CN101803586B - Scale artificial culture technology of papilio xuthus Linnaeus in northern areas - Google Patents
Scale artificial culture technology of papilio xuthus Linnaeus in northern areas Download PDFInfo
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- CN101803586B CN101803586B CN2009100774995A CN200910077499A CN101803586B CN 101803586 B CN101803586 B CN 101803586B CN 2009100774995 A CN2009100774995 A CN 2009100774995A CN 200910077499 A CN200910077499 A CN 200910077499A CN 101803586 B CN101803586 B CN 101803586B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a scale artificial culture technology of papilio xuthus Linnaeus in northern areas, which specifically comprises the following steps of: the selection of regions (the regions to the north of the Qinling Mountains and the Huai River) and ecological environment; the site selection of a culture garden; the planting of host plants and nectariferous plants; the disinfection and the pest control of the culture garden; the arrangement of an overwintering greenhouse; and the production management of eggs, larvae, pupae and breeding butterflies. In the invention, complete culture technical regulations are formulated aiming at the life habits of the papilio xuthus Linnaeus in the northern areas. The invention has the characteristics of comprehensive, scientific, reasonable and normative technology, strong maneuverability and high output and is a new technology for artificially culturing butterflies in scale.
Description
Technical field
Technical field of the present invention is propagating artificially of butterfly, is specifically related to the scale artificial culture technology of papilio xuthus Linnaeus at northern area.
Background technology
Papilio xuthus Linnaeus Papilio xuthus Linnaeus is the kind that Lepidoptera Lepidoptera Papilionidae Papilionidae swallowtail butterfly belongs to Papilio Linnaeus.
The butterfly industry is surging forward and develops in China, and the consumption of butterfly is in rapid increase, and its source is nothing more than catching butterfly wild or that propagate artificially.Under the prerequisite of wild butterfly protection of resources and sustainable use, propagating butterfly artificially is the only way of development butterfly industry.Propagating butterfly artificially can be in the different time period, obtains that quality is good, quantity big, the butterfly kind of specific needs.Papilio xuthus Linnaeus has in the butterfly that lives is let fly away and dances with much grace the characteristics that the speckle color contrast is showy, appreciation effect good, consumption is big.China southern and northern geographical position, weather, ecotope difference are very big.Though papilio xuthus Linnaeus all has a distribution in the whole nation, but in four generations of southern area abiogenesis in every year, in the annual abiogenesis of northern area two generations only.Papilio xuthus Linnaeus will be at northern scale artificial culture; and to a large amount of butterfly supply the markets alive can both be arranged in Various Seasonal, so, under social benefit and economic benefit factors; it is very important that the scale artificial culture technology of northern area papilio xuthus Linnaeus just seems; its purpose is used this technology exactly, carries out factory's formula standardization and produces productivity gain; save artificial; reduce cost, satisfy the demand in market, can reach minimizing again to wild butterfly resource with to the destruction of bio-diversity.
Summary of the invention
Technical scheme of the present invention is the scale artificial culture technology of oranges and tangerines swallowtail butterfly at northern area, possesses following feature is arranged:
1, Shi Yi geographical position: the northern area of China, the Qinling Mountains, area to the north of the Huaihe River.
2, select suitable ecotope, build papilio xuthus Linnaeus and culture the garden.
3, the first-selected host plant of northern area breed papilio xuthus Linnaeus is a Chinese prickly ash.
4, the first-selected nectariferous plant of northern area breed papilio xuthus Linnaeus is a lantana.
5, papilio xuthus Linnaeus culturing net garden area is advisable with 200-300 square metre.Single papilio xuthus Linnaeus culturing net garden quantity is not limit, and can a plurality ofly unite the breed garden of building into.Between net garden and net garden the hedgerow band is arranged.The area of plantation host plant should account for 1/2nd of net garden area in the net garden; The area of plantation nectariferous plant should account for 1/3rd of net garden area.The net garden is high 4 meters, and 30% sunshade net is put at the top, puts 30% sunshade net all around.
6, to effectively sterilizing with room, soil, article, utensil.
7, Chinese prickly ash or Citrus host plant will be improved cultivation, impel to form the leafy luxuriant situation of branch, increase the output of leaf, the collection of favourable ovum and larva.Potted plant host plant will be disinfected before moving into the larva raising chamber.
Host's class plant that 8, need survive the winter and nectar source class plant should have the greenhouse, and room temperature can be according to the habit of growth setting of overwintering plant.
