CN101762409A - Automatic urban rainfall runoff sampler - Google Patents
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- CN101762409A CN101762409A CN201010101367A CN201010101367A CN101762409A CN 101762409 A CN101762409 A CN 101762409A CN 201010101367 A CN201010101367 A CN 201010101367A CN 201010101367 A CN201010101367 A CN 201010101367A CN 101762409 A CN101762409 A CN 101762409A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an automatic urban rainfall runoff sampler characterized by comprising a tank body, a catchment structure, a sampling chamber and an instrument control room, wherein the tank body is cuboid; an openable upper cover constitutes the upper part of the tank body and is fixed with the lower part of the tank body via fasteners; hooks are arranged at four corners of the upper cover of the tank body; the catchment structure comprises a detachable catchment hopper arranged outside the tank body and an automatic opening/closing device thereof; the sampling chamber consists of a water guiding pipe, a water inlet pipe, a rotating shaft, a sampling base, a sampling ring and a water discharging pipe; the instrument control room is located on the right side of the tank body and separated from the sampling chamber; a rainwater sensor, a stepping motor and a storage battery are placed inside the instrument control room; and the instrument control room is further provided with an openable door, so as to facilitate the device maintenance and repair. The automatic urban rainfall runoff sampler of the invention has the characteristics of high automation level, compact structure, small size, high portability and convenient management. Therefore, the invention is applicable to the collection of rainfall runoff in the urban wayside sewers and other places for the collection of rainfall runoff or water flow.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to a kind of automatic urban rainfall runoff sampler, especially a kind of urban pavement rainfall runoff of gathering at times is to be used for the automatic sampler that urban non-point source pollution is analyzed.This sampling thief can be applied to environmental monitoring, rainfall runoff is gathered by hydrometeorological department.
[background technology]
According to the difference of pollution source characteristic, water pollutes can be divided into point-source pollution and non-point pollution.Urban non-point source pollution is meant urban rainfall runoff drip washing and washes away atmosphere and the pollution of the receiving water body that the gathering ground all contaminations causes.Wherein, rainfall is the kinetic factor that urban non-point source pollution forms, and the runoff that rainfall forms is the carrier of non-point source pollutant migration, so the urban non-point source pollution of narrow sense just is meant that rainfall runoff pollutes, and it is the principal mode of urban non-point source pollution.Compare with point-source pollution, non-point pollution has features such as the difficulty of the space and time difference of uncertainty, pollutional load of randomness, discharging approach and pollutant emission and monitoring, control and management is big.Pollutant kind has suspension (traffic, atmosphere dried wet deposition thing, chimney flue dust), nutriment (nitrogen phosphorus), aerobic substance (house refuse, leaf, grass and mixed and disorderly discarded object are stacked) and noxious material (heavy metal, pesticide, polychlorinated biphenyl, palycyclic aromatic etc.).
Given this background, the water quality monitoring work of urban rainfall runoff become the important foundation that the research non-point pollution forms rule, also provide the district monitoring data for estimation urban non-point source pollution load on the large scale simultaneously.Because the characteristics and the development of urbanization in city self constantly increase the city impervious surface, run-off increases, and crest discharge shifts to an earlier date, and pollutional load is bigger at rainfall initial stage value, has a significantly first wall effect in time.There are some researches show, in a rainfall, account for the initial stage runoff of total runoff 20% or 25%, wash away and discharged 50% of runoff blowdown flow rate.Therefore, collection rainfall runoff at times is extremely important for the load and the variation of research urban non-point source pollution.Need to gather rainfall runoff in the environmental monitoring, adopt manually of past more, promptly the monitoring personnel repeatedly hold sampling container and accept water sample when rainfall.But in thunderstorm weather, manually gather not only time-consuming, the effort of storm runoff sample, also relatively more dangerous.Therefore, gathering the rainfall sample automatically, efficiently is the problem that environment and hydrometeorological field are paid close attention to always.
