CN107449639B - Continuous sampling and measuring system and method for runoff sediment in soil and water conservation monitoring district - Google Patents
Continuous sampling and measuring system and method for runoff sediment in soil and water conservation monitoring district Download PDFInfo
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- CN107449639B CN107449639B CN201710466913.6A CN201710466913A CN107449639B CN 107449639 B CN107449639 B CN 107449639B CN 201710466913 A CN201710466913 A CN 201710466913A CN 107449639 B CN107449639 B CN 107449639B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a continuous sampling and measuring system and a method for runoff sediment of a water and soil conservation monitoring district, comprising the following steps: the system comprises a sampling subsystem, a measuring subsystem, a sample storage subsystem, a control subsystem, a power subsystem, a cleaning subsystem and a rainfall sensor, wherein the sampling subsystem, the measuring subsystem, the sample storage subsystem, the control subsystem, the power subsystem and the cleaning subsystem are arranged in a box body with shutters on four sides; the sampling barrels are arranged around the annular sampling crawler belt intermittently rotating according to the water taking condition, and are connected with the annular sampling crawler belt through an automatic unlocking mechanism. According to the invention, a whole set of sampling barrels capable of being automatically recycled are arranged, the sampling barrels continuously sample runoffs generated by the district through the annular sampling crawler belt, the sampling times are recorded, and meanwhile, each sampling is accurately measured through the measurement subsystem, so that completely unmanned automatic sampling and automatic measurement are realized, the field workload of scientific researchers is greatly reduced, and the manpower and the use cost are saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a system and a method for continuously sampling and measuring runoff sediment of a water and soil conservation monitoring district, in particular to a hydrological experiment system method, and relates to a system and a method for monitoring district runoff by applying water and soil conservation.
Background
The method comprises the steps of establishing a water and soil conservation monitoring cell, and carrying out water and soil loss monitoring on a designated place, wherein the water and soil conservation monitoring is a main means of carrying out water and soil conservation research, water and soil loss treatment, water and soil loss prevention and control of production construction projects and the like. The horizontal projection size of the standard monitoring cell is generally 20m long and 5m wide, and a water outlet is arranged at the downstream middle part. The runoff sediment process monitoring mainly adopts an equivalent diversion principle to monitor the process based on secondary rainfall. Namely, a carrying pond or a carrying barrel is arranged at the water outlet position of the community, a plurality of water outlets with the same level are uniformly arranged at the outer side of the carrying pond, and then runoff sediment at one water outlet is collected. And after the one-time runoff sediment process is finished, obtaining the runoff quantity and the sediment quantity of a single water outlet by adopting a manual measurement mode, multiplying the number of the water outlets and adding the water quantity and the sediment quantity in the receiving pool, and obtaining the runoff quantity and the erosion sediment quantity in the rainfall process.
The above-mentioned manner has the following problems in application: (1) In order to avoid manual interference, the soil and water conservation monitoring community is generally built at remote and inconvenient traffic positions, and after one-time monitoring is finished, sediment is difficult to clean and preparation is made for monitoring the next erosion sand production process. (2) The method can only monitor the total water and sand production, is difficult to monitor the water and sand production process, requires special personnel to watch in order to obtain the water and sand production process, however, due to uncertainty of rainfall and production flow, is difficult to obtain the monitoring opportunity of the sand production process and obtain data. (3) The obtained runoff and sediment data are often inaccurate, and the reference effect is limited. The method is mainly characterized in that the water level condition, sediment deposition condition and the like in the receiving pool are changed when the outflow process of the monitoring community is changed due to the influences of rainfall intensity change, the position of the water outlet of the monitoring community, the position of the receiving pool and the like, so that the outflow process of the water outlet and the sediment content process are greatly different, and the longer the rainfall production process is, the worse the representative of the runoff quantity and the sediment quantity of a single water outlet is.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a system and a method for continuously sampling and measuring runoff sediment in a soil and water conservation monitoring district. The system and the method can realize automatic high-precision measurement, automatic continuous sampling, automatic cleaning and maintenance and automatic monitoring.
