CN101809331B - 汽车的无级变速装置 - Google Patents

汽车的无级变速装置 Download PDF

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CN101809331B
CN101809331B CN2008801086816A CN200880108681A CN101809331B CN 101809331 B CN101809331 B CN 101809331B CN 2008801086816 A CN2008801086816 A CN 2008801086816A CN 200880108681 A CN200880108681 A CN 200880108681A CN 101809331 B CN101809331 B CN 101809331B
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stepless speed
automobile
transmission unit
speed variator
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CN101809331A (zh
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于尔根·波伦茨
格哈德·贝利
托马斯·拉兹曼
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H47/00Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing
    • F16H47/02Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type
    • F16H47/04Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type the mechanical gearing being of the type with members having orbital motion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H57/00General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
    • F16H57/033Series gearboxes, e.g. gearboxes based on the same design being available in different sizes or gearboxes using a combination of several standardised units
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/0866Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/0866Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft
    • F16H2037/0873Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft with switching, e.g. to change ranges
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H57/00General details of gearing
    • F16H2057/005Mounting preassembled units, i.e. using pre-mounted structures to speed up final mounting process
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H57/00General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
    • F16H2057/02013Extension units for gearboxes, e.g. additional units attached to a main gear
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H57/00General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
    • F16H2057/02039Gearboxes for particular applications
    • F16H2057/02043Gearboxes for particular applications for vehicle transmissions
    • F16H2057/02056Gearboxes for particular applications for vehicle transmissions for utility vehicles, e.g. tractors or agricultural machines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H57/00General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
    • F16H57/023Mounting or installation of gears or shafts in the gearboxes, e.g. methods or means for assembly
    • F16H2057/0235Mounting or installation of gears or shafts in the gearboxes, e.g. methods or means for assembly specially adapted to allow easy accessibility and repair
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2200/00Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0039Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising three forward speeds
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2200/00Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/2005Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with one sets of orbital gears

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Motor Power Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • General Details Of Gearings (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种汽车的无级变速装置(1),其具有设置在变速箱外壳内的无级变速器(3)、行星齿轮传动装置(4)和换挡传动装置(9)。无级变速器(3)在第一轴(14)的区域内和在第二轴(15)的区域内与行星齿轮传动装置(4)和换挡传动装置(9)作用连接。依据本发明,无级变速器(3)和行星齿轮传动装置(4)构成一个组件(2)并设置在一个共用的支承板(19)上。

