CN101772854B - 燃料电池系统 - Google Patents
燃料电池系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101772854B CN101772854B CN2008801014659A CN200880101465A CN101772854B CN 101772854 B CN101772854 B CN 101772854B CN 2008801014659 A CN2008801014659 A CN 2008801014659A CN 200880101465 A CN200880101465 A CN 200880101465A CN 101772854 B CN101772854 B CN 101772854B
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- scavenging
- mentioned
- temperature
- starting
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000009183 running Effects 0.000 claims description 54
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 31
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000012802 pre-warming Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 11
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003775 Density Functional Theory Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供一种燃料电池系统,即使在上次系统停止时未进行必要充分的扫气的情况下,也能够在本次系统运转中进行充分的扫气。控制装置(7)在检测得知输入了系统起动命令且低温模式标志(80)为“开”时,比较存储在测定阻抗存储器(91)中的上次系统停止时的测定阻抗Im和存储在基准阻抗存储器(92)中的低温起动目标阻抗It,判断上次系统停止时实施的扫气处理是否不充分。控制装置(7)在判断为扫气处理不充分的情况下,通过在本次系统运转中执行快速预热运转,从而快速升温。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种燃料电池系统。
背景技术
燃料电池存在如下问题:在外部温度较低的情况下,在燃料电池系统停止后,其内部产生的水会冻结,配管或阀等破损;或者冻结的水阻塞气体流路,在下次起动燃料电池时妨碍气体的供给,电化学反应无法充分进行。
鉴于上述问题,提出了一种在需要在外部气体温度较低的环境下停止系统时,执行用于减少燃料电池内部的剩余水量的扫气处理,从而防止配管或阀等的冻结的技术(例如参照下述专利文献1)。
专利文献1:日本特开2005-108832号公报
但是,由于某些理由(例如燃料气体的剩余量较少等),有时也存在没有进行充分必要的扫气处理(换言之,扫气不充分的状态)就停止系统的情况。
在这种扫气不充分的状态下停止运转,并在运转重新开始后不久停止运转的情况下(例如去附近的超市等情况),变为在燃料电池未充分预热的状态下进行系统停止时的扫气处理。这样一来,在燃料电池未充分预热的状态下进行扫气处理会产生无法充分扫气、发电不稳定的问题。
发明内容
本发明鉴于上述说明的问题,其目的在于提供一种燃料电池系统,即使在上次系统停止时没有进行充分必要的扫气的情况下,在本次系统运转中也能够进行充分的扫气。
为了达到上述目的,本发明的燃料电池系统在低温起动时,进行预热运转直至燃料电池的关联温度达到基准温度,其特征在于,包括:第一判断单元,判断系统起动时是否应当进行低温起动;第二判断单元,判断上次系统停止时所实施的扫气处理是否不充分;运转控制单元,在由上述各判断单元判断为应当进行低温起动且上次系统停止时所实施的扫气处理不充分的情况下,继续进行预热运转直到上述燃料电池的关联温度达到比上述基准温度高的目标温度;以及扫气单元,在系统停止时进行扫气处理。
