CN101784702B - 用来制造用于生产聚合纤维的纺纱溶液的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用来制造用于生产聚合纤维的纺纱溶液的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN101784702B
CN101784702B CN2008800161612A CN200880016161A CN101784702B CN 101784702 B CN101784702 B CN 101784702B CN 2008800161612 A CN2008800161612 A CN 2008800161612A CN 200880016161 A CN200880016161 A CN 200880016161A CN 101784702 B CN101784702 B CN 101784702B
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雷恩哈德·盖斯勒
皮埃尔·里奇迪
托马斯·伊森史密德
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D1/00Treatment of filament-forming or like material
    • D01D1/10Filtering or de-aerating the spinning solution or melt
    • D01D1/103De-aerating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/375Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
    • B29C48/385Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages using two or more serially arranged screws in separate barrels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/375Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
    • B29C48/39Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages a first extruder feeding the melt into an intermediate location of a second extruder
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D1/00Treatment of filament-forming or like material
    • D01D1/02Preparation of spinning solutions
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/58Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
    • D01F6/60Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyamides

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  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
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Abstract

一种制造用于生产聚合纤维、尤其是芳纶纤维(p-Aramid-Fser)的纺纱溶液的方法,其中聚合体被加入有溶剂、被混合、被熔化、被均匀化并且被去气,之后被排出,液态硫酸被用作溶剂,并且在尤其连续运转的单轴或者双轴反应器(1)中至少实现混合、均匀化和去气。

Description

用来制造用于生产聚合纤维的纺纱溶液的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制造用于生产聚合纤维、尤其是芳纶纤维(p-Aramid-Fser)的纺纱溶液的方法,其中聚合体被加入有溶剂、被混合、被熔化、被均匀化并且被去气,之后被排出,本发明还涉及用于该方法的设备。 
背景技术
今天,在私人的和工业的领域中的许多情况需要塑料纤维。例如,它适用于所有种类的衣服、加强织物、技术纺织品、零售薄衣料、过滤材料等等。为此,使通常成块地存在或者以粉末状存在的相应聚合体与溶剂相混合、被熔化、被均匀化、被去气,然后在仍然是粘性的状态下或者在进行中间输送之后又被供给到熔化的喷嘴中,然后它通过高压从该喷嘴中被压出以形成纤维。 
在US5882563中例如公开了一种由聚(对苯二甲酰对)来制造纤维的方法,在该方法中,在凝结点以下被冷却的硫酸与对位芳纶相混合成冰,从而得到固体混合物。之后,该固定混合物又被加热并且被熔化,及该液体在压力作用下通过纺纱喷嘴来取出。固体混合物的加热在两个分开的区域即熔化区域和压力形成区域内完成,其中聚合体至少在熔化区域内被捏合并且被混合。 
发明内容
本发明的目的是在同时提高设备内的剪切速度和尽量大的灵活性、过程可靠性和减少的设备组成部分时提供一种上述那样的方法和设备,该方法和设备将该产物供较长的停留时间使用。 
液态硫酸被用作溶剂,并且在尤其连续驱动的单轴或者双轴反应器(Ein-oder Zweiwellenreaktor)中至少实现混合、均匀化和去气,以实现这个目的。 
因此,不用考虑直到现在为止还需要使硫酸冷却到凝结点以下,这使得整个方法十分简单化并且费用低。 
此外,直到现在为止通常使用单轴反应器,但是该单轴反应器的剪切速度受到限制,并且它的扭矩消耗也受到限制。与此相反,通过双轴反应器,例如通过公开在EP0517068中的公司List的Typ CRP或者CKR的双轴 反应器获得非常好的结果,特别地,这涉及到产物在反应器内的停留时间、较大的反应器容积、自由的产物表面和系统的耐用性。特别强调的是,在唯一的一个反应器内进行该三个工艺步骤即混合、均匀化和去气。也可以仅为预混合设置一个独立的混合器。 
在捏合时,通过较大的产物表面能很好地去气和使表面翻新彻底。 
在双轴捏和装置中,两个轴可以以相同的速度或者也可以以不同的速度被操作,因此与在单轴反应器中的相比,产物的剪切速度和混合明显要好得多。此外,在双轴反应器内几乎没有不起作用的区域,在该区域内可以形成产物沉积物,然后该产物沉积物保留在反应器内并且可以导致产物的降解。 
本发明的其它特征尤其涉及液态硫酸和聚合体粉末的输入顺序。计量顺序的顺序被证明恰巧导致明显改善。可以使首先被输入的聚合体粉末与后面被输入的硫酸进行特别强烈的混合。粉末成分均匀地被硫酸包住。 
附图说明
图1是用来制造用于生产聚合纤维的纺纱溶液的本发明方法的示意性方框图解。 
图2是用来制造用于生产聚合纤维的纺纱溶液的本发明方法的另一个实施例的示意性方框图解。 
图3是用来制造用于生产聚合纤维的纺纱溶液的设备的另一个实施例的示意性方框图解。 
1:反应器        2:输入接管 
3:输入接管      4:余汽罩 
5:卸载装置      6:混合器 
7:计量接管      8:计量接管 
9:轴            10:排出孔 
11:输入接管     12:预冷却器 
具体实施方式
本发明的其它优点、特征和细节由优选实施例的下面描述及参照附图来给出。在附图中,图1是本发明用来制造用于生产聚合纤维的纺纱溶液的方法的示意性方框图;图2是本发明用来制造用于生产聚合纤维的纺纱溶液的方法的另一个实施例的示意性方框图;图3是本发明用来制造用于生产聚合纤维的纺纱溶液的设备的另一个实施例的示意性方框图。 
一种用来制造用于生产聚合纤维的纺纱溶液的本发明设备在中央处具有一个双轴(zweiwelligen)反应器1,与它例如在EP0517068中所描述的 那样。该反应器1具有两个输入接管2和3,其中输入接管3被用于液态硫酸,而输入接管2被用来添加粉末状的聚合体。预冷却器12可以接入到溶剂的输入管道中。 
此外,在反应器上还可以看见余汽罩4,在混合和均化反应器1内的产品时,通过该余汽罩4除去现存的气体。 
卸载装置5与反应器1相连接。它在本实施例中形成为双轴卸载装置。通过它,来自反应器1的混合产物到达没有详细示出的泵,该泵通过相应的喷嘴来压出混合产物以制造纤维。 
图2的本发明装置的实施例与图1的不同之处在于,在反应器1之前的聚合体和硫酸的预混合在混合器6内进行,然后使该混合产物已被预混合,及优选通过一个唯一的输入接管11来计量地被输入到反应器1中。聚合体和硫酸通过两个计量接管7和8被储入到混合器6中。 
图3的本发明设备的实施例与图2的不同之处在于,单轴(einwellige)卸载螺旋式输送机5.1与反应器1相连接,该输送机的轴9沿着轴向延伸到反应器1。因此,在排出孔10和反应器1的内部之间建立压力,以使混合产物可以连续地从反应器1中被排出。 
本发明的工作原理如下: 
在所示的图1的实施例中,在连续的反应器1中,尤其在公司List的混合捏和机中,借助Typ CRP或者CKR通过输入接管2和3来输入硫酸和聚合物粉末、尤其是聚对苯二甲酸对苯二酯(p-Polyphenyl-Terephthalamid)(PPTA)。该反应器与两个水平布置的、具有相应捏和元件的轴相合作,其中不仅外壳体可以加热,而且轴也可以加热,及在必要时捏和元件可以加热。 
与溶剂——在这种情况下是硫酸——产生紧密接触的聚合物粉末释放一定的溶液焓。该热量与通过反应器壁和捏和轴与接触加热输送量相结合,从而导致快速地加热和熔化该混合物。 
在这种情况下,它同时从输入接管2、3沿着卸载装置5的方向进行输送。在输送期间,又使混合产物去气,其中气体通过余汽罩4被排出。如此深深地被彻底搅拌过的产物通过卸载装置5来排出。 
根据图2的实施例,使聚合体粉末与硫酸进行预混合。在这种情况下事实证明,在这种顺序中,聚合体粉末和硫酸之间的混合是很强烈的。首先,已经被预混合过的产物被输入到反应器1中,在那里被均匀化并且被去气。这种排出又通过卸载装置5来实现,但是,也可以如图3所示那样,使用一个单轴卸载装置5.1。 