Description

汽车的无级变速装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种权利要求1前序部分中详细定义类型的具有无级变速器的汽车无级变速装置。
背景技术
具有静压无级驱动装置的静压-机械拖拉机变速器由DE 102006025348A1有所公开。静压驱动装置具有由内燃机驱动的静压泵和由该泵驱动的液压马达。泵和液压马达通过唯一共用的回转件强制连接并可以这样调整,使泵可以在最小角与最大角之间回转,而同时马达同步从最大回转角向最小角回转。泵为体积流量的唯一输送方向设计。具有可以通过离合器切换的多个换挡级的机械的区域变速器后置连接。
DE 1952966A此外公开了一种具有功率分流的变速装置,其包括无级变速器、复式行星齿轮组和用于实现多个最大行程的换挡装置。构成为静压装置的无级变速器的泵和马达装置可以通过一个共用的支架进行调整。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,这样进一步构成现有技术中所公开的变速装置,使无级变速器和行星齿轮传动装置可以在安装变速装置期间简单装入且出于维修目的可以低费用进行拆卸。
该目的依据本发明利用按权利要求1所述特征的无级变速装置得以实现。
依据本发明的汽车无级变速装置具有设置在变速箱外壳内的无级变速器、行星齿轮传动装置和换挡传动装置,其中,无级变速器在第一轴的区域内和在第二轴的区域内与行星齿轮传动装置和换挡传动装置作用连接。
依据本发明,无级变速器和行星齿轮传动装置构成一个组件并设置在一个共用的支承板上。
因此无级变速器和与其共同作用的行星齿轮传动装置在变速装置的安装期间可以作为预安装的组件以低开支装入并在出现磨损时按照简单方式和类型拆卸并通过功能正常的被预检验的组件替换。替换所拆卸的组件的组件在维修情况下可以成本低廉地作为被检验的单元在汽车上现场更换。
在依据本发明的变速装置一种具有优点的进一步构成中,行星齿轮传动装置的一个轴与可与连接汽车传动系发动机的变速器输入轴作用连接,其中,无级变速器的两个轴各自与行星齿轮传动装置的其他轴作用连接。因此实现下述内容,即变速器主动轴仅可受限调整的转速与无级变速器的无级转速可调节性叠加并在行星齿轮传动装置的范围内提供至少两个具有可无级改变的转速的轴。
依据本发明的无级变速装置的另一种实施方式,无级变速器构成为斜轴结构方式的静压装置并具有至少一个调整单元,以便可以将尽可能多的功率在变速装置结构空间需求小的同时从汽车的发动机通过变速装置输送到汽车的输出装置。
无级变速装置的通过无级变速器、行星齿轮传动装置和换挡传动装置实现的速比范围(其速比可以各自无级改变),在依据本发明的变速装置另一实施方式中,具有更大的范围,其中,静压装置具有至少一个可调泵装置和至少一个可调马达装置,它们可以共同得到调整。
在依据本发明的无级变速装置的另一种实施方式中,无级变速器的长度大于宽度和深度并在其纵向延伸上在汽车内的安装位置中至少近似垂直定向,以便降低或避免例如驶过不平路面、坑洼等时从冲击式负荷中产生的并作用于无级变速器的调节力,这种调节力至少短时间会触发无级变速器不希望的独立调整,其中,这个优点特别是在无级变速器作为具有共同调整的泵和马达装置的斜轴结构方式的静压装置构成时实现。
在依据本发明的变速装置一种具有优点的实施方式中,包括无级变速器和行星齿轮传动装置的组件在安装位置上在前进行驶方向上相对于汽车的发动机设置在汽车的右侧或者左侧上,这样可以按照简单方式和类型从汽车的一侧出发在侧向上拆卸。
在依据本发明的无级变速装置一种具有优点的进一步构成中,无级变速器在汽车的安装位置上定位在汽车发动机与行星齿轮传动装置之间。因此包括无级变速器和行星齿轮传动装置的组件可以按照简单方式和类型,在侧面不能接触变速箱外壳的情况下,通过前进行驶方向上抽出支承板从汽车上拆下。此外,组件也可以简单地从汽车的底侧出发在相应接触时在无需附加拆卸汽车部件的情况下拆卸。
如果无级变速器在汽车的安装位置上设置在行星齿轮传动装置与汽车后桥之间,那么组件可以简单方式通过在倒退行驶方向上抽出支承板从汽车上取下,其中,在这里组件也可以从汽车的底侧出发在相应接触时在无需汽车的附加安装情况下或者从汽车的上侧出发通过翻转汽车驾驶室来拆卸。
组件的安装在依据本发明的无级变速装置的另一种具有优点的实施方式中由此变得简单,即支承板可松开地与变速箱外壳连接并且是变速箱外壳的一部分,因为在拆卸包括无级变速器和行星齿轮传动装置的组件期间,仅需将支承板从变速箱外壳松开并可将组件取下,而无需拆卸变速箱外壳盖或者这类部件。
附图说明
本发明的其他优点和具有优点的进一步构成来自权利要求书和参照附图原理上介绍的实施例,其中,为便于概览实施例的说明中为结构和功能相同的部件使用相同的附图符号。其中:
图1示出依据本发明的无级变速装置的齿轮示意图,变速装置具有包括无级变速器和行星齿轮传动装置的组件;
图2示出图1变速装置1的组件的三维详图;
图3示出图1变速装置的三维示意侧视图,其中,该组件沿前进行驶方向上看相对于发动机设置在汽车的右侧上;
