CN107449639A - A kind of water and soil conservation value cell runoff and sediment continuous sampling measuring system and method - Google Patents
A kind of water and soil conservation value cell runoff and sediment continuous sampling measuring system and method Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of water and soil conservation value cell runoff and sediment continuous sampling measuring system and method, including：Installed in sampling subsystem, measurement subsystem, sample storage subsystem, control subsystem, the power subsystem having on four sides in the casing of shutter, subsystem and rainfall sensor are cleared up；Multiple sample buckets being looped around according to water intaking situation and around the annular sampling crawler belt of intermittent rotary, described sample bucket are connected by automatic unlocking mechanism with annular sampling crawler belt.Sample bucket of the invention by setting a whole set of auto recycling, sample bucket is constantly sampled by annular sampling crawler belt to runoff caused by cell, and record sampling number, each sampling is accurately measured by measuring subsystem simultaneously, realize completely unmanned automatic sampling and automatic measurement, scientific research personnel's field work amount is greatly reduced, has saved manpower and use cost.
Description
Technical field
It is a kind of water the present invention relates to a kind of water and soil conservation value cell runoff and sediment continuous sampling measuring system and method
Literary experimental system method, it is a kind of system and method using water and soil conservation value cell runoff.
Background technology
Water and soil conservation value cell is established, it is to carry out research soil and water conservation, water and soil to carry out appointed place soil loss monitoring
Soil erosion treatment, and the Main Means such as production and construction project prevention and control of soil erosion.The floor projection size one of standard monitoring cell
As be the wide 5m of long 20m, set out the mouth of a river in downstream middle part.Its runoff and sediment process monitoring is mainly entered using equivalent shunting principle
Monitoring of the row based on secondary rainfall.Laid in the delivery port position of cell and accept pond or accept bucket, united accepting on the outside of pond
One level height sets multiple identical delivery ports, then accesses the runoff and sediment of one of delivery port.Treat a runoff and sediment
After process terminates, the run-off and quantity of sand and mud of single delivery port are obtained by the way of manual measurement, is then multiplied by delivery port
The water and silt accepted in pond are counted and added, is the runoff yield and sediment production of this rainfall.
Aforesaid way be there are problems that as follows in the application：（1）Water and soil conservation value cell is avoids Human disturbance, typically
Build in remote and position that is having inconvenient traffic, complete after once monitoring, it is difficult to clear up silt and supervised for sediment process next time
Survey is prepared.（2）Total production water, the husky monitoring of production can only be carried out, it is difficult to production water, the husky process monitoring of production are realized, in order to obtain water sand
Process is, it is necessary to staff on duty, the uncertainty flowed yet with rainfall and production, it tends to be difficult to obtain runoff and sediment process monitoring machine
Meeting, and obtain data.（3）The runoff of acquisition, silt data are often inaccurate, and reference role is limited.It is primarily due to by rainfall
Strength Changes, and monitoring cell delivery port position, the influence for accepting pond position etc., when monitoring cell out of flow procedure size variation
Accepting the water level condition in pond, sedimentation condition etc. can change, and cause the out of flow procedure and silt content mistake of delivery port
There is larger difference in journey so that the run-off of the more long then single delivery port of Rainfall-runoff process and the representativeness of quantity of sand and mud are poorer.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome problem of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of water and soil conservation value cell runoff and sediment and continuously taken
Sample measuring system and method.Described system and method can realize automated high-precision measurement, automatic continuous sampling, automation
Cleaning and maintenance, realize the monitoring of automation.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this：A kind of water and soil conservation value cell runoff and sediment continuous sampling measurement system
System, including：Installed in having on four sides, the sampling subsystem having at the top of shutter in the casing of water-collecting tray, measurement subsystem, control are sub
System, power subsystem, clear up subsystem and rainfall sensor；Multiple be looped around according to water intaking situation and the ring of intermittent rotary
Sample bucket around shape sampling crawler belt, described sample bucket are connected by automatic unlocking mechanism with annular sampling crawler belt；Described
Sampling subsystem is additionally provided with the sample tap being connected with cell runoff delivery port pipeline, described sample tap one sample bucket of alignment
Suitable for reading and be provided with preliminary survey water-level gauge, described preliminary survey water-level gauge electrically connects with control subsystem, described control subsystem and band
Rotating ring shape samples the motor connection of crawler belt operation, is provided with described control subsystem and calculates the rainwater full sample bucket time
Timer and rainfall fill the metering device of sample bucket number；Described measurement subsystem includes：Under annular sampling crawler belt
Fall mechanism and the track being arranged in a sampler barrel stop position, described track is provided with repetition measurement water-level gauge, ultrasonic activation
Device and weighing sensor, described sampler barrel are provided with Quick Response Code, two-dimensional code reader are provided with described control subsystem.