Claims (10)

1.一种制造用于生产芳纶纤维的纺纱溶液的方法,其中聚合体被加入有溶剂、被混合、被熔化、被均匀化并且被去气,之后被排出,其特征在于,液态硫酸被用作溶剂,并且在连续运转的单轴或者双轴捏合装置中至少实现混合、均匀化和去气。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在真空下实现聚合体和硫酸的处理。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,硫酸与聚合体在混合器(6)内被预混合,之后计量地被供给到捏合装置中。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,混合的溶液焓同时被用来加热产物。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,在整个捏合区域长度上实现均匀地去气。
6.一种用来实现如权利要求1至5中至少一个所述方法的设备,其特征在于,该单轴或者双轴捏合装置具有一个用来混合聚合体和液态硫酸的输入接管(11)或者用于聚合体和液态硫酸的、两个分开的输入接管(2、3)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的设备,其特征在于,在双轴捏合装置中,使两个轴同步地旋转。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的设备,其特征在于,混合器(6)串接捏合装置。
9.根据权利要求6或7所述的设备,其特征在于,具有可变转速的一个单轴或者双轴卸载装置(5)与捏合装置相连接。
10.根据权利要求6或7所述的设备,其特征在于,捏合装置包括单轴的卸载螺旋式输送机(5.1),该输送机的旋转轴(9)轴向平行于捏合装置的轴地延伸,并且该螺旋式输送机与两个捏合轴中的一个相固定连接。
CN2008800161612A 2007-05-14 2008-05-14 用来制造用于生产聚合纤维的纺纱溶液的方法和设备 Active CN101784702B (zh)

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ATE557117T1 (de) 2012-05-15
US8129460B2 (en) 2012-03-06
ES2387176T3 (es) 2012-09-17
CN101784702A (zh) 2010-07-21
KR101290886B1 (ko) 2013-07-29
CA2687407A1 (en) 2008-11-20
EP2147136A1 (de) 2010-01-27
RU2009141299A (ru) 2011-06-20
KR20100017719A (ko) 2010-02-16
WO2008138597A1 (de) 2008-11-20
CH700932B1 (de) 2010-11-15
US20100160525A1 (en) 2010-06-24

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