图4示出图1的变速装置与图3相应的视图,其中,组件在前进行驶方向上设置在汽车的左侧上;
图5示出与图3相应的视图,其中,组件设置在汽车后桥前面汽车的右侧上;以及
图6示出与图5相应的视图,其中,组件在汽车后桥的前面在汽车左侧上定位。
具体实施方式
图1示出具有无级速比调整的变速装置1的齿轮示意图,其例如可以在农用车辆上使用。通过变速装置1现在可以实现前进行驶的三个速比范围或最大行程和倒退行驶的一个速比范围,在这些范围内可以无级调整变速装置的速比。
变速装置1速比的无级调整可以通过无级传动机构或组件2进行,组件2包括无级变速器3和行星齿轮传动装置4。借助行星齿轮传动装置4,与汽车的发动机连接的变速器主动轴5仅可受限调整的转速与无级变速器3的转速可无级调节性相叠加。作为这种叠加的结果,在行星齿轮传动装置4的区域内,两个轴6、7可供具有可无级改变转速的行星齿轮传动装置4使用,其中,第一轴6构成为行星齿轮传动装置4的行星架并与无级变速器3的可调泵装置3A连接。第二轴7为行星齿轮传动装置4的太阳轮,其通过正齿轮啮合部8与无级变速器3的可调马达装置3B作用连接。构成为静压装置的无级变速器3的泵装置3A和马达装置3B各自以斜轴结构构成并可以在回转轴11的区域内通过共用的支架12回转。
无级传动机构2与换挡变速装置9连接,该换挡传动装置取决于无级变速器5有效功率并且也取决于行星齿轮传动装置4的结构构成。通过换挡传动装置9,无级传动机构2在变速器从动轴10的方向上进行功率传递。此外,在换挡传动装置9的区域内以不同的速比范围示出所要求的输出转速。
换挡传动装置9装有四个摩擦连接的换挡部件S1至S4,其中,在第一换挡部件S1闭合的情况下,变速装置1内挂入倒退行驶的最大行程。换挡部件S2至S4用于表示前进行驶的三个最大行程。
行星齿轮传动装置4的第二太阳轮13与变速器主动轴5连接。无级变速器轴14和15因此各自与行星齿轮传动装置4的轴6、7连接,轴6、7不与变速器主动轴5直接连接。此外,无级变速器轴14和15与行星齿轮传动装置4的轴6、7轴平行地设置,其中,无级变速器轴14与轴6、7同轴定位。
图2以单图示出无级传动机构或组件2。从图2的图示中可以看出,无论是无级变速器3还是行星齿轮传动装置4以及无级变速器3与行星齿轮传动装置4之间所需的所有连接轴均安装在一个共用的支承板19上,该支承板现在形成变速装置1变速箱外壳的一部分。
为避免至少短时间独立调整无级变速器3的并作用于无级变速器3的将泵装置3A和马达装置3B刚性相互连接的支架12的调节力(其例如在驶过不平路面、坑洼和这类路面时由冲击式负荷中产生),无级变速器3回转轴11的定向在图3所示的汽车中安装位置上至少近似相应于汽车竖轴16的定向。因此运行造成的作用于无级变速器3的力的作用方向基本上垂直于无级变速器3的回转轴11定向,因此这些力不调整无级变速器3或其泵装置3A或其马达装置3B。
在通过图3中的箭头X详细示出的汽车前进行驶方向上,无级变速器3设置在汽车的在图中未详细示出的发动机与行星齿轮传动装置4以及换挡传动装置9之间。变速装置1一方面在径向上的特征在于结构空间需求小和另一方面的特征在于更大的轴向长度。因此,由于无级变速器3在前进行驶方向X设置在前面,通过将支承板19从变速箱外壳松开而简单拆卸组件2,其中,取决于汽车的相应实施方式,无级变速器3和行星齿轮传动装置4与支承板19共同相对于汽车前桥向前、相对于汽车上侧向下或者在汽车竖轴16方向上向上从车架17中取出,该车架除了多个汽车部件外,还限制汽车上可供变速装置使用的结构空间。
如果无级变速器3如现在的情况中那样至少部分设置在变速装置1的油位18下面,那么无级变速器3通过适当的密封装置与设置在变速装置1的未详细示出的油仓内的液压流体隔开,以便按照简单方式和类型避免变速装置1运行中所谓的扑出损耗(Planschverlust)以及由此对变速装置1总效率的不利影响。
无级变速器3和行星齿轮传动装置4安装在支承板19上,以结构简单的方式和类型实现了在维修时以低安装开支拆卸用于产生无级速比变化而设置的变速器部件并将其替换为有效组件,其中,在维修时可以通过预检验的单元现场在汽车上更换损坏的组件2。
在图4所示变速装置1的实施方式中,在汽车1的前进行驶方向X上,无级传动机构或组件2设置在变速装置1靠近汽车发动机区域内的汽车左侧上。图5和图6所示变速装置1的另一实施方式中,组件2各自在汽车后桥的前面参照汽车的前进方向X设置在汽车右侧或左侧,并因此优选在将支承板19从变速箱外壳松开后,可以在侧向上从变速装置1的变速箱外壳取出。
附图标记
1     变速装置
2     无级传动机构
3     无级变速器
3A    泵装置
3B    马达装置
4     行星齿轮传动装置
5     变速器主动轴
6     轴,行星架
7     轴,太阳轮
8     正齿轮啮合部
9     换挡传动装置
10    变速器从动轴
11    回转轴
12    支架
13    第二太阳轮
14、15无级变速器轴
16    汽车竖轴
17    车架
18    油位
19    支承板
S1至S4换挡部件
X     前进行驶方向