9, the greenhouse of laying eggs of breeding is set.Its function is at low temperature season, keeps the suitable temperature of kind of butterfly, makes kind of butterfly continue breeding, forms generation overlap.
10, the kind butterfly free choice feeding nectar source class plant of raising in the greenhouse, auxilliary raising to inferior.
11, every batch of ovum that collection is produced on the same day, unified carrying out disinfection.
12, larva raising chamber, emergence chamber have anti-natural enemy measure, and screen door, screen window are set, and isolate tank, the well-ventilated, and temperature is 20-30 ℃, relative moisture is 60-65%.
13, after hatching larva, in time move into the larva raising chamber, put on the potted plant host plant larva in a suitable place to breed free choice feeding to 5 age.During this time, when a basin host plant when having searched for food, the host plant of timely hyperphoric next basin to sterilize.
14, after same batch of larva entered for 5 ages, gather and move into raising the box of emergence chamber pupa account bottom from potted plant host plant, manually pluck host plant, continue to search for food to pupating for larva.
15, emergence generally is arranged in mid-June to mid-October naturally, gets final product with natural normal temperature.As the chrysalis of controlled emergence, place refrigerating chamber and can produce or prolong the physiological dormancy.When needing to sprout wings, move in the greenhouse again and sprout wings.The chrysalis that produce mid-June in mid-October to next year does not need through resting stage, directly the chrysalis that will sprout wings is placed in the greenhouse and sprouts wings.
16, plant seed selection and the breeding of butterfly: big, the active many moving chrysalises of the body of selecting and remain pupa time; Breed in sprout wings kind of the solarium that provides and delivers in back 15 minutes of the work kind butterfly that adult is selected and remain does not has deformity, body is big, female butterfly.
17, live collection, packing, the transportation of butterfly.When changing software strategy into software-hardware strategy, can gather the butterfly wing.Pack or the storage of butterfly cage with porose right angle trigonometry paper bag.Transportation arrived to open to wrap with 48 hours and is advisable.
18, the packed and transported of larva: the larva packing case is equipped with pore, the transportation of optimum 2,3,4 instars.The host plant of company's branch band leaf that configuration is enough during vanning searches for food for larva.
19, the packed and transported of pupa: a spot of employing antiseptic napkin list is only packed, the special-purpose porose plastic foam inner packing of a large amount of usefulness, and external packing box has pore.Haulage time is in 72 hours.
Embodiment
1, Shi Yi geographical position: the northern area of China refers to that present technique can be implemented in the Qinling Mountains, the area to the north of the Huaihe River of China.
2, select nature temperature-15～35 ℃, relative moisture 55～75% is below the height above sea level 700m, the sunshine time annual reaches the area without shade more than 1650 hours, fertile soil is loose, has good bio-diversity, and the ecotope of suitable planting host plant is built papilio xuthus Linnaeus and cultured the garden.
3, the host plant of northern area plantation breed papilio xuthus Linnaeus has: first-selection is: Chinese prickly ash Zanthoxylumbungeanum Maxim., next is: orange Citrus sinensis Osbeck Reise, tangerine Citrusmadurensis Lour.Fi., mandarin orange Citrus reticulate Blanco Fl.Filip..
4, the nectariferous plant of northern area plantation breed papilio xuthus Linnaeus has: first-selection is: lantana Lantanacamara Linn; Next is: false leading Physostegia virginiana, Lindley Butterflybush Herb Buddleia lindleyanaFort., spiny spiderflower Cleome spinosaL..
5, papilio xuthus Linnaeus culturing net garden area is advisable with 200-300 square metre.Single oranges and tangerines swallowtail butterfly culturing net garden quantity is not limit, and can a plurality ofly unite the breed garden that becomes to meet the papilio xuthus Linnaeus life habit of building.Spacing distance between net garden and net garden are mutual is at least more than 10 meters, and the good plant of plantation shaded effects makes the hedgerow band.
The area of plantation host plant should account for 1/2nd of net garden area in the net garden, the host plant of selecting local energy open country to survive the winter naturally, and minimum is a kind of; Then needing of selection Citrus plant is potted plant, and need go into winter survival in greenhouse winter.The area of plantation nectariferous plant should account for 1/3rd of net garden area, also can plant various plant that other height does not wait.
Net garden height is 4 meters, and the top is provided with rolling type 30% sunshade net, is 30% sunshade net all around, and the phototaxis that reduces because of butterfly rests on bright place, strengthens the activity of dancing in the air of butterfly.
