CN113234490A - Gasification-based sludge comprehensive utilization system and treatment method - Google Patents
Gasification-based sludge comprehensive utilization system and treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113234490A CN113234490A CN202110564765.8A CN202110564765A CN113234490A CN 113234490 A CN113234490 A CN 113234490A CN 202110564765 A CN202110564765 A CN 202110564765A CN 113234490 A CN113234490 A CN 113234490A
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- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/13—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
- C10J3/56—Apparatus; Plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/86—Other features combined with waste-heat boilers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
- C10J2300/0923—Sludge, e.g. from water treatment plant
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0983—Additives
- C10J2300/0996—Calcium-containing inorganic materials, e.g. lime
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
- C10J2300/1643—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy
- C10J2300/165—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy integrated with a gas turbine or gas motor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
Abstract
The invention discloses a gasification-based sludge comprehensive utilization system which comprises a wet sludge storage bin, a sludge drying device, a fluidized bed gasification furnace, a gas-solid separator II, auxiliary fuel, a gasified gas condenser, a gasified gas purification device, a gas turbine, a waste heat boiler, a flue gas purifier, a chimney, a hot air chamber, a gasification agent, a steam condenser, a gas-solid separator I, an exhaust fan, a limestone bin, a Roots blower, a feeder I, a feeder II and an injection feeder; the invention also discloses a processing method of the system. The invention converts the sludge into the combustible gas by utilizing the gasification method, and then generates electricity and heat, the gasification has the characteristic of lower pollutant emission compared with the traditional incineration mode, the combustible gas does not need to be stored, the energy utilization efficiency is higher than that of the direct incineration of the sludge, the gasification efficiency is improved by utilizing the catalytic action of limestone, the pneumatic conveying mode is more favorable for preventing odor and dust emission of the dried sludge, and the system is simpler, more environment-friendly and efficient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste resource utilization, in particular to a gasification-based sludge comprehensive utilization system and a treatment method.
Background
With the increase of sewage discharge and the improvement of sewage treatment rate, the yield of solid products, namely sludge after sewage treatment is increased year by year, the problem of sludge treatment becomes an important problem of social attention, and the sludge treatment process capable of achieving volume reduction, harmlessness and recycling is actively researched and developed in the world. Currently, the sludge treatment technologies mainly include land utilization, sanitary landfill, incineration and the like, and some emerging treatment technologies are continuously developed, such as a sludge pyrolysis oil preparation technology, a sludge activated carbon preparation technology, a sludge brick making technology, a sludge ceramic preparation technology, a sludge gasification technology and the like.
The sludge gasification technology is a technology in which organic components in sludge are subjected to a series of reactions with a gasifying agent (steam, air, etc.) in a reducing atmosphere in a specific apparatus under a certain temperature and pressure condition, and finally combustible gas (containing CO, H2, hydrocarbons, etc.) is generated. Compared with other technologies, the sludge gasification technology has unique advantages: the effect of the gasification technology in volume reduction is remarkable; pathogenic bacteria in the sludge are killed, and most heavy metals can be solidified in the ash; the gas generated by gasification can be used for power generation or heat supply, and the energy utilization efficiency is high.
The sludge produced after sewage treatment usually has higher water content and very low heat value, so a large amount of auxiliary fuel needs to be supplemented when the sludge is directly used for gasification, and a large load is caused on a tail gas purification system, so the sludge needs to be dried to a greater degree before entering the gasification, the water content is reduced, and the energy self-balance in the sludge gasification process is achieved.
However, because the sludge contains a large amount of pathogens and toxic organic matters, the ash content is extremely high, the particles are small, the dried sludge has high dust concentration, is easy to emit odor, and has strong corrosivity. The first transportation mode has the defects that mechanical equipment is complex and large, malodorous gas is easy to disperse due to poor sealing effect, the environment of a plant area is severe, the occupied area is large, the noise is large, the operation is complex and the faults are more, and the equipment investment cost and the maintenance cost are high; the second transportation mode has poor environmental friendliness, severe working environment and great harm to human bodies, and is gradually eliminated. Generally suitable for direct landfilling or composting. If the dried sludge needs to be sent to an incinerator for further treatment, the dried sludge and fuel generally need to be mixed, mechanical conveying equipment such as a belt is arranged to be sent to the incinerator, and the equipment is generally open-air and poor in sealing performance. The dried sludge is easy to generate dust and odor in the conveying process, thereby causing environmental pollution.