根据上述结构,在判断为系统起动时应当进行低温起动,且判断为上次系统停止时实施的扫气处理不充分的情况下,继续进行预热运转直到燃料电池的关联温度达到比基准温度(例如0℃)高的目标温度(例如70℃)。因此,即使在短时间内停止运转的情况下,也能够在使燃料电池的温度升温至目标温度的状态下进行充分的扫气处理。众所周知,在燃料电池的温度较低的状态下进行扫气处理时,会产生不能充分扫气等问题,但根据上述结构,在使燃料电池的温度升温至目标温度的状态下进行扫气处理,因此能够准备下次低温起动而进行充分的扫气。
在此,在上述结构中,优选上述运转控制单元在上述预热运转结束后转换为通常运转,上述预热运转是与上述通常运转相比电力损失较大的低效率运转。
并且,在上述结构中,优选还具有测定系统停止时上述燃料电池的阻抗的阻抗测定单元,上述第二判断单元基于上次系统停止时测定的上述燃料电池的阻抗,判断上述扫气处理是否不充分。
进而,也可以还具有:扫气单元,在系统停止时进行扫气处理;及扫气时间测定单元,测定上述系统停止时的扫气时间,上述第二判断单元基于上次系统停止时测定的上述扫气时间,判断上述扫气处理是否不充分。
另外,也可以还具有推测系统停止时上述燃料电池的剩余水量的推测单元,上述第二判断单元基于上次系统停止时测定的上述燃料电池的剩余水量,判断上述扫气处理是否不充分。
并且,在上述任一结构中,还优选上述燃料电池的关联温度包括外部气体温度、燃料电池周边的部件温度、燃料电池的制冷剂温度中的至少任意一个,上述第一判断单元基于上述燃料电池的关联温度,判断是否应当进行低温起动。
如以上说明所述,根据本发明,即使在上次系统停止时没有进行充分必要的扫气的情况下,也能够在本次系统运转中进行充分的扫气。
附图说明
图1是第一实施方式的燃料电池系统的结构图。
图2是表示本实施方式的系统停止时的处理流程的流程图。
图3是表示本实施方式的系统起动时的处理流程的流程图。
图4是第二实施方式的燃料电池系统的结构图。
图5是表示本实施方式的系统停止时的处理流程的流程图。
图6是第三实施方式的燃料电池系统的结构图。
图7是表示本实施方式的系统停止时的处理流程的流程图。
具体实施方式
以下参照附图对本发明的优选实施方式进行说明。首先,对本发明的燃料电池系统的概要进行说明。
A.第一实施方式
图1是第一实施方式的燃料电池系统1的结构图。
燃料电池系统1可以搭载在燃料电池汽车(FCHV)、电动汽车、混合动力汽车等的车辆100上。然而,燃料电池系统1也可以适用于车辆100以外的各种移动体(例如船舶或飞机、火箭等)或定置型电源、进而便携型燃料电池系统中。
燃料电池系统1包括:燃料电池2;将作为氧化气体的空气供给到燃料电池2的氧化气体配管系统3;将作为燃料气体的氢气供给到燃料电池2的燃料气体配管系统4;向燃料电池2供给制冷剂的制冷剂配管系统5;充放电系统1的电力的电力系统6;以及集中控制系统1的运转的控制装置7。氧化气体和燃料气体可以总称为反应气体。
燃料电池2例如由固体高分子电解质型构成,具有层积多个单体电池的堆叠结构。单体电池在由离子交换膜构成的电解质的一侧面上具有空气极(阴极),在另一侧面上具有燃料极(阳极),进而具有从两侧夹住空气极及燃料极的一对隔板。向一侧的隔板的氧化气体流路2a供给氧化气体,向另一侧的隔板的燃料气体流路2b供给燃料气体。通过所供给的燃料气体与氧化气体的电化学反应,燃料电池2产生电力。燃料电池2中的电化学反应是发热反应,固体高分子电解质型的燃料电池2的温度大概为60~80℃。
氧化气体配管系统3具有:向燃料电池2供给的氧化气体流过的供给通路11以及从燃料电池2排出的氧化废气流过的排出通路12。供给通路11经由氧化气体流路2a与排出通路12连通。氧化废气包含由燃料电池2的电池反应而生成的水分,因而变为高湿润状态。
在供给通路11上设有:经由空气过滤器13而取入外部气体的压缩机14;以及对由压缩机14向燃料电池2压送的氧化气体进行加湿的加湿器15。加湿器15在流过供给通路11的低湿润状态的氧化气体和流过排出通路12的高湿润状态的氧化废气之间进行水分交换,对供给到燃料电池2的氧化气体适度加湿。
燃料电池2的空气极侧的背压由设置在阴极出口附近的排出通路12上的背压调整阀16进行调整。在背压调整阀16附近设有检测排出通路12内的压力的压力传感器P1。氧化废气经由背压调整阀16以及加湿器15,最终作为废气被排出到系统外的大气中。
