CN211694912U - Pyrolysis incineration device for utilizing waste heat of high-temperature fly ash - Google Patents

Pyrolysis incineration device for utilizing waste heat of high-temperature fly ash Download PDF

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CN211694912U
CN211694912U CN202020074386.1U CN202020074386U CN211694912U CN 211694912 U CN211694912 U CN 211694912U CN 202020074386 U CN202020074386 U CN 202020074386U CN 211694912 U CN211694912 U CN 211694912U
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temperature
pyrolysis
fly ash
chamber
drying chamber
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张强
杨雨
曹多多
吴彬
王传新
谢志亮
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Jiangyin Quanneng Environmental Technology Co ltd
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Jiangsu Huineng Environmental Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

The utility model discloses a pyrolysis incineration device of high temperature flying dust waste heat utilization, the device comprises feeder, fluidized bed incinerator, cyclone, heat exchanger, mummification room, breaker, pyrolysis chamber, tar condenser, circulating pump and cooler. The high-temperature fly ash is subjected to secondary heat utilization by heat exchange and direct mixing respectively, so that energy is provided for the low-temperature drying and medium-temperature pyrolysis processes of the materials, the fuel characteristics are improved, and the combustion efficiency of the fluidized bed is improved. The device is high in heat utilization rate, energy-saving and environment-friendly, secondary incineration of partial fly ash can promote decomposition of dioxin, and the device is suitable for treating materials with high moisture and high ash content characteristics.