The purpose of the invention is realized in the following way: a continuous sampling measurement system for runoff sediment in a soil and water conservation monitoring district, comprising: the system comprises a sampling subsystem, a measuring subsystem, a control subsystem, a power subsystem, a cleaning subsystem and a rainfall sensor which are arranged in a box body with a shutter on four sides and a water collecting disc on the top; the sampling barrels are connected with the annular sampling crawler belt through an automatic unlocking mechanism; the sampling subsystem is also provided with a sampling port connected with a district runoff water outlet pipeline, the sampling port is aligned with the upper port of a sampling barrel and is provided with a primary water level gauge, the primary water level gauge is electrically connected with the control subsystem, the control subsystem is connected with a motor driving the annular sampling crawler belt to operate, and the control subsystem is internally provided with a timer for calculating the time of filling rainwater into the sampling barrel and a counter for calculating the times of filling rainfall into the sampling barrel; the measurement subsystem includes: the device comprises an annular sampling crawler falling mechanism and a track arranged on a stop position of a sampling tube, wherein a retest water level gauge, an ultrasonic vibrator and a weighing sensor are arranged on the track, a two-dimensional code is arranged on the sampling tube, and a two-dimensional code reader is arranged in a control subsystem.
Furthermore, the sampling tube is an inverted circular table at the upper part, a cylinder at the lower part, a valve at the bottom and at least two clamping rings at the cylinder part.
Further, the round table part of the sampling tube is provided with a concave arc clamping groove matched with the track.
Further, the power subsystem comprises a storage battery, and the storage battery is connected with the solar panel.
Further, the cleaning subsystem includes: an openable and closable vibration ring and an automatic flusher arranged on a stop position of the sampling tube.
Further, the automatic cleaner includes: the water collecting tray is arranged at the top of the box body, the water collecting tray is connected with a water storage tank pipeline with a filter, the water storage tank is connected with a flushing pump pipeline, the flushing pump is connected with a spray head capable of automatically stretching, and a partition board which is vertically and horizontally arranged is arranged in the water collecting tray.
Further, the control subsystem is provided with a data acquisition and memory and is connected with a remote control center through a network.
A continuous sampling and measuring method for runoff sediment in a water and soil conservation monitoring district by using the system comprises the following steps:
and (3) parameter setting: installing a sampling measurement system at the downstream of the slope of an outdoor community, and setting various parameters of the water level height and the observation frequency of a sampling bucket;
a step of storing electric energy: when the sunshine is in a weather, the solar panel collects solar energy, converts the solar energy into electric energy and stores the electric energy in the storage battery, and the control subsystem is in a dormant state with little electricity consumption;
a step of waking up: when rainfall starts, the rainfall sensor wakes up the control subsystem, and the control subsystem establishes contact with the remote management center after being waken up; meanwhile, the water collecting disc starts to collect rainwater, and the rainwater is stored in the water storage tank for standby after being filtered;
the steps of sampling and measuring rainfall: when the cell generates runoff, the primary measuring water level meter measures the water level in the sampling barrel at a frequency of at least 50 times per second, the control subsystem starts to record the water outlet runoff time, when the water level in the sampling barrel reaches a set value, the control subsystem stops timing and drives the annular sampling crawler belt to rotate, the next sampling barrel enters the lower part of the sampling port and enters the next round of sampling, the sampling barrel is circularly reciprocated in this way, the control subsystem continuously records the sampling times of the sampling barrel and the water outlet runoff time as the basis for measuring the runoff amount and the sand content, and the data are sent to a remote management center;
the accurate metering step: after the sampling tube takes water, the accurate measurement is carried out at the next stop position: firstly, a two-dimension code reader of a control subsystem reads a two-dimension code with the weight of a sampling tube, and simultaneously an annular sampling crawler descends to enable the sampling tube to fall on a track, an ultrasonic vibrator on the track vibrates sampling water in an ultrasonic mode to remove air in the water and crush massive soil brought by the water sample, after vibration, a weighing sensor weighs the sampling tube, accurate sampling weight is obtained after the weight of the sampling tube is removed, and the control subsystem records and stores the water depth of the repeated sampling tube and the accurate sampling weight and sends the repeated sampling weight to a remote management center;