燃料气体配管系统4具有:氢供给源21;从氢供给源21向燃料电池2供给的氢气流过的供给通路22;用于使从燃料电池2排出的氢废气(燃料废气)返回到供给通路22的合流点A的循环通路23;将循环通路23内的氢废气压送到供给通路22的泵24;以及与循环通路23分支连接的清洁通路25。通过打开主阀26而从氢供给源21流出到供给通路22的氢气经由调压阀27等减压阀以及截止阀28被供给到燃料电池2。在清洁通路25上设有用于将氢废气排出到氢稀释器(省略图示)的清洁阀33。
制冷剂配管系统5具有:与燃料电池2内的冷却流路2c连通的制冷剂流路41;设置在制冷剂流路41上的冷却泵42;对从燃料电池2排出的制冷剂进行冷却的散热器43;绕过散热器43的旁通流路44;以及设定向散热器43及旁通流路44的冷却水的通流的切换阀45。制冷剂流路41具有设置在燃料电池2的制冷剂入口附近的温度传感器46以及设置在燃料电池2的制冷剂出口附近的温度传感器47。温度传感器47检测的制冷剂温度(燃料电池的关联温度)反映燃料电池2的内部温度(以下称为燃料电池2的温度)。另外,温度传感器47也可以检测燃料电池周边的部件温度(燃料电池的关联温度)用来代替制冷剂温度(或者除了制冷剂温度之外,还检测燃料电池周边的部件温度)。并且,燃料电池的冷却泵42通过马达驱动而向燃料电池2循环供给制冷剂流路41内的制冷剂。
电力系统6具有高压DC/DC转换器61、蓄电池62、牵引变换器63、牵引马达64以及各种辅机变换器65、66、67。高压DC/DC转换器61是直流的电压变换器,具有调整从蓄电池62输入的直流电压而向牵引变换器63侧输出的功能以及调整从燃料电池2或牵引马达64输入的直流电压而向蓄电池62输出的功能。通过高压DC/DC转换器61的这些功能来实现蓄电池62的充放电。另外,通过高压DC/DC转换器61控制燃料电池2的输出电压。
牵引变换器63将直流电流变换为三相交流,并供给到牵引马达64。牵引马达64例如是三相交流马达。牵引马达64构成搭载有燃料电池系统1的例如车辆100的主动力源,与车辆100的车轮101L、101R连接。辅机变换器65、66、67分别控制压缩机14、泵24、冷却泵42的马达的驱动。
控制装置7作为内部具有CPU、ROM、RAM的微机构成。CPU根据控制程序执行所希望的运算,进行通常运转的控制以及后述的预热运转的控制等各种处理或控制。ROM存储由CPU处理的控制程序或控制数据。RAM主要作为用于控制处理的各种作业区域使用。
计时器70、电压传感器72以及电流传感器73与控制装置7连接。计时器70对用于控制燃料电池系统1的运转所需要的各种时间进行计测(下文详述)。电压传感器72检测燃料电池2的输出电压(FC电压)。具体来说,电压传感器72检测燃料电池2的多个单体电池中的每一个单体电池发电的电压(以下称为“单体电压”)。由此,把握燃料电池2的各单体电池的状态。电流传感器73检测燃料电池2的输出电流(FC电流)。
控制装置7输入来自各种压力传感器P1或温度传感器46、47、检测燃料电池系统1所放置的环境的外部气体温度(燃料电池的关联温度)的外部气体温度传感器51以及检测车辆100的油门开度的油门开度传感器等各种传感器的检测信号,向各构成要素(压缩机14、背压调整阀16等)输出控制信号。并且,控制装置(第二判断单元)7在低温模式下起动(以下称为低温起动)时,判断上次系统停止时实施的扫气处理是否不充分,判断是否需要降低燃料电池2的剩余水量。在此,控制装置(第一判断单元)7基于低温模式标志80的标志值判断是否是低温起动。低温模式标志80的标志值,在由驾驶员等进行按钮操作而输入低温模式下的起动命令的情况下,由控制装置7设定为“开”,另一方面,在未进行上述操作(也包括初始设定)的情况下,由控制装置7设定为“关”。
在此,基于上次系统停止时测定的燃料电池2的阻抗,判断上次系统停止时实施的扫气处理是否不充分。详细来说,首先,控制装置(阻抗测定单元)7在每次系统停止时进行燃料电池2的阻抗测定。在进行燃料电池2的阻抗测定时,控制装置7以规定的取样比例对由电压传感器72检测出的燃料电池2的电压(FC电压)以及由电流传感器73检测出的燃料电池的电流(FC电流)进行取样,实施傅里叶变换处理(FFT运算处理或DFT运算处理)等。并且,控制装置7将傅里叶变换处理后的FC电压信号除以傅里叶变换处理后的FC电流信号等来测定燃料电池2的阻抗。
控制装置7将这样测定出的燃料电池2的阻抗(测定阻抗)存储在测定阻抗存储器91内,停止该系统。其后,控制装置(第一判断单元)7在通过点火开关的打开操作等输入系统的起动命令且检测得知低温模式标志80被置为“开”时,读出测定阻抗存储器91中存储的上次系统停止时的测定阻抗Im,并读出基准阻抗存储器92中存储的低温起动目标阻抗It,比较两个阻抗。