6, to effectively sterilizing with room, soil, article, utensil.Employ prevention is that main measure has: the inside and outside ground of 200mg/L ClO 2 solution spray booth, and every cubic metre of cultivation nutrient soil is stand-by after 48 hours with 0.2% formalin 100ml sprinkling and the sterilization of hybrid reactor envelope; Article, utensil are in order to a kind of down: 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate, 0.1% bromogeramine or 100mg/L ClO 2 solution spray disinfectant or washing; After reaching use before use with room especially receptacle, emergence chamber in the garden, with ultraviolet ray by every cubic metre of 1.5W sterilization.
7, Chinese prickly ash or Citrus host plant cultivation improvement must be trimmed to the shrub shape, and no trunk or trunk are no more than 20cm, cultivate the many side shoots of many major branches, highly are controlled at below 1.6 meters, impels to form the leafy luxuriant situation of branch, the collection of favourable ovum and larva; Fruit is plucked in defloration in time, increases the output of leaf.Potted plant host plant searches for food for larva and carried out spray disinfectant with 100mg/L chlorine dioxide concentration solution in preceding 4 hours moving into the larva raising chamber.
Host's class plant that 8, need survive the winter and nectar source class plant should have the greenhouse, and room temperature can be according to the habit of growth setting of overwintering plant: the lantana temperature of surviving the winter is more than 8 ℃, and the lantana bud can not open when temperature was lower than 10 ℃; The Citrus temperature of surviving the winter is more than 3 ℃, be lower than-5 ℃ then easily take place dead, well-growns more than 15 ℃; Chinese prickly ash leaf bud temperature stops growing when being lower than 3 ℃.
9, the greenhouse of laying eggs of breeding is set.Its function is at low temperature season, keeps the suitable temperature of kind of butterfly, impels kind of butterfly to continue breeding, forms generation overlap.Breeding is laid eggs greenhouse suitable mid-October to next year using mid-June, and indoor temperature is 20-30 ℃, and relative moisture is that the 55-65% breeding greenhouse of laying eggs is one of important hardware of present technique.
10, the kind butterfly free choice feeding nectar source class plant of raising in the greenhouse.Nectar source class plant first-selection is a lantana, is false tap and Lindley Butterflybush Herb secondly, and quantity should account for 1/2nd of greenhouse area, auxilliary 10% G/NS or the 10% honey physiological saline of raising.
11, every batch of ovum that collection is produced on the same day, unified carrying out disinfection is with the 25mg/L ClO 2 solution, 22 ℃ of solution temperatures soak the 2min sterilization to ovum, put into sterilization hatching ware after drying, hatch in incubator, temperature is 28 ℃, and relative moisture is 65%.
12, larva raising chamber, emergence chamber will have anti-natural enemy measure, and 30 order screen doors, screen window are set, and isolate tank, the well-ventilated, and temperature is 20-30 ℃, relative moisture is 60-65%; Use disinfection by ultraviolet light 1 hour with using the back before the use.Raise for every batch and finish to re-use after vacant three days.
13, after ovum hatches larva, in time the hatching ware is moved into the larva raising chamber, the hatching ware is suspended on the host plant, larva can climb to free choice feeding on the host plant voluntarily.During this time, when a basin host plant when having searched for food, in time change the host plant that next basin had been sterilized, continue the confession larva and search for food to 5 ages.Every basin host plant is thrown in larva quantity and is determined on a case-by-case basis, and the worm I is thrown in more, is suitable with three days host plants that searched for food.Potted plant host plant replacing method is: with a new basin host plant, and near the host plant that has been searched for food, the connection of between two basins, putting up a bridge of also available bamboo and wood rod, most of larva can be transferred to the host plant of newly changing voluntarily and get on to search for food.Minority shifts by artificial.
14, after same batch of larva entered for 5 ages, gather and move into raising the box of pupa account bottom from potted plant host plant, manually pluck host plant, continue to search for food to pupating for larva.Pupa account length * wide * height is 100 * 50 * 50cm, and raising box length * wide * height is 100 * 50 * 10cm.Most of larva can or pupate all around at the top of pupa account.Treat that taking off chrysalis after puparium hardens puts emergence chamber.Write down the label of pupating, be transferred to emergence chamber with this batch pupa.The pupa account is dismountable, and material is terylene gauze, plastics or stainless (steel) wire, is beneficial to sterilization.