Further, described sampler barrel is that top is inverted round stage, and bottom is cylinder, and bottom is provided with valve, cylindrical portion
It is arranged with least two fastening rings.
Further, the round platform part of described sampler barrel is provided with the arcs of recesses fixing slot being engaged with track.
Further, described power subsystem includes, battery, and described battery is connected with solar panel.
Further, described cleaning subsystem includes：The retractable vibrations ring being arranged in a sampler barrel stop position
And automatic flushing device.
Further, described automatic cleaning machine includes：It is arranged on the water-collecting tray of the casing top, described water-collecting tray
Be connected with the storage tank pipeline with filter, described storage tank is connected with flushing pump pipeline, described flushing pump with can
The shower nozzle of automatic telescopic is connected, and the dividing plate arranged in length and breadth is provided with the water-collecting tray.
Further, data acquisition and memory are provided with described control subsystem, and passes through network and remote control
Center connects.
A kind of water and soil conservation value cell runoff and sediment continuous sampling measuring method using said system, described method
The step of it is as follows：
The step of parameter setting：By the downstream that sampling and measuring system installation outdoor cell is domatic, sample bucket height of water level is set, seen
Measured frequency parameters；
The step of storing electric energy：There is sunlight weather, solar panel collects solar energy, electric power storage is stored in after being converted to electric energy
Chi Zhong, at this moment control subsystem be in the few resting state of power consumption；
The step of wake-up：When rainfall starts, described rainfall sensor wake up control subsystem, control subsystem be waken up after with
Remote management center establishes contact；Meanwhile water-collecting tray starts to collect rainwater, is stored in after filtering standby in storage tank；
The step of sampling and measurement rainfall：When cell produces runoff, preliminary survey water-level gauge is sampled with the frequency measurement of at least 50 times/second
Water level in bucket, control subsystem start recording delivery port contributing time timing, when the water level in sample bucket reaches setting value,
Control subsystem stops timing and drives annular sampling crawler belt to rotate, and next sample bucket is entered below sample tap, under
One wheel sampling, so moves in circles, and control subsystem constantly records the sampling number and delivery port contributing time of sample bucket, makees
For metering run-off, the foundation of silt content, and these data are sent to remote management center；
The step of accurate measurement：After sampler barrel water intaking, accurately determined in next stop position：The two of control subsystem first
Tie up code reader and read the Quick Response Code that the sampler barrel weight is carried on sampler barrel, while annular sampling crawler belt declines, and makes sampler barrel
Fall in orbit, the ultrasonic vibrator on track carries out vibration of ultrasonic wave to sampling water, to exclude the air in water, and crushes
The bulk soil that water sample is brought, after vibrations, weighing sensor is weighed to sampler barrel, is obtained accurately after removing sampler barrel weight
Weight, the sample bucket depth of water and accurate sampling weight of control subsystem record and storage repetition measurement are sampled, and is sent to long-range pipe
Reason center；
The step of cleaning：The sampler barrel of not selected storage enters cleaning area along annular sampling crawler belt, opens sampler barrel bottom
Valve, releases water and silt in sampler barrel, and retractable vibrations ring is clamped sampler barrel and shaken, opens flushing pump and extract storage
Rainwater, shower nozzle stretches out to be cleaned to sampler barrel, and sampler barrel continues to move ahead with annular sampling crawler belt after cleaning, and preparation takes next time
Sample；
The step of stopping：After rainfall terminates, rainfall sensor send rainfall stopping signal, control subsystem enter it is standby, such as
Fruit, which continues to rain, is then again introduced into working condition, if several hours do not have rainfall, into resting state, if sunlight goes out
It is existing, then into charged state.
The beneficial effect comprise that：Sample bucket of the invention by setting a whole set of auto recycling, sampling
Bucket is constantly sampled by annular sampling crawler belt to runoff caused by cell, and records sampling number, while passes through measurement
Subsystem is accurately measured each sampling, realizes completely unmanned automatic sampling and automatic measurement, by sampling
The accurate measurement of number and being precisely weighed to the water in each sample bucket and silt, realize to cell runoff and sediment process
Full automation samples and accurate measurement, greatly reduces scientific research personnel's field work amount, has saved manpower and use cost.
Brief description of the drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of system described in embodiments of the invention one；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that subsystem is sampled described in embodiments of the invention one；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation that subsystem is measured described in embodiments of the invention one；
Fig. 4 is the sample bucket structural representation described in the embodiment of the present invention three；
Fig. 5 is the power subsystem structural representation described in the embodiment of the present invention five；
Fig. 6 is the cleaning subsystem structure schematic diagram described in the embodiment of the present invention six.