Claims (8)

1.汽车的无级变速装置(1),具有设置在变速箱外壳内的无级变速器(3)、行星齿轮传动装置(4)和换挡传动装置(9),其中,所述无级变速器(3)在第一轴(14)的区域内和在第二轴(15)的区域内与行星齿轮传动装置(4)和换挡传动装置(9)作用连接,其中,所述无级变速器(3)和所述行星齿轮传动装置(4)构成一个组件(2)并设置在一个共用的支承板(19)上,其特征在于,所述无级变速器(3)的轴向长度大于宽度和高度并在其纵向延伸上在汽车内的安装位置中垂直或基本垂直定向。
2.按权利要求1所述的无级变速装置,其特征在于,所述行星齿轮传动装置(4)的一个轴(13)与能够连接汽车传动系发动机的变速器主动轴(5)作用连接,且所述无级变速器的所述两个轴(14、15)各自与所述行星齿轮传动装置(4)的其他轴(6、7)作用连接。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的无级变速装置,其特征在于,所述无级变速器(3)构成为斜轴结构方式的静压装置并具有至少一个调整单元(3A、3B)。
4.按权利要求3所述的无级变速装置,其特征在于,所述静压装置(3)具有至少一个可调的泵装置(3A)和至少一个可调的马达装置(3B),所述泵装置(3A)和所述马达装置(3B)能够共同得到调整。
5.按权利要求2所述的无级变速装置,其特征在于,包括所述无级变速器(3)和所述行星齿轮传动装置(4)的所述组件(2)在安装位置上沿前进行驶方向(X)看相对于汽车的发动机设置在汽车的右侧或者左侧。
6.按权利要求2所述的无级变速装置,其特征在于,所述无级变速器(3)在汽车中的安装位置上在空间上定位于所述发动机与所述行星齿轮传动装置(4)之间。
7.按权利要求2所述的无级变速装置,其特征在于,所述无级变速器(3)在汽车中的安装位置上在空间上定位于所述行星齿轮传动装置(4)与汽车后桥之间。
8.按权利要求1所述的无级变速装置,其特征在于,所述支承板(19)能够以可松开的方式与所述变速箱外壳连接并且是所述变速箱外壳的一部分。
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