15, emergence generally is arranged in mid-June to mid-October naturally, gets final product with natural normal temperature, and relative moisture is 60-65%.As the chrysalis of controlled emergence, need to move into refrigerating chamber in puparium sclerosis back, temperature is that 1-3 ℃, relative moisture are 60-65%, the storing time is 15-90 days, can produce or prolong the physiological dormancy.When need sprouting wings, moves into that storing is 26-28 ℃ in room temperature again after 24 hours in 6-10 ℃ the room temperature, relative moisture is to sprout wings in the greenhouse of 60-65%.The chrysalis that produce mid-June in mid-October to next year does not need through resting stage, directly the chrysalis that will sprout wings is placed in the greenhouse and sprouts wings, and temperature is 26-28 ℃, and relative moisture is 60-65%.
16, plant seed selection and the breeding of butterfly: big, the active many moving pupas of the body of selecting and remain pupa time; When adult is selected and remain and sprouts wings climbing strong, do not have deformity, do not have the work kind butterfly damaged, that body is big, female butterfly needs to breed in emergence kind of the solarium that in time provides and delivers in back 15 minutes.The female and male ratio example is 1: 2.To eliminate above old, weak, residual male butterfly of a week in the breeding solarium.
17, live collection, packing, the transportation of butterfly.Sprout wings and finish, behind the wing that dries in the air, can gather when the butterfly wing changes software strategy into software-hardware strategy.The butterfly that lives is packed one of every bag with porose right angle trigonometry paper bag; The butterfly laying method of living is: butterfly wing front closes up the front, and front and rear wing draws in, and feeler, closes up the right angle trigonometry paper bag and gets final product with the hypotenuse of protoloma collimation angle triangle paper bag backward near protoloma.Each hundred, adorn a case, packing case leaves pore.Transportation arrived to open to wrap with 48 hours and is advisable, and increased in time, and survival rate reduces.The butterfly cage mounted of living is safer, and survival rate is than the height of triangle wrapper.The butterfly cage is answered shading, and the butterfly that avoids living is restless.Butterfly cage specification length * wide * height is 30cm * 15cm * 15cm, and the amount of storing is no more than 100 butterflies.Transportation arrived to open to wrap with 48 hours and is advisable, and increased in time, and survival rate reduces.
18, the packed and transported of larva: the larva packing case, the offside at case is equipped with each pore at least, diameter 10mm, pore blocks with 30 order gauzes, in anti-larva flight or ant go into.Larva vanning transportation safety coefficient is higher than ovum, pupa, adult, the transportation of optimum 2,3,4 instars.Look larva quantity during vanning, worm age, the host plant of disposing enough company's branch band leaves, the lower end section part of branch inserts to be inhaled in the plastic sponge of water, and with the freshness protection package wrapping, to keep blade fresh, searched for food for larva.
19, the packed and transported of pupa: a spot of employing antiseptic napkin list is only packed, the porose plastic foam inner packing of a large amount of available dedicated, and 100 in every box is advisable, and avoids extruding, and external packing box has pore, pore to have 30 order gauzes to block.Haulage time is in 72 hours, and haulage time is long more, and eclosion rate is low more.
Claims (1)
1. papilio xuthus Linnaeus is characterized in that in the scale artificial culture method of the northern area of China:
(1) culture the northern area papilio xuthus Linnaeus, the geographical position is the area in China Qinling Mountains, to the north of the Huaihe River;
(2) select nature temperature-15～35 ℃, relative moisture 55～75%, below the height above sea level 700m, the sunshine time annual reaches the area without shade more than 1650 hours, and fertile soil is loose, and the ecotope with good bio-diversity is built papilio xuthus Linnaeus and is cultured the garden;
(3) plantation papilio xuthus Linnaeus host plant, described host plant is a Chinese prickly ash;
(4) plantation papilio xuthus Linnaeus nectariferous plant, described nectariferous plant is a lantana;
(5) papilio xuthus Linnaeus culturing net garden area is 200-300 square metre, and net garden and interval, net garden are more than 10 meters, and plantation hedgerow band; The area of plantation host plant should account for 1/2nd of net garden area in the net garden; The area of plantation nectariferous plant should account for 1/3rd of net garden area;
(6) to effectively sterilizing with room, soil, article, utensil;
(7) to Chinese prickly ash cultivation improvement: must be trimmed to the shrub shape, no trunk or trunk are no more than 20cm, cultivate the many side shoots of many major branches, highly be controlled at below 1.6 meters, impel to form the leafy luxuriant situation of branch, the collection of favourable ovum and larva, fruit is plucked in defloration in time, increases the output of leaf; Potted plant host plant searches for food for larva and carried out spray disinfectant with 100mg/L chlorine dioxide concentration solution in preceding 4 hours moving into the larva raising chamber;