Embodiment
Embodiment one：
The present embodiment is a kind of water and soil conservation value cell runoff and sediment continuous sampling measuring system, as shown in Figure 1, 2, 3.This reality
Applying example includes：Installed in there is the top of shutter 701 to have the sampling subsystem 1 in the casing 7 of water-collecting tray 702, measurement subsystem on four sides
System 2, control subsystem 4, power subsystem 6, subsystem 5, and rainfall sensor 3 are cleared up, as shown in Figure 1.It is multiple to be looped around
Sample bucket according to water intaking situation around the annular sampling crawler belt of intermittent rotary, described sample bucket pass through automatic unlocking mechanism
It is connected with annular sampling crawler belt.Described sampling subsystem is additionally provided with the sample tap 101 being connected with cell runoff delivery port pipeline,
Described sample tap is directed at the suitable for reading of sample bucket 102 and is provided with preliminary survey water-level gauge 103, and described preliminary survey water-level gauge is with controlling
Subsystem electrically connects, and described control subsystem is with driving the motor connection that sampling annular sampling crawler belt 104 is run（Such as Fig. 2 institutes
Show, only depict a sample bucket in limitation Fig. 2 due to doing figure, there should be multiple sample buckets to be centered around annular sampling in practice
Around crawler belt）, the timer for calculating the rainwater full sample bucket time and a rainfall are provided with described control subsystem
The metering device of full sample bucket number；Described measurement subsystem includes：Annular samples crawler belt lowering mechanism 1042 and is arranged on
The track 105 of annular sampling crawler belt side, described track are provided with repetition measurement water-level gauge 107, ultrasonic vibrator and biography of weighing
Sensor 106, described sample bucket are provided with Quick Response Code, two-dimensional code reader are provided with described control subsystem, such as Fig. 3 institutes
Show.
Water and soil conservation value cell described in the present embodiment（Referred to as：Cell）It is a kind of to be arranged side by side in the wild multiple
Cell body is tilted, cell body is generally constructed with cement or other materials impervious to water, wherein having filled the soil of experiment, formation carries
Domatic soil water experiment area.Cell predominantly detects the rainwater effect domatic to soil.Cell lower end sets the structure for receiving runoff,
All rainwater on domatic will be collected together, exported by pipeline.The present embodiment is then the rainwater for collecting these,
Including domatic caused runoff and the rainwater directly fallen, measure together, obtain the data of slope runoff and erosion sediment process.
The present embodiment is the environment independence automated system of an adaptation field work, without human attendance, it is possible to even
Continue the tens of days of work or more than several months, or even 1 year.This autonomous system has the casing of protection equipment safe and stable operation, from
To self-sustaining power-supply system, and the water supply cleaning system of oneself.Described casing contains most equipment wherein.By
Various electronic and automation equipment are carried in whole system, is broken down to prevent from drenching electronic equipment in rainfall,
Rainproof box body can be set.Rainproof box body material is plastics or stainless steel, and shutter ventilation is set in the middle part of four sides
Window.The upper lateral part of casing one sets the rain-proof control panel of automaton.In casing can by the shutter on casing with it is outer
Portion's air communication, and by certain isolation means, make to keep cleaning clean working environment in casing.
Due to being the electronics of field work and the equipment of mechanical bond, it is necessary to set power supply.Described power subsystem can
To be the variable-voltage power supply system that is electrically connected with city or using natural force, if solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, current etc.
The electric energy of natural force ability conversion, using accumulators store electric energy, is used when rainfall detects.
Sampling subsystem described in the present embodiment is the mechanism of a set of water receiving and metering run-off, and the main body of this set mechanism is
One annular sampling crawler belt, there is multiple sample buckets, each sample bucket when it is suitable for reading it is intensive be arranged side by side, one by one, so as to energy
Enough current by sample tap outflow are collected completely, are not spilt as far as possible outside sample bucket.
Annular sampling crawler belt is driven by stepper motor to be rotated, and the motion of interval can be produced, when a sample bucket is by runoff
After filling, stepper motor drives annular one section of caterpillar drive of sampling, and another sample bucket is placed on below water outlet, continues collection and takes
Sample, endless track sample continuous intermittent movement, and sample bucket constantly measure by the water receiving below delivery port, formation one by one for drive
The function of water and silt.
Annular sampling crawler belt is provided with grab, and grab is combined with the fastening ring on sample bucket, formed it is annular sample crawler belt and
The bindiny mechanism of sample bucket.When sample bucket needs to depart from annular sampling crawler belt, annular sampling crawler belt can be used to decline, sampling
Bucket lifts up, and grab departs from fastening ring, and sample bucket and annular sampling crawler belt depart from.
Preliminary survey water-level gauge can be set on sample tap, measure the height of water level in sample bucket, after reaching certain height, just
Survey water-level gauge and notify control subsystem, control subsystem then controls annular sampling caterpillar drive, made just in the sample bucket of water receiving
Remove, change an empty sample bucket and continue water receiving.Preliminary survey water-level gauge and repetition measurement water-level gauge can use ultrasonic water level gauge, or its
He can export the Water level measuring sensor of electric signal.