and (3) cleaning: the sampling tube which is not selected to be stored enters a cleaning area along the annular sampling crawler, a valve at the bottom of the sampling tube is opened, water and sediment in the sampling tube are discharged, an openable vibration ring clamps the sampling tube and vibrates, a flushing pump is started to pump stored rainwater, a spray head stretches out to clean the sampling tube, and the sampling tube continuously moves along with the annular sampling crawler after cleaning and is ready for next sampling;
stopping: after the rainfall is finished, the rainfall sensor sends out a signal for stopping the rainfall, the control subsystem enters a standby state, enters a working state again if the rainfall is continued, enters a dormant state if the rainfall is not present for a few hours, and enters a charging state if sunlight is present.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, a whole set of sampling barrels capable of being used automatically and circularly is arranged, the sampling barrels continuously sample runoffs generated by a district through the annular sampling crawler belt, the sampling times are recorded, meanwhile, each sampling is accurately measured through the measuring subsystem, the completely unmanned automatic sampling and automatic measuring are realized, the completely automatic sampling and accurate measuring of the runoff sediment process of the district are realized through the accurate measuring of the sampling times and the accurate weighing of water and sediment in each sampling barrel, the field workload of scientific researchers is greatly reduced, and the manpower and the use cost are saved.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a sampling subsystem according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a measurement subsystem according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a sampling bucket according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a power subsystem according to a fifth embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a cleaning subsystem according to a sixth embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiment one:
the embodiment is a continuous sampling and measuring system for runoff sediment in a soil and water conservation monitoring district, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3. The embodiment comprises the following steps: sampling subsystem 1, measurement subsystem 2, control subsystem 4, power subsystem 6, cleaning subsystem 5, and rainfall sensor 3 mounted in a box 7 with a shutter 701 on four sides and a water collection tray 702 on top, as shown in fig. 1. The sampling barrels are arranged around the annular sampling crawler belt intermittently rotating according to the water taking condition, and are connected with the annular sampling crawler belt through an automatic unlocking mechanism. The sampling subsystem is also provided with a sampling port 101 connected with a district runoff water outlet pipeline, the sampling port is aligned with the upper port of one sampling bucket 102 and is provided with a primary water level gauge 103, the primary water level gauge is electrically connected with the control subsystem, the control subsystem is connected with a motor for driving the sampling annular sampling crawler 104 to operate (as shown in fig. 2, only one sampling bucket is shown in fig. 2 because of the limitation of drawing, a plurality of sampling buckets actually surround the annular sampling crawler), and the control subsystem is internally provided with a timer for calculating the time of filling one sampling bucket with rainwater and a counter for counting the times of filling one sampling bucket with rainfall; the measurement subsystem includes: the annular sampling crawler belt falling mechanism 1042 and the track 105 arranged on one side of the annular sampling crawler belt, wherein the track is provided with a retest water level gauge 107, an ultrasonic vibrator and a weighing sensor 106, the sampling barrel is provided with a two-dimensional code, and the control subsystem is provided with a two-dimensional code reader, as shown in fig. 3.
The soil and water conservation monitoring cell (simply referred to as a cell) in this embodiment is a plurality of inclined tanks arranged in the field side by side, and the tanks are usually constructed by cement or other watertight materials, in which experimental soil is buried to form a soil experimental area with a slope. The district mainly detects the effect of rainwater on soil slope. The lower end of the district is provided with a structure for receiving runoff, all rainwater on the slope is collected together and is output through a pipeline. In this embodiment, the collected rainwater, including the runoff generated by the slope and the directly-lowered rainwater, are measured together to obtain data of the process of runoff of the slope and erosion of silt.