Therefore, aiming at the requirement of sludge gasification, the development of a sludge drying and gasifying system which is simple in system, short in flow, environment-friendly and efficient is necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a system for carrying out more efficient gasification of sludge by utilizing a fluidized bed gasification furnace, which can stably carry out sludge drying and conveying, realize more efficient gasification of dried sludge, effectively control odor and dust diffusion, recover energy in the sludge to the maximum extent, reduce pollutant discharge of the sludge and overcome the defects in the existing sludge treatment engineering.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention provides a gasification-based sludge comprehensive utilization system which comprises a wet sludge storage bin, a sludge drying device, a fluidized bed gasification furnace, a gas-solid separator II, auxiliary fuel, a gasified gas condenser, a gasified gas purification device, a gas turbine, a waste heat boiler, a smoke purifier, a chimney, a hot air chamber, a gasification agent, a steam condenser, a gas-solid separator I, an exhaust air fan, a limestone bin, a Roots blower, a feeder I, a feeder II and an injection feeder, wherein the wet sludge storage bin is connected with the sludge drying device through a pumping device, a dry sludge outlet of the sludge drying device and a limestone outlet of the limestone bin are connected with the fluidized bed gasification furnace through the injection feeder, and a smoke outlet of the fluidized bed gasification furnace is sequentially connected with the gas-solid separator II, the gasified gas condenser, the gasified gas purification device, the gas turbine, the waste heat boiler, The gas turbine, the waste heat boiler and the smoke purifier are connected with the chimney;
the water vapor outlet of the sludge drying equipment is connected with the inlet of the first gas-solid separator, the outlet of the first gas-solid separator is respectively connected with the sludge drying equipment and the water vapor inlet of the steam condenser, the water vapor outlet of the steam condenser is sequentially connected with the exhaust fan and the fluidized bed gasification furnace, the hot end gas outlet of the steam condenser is connected with the cold end gas inlet of the gasified gas condenser, the hot end gas outlet of the gasified gas condenser is connected with the hot air chamber, the outlet of the hot air chamber is respectively connected with the fluidized bed gasification furnace and the gas turbine, the outlet of the auxiliary fuel is connected with the fluidized bed gasification furnace, and the hot medium outlet and the inlet of the waste heat boiler are respectively connected with the hot medium inlet and the outlet of the sludge drying equipment.
Preferably, the first gas-solid separator and the second gas-solid separator are cyclone separators, bag-type dust collectors or filter screens.
Preferably, the auxiliary fuel is coal or natural gas.
Preferably, the heat medium adopted by the waste heat boiler is water vapor or heat conducting oil.
Preferably, the gasification gas purification equipment is an electric tar precipitator or a spray tower.
The treatment method for comprehensively utilizing the sludge based on gasification comprises the following steps:
firstly, sludge in the wet sludge storage bin enters the sludge drying equipment for drying, evaporated water vapor is mixed with sludge particles brought out by the gas-solid separator II and returns to the dried sludge drying equipment, and the rest water vapor is condensed into liquid water by the steam condenser and then discharged to a sewage pipeline, and is sent to the fluidized bed gasification furnace through the exhaust air fan without condensing;
step two, the dried sludge is connected with a feed inlet of a jet feeder through a feeder I; limestone provided by the limestone bin is connected with a feed inlet of the injection feeder through a second feeder; the air inlet of the injection feeder is connected with the Roots blower, and the outlet of the injection feeder is connected with the fluidized bed gasification furnace. The dried sludge and limestone enter the fluidized bed gasification furnace through the injection feeder to react with a gasification agent, partial oxidation of the sludge provides energy required by gasification, and combustible gasification gas is generated after reaction;
removing entrained fly ash from combustible gasified gas by the first gas-solid separator, then performing heat exchange and temperature reduction by the gasified gas condenser, and then feeding the combustible gasified gas into the gasified gas purification equipment to remove impurities; the clean gasification gas enters the gas turbine to generate power, high-temperature flue gas generated in the gas turbine then enters the waste heat boiler, and the waste heat boiler heats the high-temperature flue gas, passes through the flue gas purifier and then is discharged from the chimney;
fourthly, the heat medium generated by the waste heat boiler enters the sludge drying equipment to provide heat for sludge drying, and the cooled heat medium is circulated back to the waste heat boiler;
and step five, after the gasifying agent is preheated by water vapor evaporated by sludge through the steam condenser, the gasifying agent enters the gasified gas condenser and is further heated by high-temperature gasified gas discharged by the fluidized bed gasification furnace to increase the temperature, the heated thermal gasifying agent enters the hot air chamber and is divided into two paths, one path of the heated thermal gasifying agent enters the fluidized bed gasification furnace to serve as the gasifying agent, and the other path of the heated thermal gasifying agent enters the gas turbine to serve as the oxidizing agent.