Description

Pyrolysis incineration device for utilizing waste heat of high-temperature fly ash
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solid waste recycling treatment, in particular to a pyrolysis incineration device for utilizing waste heat of high-temperature fly ash.
Background
The incineration technology is an efficient solid waste recycling treatment method, has the advantages of small occupied area, large treatment capacity, short period, high reduction degree and the like, and has the advantages that the degree of attention and the market share of the incineration industry are gradually increased compared with other treatment means such as landfill and land utilization. However, for some solid wastes with high moisture and ash content, such as sludge, domestic garbage, agricultural wastes, etc., the low calorific value is low, and it is difficult to stably maintain the solid wastes to be burned alone, and before burning, the solid wastes often need to be subjected to thermal pretreatment to dewater or improve the fuel characteristics. Therefore, how to use the waste heat generated in the incineration process to supply energy for the pretreatment process is the key point for further promoting the solid waste incineration industrialization.
Chinese patent CN 208186363U selects to utilize the flue gas waste heat, and the pyrolysis incineration flue gas of 110 ℃ flows back to the air supply system, replaces partial primary air and secondary air, plays the preheating role. Chinese patent CN 109485228A uses a waste heat boiler to perform heat recovery and utilization on high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion of a pyrolysis gasifier, the generated steam is used as a heat source for drying materials, and the low-temperature flue gas is used as a heat source for the pyrolysis gasifier after heat exchange again. Chinese patent CN 106439859 a developed a two-stage carbonization and incineration system, which provides heat for the second stage carbonization and the first stage carbonization with incineration and second stage carbonization flue gas, and realizes multi-stage utilization. Chinese patent CN 105733621A utilizes pyrolysis gas waste heat, and simultaneously also utilizes the heat exchanger to carry out waste heat utilization to the high temperature fly ash of 300 ℃, can heat the water source to 90-150 ℃, and the partial fly ash returns to the furnace chamber after cooling. Chinese patent CN 109556118A combines the drying, pyrolysis and incineration of materials in the same furnace, and directly supplies energy for pretreatment by using the heat generated by incineration.
Although the flue gas directly flows back to be used as a drying or pyrolysis heat source, the heat efficiency is high, the flue gas may corrode equipment in the circulation process, part of gas pollutants are also enriched, the difficulty of subsequent flue gas purification is increased, and the ultralow emission target is particularly difficult to achieve. For solid waste with high water content, when the flue gas is directly dried, a large amount of water vapor is evaporated to increase the flue gas treatment capacity. The utilization of the waste heat of the flue gas through the heat exchanger can avoid the increase of the difficulty of the flue gas treatment to a certain extent, but can reduce the heat recovery efficiency. Therefore, in order to further improve the thermal efficiency of the incineration system, direct thermal utilization of high-temperature fly ash is considered in view of the characteristic that much fly ash is generated in the fluidized bed incineration process.
Disclosure of Invention
For improving the system thermal efficiency that burns, realize the effective heat utilization of high temperature flying dust, this is novel to provide a pyrolysis of high temperature flying dust waste heat utilization burns device.
A pyrolysis incineration device for utilizing waste heat of high-temperature fly ash is characterized by comprising a feeder, a fluidized bed incinerator, a cyclone separator, a heat exchanger, a drying chamber, a crusher, a pyrolysis chamber and a tar condenser which are sequentially connected, wherein the feeder is connected with the fluidized bed incinerator; the fluidized bed incinerator is connected with the cyclone separator; the cyclone separator is communicated with the pyrolysis chamber through a high-temperature connecting pipe; the high-temperature connecting pipe penetrates through the heat exchanger, and the medium of the heat exchanger is heated by the high-temperature fly ash in the high-temperature connecting pipe; the drying chamber is provided with an inner layer and an outer layer, wet materials are placed in the drying chamber inner layer, and the drying chamber outer layer is communicated with the heat exchanger; the high-temperature connecting pipe is provided with a valve; the inner layer of the drying chamber is communicated with the pyrolysis chamber through a crusher, so that the material in the inner layer of the drying chamber enters the pyrolysis chamber after being crushed by the crusher.
And a conveyor belt is arranged between the material feeding port of the drying chamber and the discharging port connected with the crusher, and the condition that the material can be transported through the conveyor belt is met.
The valve is a three-way valve which is automatically controlled, and the requirement of adjusting the amount of high-temperature fly ash entering the pyrolysis chamber through the reaction temperature is met.
The fluidized bed incinerator is provided with a temperature regulator, so that the temperature in the fluidized bed incinerator can be maintained at 850-950 ℃, the temperature in the drying chamber can be maintained at 111-120 ℃, and the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber can be maintained at 400-449 ℃.
And a tar condenser is arranged between the fluidized bed incinerator and the pyrolysis chamber.
And a cooler and a circulating pump are arranged between the heat exchanger and the drying chamber.
The technical scheme has the advantages that:
1. the novel fluidized bed incinerator carries out secondary utilization on the waste heat of the high-temperature fly ash after incineration, firstly, heat recovery is carried out on the high-temperature fly ash by adopting water or air heat exchange to supply energy for the indirect drying process of materials, then, the fly ash with a certain temperature is directly mixed with the materials after drying and crushing to provide heat for the pyrolysis process of the materials, and mineral substances in the fly ash can also play a role in catalytic pyrolysis; in addition, tar generated by pyrolysis can be collected after being condensed to be used as a chemical raw material or an auxiliary fuel, pyrolysis coke can be used as a raw material for improving the combustion characteristic, and meanwhile, residual fly ash in the coke is favorable for decomposition of dioxin in the fly ash when entering the furnace for secondary incineration. Therefore, the device has the advantages of high thermal efficiency, strong combustion stability, energy conservation, environmental protection and the like, and is particularly suitable for treating high-moisture and high-ash solid waste.