The embodiment is an environment independent automatic system suitable for field work, and can continuously work for tens of days or months, even more than one year without personnel on duty. The independent system is provided with a box body for protecting equipment from running safely and stably, a self-sufficient power supply system and a water supply cleaning system. The box body accommodates most of the equipment therein. Because the whole system is provided with various electronic equipment and automation equipment, a rainproof box body can be arranged for preventing the electronic equipment from being wetted and failing in rainfall. The rainproof box body is made of plastic or stainless steel, and a louver structure ventilating window is arranged in the middle of the four side surfaces. A rainproof control panel of the automatic control device is arranged at the upper part of one side of the box body. The inside of the box body can be communicated with the outside air through a shutter on the box body, and a clean working environment can be kept in the box body through a certain isolation means.
Because of the electronic and mechanical combination of field operation, a power supply is required. The power subsystem can be a variable-voltage power system connected with the mains supply, or can be electric energy converted by utilizing natural force if solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, water flow and other natural force capabilities are utilized, and the electric energy is stored by a storage battery and is used in rainfall detection.
The sampling subsystem in this embodiment is a mechanism for sleeving water and measuring runoff, the main body of the mechanism is an annular sampling crawler belt, and the sampling subsystem is provided with a plurality of sampling barrels, and the sampling barrels are densely arranged side by side when the upper openings are arranged, and are connected one by one, so that the water flow flowing out of the sampling openings can be completely collected, and the water flow is prevented from being spilled out of the sampling barrels as much as possible.
The annular sampling crawler belt is driven by the stepping motor to rotate, intermittent motion can be generated, when one sampling barrel is filled with runoff, the stepping motor drives the annular sampling crawler belt to move for one section, the other sampling barrel is placed below water outlet, sampling is continuously collected, the annular crawler belt continuously intermittently moves in a sampling manner, the sampling barrels are driven to continuously receive water below the water outlet, and the functions of measuring water quantity and sediment are formed.
The annular sampling crawler belt is provided with a clamping hook which is combined with a clamping ring on the sampling barrel to form a connecting mechanism of the annular sampling crawler belt and the sampling barrel. When the sampling bucket needs to be separated from the annular sampling crawler belt, the annular sampling crawler belt can be adopted to descend, the sampling bucket is supported, the clamping hook is separated from the clamping ring, and the sampling bucket and the annular sampling crawler belt are separated.
The primary water level gauge can be arranged on the sampling port, the height of the water level in the sampling barrel is measured, after the water level reaches a certain height, the primary water level gauge informs the control subsystem, the control subsystem controls the annular sampling crawler belt to move, the sampling barrel which is receiving water is moved away, and the empty sampling barrel is replaced to continue receiving water. The primary water level gauge and the secondary water level gauge can adopt ultrasonic water level gauges or other water level measuring sensors capable of outputting electric signals.
The sampling barrel is combined with a cylinder in the shape of an inverted truncated cone. The diameter D1 of the upper end of the round table, the diameter D2 of the lower end of the round table, the lower end of the round table is connected with a cylinder with the height h2, and the height h3 of the round table body part. The upper end is provided with an inward concave arc clamping groove at 1/5 position, the lower end is provided with a hinge which is connected and sealed with the bottom, and the clamping and bottom sealing of the annular sampling crawler belt is realized automatically in the transmission process. The stepping motor drives the annular sampling crawler belt to do circular motion through the driving gear. The annular sampling crawler belt is provided with sampling barrel clamping grooves at intervals of 50cm, the straight section of the annular sampling crawler belt is 1m long, and the arc section is a semicircle with the diameter of 1 m. The ultrasonic primary water level gauge is used for monitoring the water level height in the sampling barrel, the water level data is read by the control system at high frequency, the set water level is reached, and the stepping motor is immediately controlled to drive the annular sampling crawler belt to finish sampling. While preparing for the next sample.
The sampling barrel may also be other shapes, such as cylindrical, or polygonal prismatic, etc.
The measuring subsystem is used for accurately measuring the sample in the sampling barrel, and the measuring items comprise: the weight of the sample samples the exact water level in the bucket, etc.