Preferably, the auxiliary fuel is added to the fluidized-bed gasification furnace in any one of the first to fifth steps.
Preferably, the bottom slag of the fluidized bed gasification furnace and the fly ash discharged by the first gas-solid separator are industrial raw materials.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
due to the design, while air, exhaust gas generated in the drying process and air used for conveying sludge are directly used as gasifying agents, odor gas brought by the exhaust gas can be removed, the odor treatment cost can be obviously reduced, the waste heat of the exhaust gas is recovered by a condenser, the drying energy consumption is reduced, and the moisture brought into a boiler by the sludge is reduced, so that the gasification efficiency of the gasification furnace is improved; the gasification equipment adopts a fluidized bed furnace, and the dried sludge only needs to ensure that the water content is below 30 percent and does not need to be granulated; the sludge is dried and gasified, and the combustible gas generated by gasification is fed into a gas turbine to be fully combusted, so that the advantages of reducing atmosphere in the gasification process and the characteristics of higher efficiency and cleaner performance of the gas turbine are fully exerted, and compared with the method of directly burning the sludge, the method greatly reduces the pollutant emission in the sludge treatment process; the generated gasified gas directly enters a gas turbine for incineration, a gasified gas storage tank is not needed, the investment and the operation and maintenance cost are reduced, and the safety is also improved; after being burnt, the gasified gas generates steam or heat conducting oil through a waste heat boiler, and the steam or heat conducting oil enters drying equipment to provide drying heat for the drying equipment and recover sludge energy; the dried sludge and limestone enter the gasification furnace at the same time, so that the catalytic and reductive actions of the limestone can be utilized, the gasification efficiency is greatly improved, and the pollutant emission is reduced; the pneumatic conveying mode is adopted for conveying the dried sludge and the limestone, the sealing performance is good, the odor and the smoke dust in the conveying process are prevented from overflowing, the noise is low, the conveying is easy to control, the operation is simple, the maintenance is convenient, and the occupied area and the cost by adopting other mechanical equipment are greatly reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the invention.
In the figure: 1 wet sludge storage bin, 2 sludge drying equipment, 3 fluidized bed gasification furnace, 4 gas-solid separator II, 5 auxiliary fuel, 6 gasified gas condenser, 7 gasified gas purifying equipment, 8 gas turbine, 9 waste heat boiler, 10 flue gas purifier, 11 chimney, 12 hot air chamber, 13 gasifying agent, 14 steam condenser, 15 gas-solid separator I, 16 exhaust fan, 17 limestone bin, 18 Roots fan, 19 feeder I, 20 feeder II and 21 injection feeder.
Detailed Description
The conception, the specific structure and the technical effects of the invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings so as to fully understand the objects, the features and the effects of the invention.