2. This is novel under the condition that does not influence high temperature flue gas waste heat utilization, and is extra to carry out waste heat utilization to the high temperature flying dust, can increase the heat utilization efficiency of burning system. Meanwhile, the fly ash is subjected to pyrolysis and incineration successively, so that the catalytic effect can be achieved, the degradation of fly ash dioxin can be enhanced, tar and coke generated by pyrolysis can be used as combustion auxiliary raw materials, the stability of an incineration system is greatly improved, and the method is suitable for incineration treatment of high-moisture high-ash solid waste.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and obviously, the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a pyrolysis incineration apparatus for utilizing waste heat of high-temperature fly ash according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Examples
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the novel fluidized bed incinerator comprises a feeder 1, a fluidized bed incinerator 2, a cyclone separator 3, a heat exchanger 4, a drying chamber 5, a crusher 6, a pyrolysis chamber 7 and a tar condenser 8 which are connected in sequence, wherein the feeder is connected with the fluidized bed incinerator 2; the fluidized bed incinerator 2 is provided with an air inlet 12; the fluidized bed incinerator 12 is connected with the cyclone separator 3; the cyclone separator 3 is communicated with the pyrolysis chamber 7 through a high-temperature connecting pipe; the high-temperature connecting pipe penetrates through the heat exchanger, and the medium of the heat exchanger 4 is heated by the high-temperature fly ash in the high-temperature connecting pipe; the drying chamber 5 is provided with an inner layer and an outer layer, wet materials are arranged in the drying chamber, the outer layer of the drying chamber 5 is communicated with the heat exchanger 4, a heat exchange medium is water or air, the water or air is heated through heat exchange of high-temperature fly ash in the heat exchanger 4, and heat is provided for indirect drying of the materials after circulating to the drying chamber; the high-temperature connecting pipe is provided with a valve; the inner layer of the drying chamber is communicated with the pyrolysis chamber 7 through a crusher, so that the material in the inner layer of the drying chamber 5 enters the pyrolysis chamber 7 after being crushed by the crusher 6; the drying chamber 5 is provided with a feed inlet and a steam exhaust port, and the steam exhaust port prevents a large amount of steam from entering the hearth and increases the amount of flue gas.
The crusher 6 is provided with a feed inlet and a discharge outlet which are respectively connected with the drying chamber 5 and the pyrolysis chamber 7; the cyclone separator 3 is provided with an exhaust port; fans are arranged at the air inlet of the fluidized bed incinerator 2, the exhaust port at the top of the cyclone separator 3, the steam exhaust port of the drying chamber 5 and the tar condenser 8; the air-blower of 2 bottom air inlets departments of fluidized bed incinerator is for burning the oxygen suppliment, and 3 top exhaust port departments air blowers of cyclone take the flue gas out and carry out waste heat utilization and purification treatment, and the vapor that 5 vapor exhaust port departments air blowers of mummification produced the mummification in-process takes out and does the condensation and handle, and 8 department air blowers of tar condenser take out pyrolysis gaseous state products to the condensation collection of condenser completion tar to take out non-condensable gas component to the stove and burn.
Furthermore, a conveyor belt is arranged between a material feeding hole of the drying chamber 5 and a discharging hole connected with the crusher 6, the condition that the conveyor belt can be conveyed through a chain type conveyor belt is met, meanwhile, the drying time can be conveniently controlled according to the rotating speed, the drying surface area can be increased through continuous rotation, and the drying speed is accelerated.
Furthermore, the valve is a three-way valve which is automatically controlled, and the requirement of adjusting the amount of high-temperature fly ash entering the pyrolysis chamber through the reaction temperature is met.
Furthermore, a temperature regulator is arranged on the fluidized bed incinerator 2, so that the temperature in the fluidized bed incinerator 2 can be maintained at 850-950 ℃, the temperature in the drying chamber 5 can be maintained at 111-120 ℃, and the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber 7 can be maintained at 400-449 ℃.
Further, a tar condenser 8 is arranged between the fluidized bed incinerator 2 and the pyrolysis chamber; a cooler 9 and a circulating pump 10 are arranged between the heat exchanger and the drying chamber.
The novel working process is as follows:
firstly, sending single pyrolytic coke or a mixture into a fluidized bed incinerator 2 from a feeder 1 for combustion, wherein the mixture in the step can be a wet material and the pyrolytic coke, the water content of the mixture is not higher than 30%, and in addition, the wet material needs to be pretreated by a drying chamber 5 and a crusher 6 in sequence before entering a pyrolysis chamber; when the materials enter the fluidized bed incinerator, the bottom blower supplies air to the incinerator, and the bottom of the fluidized bed incinerator 2 is provided with an air distribution plate; the combustion temperature of the fluidized bed incinerator can be stabilized at 850-950 ℃ during combustion, high-temperature flue gas and fly ash generated in the combustion process enter the cyclone separator 3 and are separated in the cyclone separator, and the high temperatureThe method comprises the following steps that after flue gas is separated from an outlet at the upper end of a cyclone separator 3, waste heat utilization and flue gas purification treatment are carried out, high-temperature fly ash enters a heat exchanger 4 at the lower end after being separated, water or air in a heat exchange layer of the heat exchanger 4 is heated at the same time, the heated water or air is circulated to a heat exchange layer of a drying chamber 5 communicated with the heated water or air through a circulating pump 10 to provide heat for drying of wet materials, the drying temperature is kept at 110-120 ℃, steam generated in the drying process is discharged from an exhaust port of the drying chamber 5 and then is condensed, and a cooler 9 is connected between the circulating pump 10 and the heat exchanger 4 to avoid overhigh temperature of a heat exchange medium; then, a valve between the heat exchanger 4 and the pyrolysis chamber 7 is opened, so that the high-temperature fly ash subjected to primary heat exchange enters the pyrolysis chamber 7 and is mixed with the dried material crushed by the crusher 6 to generate pyrolysis reaction, the pyrolysis reaction temperature is controlled to be 400-449 ℃, and the feeding rate of the high-temperature fly ash can be controlled according to temperature feedback and an automatic three-way valve during working; finally, the gas generated by pyrolysis enters a tar condenser 8 to collect tar of condensable components, the collected tar can be used as chemical raw materials or auxiliary fuel, and the non-condensable components such as H2、CO、CH4And burning the coke in the furnace, wherein solid coke generated by pyrolysis after burning is used as a burning raw material to the feeder 1.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical scope of the present invention, which is within the technical scope of the present invention, and equivalent alternatives or modifications according to the technical solution of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof.