Be applied to the rainfall in environment and hydrometeorological field and runoff sampling apparatus in continuous development, for example application number is 89207888.X, name is called automatic rainfall monitor, publication number is the utility model patent of CN2059252U, utilize integrated high voltage, big electric current gating circuit switch system and relay, the opening and closing of the positive backwards rotation control casing cover cap by motor are to realize the automatic sampling of rainfall, not only simple and compact for structure, and price is comparatively cheap.And for example application number is 20070084376.0, name is called automatic rainfall monitor, publication number is the utility model patent of CN201034863Y, effect by natural precipitation and gravity realizes that the cover plate of sampling thief cylindrical shell opens sampling automatically, simple in structure, cost is low, easy to maintenance, and need not electric power and be convenient to promote, convenient open-air the use.Also having application number is 200710056668.8, name is called the atmosphere dried wet deposition multifunctional sampling instrument that holding tank is an automatic lifting, publication number is the patent of invention of CN101013071A, use elevating mechanism to move up and down holding tank respectively, cooperate rainwater induction installation and time controller control circuit, realize rainwater or dry deposition sample collecting, simplicity of design and part processing are easy.
In addition, also have some patents not only can realize gathering automatically the rainwater sample, also have print record and signal remote transmission function, cost is higher relatively.For example application number is 88214654.8, name is called rainwater depositing dust automatic sampling apparatus, publication number is the utility model patent of CN2035884U, by turning labyrinth formula sensor control circuit, make the cover of sampling cylinder open the closed rainwater of gathering, and have the function of automatic print record, have simple in structure, reliable operation, highly sensitive, cost is low, be convenient to advantages such as popularization.And for example application number is 200320119859.1, name is called the rainwater automatic sampler, publication number is the utility model patent of CN2665697Y, mainly based on monitoring acid rain, it amplifies, handles, launches, is wirelessly transmitted to long-range through circuit control panel the signal that compound pH electrode in the measuring cell produces, write down or alarm, the automatic monitoring of the overall process of realize raining has advantages such as automaticity height, measurement data be correctly timely, easy to use.
Above-mentioned patent mostly is that rainwater is gathered once or twice, not at multi-period rainwater sampling.In recent years, some patents began automatic sampling design has been carried out in multi-period rainfall and runoff.For example application number is 200710056667.3, name is called rainfall dustfall time-interval multifunctional automatic sampler, publication number is the patent of invention of CN101013070A, on the rotary-tray that drives by gear train, a plurality of collection cups are set evenly, the automatic continuous acquisition rainwater of energy also can be gathered the atmospheric sample of different periods automatically when closing rain controller when rainy.For example application number is 200520135526.7 again, name is called a kind of slope runoff harvester, publication number is the utility model patent of CN2854555Y, a kind of current sample and self registering slope runoff harvester of collecting and measure arbitrary period in direct mode is provided, the automaticity height, convenient management, electrification is not suitable for field sampling and low price.Similarly also having application number is 200520135552.X, name is called small watershed storm runoff automatic sampling apparatus, publication number is the utility model patent of CN2856968Y, also provide a kind of and collected and measured the current sample of arbitrary period and self registering small watershed storm runoff sampling apparatus, realized gathering at times the basin storm runoff by suction pump and water diversion disk are set in direct mode.Yet, though above patent has realized the sampling at times of rainfall or runoff, but all do not relate to the automatic collection of urban pavement rainfall runoff, and owing to complex structure, volume reason such as big or function restriction, all can not satisfy the automatic sampling needs of urban pavement rainfall runoff.Develop a kind of novel automatic sampling apparatus at times, make it to be applied to the sampling of runoff on most of urban pavement, the municipal water Pollution Study is had very important significance.
[summary of the invention]
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of automatic urban rainfall runoff sampler, at the problems referred to above, research monitoring requirements in conjunction with urban non-point source pollution, a kind of compact conformation is provided, carries out the urban rainfall runoff automatic sampling apparatus of water sampling continuously at times, to realize timely, accurate, the continuous collection of water sample.