Sample bucket is shaped as reverse frustoconic and cylinder combination.Round platform upper end diameter D1, lower end diameter D2, lower termination h2
The cylinder of height, round estrade Partial Height h3.The position of upper end 1/5 sets concave arc fixing slot, and lower end sets hinge and is connected the bottom of with
And sealing, and realize fixing and the sealed bottom for sampling crawler belt with annular automatically in transmission process.Stepper motor is through driving cog
Wheel drive annular sampling crawler belt moves in a circle.Annular sampling crawler belt sets sample bucket fixing slot, annular sampling crawler belt every 50cm
Straight section 1m grows, and segmental arc is diameter 1m semicircle.Ultrasonic preliminary survey water-level gauge is used to monitor water surface elevation in sample bucket, by control system
High-frequency reads waterlevel data, reaches setting water level, controls driving stepper motor annular sampling crawler belt to terminate to sample immediately.Simultaneously
Prepare sampling next time.
Sample bucket can also be other shapes, such as cylinder, or polygonal prism shape etc..
The effect for measuring subsystem is accurately to be measured the sample in sample bucket, and the project of measurement includes：Sample
Weight sample bucket in accurate water level etc..
Annular sampling crawler belt lowering mechanism can move up and down annular sampling crawler belt（Such as the direction of arrow in Fig. 3）, make ring
Shape samples crawler belt and combined with sample bucket with separating.
When annular sampling crawler belt lifts, grab hooks the fastening ring on sample bucket, enables annular sampling crawler belt
Sample bucket movement is driven, when annular sampling crawler belt is fallen, sample bucket is combined with track, weighing sensor, repetition measurement on track
Water-level gauge and ultrasonic vibrator carry out vibration of ultrasonic wave to sample bucket and weighed, and also to carry out two to sample bucket before weighing
Barcode scanning is tieed up, to obtain the information such as the accurate weight of the sample bucket.
The weight of sample should remove the weight of sample bucket in itself in sample bucket, and this just needs accurately to survey between sampling
The weight of sample bucket is measured, because sample bucket is Reusability, internal after each use is difficult the very clean of cleaning, therefore often
Weight after secondary use may be all not quite alike, and therefore, before sampling, empty sample bucket should be weighed, right after sampling
Sample bucket with sample weigh after it is necessary to subtract sampling before empty sample bucket weight.This just needs to carry out each sample bucket
Identification, knowledge can set Quick Response Code, or the mode of other marks to be identified on each sample bucket otherwise.
Measurement on water level：When sample bucket samples, there is preliminary survey water-level gauge to be monitored the water level in sample bucket, one
Denier reaches the water level of requirement, then stops sampling, this is preliminary survey water level.The purpose for setting preliminary survey water level is to go out stream to adapt to difference
Flow, ensure the validity of sampling：Avoid sampling excess when the deficiency of sampling amount during low discharge and big flow.The work(of preliminary survey water level
Can its mainly control sample bucket in water level, it is impossible to cover the height of sample bucket, can not sampling amount very little, otherwise just can not
Accurate measure runoff and quantity of sand and mud.But preliminary survey water level is inaccurate, because in the process of preliminary survey being carried out in sampling
, that is, current are going into sample bucket, when water-level gauge calculates water level, water level constantly changes, and perceives and reaches when water-level gauge
It in also certain reaction time, can be just that sample bucket leaves sample position during predetermined water level, change next sample bucket sampling.This
The section reaction time has some gaps due to a variety of causes, and these gaps have resulted in the water level of each sample bucket not fully one
The problem of cause.Another influence sample bucket in water-head it is different be：It is not only that water also has silt and soil block in the sample.It is each
Silt and soil block in sample bucket influence water level, cause the difference of the water level sampling condition in each sample bucket.Therefore, in essence
The mode of vibration of ultrasonic wave is really preferred before measurement water level, will be shatter, and silt is homogenized, so eliminate each take
Water level sampling difference in sample bucket, the relation between water level and weight can be accurately measured, it is determined that the parameters of sampling.
Therefore, in subsystem is measured, it is necessary to set sample bucket mark, such as Quick Response Code, while to set and accurately weigh
Facility, and repetition measurement water-level gauge, water level in sample bucket is tried again accurate measurement using repetition measurement water-level gauge.
Described preliminary survey water-level gauge and repetition measurement water-level gauge can use ultrasonic water level gauge, or other similar can be produced
The water-level gauge of electronic data signals.
