tiltedly that the dry distillation rate with regulation carries out destructive distillation in the reciprocating and turning-back formula dry distillation tower, dry distillation medium is the hot flue gas heating that produced by the hotblast stove self-produced dry distillation gas to certain temperature, and the destructive distillation product is high temperature semicoke, tar and dry distillation gas;
D. thermal source flow process: particle diameter is sent into less than the coal of 3mm and is carried out coal gasification course in the producer gas generator, after producer gas is drawn from producer, enter Combustion of Hot Air Furnace and produce high-temperature flue gas, high-temperature flue gas enters hot tube heat exchanger, heating is from the clean dry distillation gas at coal gas dust removal device rear portion, from hot tube heat exchanger draw in warm flue gas enter the agent of siccative interchanger heat drying, after the udst separation of hot-blast stove fume fly-ash separator, enter atmosphere then through chimney;
E. coal gas and tar treatment scheme: after dry distillation gas is drawn dry distillation tower, at first enter the dedusting of coal gas dust removal device, enter successively then except that tar device, inter cooler, coal gas desulfurization device and separate and purifying treatment, a purified dry distillation gas part enters gas holder and carries out the IGCC generating, and another part enters the hot tube heat exchanger heating and recycles as dry distillation medium;
F. flow process is carried in the semicoke cooling: the hot semicoke after the destructive distillation enters the quenching jar by the dry distillation tower basecoat and does wet in conjunction with cooling, at first, condensed water from the condensed water interchanger is sprayed onto on the hot semicoke, the water at low temperature steam that is used to self-desiccation agent fly-ash separator then washes away hot semicoke, enters the flood dragon dumper after hot semicoke is cooled to 200 ℃; Heat-eliminating medium leaves the quenching jar after the dedusting of quenching fly-ash separator is condensed to the heat release of producer gas generator vaporized chemical in the condensed water interchanger then, and condensed water then circulates and enters the quenching jar and be used for quenching water spray.
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| CN102199437A (en) * | 2011-04-23 | 2011-09-28 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Large-scale low-order brown coal upgrading tower |
| CN102277182A (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2011-12-14 | 清华大学 | Low-temperature dry distillation system and technology of solid heat-carrying low-grade coal |
| CN102329628A (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2012-01-25 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Large-size low-temperature destructive distillation system for low-order lignite |
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