A kind of automatic urban rainfall runoff sampler of the present invention is made up of casing, water collecting structure, sampler chamber and instrument pulpit.
Described casing is rectangular parallelepiped, and its big I places well under the rectangle on road limit, most of city.Casing top is openable loam cake, fixes by buckle and lower box, in order to place and to take out the sampling cup.Four jiaos of box cover have hook, sampling thief can be suspended on down on the grid well lid of well.
Described water collecting structure comprises dismountable catchment funnel and automatic opening thereof that is arranged at the casing outside; The collection of rainfall runoff was carried out on one side of well under the funnel that catchments can be close to, and the funnel below of catchmenting is provided with water inlet, and linking to each other with an aqueduct enters sampler chamber; Catchment funnel top is provided with the top cover that can close automatically in the side of funnel near casing of catchmenting, and the top of top cover also is fixed with a baffle plate, and the switch of top cover is controlled by a cam.The bevel-gear sett that is separately fixed at rotating shaft middle and lower part and camshaft right-hand member drives the cam rotation that is positioned at the camshaft left end.The rotating shaft revolution moves a week, and the cam rotation half cycle makes and finishes backhaul by the push rod that push rod fastens above cam and rolling contacts.
Make the stroke maximum of push rod when gathering beginning, the baffle plate of the top of push rod and top cover is inconsistent at this moment, and top cover stays open state like this; Along with the carrying out of gathering, cam rotates, when sampling finishes, and the stroke minimum of push rod, the top of push rod and the baffle plate of top cover are separated at this moment, rely on the deadweight top cover to close automatically, and gatherer process finishes, and rainwater can't enter the funnel that catchments.
Described sampler chamber is made up of aqueduct, water inlet pipe, rotating shaft, sampling seat, sampling cup and drainpipe.Rotating shaft is positioned at the center of sampler chamber, by a pair of roller bearings that is fixed on sampler chamber bottom and sampling face plate center.It is that rotate in the center of circle that water inlet pipe is fixed in the rotating shaft with the rotating shaft, and is connected with the funnel that catchments; Aqueduct is fixed on the casing, its water side is positioned at directly over the water inlet pipe but does not directly link to each other with water inlet pipe mouth with rotating shaft, the water side of aqueduct connects the thin conduit of one section diameter less than aqueduct and water inlet pipe, and thin conduit inserts water inlet pipe one segment distance but do not contact with water inlet pipe.Like this, promptly guarantee the unobstructed and stable of current, do not influenced the rotation of water inlet pipe again.The bottom of rotating shaft links to each other by synchronous pulley with stepper motor in the instrument pulpit, is driven the rotation that realizes rotating shaft by stepper motor.Several sampling cups are rounded to be arranged on the sampling panel, is placed with sampling cup in the cup, and the water delivering orifice that makes water inlet pipe is over against above the center of sampling cup.Drainpipe is arranged at the sampler chamber bottom and stretches out outside the casing, and unnecessary rainwater is discharged.
Described instrument pulpit is positioned at the casing right side and separates with sampler chamber, is placed with rainwater inductor, stepper motor and accumulator, and openable door is arranged so that plant maintenance and repairing.Stepper motor is controlled by controllor for step-by-step motor and stepper motor driver, the quantity and the frequency of the pulse signal that the adjustment controllor for step-by-step motor sends, angle and rotational frequency that the control step motor rotates, thereby control rotating shaft is every through Fixed Time Interval T anglec of rotation θ, all makes the water delivering orifice of water inlet pipe be in the top, center of sampling cup after promptly each the rotation.The rainwater inductor is positioned at the top, pulpit and is exposed to the casing outside, the opening and closing of control way circuit, i.e. sampling beginning and end.Described controllor for step-by-step motor is a formula able to programme, can write with different experiments scheme corresponding control programs and control sampling, and this just makes the urban rainfall runoff sampling thief can satisfy different users's experiment demand.