Measurement subsystem is arranged on one of sample bucket referred to as in the stop position of measurement zone：Into after measurement zone, under guide rail
Recessed, abduction, scheme 1：Bottom 15cm fixes with ultrasonic vibration ring, carries out ultrasonic vibration 5 seconds, unclamps fastening ring；Scheme 2：Ultrasound
Electromagnetic shaker enters vibrations 5 seconds in sample bucket；Subsequently into Weighing Area, the guide rail of Weighing Area is recessed, abduction, falls sample bucket and is claiming
On galassing platform, weighing platform divides into weight sensor, records water sample+sample bucket weight, is measured and recorded using repetition measurement water-level gauge
Water sample height in sample bucket.Measurement is finished, and sample bucket is sent into guide rail by weighing unit reach.
The effect of cleaning subsystem is will to have already passed through the sample bucket after weighing measurement to discharge water and silt therein, as
Next round sampling uses.When sample bucket reaches cleaning positions with annular sampling crawler belt, sample bucket bottom is opened, and carry out
The once reciprocal cleaning at 2/3 position under its inwall.Cleaning subsystem includes storage tank, water pump, aqueduct, stretched by motor driven
Shower nozzle.The water source of cleaning, can be the rainfall collected.By setting water-collecting tray to collect rainwater in casing top, after filtering
It is stored in storage tank and is used as water source.Increase hydraulic pressure using water pump, make 2/3 region under shower nozzle injection water cleaning sample bucket.
Moved in circles under the drive of motor several times, sample bucket cleaned up, after weigh it is stand-by.To clean up, subsystem is cleaned
System can set ultrasonic vibrator, drive the sample bucket vibrations in cleaning, and the silt in sample bucket and water is fully erased.
Control subsystem is the electronic equipment for having data processing and data memory function, can be common PC computers, or
Person is industrial computer, or embedded system etc..Control subsystem can be connected by network with control centre, to save energy
Source, rainfall sensor can be set, in the case of no rainfall, control subsystem in a dormant state, when rainfall occurs,
Rainfall sensor wakes up the information for sending rainfall to control subsystem and starting, and opens control subsystem.
Control subsystem will also record and store drop in addition to the operation of control annular sampling crawler belt and annular storage crawler belt
Rain time started t1, rainfall intensity i, rainfall p, cell delivery port flowing-out time t2 is monitored, when sample bucket accesses water sample and started
Between each item data such as t3, end time t4.Control subsystem will also control ultrasonic transducer to carry out ultrasound to water sample in sample bucket
Vibrations, depth of water h1 in the sample bucket of repetition measurement water-level gauge measure is also recorded, record sample bucket+water sample weight mAlways, control opening to take
Sample barrel soleplate, sample bucket is emptied, control force (forcing) pump and miniature cleaning sprayer back and forth to clean sample bucket, record sample bucket weight mBucket。
Control subsystem will also calculate clear water amount, quantity of sand and mud, silt content according to formula, be realized according to set value calculation stepper motor automatic
Interval sampling encrypts sampling according to rainfall intensity.
Embodiment two：
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment one, is refinement of the embodiment one on sample bucket.Sample bucket described in the present embodiment
Top be inverted round stage 1021, bottom is cylinder 1022, and bottom is provided with valve 1023, and column part is provided with least two fixings
Ring 1024, as shown in Figure 4.
Sample bucket can use stainless steel or highstrenghtpiston to make.Valve can use electromagnetic switch control to beat on and off
Close.The effect of fastening ring and the grab 1041 of annular sampling crawler belt coordinate, and grab is hooked on fastening ring, and annular sampling crawler belt can
To drive sample bucket to run.Shell ring can set 2-4, set shell ring more, can make annular sampling crawler belt and sample bucket
It is more firm with reference to obtaining, but shell ring excessively can also make system excessively complicated, easily produce failure.
Embodiment three：
The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is refinement of the above-described embodiment on sample bucket.Taking described in the present embodiment
The round platform part of sample bucket is provided with the arcs of recesses fixing slot 1025 being engaged with track 105, such as Fig. 3.
The effect of arcs of recesses snap-ring groove is coordinated with track, and track is embedding in a groove, sample bucket is slided along track.
Annular sampling crawler belt lowering mechanism can move up and down annular sampling crawler belt（Such as the direction of arrow in Fig. 3）, make endless track with
Sample bucket is combined with separating.When needing to weigh or clean etc. the action that needs separate with endless track, endless track whereabouts, make
Fastening ring on grab and sample bucket on endless track departs from, and sample bucket is slipped into track, track and the groove on sample bucket
It is chimeric, the work such as weighed or cleaned.
Example IV：
The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is refinement of the above-described embodiment on power subsystem.Described in the present embodiment
Power subsystem include, battery, described battery is connected with solar panel 601, as shown in Figure 5.
The present embodiment uses solar energy as main energy sources.By solar cell, absorb solar energy and be converted to
Electrical power storage is in battery.Solar cell is typically mounted on high bar top, to receive more sunlight, can also install
On the top of building or structure, such as the roofing in house, the top of tower structures etc..Battery can be with solar cell
It is installed together, may be mounted at box house, preferably to be protected.