Example (b):
as shown in figure 1, the gasification-based sludge comprehensive utilization system comprises a wet sludge storage bin 1, a sludge drying device 2, a fluidized bed gasification furnace 3, a gas-solid separator II 4, auxiliary fuel 5, a gasified gas condenser 6, a gasified gas purification device 7, a gas turbine 8, a waste heat boiler 9, a smoke purifier 10, a chimney 11, a hot air chamber 12, a gasifying agent 13, a steam condenser 14, a gas-solid separator I15, a ventilation air blower 16, a limestone bin 17, a Roots blower 18, a feeder I19, a feeder II 20 and a jet feeder 21, wherein the wet sludge storage bin 1 is connected with the sludge drying device 2 through a pumping device, a dry sludge outlet of the sludge drying device 2 is connected with the feeder I19, the limestone bin 17 is connected with the feeder II 20, the feeder I19 and the feeder II 20 are respectively connected with a feed inlet of the jet feeder 21, the Roots blower 18 is connected with a feed inlet of the jet feeder 21, the discharge hole of the injection feeder 21 is connected with the feed hole of the fluidized bed gasification furnace 3, and the flue gas outlet of the fluidized bed gasification furnace 3 is sequentially connected with a gas-solid separator II 4, a gasified gas condenser 6, a gasified gas purification device 7, a gas turbine 8, a waste heat boiler 9, a flue gas purifier 10 and a chimney 11;
the water vapor outlet of the sludge drying equipment 2 is connected with the inlet of a first gas-solid separator 15, the outlet of the first gas-solid separator 15 is respectively connected with the water vapor inlets of the sludge drying equipment 2 and the steam condenser 14, the water vapor outlet of the steam condenser 14 is sequentially connected with the exhaust fan 16 and the fluidized bed gasification furnace 3, the hot end gas outlet of the steam condenser 14 is connected with the cold end gas inlet of the gasified gas condenser 6, the hot end gas outlet of the gasified gas condenser 6 is connected with the hot air chamber 12, the outlet of the hot air chamber 12 is respectively connected with the fluidized bed gasification furnace 3 and the gas turbine 8, the outlet of the auxiliary fuel 5 is connected with the fluidized bed gasification furnace 3, and the hot medium outlet and the inlet of the waste heat boiler 9 are respectively connected with the hot medium inlet and the outlet of the sludge drying equipment 2.
Specifically, the first gas-solid separator 15 and the second gas-solid separator 4 are cyclone separators, bag-type dust collectors or filter screens, so as to separate solid particles in odor with small solid particles.
Specifically, the auxiliary fuel 5 is coal, natural gas, or the like.
Specifically, the heat medium used by the exhaust-heat boiler 9 is steam or heat conducting oil.
Specifically, the gasified gas purification equipment 7 is an electric tar precipitator or a spray tower.
A treatment method for comprehensively utilizing sludge based on gasification comprises the following steps:
firstly, sludge in a wet sludge storage bin 1 enters a sludge drying device 2 for drying, moisture in the wet sludge is evaporated by indirect heat exchange of a heat medium (water vapor or heat conduction oil) in the drying process, the evaporated water vapor returns sludge particles brought out to the sludge drying device 2 through a gas-solid separator II 4, the rest water vapor is condensed into liquid water through a steam condenser 14 and then is discharged to a sewage pipeline, and the liquid water is sent to a fluidized bed gasification furnace 3 through a waste gas fan 16 without being condensed;
step two, the dried sludge and limestone enter a fluidized bed gasification furnace 3 to react with a gasification agent, partial oxidation of the sludge provides energy required by gasification, and CO and H are generated after reaction2、CO2And CH4The combustible gasification gas and limestone play roles of catalysis and purification, and the gasification efficiency is improved;
removing the entrained fly ash from the combustible gasified gas by a first gas-solid separator 15, then cooling by heat exchange of a gasified gas condenser 6, and then removing impurities in gasified gas purification equipment 7; the purified gasification gas enters a gas turbine 8 for power generation, high-temperature flue gas generated in the gas turbine 8 then enters a waste heat boiler 9, and the waste heat boiler 9 heats the high-temperature flue gas, passes through a flue gas purifier 10 and then is discharged from a chimney 11;
step four, the heat medium generated by the waste heat boiler 9 enters the sludge drying device 2 to provide heat for sludge drying, and the cooled heat medium is circulated back to the waste heat boiler 9;
and step five, after the gasifying agent is preheated by water vapor evaporated by sludge through a steam condenser 14, the gasifying agent enters a gasified gas condenser 6 and is further heated by high-temperature gasified gas discharged by a fluidized bed gasification furnace 3 to increase the temperature, the heated thermal gasifying agent enters a hot air chamber 12 and then is divided into two paths, one path of the heated thermal gasifying agent enters the fluidized bed gasification furnace 3 as the gasifying agent, and the other path of the heated thermal gasifying agent enters a gas turbine 8 as the oxidizing agent.