The present invention is a kind of automatic urban rainfall runoff sampler, its advantage and effect are: the present invention not only is confined to be placed under the roadside in the well, and its volume is less, carries flexible, practical, can collect rainfall runoff or current sample in the place that is fit to arbitrarily.Compared with prior art, it have automaticity height, compact conformation, volume small and exquisite, be easy to carry, the characteristics of convenient management, be applicable to the collection of rainfall runoff in the well under the roadside, city, also can be used for the occasion that other collect rainfall runoff or current, price is also relatively more cheap, and the rainfall runoff automatic sampling device of science is provided for urban non-point source pollution research.
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1 is the front elevation of device
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of device
Fig. 3 is the left view of device
Fig. 4 is well lid, case lid and the casing connection diagram of device
1, sampler chamber 2, the funnel 3 that catchments, top cover 4, baffle plate 5, aqueduct
6, rotating shaft 7, water inlet pipe 8, sampling cup 9, sampling seat 10, panel
11, drainpipe 12, stepper motor 13, pinion wheel 14, feed belt 15, big belt wheel
16, rolling bearing 17, bevel gear 18, cam 19, push rod 20, instrument pulpit
21, rainwater inductor 22, accumulator 23, controllor for step-by-step motor 24, stepper motor driver
25, buckle 26, access door 27, casing 28, case lid 29, hook
[embodiment]
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is described further.
Shown in Fig. 1 to 4, a kind of automatic urban rainfall runoff sampler is made up of casing 27, water collecting structure, sampler chamber 1 and instrument pulpit 20.
Described casing 27 is rectangular parallelepiped, and its big I places well under the rectangle on road limit, most of city.Casing top is openable case lid 28, fixes by buckle 25 and lower box, in order to place and to take out sampling cup 8.Four jiaos of case lid have hook 29, sampling thief can be suspended on down on the grid well lid of well.
Described water collecting structure comprises dismountable catchment funnel 2 and automatic opening thereof that is arranged at the casing outside; The collection of rainfall runoff was carried out on one side of well under the funnel 2 that catchments can be close to, and the funnel below of catchmenting is provided with water inlet, and linking to each other with an aqueduct 5 enters sampler chamber 1; Funnel 2 tops of catchmenting are provided with the top cover that can close automatically 3 in the funnel that catchments near a side of casing, and the top of top cover 3 also is fixed with a baffle plate 4, and the switch of top cover is by a cam 18 controls; The bevel-gear sett 17 that is separately fixed at rotating shaft 6 middle and lower parts and 18 right-hand members of cam drives the cam rotation that is positioned at the camshaft left end.Rotating shaft 6 revolutions move a week, and cam 18 rotation half cycles make and finish backhaul by the push rod 19 that push rod fixes above cam 18 and rolling contacts.
Make the stroke maximum of push rod when gathering beginning, the baffle plate of the top of push rod and top cover is inconsistent at this moment, and top cover stays open state like this; Along with the carrying out of gathering, cam rotates, when sampling finishes, and the stroke minimum of push rod, the top of push rod and the baffle plate of top cover are separated at this moment, rely on the deadweight top cover to close automatically, and gatherer process finishes, and rainwater can't enter the funnel that catchments.
Described sampler chamber 1 is made up of aqueduct 5, water inlet pipe 7, rotating shaft 6, sampling seat 9, sampling cup 8 and drainpipe 11.Rotating shaft 6 is positioned at the center of sampler chamber, is supported by a pair of rolling bearing 16 that is fixed on sampler chamber bottom and sampling face plate center.It is that rotate in the center of circle that water inlet pipe 7 is fixed in the rotating shaft with the rotating shaft, and is connected with the funnel 2 that catchments; Aqueduct 5 is fixed on the casing 27, its water side is positioned at directly over the water inlet pipe 7 but does not directly link to each other with water inlet pipe mouth with rotating shaft, the water side of aqueduct 5 connects the thin conduit of one section diameter less than aqueduct 5 and water inlet pipe 7, and thin conduit inserts water inlet pipe one segment distance but do not contact with water inlet pipe.Like this, promptly guarantee the unobstructed and stable of current, do not influenced the rotation of water inlet pipe again.Stepper motor 12 in the bottom of rotating shaft 6 and the instrument pulpit links to each other by synchronous pulley (being fixed in big belt wheel 15 and the feed belt 14 that the pinion wheel 13, on the motor output shaft is fixed in the rotating shaft by constitutes), is driven the rotation that realizes rotating shaft by stepper motor.Sampling cup 9 rounded being arranged on the sampling panel 10 that 15 internal diameters are 5cm, the capacity of being placed with is a 250ml sampling cup 8 in the cup, the high about 12cm of sampling cup, and the water delivering orifice that makes water inlet pipe is over against above the center of sampling glass.Drainpipe 11 is arranged at the sampler chamber bottom and stretches out outside the casing, and unnecessary rainwater is discharged.