Embodiment five：
The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is refinement of the above-described embodiment on cleaning subsystem.Described in the present embodiment
Cleaning subsystem includes：Retractable the vibrations ring 107 and automatic flushing device being arranged in a sample bucket stop position, such as Fig. 6 institutes
Show.
It is retractable vibrations ring effect be：When the valve of sample bucket is opened, water and silt outflow in sample bucket
Sample bucket, in order to clean out, in retractable vibrations cyclization（The direction of arrow in Fig. 6）, sample bucket is blocked, and start to shake, will
Water and the silt vibrations being bonded in sample bucket are fallen, and coordinate automatic cleaning machine to clean up sample bucket.
Embodiment six：
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment above-described embodiment, is refinement of the above-described embodiment on automatic cleaning machine.This implementation
Automatic cleaning machine described in example includes：The flushing pump 501 being connected with water supply line, described flushing pump is with being capable of automatic telescopic
Shower nozzle 502 connects, as shown in Figure 6.
The effect of automatic cleaning machine is to be cleaned out the silt in sample bucket by the water column of pressurization, the pressure of water column by
Water pump provides, and water source can collect rainfall as water source, rainfall is stored in after filtering standby in storage tank, and flushing is to pass through
Water pump pressurizes, and is sprayed by shower nozzle.Shower nozzle, which is arranged on, is capable of on the pipe of automatic telescopic, makes shower nozzle can be with Telescopic rotating, to sampling
Bucket inwall is comprehensively rinsed up and down.
Embodiment seven：
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment above-described embodiment, is refinement of the above-described embodiment on control subsystem.This implementation
Data acquisition and memory are provided with control subsystem described in example, and is connected by network with remote control center.
Data acquisition unit and memory described in control subsystem, can be special store circuit, can also be attached
In band program in the microprocessor or accompanying memory block.
Remote control center can be the system of similar BS/CS types, or data-sharing systems.
Embodiment eight：
The present embodiment is that a kind of water and soil conservation value cell runoff and sediment continuous sampling using system described in above-described embodiment is surveyed
Amount method is as follows the step of described method：
（One）The step of parameter setting：By the downstream that sampling and measuring system installation outdoor cell is domatic, set sample bucket water level high
Degree, observing frequency parameters.Due to being automated system, it is to need to be installed according to surrounding environment in installation, avoided
In humidity, physical features is too low and is submerged, and wind-force excessive can not influence sampling and measurement.
（Two）The step of storing electric energy：There is sunlight weather, solar panel is collected solar energy, deposited after being converted to electric energy
Storage is in battery, and at this moment control subsystem is in the few resting state of power consumption.It is best due to being completely self-contained system
Using self-centered power-supply system, the energy is such as obtained by solar energy, or the energy is obtained by wind-force, is stored in battery
In.
（Three）The step of wake-up：When rainfall starts, described rainfall sensor wakes up control subsystem, control subsystem quilt
Establish and contact with remote management center after wake-up；Meanwhile water-collecting tray starts to collect rainwater, is stored in after filtering standby in storage tank
With.
For save the energy, in the case of no rainfall, whole device should be at resting state, except rainfall sensor it
Outside, other equipment is all stopped, and in particular for the control subsystem of continuous power consumption, therefore, wakes up and passes when rainfall occurs
Sensor sends signal, and control subsystem is waken up, and after control subsystem wakes up, starts to be controlled whole system, starts work
Make, while net connection is established with remote management center, notice remote management center rainfall starts, and will enter sampling and measurement
Work.
（Four）The step of sampling and measurement rainfall：When cell produces runoff, preliminary survey water-level gauge is with the frequency of at least 50 times/second
Measure the water level in sample bucket, control subsystem start recording delivery port contributing time timing, when the water level in sample bucket reaches
During setting value, control subsystem stops timing and drives annular sampling crawler belt to rotate, and next sample bucket is entered under sample tap
Side, sample into next round, so move in circles, control subsystem constantly records sampling number and the delivery port production of sample bucket
The time is flowed, as metering run-off, the foundation of silt content, and it is in long-distance management system that these data, which are sent,.
The process of sampling must be very accurate, therefore, the water in measuring sample bucket by water-level gauge when sampling
Position, once having reached desired height, startup sampling annular sampling crawler belt is left, changes the sample bucket of water intaking.Due to sample bucket
In water and quantity of sand and mud by accurate measurement below, therefore, as long as the number that metering sample bucket is changed, it is possible to accurate to calculate
Go out run-off.
Setting value is the water level value pre-set, and normal water place value is more lower slightly than the height of sample bucket, can thus make
Water level after sampling in sample bucket is slightly below the upper limb of sample bucket, and the sufficiently stable reservation of sample can has been fallen in sample bucket,
It will not be shaken out because of moving for sample bucket in sample bucket.But this water level value can not be too low, too low, influences sampling efficiency,
Typically highly it is advisable in 80-90% sample bucket.