The annular sampling crawler dropping mechanism can enable the annular sampling crawler to move up and down (as shown by arrow direction in fig. 3), so that the annular sampling crawler is combined with and separated from the sampling barrel.
When the annular sampling crawler is lifted, the clamping hooks hook the clamping rings on the sampling barrel, so that the annular sampling crawler can drive the sampling barrel to move, when the annular sampling crawler falls down, the sampling barrel is combined with the track, and the weighing sensor, the retest water level gauge and the ultrasonic vibrator on the track perform ultrasonic vibration and weighing on the sampling barrel, and the sampling barrel is subjected to two-dimensional code scanning before weighing so as to acquire information such as accurate weight of the sampling barrel.
The weight of the sample in the sampling barrel should be removed, so that the weight of the sampling barrel needs to be accurately measured between sampling, and the weight of the sampling barrel before sampling is subtracted after the sampling barrel with the sample is weighed because the sampling barrel is repeatedly used and the inside is very clean which is difficult to clean after each use, so that the weight after each use is probably not very same. This requires that each sample barrel be identified in a manner that may be provided with a two-dimensional code, or other indicia, on each sample barrel.
Measurement of water level: when the sampling barrel samples, there is the primary survey water level gauge to monitor the water level in the sampling barrel, once reaching the water level of requirement, stop the sample, this is the primary survey water level. The purpose of setting up the primary survey water level is in order to adapt to different outflow flows, guarantees the validity of sample: the sampling quantity is not enough in the case of small flow and the sampling is excessive in the case of large flow are avoided. The function of primary water level is mainly to control the water level in the sampling barrel, the height of the sampling barrel cannot be exceeded, the sampling amount cannot be too small, otherwise, the runoff and sediment amount cannot be accurately measured. However, the initial water level is inaccurate because the initial water level is measured during sampling, that is, water is flowing into the sampling barrel, the water level is continuously changed when the water level gauge calculates the water level, and when the water level gauge detects that the water level reaches the preset water level, a certain reaction time is provided, so that the sampling barrel leaves the sampling position, and the next sampling barrel is replaced for sampling. This reaction time has some differences for various reasons, which cause the problem that the water levels of the respective sampling barrels are not completely uniform. Another effect on the water level difference in the sampling bucket is: not only water but also silt and earth lumps are present in the sample. The sediment and soil blocks in each sampling bucket affect the water level, resulting in differences in water level sampling conditions in each sampling bucket. Therefore, before accurately measuring the water level, the ultrasonic vibration mode is preferably used for crushing and homogenizing the sediment, so that the water level sampling difference in each sampling barrel is removed, the relation between the water level and the weight can be accurately measured, and each parameter of the sampling can be determined.
Therefore, in the measuring subsystem, a sampling bucket mark, such as a two-dimensional code, needs to be set, and meanwhile, an accurate weighing facility and a retest water level gauge are required to be set, so that the retest water level gauge is used for accurately measuring the water level in the sampling bucket again.
The primary water level gauge and the secondary water level gauge can adopt ultrasonic water level gauges or other similar water level gauges capable of generating electronic data signals.
The measurement subsystem is arranged on a stop bit called the measurement zone of the sampling bucket: after entering the measuring area, the guide rail is concave and abducted, scheme 1: the lower 15cm is clamped and fixed with an ultrasonic vibration ring, ultrasonic vibration is carried out for 5 seconds, and the clamping and fixing ring is loosened; scheme 2: the ultrasonic vibrator enters the sampling barrel to vibrate for 5 seconds; then the water sample and the sampling barrel weight are recorded, and the water sample height in the sampling barrel is measured and recorded by using a retest water level meter. After the measurement is finished, the weighing platform moves forward to send the sampling barrel into the guide rail.