在此,低温起动目标阻抗It是用于判断低温模式下起动时燃料电池2的剩余水量是否适当的基准值,预先通过实验等求出。具体来说,通过实验等求出用于得到最佳剩余水量的测定阻抗,将其映射化而存储在基准阻抗存储器51中。另外,低温起动目标阻抗It可以是固定的,但也可以根据起动前的燃料电池2的温度等适当地改变低温起动目标阻抗。
控制装置(第二判断单元)7比较两阻抗的结果是判断为上述系统停止时实施的扫气处理不充分、本次系统起动时需要减少燃料电池2的剩余水量时,控制装置(运转控制单元)7在燃料电池2的温度达到起动基准温度T1(例如0℃等)的时刻设定为“准备开(Ready ON)”后,为了使燃料电池2的温度快速升温到目标温度T2(>T1;70℃等),进行快速预热运转。在此,快速预热运转是指,通过使燃料电池2自身发热,可在比通常运转短的时间内使燃料电池2升温的运转。作为这种预热运转,除了与通常运转相比使反应气体趋于不足以增大电力损失的低效率运转,即,使燃料电池2的发电效率降低以增加发热量的低效率运转以外,还可以例举出使燃料电池2的输出电流增大而使伴随着发电的发热量增加的运转。另外,换言之,通常运转可以说是发电效率比较高的运转,低效率运转可以说是发电效率比较低的远转。另外,在本实施方式中,作为快速预热运转,以低效率运转为例进行说明。
控制装置7在通过快速预热运转快速升温到目标温度T2时,转换为通常运转。其后,通过点火开关的关闭操作等输入系统的停止命令时,控制装置(扫气单元)7为了准备下次低温起动而使燃料电池2的剩余水量保持在适当的值,执行必要的扫气处理。
这样一来,判断在低温起动时上次系统停止时所实施的扫气处理是否不充分。在判断为扫气处理不充分的情况下,通过在本次系统运转中执行快速预热运转来快速升温。这样一来,在系统运转开始后,快速进行快速预热运转,由此即使在重新开始运转后不久就停止运转的情况下(例如,去附近的超市的情况等;参照发明内容部分),燃料电池2已经被充分预热,因此能够进行充分的扫气。由此,在下次系统起动时,能够在适当地保持燃料电池2的剩余水量的状态下开始发电。下文对燃料电池系统1停止运转时以及运转起动时的控制进行说明。
<运转停止时的处理流程>
图2是表示燃料电池系统1停止时的处理流程的流程图。另外,在以下的说明中,假设车辆100在低温模式下(燃料电池2的温度低于阈值温度等)行驶的情况。
通过由车辆100的驾驶员进行的点火开关的关闭操作等输入燃料电池系统1的运转停止指令时(步骤S110),为了准备下次的低温起动,进行扫气处理(步骤S120)。
在此,扫气处理是指,在燃料电池系统2运转结束时,将燃料电池2内的水分排出到外部,从而对燃料电池2内进行扫气,阴极系统(氧化气体配管系统3)的扫气处理如下进行:在停止向燃料电池2供给氢气的状态下,通过压缩机14将氧化气体供给到氧化气体流路2a,通过该供给的氧化气体,将包含氧化气体流路2a中残留的生成水的水分向排出通路12排出。另外,也可以在阴极系统的扫气处理的基础上(或进行替代)进行阳极系统(燃料气体配管系统4)的扫气处理,但由于可以进行相同的说明,因此在此省略其说明。
控制装置7在扫气处理结束时,如上所述进行燃料电池2的阻抗测定(步骤S130)。并且,控制装置7将通过阻抗测定得到的测定阻抗存储在测定阻抗存储器91中后,停止该系统。
<运转起动时的处理流程>
如图4所示,例如通过由车辆100的驾驶员进行的点火开关的打开操作等指令燃料电池系统1的运转开始时(步骤S210),控制装置7参照低温模式标志80判断是否应当进行低温起动(步骤S220)。如上所述,低温模式标志80在由驾驶员等进行按钮操作而输入低温模式下的起动命令的情况下,由控制装置7设定为“开”,另一方面,在未进行上述操作(也包括初始设定)的情况下,由控制装置7设定为“关”。
控制装置7在判断为不应当进行低温起动的情况下(步骤S220;否),前进至步骤S260,开始通常运转。另一方面,控制装置7在判断为应当进行低温起动时(步骤S220;是),把握上次系统停止时燃料电池2的剩余水量,判断上次系统停止时的扫气处理是否不充分(步骤S230)。具体来说,如上所述,比较存储在测定阻抗存储器91中的上次系统停止时的测定阻抗Im和存储在基准阻抗存储器92中的低温起动目标阻抗It。
控制装置7从比较的结果是测定阻抗Im为低温起动目标阻抗It以上判断上次系统停止时的扫气处理是充分的(步骤S230;否),前进至步骤S260,开始通常运转。另一方面,控制装置7丛比较的结果是测定阻抗Im小于低温起动目标阻抗It判断上次系统停止时的扫气处理是不充分的(步骤S230;是),在燃料电池2的温度达到起动基准温度T1(例如0℃等)的时刻设定为“准备开(Ready ON)”后,为了使燃料电池2的温度快速达到目标温度T2(>T1;0℃等),开始进行快速预热运转(步骤S240)。
其后,控制装置7判断通过快速预热运转是否升温到目标温度T2(步骤S250)。当控制装置7判断为未升温至目标温度T2时,返回步骤S240,继续快速预热运转。另一方面,当控制装置7判断为已升温至目标温度T2时,前进至步骤S260,进行通常运转。
其后,控制装置7判断是否被指令燃料电池系统1的运转停止(步骤S270)。控制装置7未被指令燃料电池系统1的运转停止的情况下,返回步骤S260,继续通常运转。另一方面,控制装置7检测得知由驾驶员进行的点火开关的关闭操作等而指令了燃料电池系统1的运转停止时(步骤S270;是),为了准备下次低温起动而充分降低燃料电池2的剩余水量,进行了扫气处理后(步骤S280)结束处理。
如上述所说明的那样,根据本实施方式,在判断为系统起动时应当进行低温起动且上次系统停止时所实施的扫气处理不充分的情况下,通过在本次系统运转中进行快速预热运转,从而使燃料电池2的温度快速升温到目标温度T2,其后,在被指令该系统的运转停止时进行扫气处理。因此,即使在短时间内停止运转的情况下,也能够在使燃料电池2的温度升温至目标温度T2的状态下进行充分的扫气处理。众所周知,在燃料电池2的温度较低的状态下进行扫气处理时,会产生无法充分扫气等问题,但根据上述结构,在使燃料电池2的温度上升至目标温度T2的状态下进行扫气处理,因而能够为下次低温起动做准备而进行充分的扫气。
B.第二实施方式
在上述第一实施方式中,利用测定阻抗来判断上次系统停止时的扫气处理是否不充分,但也可以利用扫气时间来判断上次系统停止时的扫气处理是否不充分。图4是表示第二实施方式的燃料电池系统1’的结构的图。另外,对与图1对应的部分标以相同标号,省略其详细说明。
测定扫气时间存储器91a是存储系统停止时执行的扫气处理的时间(测定扫气时间)Tm的存储器,基准扫气时间存储器92a是存储扫气时间的上限值(以下称为扫气上限时间)Tt的存储器。扫气上限时间Tt与本实施方式中的低温起动目标阻抗It同样,是用于判断低温模式起动时燃料电池2的剩余水量是否适当的基准值,预先通过实验等求出。
图5是表示第二实施方式的燃料电池系统1’停止时的处理流程的流程图,是与上述图2对应的流程图。另外,对于与上述图2对应的步骤标以相同标号,省略其详细说明。并且,在以下的说明中,与第一实施方式同样地,假设车辆100在低温模式(燃料电池2的温度低于阈值温度等)下行驶的情况。
通过由车辆100的驾驶员进行的点火开关的关闭操作等输入燃料电池系统1的运转停止指令时(步骤S110),为了准备下次的低温起动,进行扫气处理(步骤S120)。
进而,控制装置(扫气时间测定单元)7利用计时器70计测从扫气处理开始到扫气处理结束为止的时间(扫气时间)Tm(步骤S130’),将计测了的扫气时间存储在测定扫气时间存储器91a中后(步骤S140’),结束处理。
其后,如图3所示,例如通过由车辆100的驾驶员进行的点火开关的打开操作等指令燃料电池系统1的运转开始时(步骤S210),控制装置7参照低温模式标志80判断是否应当进行低温起动(步骤S220)。控制装置7在判断为应当进行低温起动时(步骤S220;是),把握上次系统停止时燃料电池2的剩余水量,判断上次系统停止时的扫气处理是否不充分(步骤S230)。在本实施方式中,基于上次系统停止时的扫气时间来判断该扫气处理是否不充分。详细来说,控制装置7比较存储在测定扫气时间存储器91a中的上次系统停止时的测定扫气时间Tm和存储在基准扫气时间存储器92a中的扫气上限时间Tt。控制装置(第二判断单元)7从比较的结果是测定扫气时间Tm为扫气上限时间Tt以上判断上次系统停止时的扫气处理是不充分的(步骤S230;是),执行快速预热运转(步骤S240)。另外,对于其他动作,可以与上述实施方式同样地进行说明,在这里省略更多的说明。
这样,也可以利用扫气时间来判断上次系统停止时的扫气处理是否不充分。另外,也可以利用测定阻抗来判断上次系统停止时的扫气处理是否不充分(第一实施方式),并且利用扫气时间来判断上次系统停止时的扫气处理是否不充分(第二实施方式),基于上述两者的判断结果(例如或条件、和条件),判断是否执行快速预热运转。
C.第三实施方式
在第二实施方式中,利用扫气时间判断上次系统停止时的扫气处理是否不充分,但也可以利用残留水推测值来判断上次系统停止时的扫气处理是否不充分。