Described instrument pulpit 20 is positioned at the casing right side and separates with sampler chamber, is placed with rainwater inductor 21, stepper motor 12 and accumulator 22, and openable door is arranged so that plant maintenance and repairing.Stepper motor is by controllor for step-by-step motor 23 and stepper motor driver 24 controls, the quantity and the frequency of the pulse signal that the adjustment controllor for step-by-step motor sends, angle and rotational frequency that the control step motor rotates, thereby anglec of rotation θ during the every process of control rotating shaft Fixed Time Interval T, be every after once rotating, make the water delivering orifice of water inlet pipe be in directly over the center of sampling cup.Rainwater inductor 21 is positioned at the top, pulpit and is exposed to the casing outside, the opening and closing of control way circuit, i.e. sampling beginning and end.Described controllor for step-by-step motor 23 is a formula able to programme, can write with different experiments scheme corresponding control programs and control sampling, and this just makes the urban rainfall runoff sampling thief can satisfy different users's experiment demand.
The concrete implementation step of this device is as follows:
When beginning to rain, rainwater inductor 21 circuit are connected, and the funnel top cover 3 that catchments is open mode, and rainwater enters the funnel 2 that catchments and takes in to water inlet pipe 7 by aqueduct 5 and enter sampler chamber 1, sampling beginning automatically.Programmable stepper motor 12 is rotated with fixing anglec of rotation θ and time interval T (experimenter is programmed settings as required) by central rotating shaft 6 beginnings that synchronous pulley drives sampler chamber, and the water inlet pipe 7 that drive is fixed in the rotating shaft 6 also rotates with identical speed and frequency.During the sampling beginning, water inlet pipe 7 water delivering orifice positions are positioned at directly over sampling cup 8 centers of circle, and water sample enters in the sampling cup.Behind the elapsed time T, water inlet pipe rotates 24 ° automatically to be continued to gather water sample to next sampling cup, rotates to the next position again behind the elapsed time T again, when original position is got back in 360 ° of rotations, 15 sampling cups are all filled the runoff sample, and the funnel top cover 3 that catchments is closed automatically, and sampling stops.