Claims (6)

1. A pyrolysis incineration device for utilizing waste heat of high-temperature fly ash is characterized by comprising a feeder, a fluidized bed incinerator, a cyclone separator, a heat exchanger, a drying chamber, a crusher, a pyrolysis chamber and a tar condenser which are sequentially connected, wherein the feeder is connected with the fluidized bed incinerator; the fluidized bed incinerator is connected with the cyclone separator; the cyclone separator is communicated with the pyrolysis chamber through a high-temperature connecting pipe; the high-temperature connecting pipe penetrates through the heat exchanger, and the medium of the heat exchanger is heated by the high-temperature fly ash in the high-temperature connecting pipe; the drying chamber is provided with an inner layer and an outer layer, wet materials are placed in the drying chamber inner layer, and the drying chamber outer layer is communicated with the heat exchanger; the high-temperature connecting pipe is provided with a valve; the inner layer of the drying chamber is communicated with the pyrolysis chamber through a crusher, so that the material in the inner layer of the drying chamber enters the pyrolysis chamber after being crushed by the crusher.
2. The pyrolysis incineration apparatus for high-temperature fly ash waste heat utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a conveyor belt is arranged between the material feeding port of the drying chamber and the discharging port connected with the crusher, and the condition that the material can be transported through the conveyor belt is met.
3. The pyrolysis incineration apparatus for high-temperature fly ash waste heat utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: the valve is a three-way valve which is automatically controlled, and the requirement of adjusting the amount of high-temperature fly ash entering the pyrolysis chamber through the reaction temperature is met.
4. A pyrolysis incineration device according to claim 1, wherein temperature sensors are arranged on the fluidized bed incinerator, the drying chamber and the pyrolysis chamber, so that the temperature in the fluidized bed incinerator can be maintained at 850-950 ℃, the temperature in the drying chamber can be maintained at 111-120 ℃, and the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber can be maintained at 400-449 ℃.
5. A pyrolysis incineration apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a tar condenser is provided between the fluidized-bed incinerator and the pyrolysis chamber.
6. A pyrolysis incineration apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a cooler and a circulation pump are provided between the heat exchanger and the drying chamber.
CN202020074386.1U 2020-01-14 2020-01-14 Pyrolysis incineration device for utilizing waste heat of high-temperature fly ash Active CN211694912U (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115041504A (en) * 2022-06-28 2022-09-13 光大环境科技(中国)有限公司 Harmless treatment process and system for waste incineration fly ash

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115041504A (en) * 2022-06-28 2022-09-13 光大环境科技(中国)有限公司 Harmless treatment process and system for waste incineration fly ash

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Effective date of registration: 20210617

Address after: No.23, Shanquan Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province

Patentee after: Jiangsu Huineng Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd.

Patentee after: Jiangyin QUANNENG Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd.

Address before: No.23, Shanquan Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province

Patentee before: Jiangsu Huineng Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd.

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Effective date of registration: 20231010

Address after: 214400 Power Plant Road East and Chengyang Road South, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province

Patentee after: Jiangyin QUANNENG Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd.

Address before: No.23, Shanquan Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province

Patentee before: Jiangsu Huineng Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd.

Patentee before: Jiangyin QUANNENG Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd.