CN112062435B - Oil sludge pyrolysis treatment device and process thereof - Google Patents
Oil sludge pyrolysis treatment device and process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112062435B CN112062435B CN202010878650.1A CN202010878650A CN112062435B CN 112062435 B CN112062435 B CN 112062435B CN 202010878650 A CN202010878650 A CN 202010878650A CN 112062435 B CN112062435 B CN 112062435B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D50/00—Combinations of methods or devices for separating particles from gases or vapours
- B01D50/20—Combinations of devices covered by groups B01D45/00 and B01D46/00
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/38—Removing components of undefined structure
- B01D53/40—Acidic components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/40—Valorisation of by-products of wastewater, sewage or sludge processing
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Abstract
The invention discloses an oil sludge pyrolysis treatment device and a process thereof, wherein the treatment device comprises an oil sludge pyrolysis system, a pyrolysis gas circulation system, a flue gas waste heat recovery system and a flue gas treatment system; the oil sludge pyrolysis system comprises a pyrolysis kiln, an oil sludge feeding screw and a combustion chamber; the pyrolysis gas circulation system comprises a cyclone separator and a pyrolysis gas circulation fan, and the pyrolysis gas circulation fan is connected with the combustion chamber; the flue gas waste heat recovery system comprises a burnout chamber, a waste heat boiler and an air preheater; the air outlet of the air preheater is connected with a first combustion fan and a second combustion fan; the first combustion fan is connected with the combustion chamber, and the second combustion fan is connected with the burnout chamber; the flue gas treatment system comprises flue gas purification equipment and flue gas emission equipment. The pyrolysis treatment device for the oil sludge can effectively treat the oil-containing sludge, has the comprehensive advantages of low treatment cost, high treatment degree, low energy consumption and the like, and can reduce the petroleum content in the oil-containing sludge to below 0.3 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil sludge treatment, in particular to an oil sludge pyrolysis treatment device and an oil sludge pyrolysis treatment process.
Background
The oily sludge refers to oily solid waste generated in the process of petroleum exploitation, transportation, refining and oily sewage treatment. The oily sludge produced in petrochemical industry often contains a large amount of petroleum, benzene, phenol, anthracene and other toxic and harmful substances, if not treated in time, the stacking or landfill of the oily sludge not only occupies a large amount of cultivated land, but also causes serious pollution to surrounding soil, water body and air. Meanwhile, considering that the oily sludge is already classified as dangerous waste by the country, if the oily sludge is not treated to eliminate hazard factors, the sustainable development of enterprises can be greatly influenced. Thus, the treatment of oily sludge is required, either from social environmental factors or from factors of sustainability development of the enterprise itself.
At present, the treatment method of the oily sludge mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) Landfill method: the method comprises the steps of directly burying oily sludge into a special sludge storage pit by selecting a proper geographic position, and then filling and leveling by earthwork to restore the original landform;
(2) Direct incineration: directly adopting high-temperature incineration in a special incinerator to reduce and harmlessly treat the oil-containing sludge;
(3) Biological method: harmless treatment of oily sludge by a land cultivation method, a composting method, a sludge bioreactor method and the like.
The above schemes are comprehensively analyzed, and the first scheme has the advantages of small investment, convenience, direct use and the like, but can easily cause soil and environmental pollution around a landfill for a long time so as to seriously harm the health and sustainable development of human beings; the second scheme has the advantages of high treatment speed, high reduction degree, more thorough harmless degree and the like, but also has the disadvantages of high treatment cost, high process energy consumption, easy porcelain coking of the discharged dry soil and higher technical requirements; the third scheme has the advantages of small primary investment, low treatment cost, capability of effectively controlling pollutant transfer and the like, but also has the defects of larger influence by environmental factors, long treatment time, higher special selectivity of high-efficiency microorganisms and no general application.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an oil sludge pyrolysis treatment device which solves the conventional problems, can effectively treat oil-containing sludge and has the comprehensive advantages of low treatment cost, high treatment degree, low energy consumption and the like.
The invention also provides an oil sludge pyrolysis treatment process.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the device comprises an oil sludge pyrolysis system, a pyrolysis gas circulation system, a flue gas waste heat recovery system and a flue gas treatment system which are connected in sequence;
the oil sludge pyrolysis system comprises a pyrolysis kiln, an oil sludge feeding screw and a combustion chamber, wherein the oil sludge feeding screw is connected to the pyrolysis kiln; the pyrolysis kiln is provided with an oil sludge inlet, a high-temperature gas inlet and a pyrolysis gas outlet; the high-temperature gas inlet is connected with a hot flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber;
the pyrolysis gas circulation system comprises a cyclone separator connected with the pyrolysis gas outlet and a pyrolysis gas circulation fan connected with the outlet of the cyclone separator; the outlet of the high-temperature pyrolysis gas circulating fan is connected with the circulating pyrolysis gas inlet of the combustion chamber;
the flue gas waste heat recovery system comprises a burnout chamber connected with the outlet of the cyclone separator, a waste heat boiler connected with the flue gas outlet of the burnout chamber and an air preheater connected with the flue gas outlet of the waste heat boiler; a first combustion fan and a second combustion fan which are arranged in parallel are arranged on an air outlet pipeline of the air preheater; the outlet of the first combustion fan is connected with the combustion air inlet of the combustion chamber, and the outlet of the second combustion fan is connected with the combustion air inlet of the burnout chamber;
the flue gas treatment system comprises flue gas purification equipment and flue gas emission equipment which are connected with a flue gas outlet of the air preheater.
Preferably, the sludge inlet is located at an end of the pyrolysis kiln close to the pyrolysis gas outlet, and the high-temperature gas inlet is located at an end of the pyrolysis kiln far from the pyrolysis gas outlet.
Preferably, the combustion chamber is also connected with a first combustion-supporting fan and a first fuel inlet pipe; the circulating pyrolysis gas inlet and the outlet of the first combustion-supporting fan are both positioned on the body of the combustion chamber, and the first fuel inlet pipe and the outlet of the first combustion fan are both connected with the burner of the combustion chamber.
Preferably, the burnout chamber is also connected with a second combustion-supporting fan and a second fuel inlet pipe; the inlet of the second combustion-supporting fan and the pyrolysis gas inlet of the burnout chamber are respectively positioned at two sides of the burnout chamber, and the outlets of the second fuel inlet pipe and the second combustion fan are connected with the burner of the burnout chamber.
Preferably, a boiler ash discharge valve is arranged on an ash discharge port of the waste heat boiler; and a dry soil discharge port is arranged at one end of the pyrolysis kiln, which is close to the combustion chamber.
Preferably, the flue gas purifying device comprises a semi-dry deacidification tower and a cloth bag dust remover which are connected in sequence; an alkali liquor spray gun and an emergency water supply spray gun are arranged on the semi-dry deacidification tower; the alkali liquor spray gun is connected with an alkali liquor input pipe and an atomization air pipe, and the atomization air pipe is used for atomizing alkali liquor in the alkali liquor input pipe; the emergency water supply spray gun is connected with a compressed air pipe and a water input pipe, and the compressed air pipe is used for pressurized atomization of water in the water input pipe and conveying the water to the emergency water supply spray gun.
Preferably, a cloth bag dust discharging valve is arranged on the dust discharging hole of the cloth bag dust collector.
Preferably, the flue gas emission device is connected with the bag-type dust collector, the flue gas emission device comprises a flue gas induced draft fan and a chimney connected with the flue gas induced draft fan, and the induced draft fan is used for extracting flue gas after dust removal in the bag-type dust collector and sending the flue gas into the chimney for high-altitude emission.
The invention also provides an oil sludge pyrolysis treatment process, which comprises the following steps:
s1: spiral conveying the oily sludge to a pyrolysis kiln through an oily sludge feeding; the combustion chamber supplies heat to the pyrolysis kiln, and hot flue gas generated by combustion of the combustion chamber is pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis kiln in a countercurrent direct contact mode with the oil sludge; discharging the pyrolyzed dry soil from the lower part of the pyrolysis kiln;
s2: pyrolysis gas generated after pyrolysis of the oil sludge is discharged to a cyclone separator through a pyrolysis gas outlet of a pyrolysis kiln to carry out dust removal treatment;
s3: the pyrolysis gas treated by the cyclone separator is divided into two parts; a part of pyrolysis gas is pumped to a combustion chamber by a pyrolysis gas circulating fan and is used as fuel for combustion; the other part of pyrolysis gas enters a burnout chamber for combustion to obtain high-temperature flue gas;
s4: the high-temperature flue gas enters a waste heat boiler to carry out heat recovery and is used for generating steam;
s5: the high-temperature flue gas from the waste heat boiler enters an air preheater again, and the heat in the flue gas is continuously recovered and is used for heating combustion air; the heated combustion air is divided into two paths, and one path of combustion air is conveyed to the combustion chamber through the first combustion fan; the other path of combustion air is conveyed to the burnout chamber through a second combustion fan;
s6: and outputting the heat-exchanged flue gas to a flue gas treatment system, and discharging the flue gas after purification treatment.
Preferably, in the step S1, the temperature of a hot flue gas inlet of the pyrolysis kiln is controlled to be 600-1100 ℃, the temperature of a pyrolysis gas outlet of the pyrolysis kiln is controlled to be 200-400 ℃, and the operation pressure of the pyrolysis kiln is negative pressure; in the step S3, the operation temperature of the burnout chamber is controlled to be 800-1200 ℃; in the step S4, the temperature of the flue gas outlet of the waste heat boiler is controlled at 200-400 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The pyrolysis treatment device for the oil sludge can effectively treat the oil-containing sludge, has the comprehensive advantages of low treatment cost, high treatment degree, low energy consumption and the like, and can reduce the petroleum content in the oil-containing sludge to below 0.3 percent.
(2) The invention removes toxic factors such as petroleum and organic substances in the oil sludge by utilizing the pyrolyzability of pyrolyzable substances in the oil sludge.
(3) The invention adopts a micro negative pressure mode to carry out pyrolysis at a relatively low temperature, so that on one hand, the energy consumption is saved, on the other hand, the phenomena of porcelain agglomeration and the like of the oil sludge during the pyrolysis or incineration time are prevented, and meanwhile, the secondary pollution caused by the leakage of harmful gas can be prevented.
(4) The invention adopts the mode of partial reflux combustion of the flue gas containing combustible substances, so that on one hand, energy sources can be saved, and on the other hand, the stability of micro negative pressure operation in the pyrolysis process can be ensured.
(5) The invention adopts the mode of controlling the pressure drop of the key points of the system to automatically control the quantity of the reflux pyrolysis gas, thereby ensuring the stability and continuous operability of the system operation.
(6) The invention can reduce the petroleum content in the oily sludge to below 0.3 percent, and simultaneously completely remove toxic and harmful organic substances, thereby reducing, harmlessly treating and recycling resources.
(7) The invention fully recycles the waste heat resources generated by the system, has no secondary pollution, and effectively reduces the operation cost of enterprises.
(8) Compared with other treatment processes for low-oil-content oil sludge, the process provided by the invention can effectively shorten the treatment time of the oil sludge, and simultaneously save more than 10% of energy consumption compared with the same type of oil sludge treatment device, thereby having good economic and social benefits.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of an oil sludge pyrolysis treatment device of the invention.
In the figure: 10. a pyrolysis kiln; 11. a sludge inlet; 12. a high temperature gas inlet; 13. a pyrolysis gas outlet; 20. a sludge feeding screw; 21. a cyclone separator; 22. a pyrolysis gas circulating fan; 30. a combustion chamber; 35. a first combustion fan; 36. a first fuel inlet pipe; 41. a burnout chamber; 410. a second combustion fan; 411. a second fuel inlet pipe; 42. a waste heat boiler; 43. an air preheater; 430. a first combustion fan; 431. a second combustion fan; 45. a semi-dry deacidification tower; 46. a bag-type dust collector; 47. a smoke induced draft fan; 48. and (5) a chimney.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description below:
referring to fig. 1, a schematic process flow diagram of an oil sludge pyrolysis treatment device according to the present invention includes an oil sludge pyrolysis system, a pyrolysis gas circulation system, a flue gas waste heat recovery system and a flue gas treatment system, which are sequentially connected, wherein the oil sludge pyrolysis system is used for pyrolysis by directly contacting hot flue gas with oil sludge; the pyrolysis gas circulation system is used for removing ash residues carried by the pyrolysis gas and returning part of the pyrolysis gas to the oil sludge pyrolysis system for recycling; the flue gas waste heat recovery system is used for re-burning pyrolysis gas, removing inflammable harmful substances contained in the flue gas, and recycling heat of the generated high-temperature flue gas; the flue gas treatment system is used for purifying the flue gas and removing acid substances in the flue gas so as to facilitate high-altitude emission. The oil sludge pyrolysis treatment device can effectively treat the oil-containing sludge, has the comprehensive advantages of low treatment cost, high treatment degree, low energy consumption and the like, and can reduce the petroleum content in the oil-containing sludge to below 0.3 percent.
Specifically, the sludge pyrolysis system comprises a pyrolysis kiln 10, a sludge feeding screw 20 and a combustion chamber 30, wherein the sludge feeding screw 20 is connected to the pyrolysis kiln 10; the pyrolysis kiln 10 is provided with an oil sludge inlet 11, a high-temperature gas inlet 12 and a pyrolysis gas outlet 13; the sludge inlet 11 is connected to the outlet of the sludge feed screw 20, and the high temperature gas inlet 12 is connected to the hot flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber 30. The sludge inlet 11 is located at an end of the pyrolysis kiln 10 close to the pyrolysis gas outlet 13, and the high-temperature gas inlet 12 is located at an end of the pyrolysis kiln 10 far away from the pyrolysis gas outlet 13, so that hot flue gas generated by combustion in the combustion chamber 30 is pyrolyzed in a countercurrent direct contact manner with the sludge in the pyrolysis kiln 10. The pyrolysis kiln 10 is provided with a dry soil discharge port at one end close to the combustion chamber 30 so as to facilitate dry soil discharge.
The pyrolysis gas circulation system comprises a cyclone separator 21 connected with the pyrolysis gas outlet 13 and a pyrolysis gas circulation fan 22 connected with the outlet of the cyclone separator 21; the outlet of the pyrolysis gas circulation fan 22 is connected to the circulating pyrolysis gas inlet of the combustion chamber 30. Wherein the cyclone 21 is used for removing ash residues entrained by pyrolysis gas, and the pyrolysis gas circulating fan 22 is used for sending part of the pyrolysis gas to the combustion chamber 30 to be combusted as fuel, so that the pyrolysis gas can be reused.
The flue gas waste heat recovery system comprises a burnout chamber 41 connected with the outlet of the cyclone separator 21, a waste heat boiler 42 connected with the flue gas outlet of the burnout chamber 41 and an air preheater 43 connected with the flue gas outlet of the waste heat boiler 42; a first combustion fan 430 and a second combustion fan 431 which are arranged in parallel are installed on an air outlet pipeline of the air preheater 43; the outlet of the first combustion fan 430 is connected to the combustion air inlet of the combustion chamber 30, the outlet of the second combustion fan 431 is connected to the combustion air inlet of the burnout chamber 41, and the combustion air heated by the waste heat is respectively delivered into the combustion chamber 30 and the burnout chamber 41 to be combusted in cooperation with the fuel. Wherein the burnout chamber 41 is used for removing inflammable harmful substances contained in the flue gas; the waste heat boiler 42 and the air preheater 43 are used for recovering waste heat in the flue gas, deoxygenated water is adopted as a heat exchange medium in the waste heat boiler 42, and a boiler ash discharge valve is arranged on an ash discharge hole of the waste heat boiler 42 and used for ash discharge; the air inlet duct of the air preheater 43 is connected to the exhaust gas collecting main to facilitate the reuse of the exhaust gas.
Further, the combustion chamber 30 is further connected to a first combustion fan 35 and a first fuel inlet pipe 36; the outlet of the first combustion-supporting fan 35 and the circulating pyrolysis gas inlet of the combustion chamber 30 are both located on the body of the combustion chamber 30, and the outlet of the first fuel inlet pipe 36 and the outlet of the first combustion fan 430 are both connected with the burner of the combustion chamber 30, so that the fuel and the combustion air are mixed and combusted in the burner first, and the combustion in the combustion chamber 30 is more sufficient under the action of the first combustion-supporting fan 35 and the circulating pyrolysis gas.
The burnout chamber 41 is also connected with a second combustion-supporting fan 410 and a second fuel inlet pipe 411; the inlet of the second combustion-supporting fan 410 and the pyrolysis gas inlet of the burnout chamber 41 are respectively located at two sides of the burnout chamber 41, and the outlets of the second fuel inlet pipe 411 and the second combustion fan 431 are connected with the burner of the burnout chamber 41.
In one embodiment, the flue gas treatment system comprises a flue gas purifying device and a flue gas discharging device which are connected with a flue gas outlet of the air preheater 43, wherein the flue gas purifying device comprises a semi-dry deacidification tower 45 and a bag-type dust remover 46 which are connected in sequence; an alkali liquor spray gun and an emergency water supply spray gun are arranged on the semi-dry deacidification tower 45; the alkali liquor spray gun is connected with an alkali liquor input pipe and an atomization air pipe, and the atomization air pipe is used for atomizing alkali liquor in the alkali liquor input pipe so as to fully mix the alkali liquor with the flue gas; the emergency water supply spray gun is connected with a compressed air pipe and a water input pipe, and the compressed air pipe is used for pressurized atomization of water in the water input pipe and conveying the water to the emergency water supply spray gun. Wherein, a cloth bag ash discharging valve is arranged on the ash discharging hole of the cloth bag dust remover 46 and is used for ash discharging.
The flue gas emission device comprises a flue gas induced draft fan 47 connected with the bag-type dust collector 46 and a chimney 48 connected with the flue gas induced draft fan 47, wherein the flue gas induced draft fan 47 is used for extracting flue gas subjected to dust removal in the bag-type dust collector 46 and sending the flue gas into the chimney 48 for high-altitude emission.
The working principle of the oil sludge pyrolysis treatment device is as follows: the oily sludge is conveyed into the pyrolysis kiln 10 through a feeding screw, and the oily sludge is in countercurrent high-temperature direct contact with hot flue gas from the combustion chamber 30 in the pyrolysis kiln 10 for pyrolysis; discharging the dry soil obtained after pyrolysis through a dry soil discharge port, wherein the mass fraction content of petroleum in the dry soil after pyrolysis is less than or equal to 0.3%; after most ash residues are removed from pyrolysis gas obtained after pyrolysis through a cyclone separator 21, the pyrolysis gas is divided into two paths, one path of pyrolysis gas is sent to a combustion chamber 30 through a pyrolysis gas circulating fan 22 and is used as fuel for combustion, the other path of pyrolysis gas directly enters a burnout chamber 41 for secondary combustion, hot flue gas after secondary combustion enters a waste heat boiler 42 to generate steam for recycling most of heat in the steam, and the steam can be used for generating electricity or heating other materials; the hot flue gas from the waste heat boiler 42 enters the air preheater 43 again for heating the waste gas or air from the waste gas collecting main, thereby recycling the rest part of heat; the preheated exhaust gas or combustion air is respectively conveyed into the combustion chamber 30 and the burnout chamber 41 through the first combustion fan 430 and the second combustion fan 431 to be mixed with fuel for combustion; the flue gas from the air preheater 43 passes through a semi-dry deacidification tower 45 to remove acid substances in the flue gas, and then enters a bag-type dust remover 46 for further purification treatment; the purified flue gas is led out to a chimney 48 through a flue gas induced draft fan 47 for high-altitude discharge treatment.
The circulation amount of the high-temperature circulating pyrolysis gas conveyed by the pyrolysis gas circulation fan 22 is controlled by the pressure drop of key points of the system, namely, the internal circulation formed by the combustion chamber 30, the pyrolysis kiln 10, the cyclone separator 21 and the pyrolysis gas circulation fan 22, and the gas in the pyrolysis kiln 10 is continuously pumped out by the pyrolysis gas circulation fan 22, so that micro negative pressure is formed in the pyrolysis kiln 10, namely, the pyrolysis kiln 10 and the cyclone separator 21 form pressure difference, the oil sludge is pyrolyzed at a relatively low temperature, and the phenomena of porcelain agglomeration and the like of the oil sludge are prevented during high-temperature pyrolysis or incineration. In one embodiment, pressure monitors are mounted on both the pyrolysis kiln 10 and the cyclone 21.
The amount of combustion air required by the combustion chamber 30 is controlled by the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the combustion chamber 30 and the oxygen content of the pyrolysis gas at the outlet of the pyrolysis kiln 10. In one embodiment, a temperature detector is disposed at the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber 30, and an oxygen content detector is disposed at the pyrolysis gas outlet 13 of the pyrolysis kiln 10.
The hot flue gas outlet temperature and oxygen content of the burnout chamber 41 are controlled by the second combustion fan 410. In one embodiment, a temperature detector and an oxygen content detector are provided on the hot flue gas outlet of the burnout chamber 41.
The temperature of the outlet flue gas of the waste heat boiler 42 is controlled by the operating temperature of the semi-dry deacidification tower 45, and the operating temperature of the semi-dry deacidification tower 45 is controlled by the highest operating temperature which can be borne by the filter bag of the bag-type dust collector 46. In one embodiment, the flue gas outlet of the waste heat boiler 42, the semi-dry deacidification tower 45 and the bag-type dust remover 46 are all provided with temperature detectors.
Optionally, the temperature of the hot flue gas inlet of the pyrolysis kiln 10 is controlled between 600 ℃ and 1100 ℃: the temperature of the hot flue gas outlet of the pyrolysis kiln 10 is controlled between 200 ℃ and 400 ℃. The operation pressure of the pyrolysis kiln 10 is negative pressure operation; the outlet temperature of the dry soil of the pyrolysis kiln 10 is 400-600 ℃. The operation temperature of the burnout chamber 41 is 800-1200 ℃, and the flue gas outlet temperature of the waste heat boiler 42 is 200-400 ℃.
The invention also provides an oil sludge pyrolysis treatment process which comprises the following steps:
s1: the oily sludge is sent to the pyrolysis kiln 10 through an oily sludge feeding screw 20; the combustion chamber 30 supplies heat to the pyrolysis kiln 10, the heat supply temperature is 600-1100 ℃, and hot flue gas generated by combustion of the combustion chamber 30 is pyrolyzed in a countercurrent direct contact mode with oil sludge in the pyrolysis kiln 10 at 400-800 ℃ and in a state of micro negative pressure (-90 KPa to-70 KPa); the pyrolyzed dry soil is discharged from the lower part of the pyrolysis kiln 10; wherein the oil content of the dry soil after pyrolysis is less than 0.3 percent, and the temperature is 400-600 ℃;
s2: pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis of the oil sludge is discharged into a cyclone separator 21 through a pyrolysis gas outlet 13 of a pyrolysis kiln 10 at the temperature of 200-400 ℃ for dust removal treatment;
s3: the pyrolysis gas treated by the cyclone 21 is divided into two parts; a part of the pyrolysis gas is pumped to the combustion chamber 30 by the pyrolysis gas circulating fan 22 and is used as fuel for combustion, and the insufficient combustion part of the combustion chamber 30 is supplied by external fuel; the other part of pyrolysis gas enters a burnout chamber 41 and is burnt at 800-1200 ℃ to remove toxic and harmful substances contained in the hot flue gas, so as to obtain high-temperature flue gas;
s4: the high-temperature flue gas enters the waste heat boiler 42 for heat recovery and is used for generating steam which can be used for power generation or heating;
s5: the high-temperature flue gas from the waste heat boiler 42 is controlled at 200-400 ℃, and then enters the air preheater 43 to continuously recover the heat in the flue gas for heating combustion air to about 120 ℃; the heated combustion air is divided into two paths, and one path of combustion air is conveyed to the combustion chamber 30 through the first combustion fan 430 and is used for combusting fuel in the combustion chamber 30; the other path of combustion air is conveyed to the burnout chamber 41 through the second combustion fan 431 and is used for combusting fuel in the burnout chamber 41;
s6: and outputting the heat-exchanged flue gas to a flue gas treatment system, and discharging the flue gas after purification treatment. The flue gas from the air preheater 43 enters a semi-dry deacidification tower 45, acid substances in the flue gas are removed by atomized alkaline water to be below the emission standard, and the deacidified flue gas passes through a bag-type dust remover 46 to remove particulate matters in the flue gas to be below the emission standard; the flue gas treated by the bag-type dust collector 46 is led into a chimney 48 by a flue gas induced draft fan 47, and is discharged at high altitude through the chimney 48.
The pyrolysis gas circulation reflux process adopted in the oil sludge pyrolysis treatment process can save the energy consumption of the oil sludge pyrolysis treatment device by more than 10 percent compared with the energy consumption of similar oil sludge treatment devices.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, but any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of the present invention as claimed.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that various other changes and modifications can be made which are within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The device is characterized by comprising an oil sludge pyrolysis system, a pyrolysis gas circulation system, a flue gas waste heat recovery system and a flue gas treatment system which are connected in sequence;
the oil sludge pyrolysis system comprises a pyrolysis kiln, an oil sludge feeding screw and a combustion chamber, wherein the oil sludge feeding screw is connected to the pyrolysis kiln; the pyrolysis kiln is provided with an oil sludge inlet, a high-temperature gas inlet and a pyrolysis gas outlet; the high-temperature gas inlet is connected with a hot flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber;
the pyrolysis gas circulation system comprises a cyclone separator connected with the pyrolysis gas outlet and a pyrolysis gas circulation fan connected with the outlet of the cyclone separator; the outlet of the high-temperature pyrolysis gas circulating fan is connected with the circulating pyrolysis gas inlet of the combustion chamber;
the flue gas waste heat recovery system comprises a burnout chamber connected with the outlet of the cyclone separator, a waste heat boiler connected with the flue gas outlet of the burnout chamber and an air preheater connected with the flue gas outlet of the waste heat boiler; a first combustion fan and a second combustion fan which are arranged in parallel are arranged on an air outlet pipeline of the air preheater; the outlet of the first combustion fan is connected with the combustion air inlet of the combustion chamber, and the outlet of the second combustion fan is connected with the combustion air inlet of the burnout chamber;
the flue gas treatment system comprises flue gas purification equipment and flue gas emission equipment which are connected with a flue gas outlet of the air preheater;
the sludge inlet is positioned at one end part of the pyrolysis kiln close to the pyrolysis gas outlet, and the high-temperature gas inlet is positioned at one end part of the pyrolysis kiln far away from the pyrolysis gas outlet;
the burnout chamber is also connected with a second combustion-supporting fan and a second fuel inlet pipe; the inlet of the second combustion-supporting fan and the pyrolysis gas inlet of the burnout chamber are respectively positioned at two sides of the burnout chamber, and the outlets of the second fuel inlet pipe and the second combustion fan are connected with the burner of the burnout chamber.