In any one of the first step to the fifth step, when the fluctuation of the sludge heat value and the moisture cannot meet the temperature required by the fluidized bed gasification furnace 3, the auxiliary fuel is added into the fluidized bed gasification furnace 3 to maintain the furnace temperature of the fluidized bed gasification furnace 3 at 850-900 ℃.
The fly ash discharged by the bottom slag and the first gas-solid separator 15 of the fluidized bed gasification furnace 3 can be further utilized as industrial raw materials after detection.
The system and the processing method thereof have the following characteristics:
(1) while air, exhaust gas generated in the drying process and air used for conveying sludge are directly used as gasifying agents, odor gas brought by the exhaust gas can be removed, the odor treatment cost can be obviously reduced, the waste heat of the exhaust gas is recovered through a condenser, the drying energy consumption is reduced, and the moisture brought into a boiler by the sludge is reduced, so that the gasification efficiency of the gasification furnace is improved;
(2) the gasification equipment adopts a fluidized bed furnace, and the dried sludge has the characteristic of uniform particles, so that the fluidized bed furnace is suitable for being adopted, and the dried sludge only needs to ensure that the water content is below 30 percent and does not need to be granulated;
(3) the sludge is dried and gasified, and the combustible gas generated by gasification is fed into a gas turbine to be fully combusted, so that the advantages of reducing atmosphere in the gasification process and the characteristics of higher efficiency and cleaner performance of the gas turbine are fully exerted, and compared with the method of directly burning the sludge, the method greatly reduces the pollutant emission in the sludge treatment process;
(4) the generated gasified gas directly enters a gas turbine for incineration, a gasified gas storage tank is not needed, the investment and the operation and maintenance cost are reduced, and the safety is also improved;
(5) gasified gas is burnt and then is subjected to steam or heat conduction oil generation by a waste heat boiler, and the steam or heat conduction oil enters drying equipment to provide drying heat for the drying equipment, so that sludge energy can be recovered to the maximum extent;
(6) the dried sludge and limestone enter the gasification furnace at the same time, so that the catalytic and reductive actions of the limestone can be utilized, the gasification efficiency is greatly improved, and the pollutant emission is reduced;
(7) the pneumatic conveying mode is adopted for conveying the dried sludge and the limestone, the sealing performance is good, the odor and the smoke dust in the conveying process are prevented from overflowing, the noise is low, the conveying is easy to control, the operation is simple, the maintenance is convenient, and the occupied area and the cost by adopting other mechanical equipment are greatly reduced.