Claims (2)
1. an automatic urban rainfall runoff sampler is characterized in that: be made up of casing, water collecting structure, sampler chamber and instrument pulpit;
Described casing is rectangular parallelepiped, and casing top is openable loam cake, fixes by buckle and lower box, and four jiaos of box cover have hook;
Described water collecting structure comprises dismountable catchment funnel and automatic opening thereof that is arranged at the casing outside; Catchment funnel below is provided with water inlet, and linking to each other with an aqueduct enters sampler chamber; Catchment funnel top is provided with the top cover that can close automatically in the side of funnel near casing of catchmenting, and the top of top cover also is fixed with a baffle plate, and the switch of top cover is controlled by a cam; The bevel-gear sett that is separately fixed at rotating shaft middle and lower part and camshaft right-hand member drives the cam rotation that is positioned at the camshaft left end; The rotating shaft revolution moves a week, and the cam rotation half cycle makes and finishes backhaul by the push rod that push rod fastens above cam and rolling contacts;
Described sampler chamber is made up of aqueduct, water inlet pipe, rotating shaft, sampling seat, sampling cup and drainpipe; Rotating shaft is positioned at the center of sampler chamber, by a pair of roller bearings that is fixed on sampler chamber bottom and sampling face plate center; It is that rotate in the center of circle that water inlet pipe is fixed in the rotating shaft with the rotating shaft, and is connected with the funnel that catchments; Aqueduct is fixed on the casing, its water side is positioned at directly over the water inlet pipe but does not directly link to each other with water inlet pipe mouth with rotating shaft, the water side of aqueduct connects the thin conduit of one section diameter less than aqueduct and water inlet pipe, and thin conduit inserts water inlet pipe one segment distance but do not contact with water inlet pipe; The bottom of rotating shaft links to each other by synchronous pulley with stepper motor in the instrument pulpit, is driven the rotation that realizes rotating shaft by stepper motor; Several sampling cups are rounded to be arranged on the sampling panel, is placed with sampling cup in the cup, and the water delivering orifice that makes water inlet pipe is over against above the center of sampling cup; Drainpipe is arranged at the sampler chamber bottom and stretches out outside the casing, and unnecessary rainwater is discharged;
Described instrument pulpit is positioned at the casing right side and separates with sampler chamber, is placed with rainwater inductor, stepper motor and accumulator, and openable door is arranged so that plant maintenance and repairing; The rainwater inductor is positioned at the top, pulpit and is exposed to the casing outside, the opening and closing of control way circuit, i.e. sampling beginning and end.
2. a kind of automatic urban rainfall runoff sampler according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described controllor for step-by-step motor is a formula able to programme.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101013674A CN101762409B (en) | 2010-01-27 | 2010-01-27 | Automatic urban rainfall runoff sampler |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101013674A CN101762409B (en) | 2010-01-27 | 2010-01-27 | Automatic urban rainfall runoff sampler |
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| CN101762409A true CN101762409A (en) | 2010-06-30 |
| CN101762409B CN101762409B (en) | 2011-05-11 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2010101013674A Expired - Fee Related CN101762409B (en) | 2010-01-27 | 2010-01-27 | Automatic urban rainfall runoff sampler |
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| CN101975972A (en) * | 2010-09-01 | 2011-02-16 | 河海大学 | Equivalent-time rainfall rain sample meter |
| CN102419270A (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2012-04-18 | 韩国地质资源研究院 | Sequencing sampler used for runoff water |
| CN102435466A (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2012-05-02 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Sectional collecting device of surface flow silt sample |
| CN103674623A (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2014-03-26 | 北京师范大学 | Wheel type timed quantitative snow sample collection device without external power supply |
| CN103698159A (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2014-04-02 | 浙江大学 | Raindrop triggering type runoff automatic sampling device and method |
| CN103743600A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-04-23 | 河海大学 | Time-phased automatic rain sample sampling device |
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| CN112710514A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-04-27 | 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Automatic rainwater collecting device |
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| CN101975972A (en) * | 2010-09-01 | 2011-02-16 | 河海大学 | Equivalent-time rainfall rain sample meter |
| CN102419270A (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2012-04-18 | 韩国地质资源研究院 | Sequencing sampler used for runoff water |
| CN102419270B (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2014-05-07 | 韩国地质资源研究院 | Sequencing sampler used for runoff water |
| CN102435466A (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2012-05-02 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Sectional collecting device of surface flow silt sample |
| CN102435466B (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2013-04-10 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Sectional collecting device of surface flow silt sample |
| CN103698159B (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2014-11-19 | 浙江大学 | Raindrop triggering type runoff automatic sampling device and method |
| CN103698159A (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2014-04-02 | 浙江大学 | Raindrop triggering type runoff automatic sampling device and method |
| CN103674623A (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2014-03-26 | 北京师范大学 | Wheel type timed quantitative snow sample collection device without external power supply |
| CN103743600A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-04-23 | 河海大学 | Time-phased automatic rain sample sampling device |
| CN103743600B (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2016-05-04 | 河海大学 | One is rain sample automatic sampler at times |
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