Sample and measurement process in, control subsystem constantly records measurement data, and by these data storages, simultaneously
Remote management center is sent data to, can also will be transmitted after rainfall after data summarization to remote management center, to save
Internet resources.
（Five）The step of accurate measurement：After sampler barrel water intaking, accurately determined in next stop position：Control first
The two-dimensional code reader of system reads the Quick Response Code that the sampler barrel weight is carried on sampler barrel, while annular sampling crawler belt declines,
Sampler barrel is set to fall in orbit, the ultrasonic vibrator on track carries out vibration of ultrasonic wave to sampling water, to exclude the sky in water
Gas, and the bulk soil that water sample is brought is crushed, after vibrations, weighing sensor is weighed to sampler barrel, after removing sampler barrel weight
Obtain accurately sampling weight, the sample bucket depth of water and accurate sampling weight of control subsystem record and storage repetition measurement, concurrently
Deliver to remote management center.
For the accurate water and silt weight weighed in sample bucket, it is necessary first to remove the weight of sample bucket in itself, take
Sample bucket in itself after sample bucket is cleaned weighed in advance by middle weight, can so be ensured, even if there is residue in sample bucket
Silt do not clean out, its weight does not interfere with the measurement accuracy washed once yet.When annular sampling crawler belt is fallen, annular
Grab on sampling crawler belt is not undertaking the weight of sample bucket, and the total weight of sample bucket falls on track, shaking on track
Dynamic device starts to shake, and the bulk silt in water is shatter, water and silt is uniformly mixed, is at this moment being weighed, it is possible to ten
Divide and accurately obtain the weight of water and silt.Accurate repetition measurement is carried out to the water level in sample bucket after weighing, because ultrasonic wave shakes
It is dynamic, the bulk soil in water is crushed, is well mixed silt and water, in other words by water level measuring condition one in each sample bucket
Causeization, so it is more beneficial for the accurate parameters for calculating sample.
The calculation formula of sample bucket reclaimed water and silt weight：
The water and silt sample cumulative volume obtained according to depth of water h1 calculating in sample bucket：
During h1≤h2：VAlways=3.14×h2×（D2/2）2
During h1 ＞ h2：VAlways=3.14×h2×（D2/2）2 + 1/3 π (h1-h2) (（D1）2+（D2）2+D1×D2)/4
According to sample bucket+water sample quality mAlwaysAnd mBucketThe water and silt sample gross mass m that calculating obtainsSample：
mSample=mAlways- mBucket
Silt content is calculated according to formula：
SIt is husky=γIt is husky/ VAlways× (mSample- γWater× VAlways) /(γIt is husky- γWater)
Wherein：SIt is huskyFor silt content, γIt is huskyFor the silt cumulative volume in sample bucket, γIt is huskyAnd γWaterThe respectively unit weight of silt and water.
（Six）The step of cleaning：Sampler barrel enters cleaning area along annular sampling crawler belt, opens sampler barrel bottom valve, releases
Water and silt in sampler barrel, retractable vibrations ring are clamped sampler barrel and shaken, and open the rainwater that flushing pump extracts storage, shower nozzle
Stretching is cleaned to sampler barrel, and sampler barrel continues to move ahead with annular sampling crawler belt after cleaning, prepares next sub-sampling.
Water level in storage tank is also a highly important parameter, if not having water in storage tank, its cleaning can not
Complete, sampling work can not also be completed, and therefore, if not having water storage in storage tank, control subsystem should stop sampling.
（Seven）The step of stopping：After rainfall terminates, rainfall sensor sends the signal of rainfall stopping, and control subsystem enters
It is standby, working condition is again introduced into if continuing to rain, if several hours do not have rainfall, into resting state, if
There is sunlight appearance, then into charged state.
When rainfall stops, because runoff has hysteresis, control subsystem is not stopped, simply when preliminary survey water level
Meter, when detecting that the water level in sample bucket can not reach the water level of setting, whether control subsystem break-off, wait continues to drop
Rain, if the stand-by period is longer, control subsystem is again introduced into resting state.