图6是表示第三实施方式的燃料电池系统1”的结构的图。另外,对与图4对应的部分标以相同标号,省略其详细说明。
剩余水量推测值存储器91b是存储系统停止时的燃料电池2的剩余水量的推测值(以下称为剩余水量推测值)We的存储器,起动时目标剩余水量存储器92b是存储系统起动时作为目标的剩余水量(以下称为起动时目标剩余水量)Wt的存储器。起动时目标剩余水量Wt与第二实施方式中的扫气上限时间Tt同样,是用于判断低温模式起动时燃料电池2的剩余水量是否适当的基准值,预先通过实验等求出。
图7是表示第三实施方式的燃料电池系统1”停止时的处理流程的流程图,是与上述图5对应的流程图。另外,对于与上述图5对应的步骤标以相同标号,省略其详细说明。并且,在以下的说明中,与第二实施方式同样地,假设车辆100在低温模式(燃料电池2的温度低于阈值温度等)下行驶的情况。
通过由车辆100的驾驶员进行的点火开关的关闭操作等输入燃料电池系统1的运转停止指令时(步骤S110),为了准备下次的低温起动,进行扫气处理(步骤S120)。
进而,控制装置(推测单元)7利用由压缩机14供给到燃料电池2的氧化气体的供给量、伴随着燃料电池2的发电而生成的水分量(生成水量)、外部加湿水分量的积分值等,导出剩余水量推测值We(步骤S130”),将导出的剩余水量推测值We存储在剩余水量推测值存储器70b中后(步骤S140”),结束处理。
其后,如图4所示,例如通过由车辆100的驾驶员进行的点火开关的打开作等指令燃料电池系统1的运转开始时(步骤S210),控制装置7参照低温模式标志80,判断是否应当进行低温起动(步骤S220)。控制装置7在判断为应当进行低温起动时(步骤S220;是),把握上次系统停止时燃料电池2的剩余水量,判断上次系统停止时的扫气处理是否不充分(步骤S230)。在第三实施方式中,基于上次系统停止时导出的剩余水量推测值来判断该扫气处理是否不充分。详细来说,控制装置7比较存储在剩余水量推测值存储器91b中的上次系统停止时导出的剩余水量推测值We和存储在起动时目标剩余水量存储器92b中的起动时目标剩余水量Wt。控制装置(第二判断单元)7从比较的结果是剩余水量推测值We为起动时目标剩余水量Wt以上,判断上次系统停止时的扫气处理是不充分的(步骤S230;是),执行快速预热运转(步骤S240)。另外,对于其他动作,可以与上述实施方式同样地进行说明,在这里省略更多的说明。
这样,也可以利用剩余水量推测值来判断上次系统停止时的扫气处理是否不充分。另外,也可以利用测定阻抗来判断上次系统停止时的扫气处理是否不充分(第一实施方式),并且利用扫气时间来判断上次系统停止时的扫气处理是否不充分(第二实施方式),进而利用剩余水量推测值来判断上次系统停止时的扫气处理是否不充分(第三实施方式),基于上述三个参数的判断结果(例如或条件、和条件),判断是否执行快速预热运转。
另外,在以上说明的各实施方式中,在由驾驶员等进行按钮操作来输入低温模式下的起动命令的情况下,判断为应当进行低温起动,但也可以基于由温度传感器46、47或外部气体温度传感器51检测出的燃料电池2的关联温度来自动判断是否应当进行低温起动。详细来说,控制装置(第一判断单元)7比较由温度传感器46、47、外部气体温度传感器51检测出的燃料电池2的关联温度和预先存储在存储器等中的起动判断基准温度(例如0℃)。控制装置7在检测出的燃料电池2的关联温度小于起动判断基准温度的情况下,判断为应当进行低温起动,将低温模式标志80从“关”切换为“开”。这样一来,也可以不依赖于驾驶员等进行的按钮操作,基于燃料电池2的关联温度来自动判断是否应当进行低温起动。
Claims (6)
1.一种燃料电池系统,在低温起动时,进行预热运转直到燃料电池的关联温度达到基准温度,其特征在于,包括:
第一判断单元,判断系统起动时是否应当进行低温起动;
第二判断单元,判断上次系统停止时所实施的扫气处理是否不充分;
运转控制单元,在由上述各判断单元判断为应当进行低温起动且上次系统停止时所实施的扫气处理不充分的情况下,继续进行预热运转,直到上述燃料电池的关联温度达到比上述基准温度高的目标温度;以及
扫气单元,在系统停止时进行扫气处理,
上述燃料电池的关联温度包括外部气体温度、燃料电池周边的部件温度、燃料电池的制冷剂温度中的至少任意一个。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃料电池系统,其特征在于,
上述运转控制单元在结束上述预热运转后转换为通常运转,