The foregoing has described in detail preferred embodiments of the invention. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations can be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the inventive concepts are all within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A gasification-based sludge comprehensive utilization system comprises a wet sludge storage bin (1), a sludge drying device (2), a fluidized bed gasification furnace (3), a gas-solid separator II (4), auxiliary fuel (5), a gasified gas condenser (6), a gasified gas purifying device (7), a gas turbine (8), a waste heat boiler (9), a flue gas purifier (10), a chimney (11), a hot air chamber (12), a gasifying agent (13), a steam condenser (14), a gas-solid separator I (15), a ventilation air fan (16), a limestone bin (17), a Roots blower (18), a feeder I (19), a feeder II (20) and an injection feeder (21); the method is characterized in that: the wet sludge storage bin (1) is connected with the sludge drying equipment (2) through a pumping device, a dry sludge outlet of the sludge drying equipment 2 is connected with a first feeder 19, a limestone bin 17 is connected with a second feeder 20, the first feeder 19 and the second feeder 20 are respectively connected with a feed inlet of a jet feeder 21, a Roots blower 18 is connected with an air inlet of the jet feeder 21, a discharge outlet of the jet feeder 21 is connected with a feed inlet of a fluidized bed gasification furnace 3, and a flue gas outlet of the fluidized bed gasification furnace (3) is sequentially connected with a second gas-solid separator (4), a gasified gas condenser (6), a gasified gas purification equipment (7), a gas turbine (8), a waste heat boiler (9), a flue gas purifier (10) and a chimney (11);
a steam outlet of the sludge drying device (2) is connected with an inlet of a first gas-solid separator (15), an outlet of the first gas-solid separator (15) is respectively connected with a discharge hole of the sludge drying device (2) and a steam inlet of a steam condenser (14), the steam outlet of the steam condenser (14) is sequentially connected with the exhaust fan (16) and the fluidized bed gasification furnace (3), a hot end gas outlet of the steam condenser (14) is connected with a cold end gas inlet of the gasified gas condenser (6), the hot end gas outlet of the gasified gas condenser (6) is connected with the hot air chamber (12), an outlet of the hot air chamber (12) is respectively connected with the fluidized bed gasification furnace (3) and the gas turbine (8), an outlet of the auxiliary fuel (5) is connected with the fluidized bed gasification furnace (3), and a heat medium outlet and a heat medium inlet of the waste heat boiler (9) are respectively connected with a heat medium inlet and a heat medium outlet of the sludge drying device (2).
2. The gasification-based sludge comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first gas-solid separator (15) and the second gas-solid separator (4) are cyclone separators, bag-type dust collectors or filter screens.
3. The gasification-based sludge comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the auxiliary fuel (5) is coal or natural gas.
4. The gasification-based sludge comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heat medium adopted by the waste heat boiler (9) is water vapor or heat conducting oil.
5. The gasification-based sludge comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the gasification gas purification equipment (7) is an electric tar precipitator or a spray tower.
6. A treatment method for comprehensively utilizing sludge based on gasification is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, sludge in a wet sludge storage bin (1) enters a sludge drying device (2) for drying, evaporated water vapor returns sludge particles brought out to the sludge drying device (2) through a gas-solid separator II (4), the rest water vapor is condensed into liquid water through a steam condenser (14) and then is discharged to a sewage pipeline, and the liquid water is sent to a fluidized bed gasification furnace (3) through a ventilation air blower (16) without being condensed;
step two, the dried sludge enters a fluidized bed gasification furnace (3) to react with a gasification agent, partial oxidation of the sludge provides energy required by gasification, and combustible gasification gas is generated after the reaction;
removing the entrained fly ash from the combustible gasified gas through a gas-solid separator I (15), performing heat exchange and temperature reduction through a gasified gas condenser (6), and then feeding the combustible gasified gas into a gasified gas purification device (7) to remove impurities; the method comprises the following steps that purified gasification gas enters a gas turbine (8) for power generation, high-temperature flue gas generated in the gas turbine (8) then enters a waste heat boiler (9), and the waste heat boiler (9) heats the high-temperature flue gas, passes through a flue gas purifier (10) and then is discharged from a chimney (11);
step four, the heat medium generated by the waste heat boiler (9) enters the sludge drying equipment (2) to provide heat for sludge drying, and the cooled heat medium is circulated back to the waste heat boiler (9);
and step five, after the gasifying agent is preheated by water vapor evaporated by sludge through the steam condenser (14), the gasifying agent enters the gasified gas condenser (6) and is further heated by high-temperature gasified gas discharged by the fluidized bed gasification furnace (3) to increase the temperature, the heated gasifying agent enters the hot air chamber (12) and then is divided into two paths, one path of the gasifying agent enters the fluidized bed gasification furnace (3) to be used as the gasifying agent, and the other path of the gasifying agent enters the gas turbine (8) to be used as the oxidant.
7. The gasification-based sludge comprehensive utilization treatment method according to claim 6, characterized in that: in any one of the first to fifth steps, an auxiliary fuel (5) is added to the fluidized-bed gasification furnace (3).
8. The gasification-based sludge comprehensive utilization treatment method according to claim 6, characterized in that: the bottom slag of the fluidized bed gasification furnace (3) and the fly ash discharged by the gas-solid separator I (15) are industrial raw materials.
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