2. The sludge pyrolysis treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the combustion chamber is further connected with a first combustion-supporting fan and a first fuel inlet pipe; the circulating pyrolysis gas inlet and the outlet of the first combustion-supporting fan are both positioned on the body of the combustion chamber, and the first fuel inlet pipe and the outlet of the first combustion fan are both connected with the burner of the combustion chamber.
3. The sludge pyrolysis treatment device according to claim 1, wherein a boiler ash discharge valve is installed on an ash discharge port of the waste heat boiler; and a dry soil discharge port is arranged at one end of the pyrolysis kiln, which is close to the combustion chamber.
4. The sludge pyrolysis treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the flue gas purification equipment comprises a semi-dry deacidification tower and a bag-type dust remover which are connected in sequence; an alkali liquor spray gun and an emergency water supply spray gun are arranged on the semi-dry deacidification tower; the alkali liquor spray gun is connected with an alkali liquor input pipe and an atomization air pipe, and the atomization air pipe is used for atomizing alkali liquor in the alkali liquor input pipe; the emergency water supply spray gun is connected with a compressed air pipe and a water input pipe, and the compressed air pipe is used for pressurized atomization of water in the water input pipe and conveying the water to the emergency water supply spray gun.
5. The sludge pyrolysis treatment device according to claim 4, wherein a bag-type dust discharging valve is installed on the dust discharging hole of the bag-type dust remover.
6. The sludge pyrolysis treatment device according to claim 4, wherein the fume emission device is connected with the bag-type dust collector, the fume emission device comprises a fume induced draft fan and a chimney connected with the fume induced draft fan, and the induced draft fan is used for extracting the fume after dust removal in the bag-type dust collector and sending the fume into the chimney for high-altitude emission.
7. A sludge pyrolysis treatment process employing the sludge pyrolysis treatment device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1: spiral conveying the oily sludge to a pyrolysis kiln through an oily sludge feeding; the combustion chamber supplies heat to the pyrolysis kiln, and hot flue gas generated by combustion of the combustion chamber is pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis kiln in a countercurrent direct contact mode with the oil sludge; discharging the pyrolyzed dry soil from the lower part of the pyrolysis kiln;
s2: pyrolysis gas generated after pyrolysis of the oil sludge is discharged to a cyclone separator through a pyrolysis gas outlet of a pyrolysis kiln to carry out dust removal treatment;
s3: the pyrolysis gas treated by the cyclone separator is divided into two parts; a part of pyrolysis gas is pumped to a combustion chamber by a pyrolysis gas circulating fan and is used as fuel for combustion; the other part of pyrolysis gas enters a burnout chamber for combustion to obtain high-temperature flue gas;
s4: the high-temperature flue gas enters a waste heat boiler to carry out heat recovery and is used for generating steam;
s5: the high-temperature flue gas from the waste heat boiler enters an air preheater again, and the heat in the flue gas is continuously recovered and is used for heating combustion air; the heated combustion air is divided into two paths, and one path of combustion air is conveyed to the combustion chamber through the first combustion fan; the other path of combustion air is conveyed to the burnout chamber through a second combustion fan;
s6: and outputting the heat-exchanged flue gas to a flue gas treatment system, and discharging the flue gas after purification treatment.
8. The oil sludge pyrolysis treatment process according to claim 7, wherein in the step S1, the temperature of a hot flue gas inlet of the pyrolysis kiln is controlled to 600 ℃ to 1100 ℃, the temperature of a pyrolysis gas outlet of the pyrolysis kiln is controlled to 200 ℃ to 400 ℃, and the operation pressure of the pyrolysis kiln is negative pressure; in the step S3, the operation temperature of the burnout chamber is controlled to be 800-1200 ℃; in the step S4, the temperature of a flue gas outlet of the waste heat boiler is controlled to be 200-400 ℃.
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| CN102174331A (en) * | 2011-04-01 | 2011-09-07 | 浙江大学 | Integrated method and system for reclaiming fuel oil by pyrolyzing sludge |
| CN106746470A (en) * | 2017-02-09 | 2017-05-31 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of oily sludge drying and incinerating integrated processing technique |
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