Finally it should be noted that being merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and unrestricted above, although with reference to preferable cloth
Scheme is put the present invention is described in detail, it will be understood by those within the art that, can be to the technology of the present invention
Scheme（For example formed etc. with the form of cell and with the connection of the system, the form of sample bucket, sampling process, the overall of system）
Modify or equivalent substitution, without departing from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
- A kind of 1. water and soil conservation value cell runoff and sediment continuous sampling measuring system, it is characterised in that including：Installed in four sides There are the sampling subsystem having at the top of shutter in the casing of water-collecting tray, measurement subsystem, control subsystem, power subsystem, clearly Manage subsystem and rainfall sensor；It is multiple to be looped around taking according to water intaking situation and around the annular sampling crawler belt of intermittent rotary Sample bucket, described sample bucket are connected by automatic unlocking mechanism with annular sampling crawler belt；Described sampling subsystem be additionally provided with The sample tap of cell runoff delivery port pipeline connection, described sample tap are directed at the suitable for reading of sample bucket and are provided with preliminary survey water level Meter, described preliminary survey water-level gauge electrically connect with control subsystem, and described control subsystem is with driving annular sampling crawler belt operation Motor connection, the timer for calculating the rainwater full sample bucket time and a rainfall are provided with described control subsystem The metering device of full sample bucket number；Described measurement subsystem includes：Annular samples crawler belt lowering mechanism and is arranged on one Track in sampler barrel stop position, described track is provided with repetition measurement water-level gauge, ultrasonic vibrator and weighing sensor, described Sampler barrel be provided with Quick Response Code, be provided with two-dimensional code reader in described control subsystem.
- 2. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described sampler barrel is that top is inverted round stage, and bottom is circle Cylindricality, bottom are provided with valve, and column part is provided with least two fastening rings.
- 3. system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the round platform part of described sampler barrel is provided with to match with track The arcs of recesses fixing slot of conjunction.
- 4. system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described power subsystem includes, battery, described storage Battery is connected with solar panel.
- 5. system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described cleaning subsystem includes：It is arranged on a sampling Retractable vibrations ring and automatic flushing device in cylinder stop position.
- 6. system according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described automatic cleaning machine includes：It is arranged on the casing The water-collecting tray at top, described water-collecting tray are connected with the storage tank pipeline with filter, and described storage tank is with rinsing pump line Road is connected, and described flushing pump is connected with being capable of the shower nozzle of automatic telescopic, and the dividing plate arranged in length and breadth is provided with the water-collecting tray.
- 7. system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that data acquisition and storage are provided with described control subsystem Device, and be connected by network with remote control center.
- 8. a kind of usage right requires the water and soil conservation value cell runoff and sediment continuous sampling measuring method of 7 systems, its It is characterised by, it is as follows the step of described method：The step of parameter setting：By the downstream that sampling and measuring system installation outdoor cell is domatic, sample bucket height of water level is set, seen Measured frequency parameters；The step of storing electric energy：There is sunlight weather, solar panel collects solar energy, electric power storage is stored in after being converted to electric energy Chi Zhong, at this moment control subsystem be in the few resting state of power consumption；The step of wake-up：When rainfall starts, described rainfall sensor wake up control subsystem, control subsystem be waken up after with Remote management center establishes contact；Meanwhile water-collecting tray starts to collect rainwater, is stored in after filtering standby in storage tank；The step of sampling and measurement rainfall：When cell produces runoff, preliminary survey water-level gauge is sampled with the frequency measurement of at least 50 times/second Water level in bucket, control subsystem start recording delivery port contributing time timing, when the water level in sample bucket reaches setting value, Control subsystem stops timing and drives annular sampling crawler belt to rotate, and next sample bucket is entered below sample tap, under One wheel sampling, so moves in circles, and control subsystem constantly records the sampling number and delivery port contributing time of sample bucket, makees For metering run-off, the foundation of silt content, and these data are sent to remote management center；The step of accurate measurement：After sampler barrel water intaking, accurately determined in next stop position：The two of control subsystem first Tie up code reader and read the Quick Response Code that the sampler barrel weight is carried on sampler barrel, while annular sampling crawler belt declines, and makes sampler barrel Fall in orbit, the ultrasonic vibrator on track carries out vibration of ultrasonic wave to sampling water, to exclude the air in water, and crushes The bulk soil that water sample is brought, after vibrations, weighing sensor is weighed to sampler barrel, is obtained accurately after removing sampler barrel weight Weight, the sample bucket depth of water and accurate sampling weight of control subsystem record and storage repetition measurement are sampled, and is sent to long-range pipe Reason center；The step of cleaning：The sampler barrel of not selected storage enters cleaning area along annular sampling crawler belt, opens sampler barrel bottom Valve, releases water and silt in sampler barrel, and retractable vibrations ring is clamped sampler barrel and shaken, opens flushing pump and extract storage Rainwater, shower nozzle stretches out to be cleaned to sampler barrel, and sampler barrel continues to move ahead with annular sampling crawler belt after cleaning, and preparation takes next time Sample；The step of stopping：After rainfall terminates, rainfall sensor send rainfall stopping signal, control subsystem enter it is standby, such as Fruit, which continues to rain, is then again introduced into working condition, if several hours do not have rainfall, into resting state, if sunlight goes out It is existing, then into charged state.
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| CN116678681B (en) * | 2023-08-03 | 2023-09-29 | 山东群鑫助剂有限公司 | Raw material sampling device for experimental detection of halogenated polyolefin stabilizing auxiliary agent |
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