上述预热运转是与上述通常运转相比电力损失较大的低效率运转。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的燃料电池系统,其特征在于,
还具有测定系统停止时上述燃料电池的阻抗的阻抗测定单元,
上述第二判断单元基于上次系统停止时所测定的上述燃料电池的阻抗,判断上述扫气处理是否不充分。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的燃料电池系统,其特征在于,
还具有测定上述系统停止时的扫气时间的扫气时间测定单元,
上述第二判断单元基于上次系统停止时所测定的上述扫气时间,判断上述扫气处理是否不充分。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的燃料电池系统,其特征在于,
还具有推测系统停止时上述燃料电池的剩余水量的推测单元,
上述第二判断单元基于上次系统停止时所推测的上述燃料电池的剩余水量,判断上述扫气处理是否不充分。
6.根据权利要求1所述的燃料电池系统,其特征在于,
上述第一判断单元基于上述燃料电池的关联温度,判断是否应当进行低温起动。
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WO2014109239A1 (ja) * | 2013-01-09 | 2014-07-17 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム及びその制御方法 |
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CN114335617B (zh) * | 2020-09-30 | 2023-10-24 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | 一种燃料电池系统停机吹扫的自适应控制方法 |
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- 2007-07-30 JP JP2007197401A patent/JP5056239B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-07-23 WO PCT/JP2008/063625 patent/WO2009017140A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2008-07-23 KR KR1020107001858A patent/KR101085505B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2008-07-23 CN CN2008801014659A patent/CN101772854B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-07-23 US US12/670,366 patent/US20100209791A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-07-23 DE DE112008001996T patent/DE112008001996T5/de not_active Withdrawn
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JP特开2007-122911A 2007.05.17 |
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KR101085505B1 (ko) | 2011-11-23 |
DE112008001996T5 (de) | 2010-06-02 |
CN101772854A (zh) | 2010-07-07 |
US20100209791A1 (en) | 2010-08-19 |
JP2009032610A (ja) | 2009-02-12 |
KR20100025012A (ko) | 2010-03-08 |
WO2009017140A1 (ja) | 2009-02-05 |
JP5056239B2 (ja) | 2012-10-24 |
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