The cleaning subsystem is used for discharging water and sediment in the sampling barrel after weighing measurement as a next round of sampling. When the sampling barrel reaches a cleaning position along with the annular sampling crawler belt, the bottom cover of the sampling barrel is opened, and one-time reciprocating cleaning of 2/3 of the lower part of the inner wall of the sampling barrel is performed. The cleaning subsystem comprises a water storage tank, a water pump, a water guide pipe and a telescopic spray head driven by a motor. The water source for cleaning can be collected rainfall. The rainwater is collected by arranging a water collecting disc at the top of the tank body, and is stored in the water storage tank as a water source after being filtered. The water pressure is increased by a water pump, so that the spray head sprays water flow to clean the 2/3 area under the sampling barrel. And (3) circularly reciprocating for several times under the drive of a motor, cleaning the sampling barrel, and weighing for later use after the cleaning is finished. For cleaning, the cleaning subsystem can be provided with an ultrasonic vibrator to drive the sampling barrel in cleaning to vibrate so as to completely remove sediment and water in the sampling barrel.
The control subsystem is an electronic device with data processing and data storage functions, and can be a common PC computer, an industrial control computer, an embedded system and the like. The control subsystem can be connected with the control center through a network, a rainfall sensor can be arranged for saving energy, the control subsystem is in a dormant state under the condition of no rainfall, and when the rainfall occurs, the rainfall sensor wakes up the information of sending the rainfall start to the control subsystem, and the control subsystem is started.
Besides controlling the operation of the annular sampling crawler belt and the annular storage crawler belt, the control subsystem also records and stores rainfall start time t1, rainfall intensity i and rainfall p, monitors district water outlet outflow time t2, and the sampling barrel is connected with various data such as water sample start time t3 and water sample end time t 4. The control subsystem also controls the ultrasonic transducer to perform ultrasonic vibration on the water sample in the sampling barrel, records the water depth h1 in the sampling barrel measured by the retest water level meter, and records the weight m of the sampling barrel and the water sample Total (S) The bottom plate of the sampling barrel is controlled to be opened, the sampling barrel is emptied, the pressurizing pump and the miniature cleaning nozzle are controlled to reciprocally clean the sampling barrel, and the weight m of the sampling barrel is recorded Barrel (barrel) . The control subsystem also calculates the clear water quantity, the sediment quantity and the sand content according to the formula, and controls the stepping motor to realize automatic interval sampling or encrypted sampling according to rainfall intensity according to the set value.
Embodiment two:
this embodiment is a modification of the first embodiment, and is a refinement of the first embodiment with respect to the sampling bucket. The upper part of the sampling barrel in the embodiment is a reverse round table 1021, the lower part is a cylinder 1022, the bottom is provided with a valve 1023, and the cylinder part is provided with at least two clamping rings 1024, as shown in fig. 4.
The sampling barrel can be made of stainless steel or high-strength plastic. The shutter can be opened and closed by electromagnetic switch control. The effect of the clamping ring is matched with a clamping hook 1041 of the annular sampling crawler belt, the clamping hook is hooked on the clamping ring, and the annular sampling crawler belt can drive the sampling barrel to run. The clamping rings can be arranged in number of 2-4, and the clamping rings are arranged in a plurality of ways, so that the annular sampling crawler belt and the sampling barrel are combined more firmly, but too many clamping rings can make the system too complex and easily cause faults.
Embodiment III:
this embodiment is a modification of the above embodiment, and is a refinement of the above embodiment with respect to the sampling bucket. The circular truncated cone portion of the sampling barrel in this embodiment is provided with a concave arc-shaped clamping groove 1025 matched with the track 105, as shown in fig. 3.
The concave arc clamping groove is matched with the track, and the track is embedded in the groove, so that the sampling barrel can slide along the track. The annular sampling crawler dropping mechanism can enable the annular sampling crawler to move up and down (as shown by arrow direction in fig. 3), so that the annular crawler is combined with and separated from the sampling barrel. When the action of needing to be separated from the annular crawler belt such as weighing or cleaning is needed, the annular crawler belt falls down, so that the clamping hooks on the annular crawler belt are separated from the clamping rings on the sampling barrel, the sampling barrel slides into the track, and the track is embedded with the grooves on the sampling barrel to perform the working such as weighing or cleaning.