(8) host plant that survives the winter and nectariferous plant should have the greenhouse, and room temperature remains on 7-28 ℃;
(9) greenhouse of laying eggs of breeding is set, forms the generation overlap breeding;
(10) the kind butterfly free choice feeding nectar source class plant of raising in the greenhouse, auxilliary 10% G/NS or the 10% honey physiological saline of raising;
(11) every batch of ovum that collection is produced on the same day, unified carrying out disinfection is with the 25mg/L ClO 2 solution, 22 ℃ of solution temperatures soak the 2min sterilization to ovum, put into sterilization hatching ware after drying, hatch in incubator, temperature is 28 ℃, and relative moisture is 65%;
(12) larva raising chamber, emergence chamber have anti-natural enemy measure, and screen door, screen window are set, and isolate tank, the well-ventilated, and temperature is controlled at 20-30 ℃, and relative moisture is controlled at 60-65%;
(13) after hatching larva, in time move into the larva raising chamber, put on the potted plant host plant larva in a suitable place to breed free choice feeding to 5 age; During this time, when a basin host plant by when having searched for food, the host plant of timely hyperphoric next basin to sterilize;
(14) after same batch of larva entered for 5 ages, raise the box from the host plant bottom the pupa account is gathered and moved into to potted plant host plant, manually pluck host plant, continue to search for food to pupating for larva;
(15) emergence is arranged in mid-June to mid-October naturally, gets final product with natural normal temperature; As the chrysalis of controlled emergence, to place refrigerating chamber and can produce or prolong the physiological dormancy, temperature is 1-3 ℃, relative moisture 60-65%; When needing to sprout wings, move in the greenhouse again and sprout wings; The chrysalis that produce mid-June in mid-October to next year does not need through resting stage, directly the chrysalis that will sprout wings is placed in the greenhouse and sprouts wings, and temperature is 26-28 ℃, relative moisture 60-65%;
(16) plant seed selection and the breeding of butterfly: the body of selecting and remain pupa time is big, active how moving; Breed in sprout wings kind of the solarium that in time provides and delivers in back 15 minutes of the work kind butterfly that adult is selected and remain does not has deformity, body is big, female butterfly;
(17) live collection, packing, the transportation of butterfly; The butterfly wing changes software strategy into software-hardware strategy, and can not gather when dancing in the air or just having danced in the air as yet, needs single only porose right angle trigonometry paper bag of usefulness of packing to pack; The butterfly cage mounted survival rate of living height, the butterfly cage is answered shading, and the butterfly that avoids living is restless, and transportation arrives opens bag, increases in time, and survival rate reduces;
(18) packed and transported of larva: the larva packing case is equipped with pore, and pore has 30 order gauzes to block, in anti-larva flight or ant go into, larva vanning transportation safety coefficient is higher than ovum, pupa, adult, transportation 2,3,4 instars, the host plant of company's branch band leaf that configuration is enough during vanning searches for food for larva;
(19) packed and transported of pupa: a spot of employing antiseptic napkin list is only packed, the special-purpose porose plastic foam inner packing of a large amount of usefulness, and outer box has pore, and pore has 30 order gauzes to block, and haulage time is in 72 hours, and haulage time is long more, and eclosion rate is low more.
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| CN102783458A (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2012-11-21 | 北京七彩蝶创意文化有限公司 | Annual artificial culture technology for cethosia cyane in northern region |
| CN103975903B (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2015-12-30 | 周利平 | The raising method of a kind of butterfly section hairstreak |
| CN105917975B (en) * | 2016-05-03 | 2019-04-19 | 北京林大林业科技股份有限公司 | The combined sorting and its breeding method of butterfly host plant |
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| CN101019521A (en) * | 2007-03-21 | 2007-08-22 | 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 | Large scale artificial swallowtail butterfly cultivating technology |
| CN201049811Y (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2008-04-23 | 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 | Chrysalid packing container |
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| CN101019521A (en) * | 2007-03-21 | 2007-08-22 | 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 | Large scale artificial swallowtail butterfly cultivating technology |
| CN201049811Y (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2008-04-23 | 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 | Chrysalid packing container |
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Address after: 101300 9 huahuagang South Road, Yang Town, Shunyi District, Beijing Patentee after: Beijing huahuagang Investment Development Co.,Ltd. Address before: 101300 9 huahuagang South Road, Yang Town, Shunyi District, Beijing Patentee before: Beijing Flower Port Investment And Development Center |