Embodiment four:
this embodiment is a modification of the above embodiment, and is a refinement of the above embodiment with respect to the power supply subsystem. The power subsystem according to the present embodiment includes a storage battery, which is connected to a solar panel 601, as shown in fig. 5.
The present embodiment uses solar energy as the primary energy source. The absorbed solar energy is converted into electrical energy by the solar cell, which is stored in the storage battery. Solar cells are typically mounted on the top of tall poles to receive more sunlight, and may also be mounted on the top of a building or structure, such as the roof of a house, the top of a tower structure, etc. The storage battery can be installed together with the solar battery so as to be installed inside the box body, and better protection is obtained.
Fifth embodiment:
this embodiment is a modification of the above embodiment and is a refinement of the above embodiment with respect to the cleaning subsystem. The cleaning subsystem of this embodiment includes: an openable and closable vibration ring 107 and an automatic flusher provided at a sampling tub stop position are shown in fig. 6.
The openable and closable vibrating ring has the functions that: when the valve of sampling bucket is opened, water and silt in the sampling bucket flows out of the sampling bucket, and in order to clean up, the openable and closable vibrating ring is closed (arrow direction in fig. 6), the sampling bucket is clamped, vibration starts, water and silt adhered to the sampling bucket vibrate and fall, and the automatic cleaner is matched to clean the sampling bucket.
Example six:
this embodiment is a modification of the above embodiment, and is a refinement of the above embodiment with respect to the automatic washer. The automatic cleaner according to the present embodiment includes: a flushing pump 501 connected to a water supply line is connected to a shower head 502 which is automatically retractable, as shown in fig. 6.
The automatic cleaner has the functions of cleaning up sediment in the sampling barrel through a pressurized water column, the pressure of the water column is provided by a water pump, the water source can collect rainfall as a water source, the rainfall is stored in a water storage tank for standby after being filtered, and the flushing is pressurized by the water pump and sprayed out by a spray head. The shower nozzle is installed on the pipe that can stretch out and draw back automatically, makes the shower nozzle can stretch out and draw back rotatory, carries out comprehensive washing about the upper and lower of sample bucket inner wall.
Embodiment seven:
this embodiment is a modification of the above embodiment, and is a refinement of the above embodiment with respect to the control subsystem. The control subsystem in this embodiment is provided with a data acquisition and a memory, and is connected to a remote control center through a network.
The data acquisition device and the memory of the control subsystem can be special acquisition and storage circuits, or can be attached to programs in a microprocessor or an on-board storage area.
The remote control center may be a BS/CS like type system or a data sharing system.
Example eight:
the embodiment is a continuous sampling and measuring method for runoff sediment in a soil and water conservation monitoring district by using the system of the embodiment, and the method comprises the following steps:
step one, parameter setting: and installing a sampling measurement system at the downstream of the slope of the outdoor community, and setting various parameters of the water level height and the observation frequency of the sampling bucket. Because the system is an automatic system, the system is installed according to the surrounding environment, so that the situation that the system is excessively moist and submerged due to too low topography is avoided, and the sampling and measurement cannot be influenced by wind power too much.
And (II) a step of storing electric energy: when the sunshine is in a weather, the solar panel collects solar energy, converts the solar energy into electric energy and stores the electric energy in the storage battery, and the control subsystem is in a dormant state with little electricity consumption. Because of the completely independent system, it is preferable to use a self-sufficient power supply system, such as one that takes energy from solar energy or from wind, stored in a battery.
And (III) waking up: when rainfall starts, the rainfall sensor wakes up the control subsystem, and the control subsystem establishes contact with the remote management center after being waken up; meanwhile, the water collecting disc starts to collect rainwater, and the rainwater is stored in the water storage tank for standby after being filtered.
In order to save energy, the whole device is in a dormant state under the condition of no rainfall, other equipment except a rainfall sensor stops working, and particularly a control subsystem which is continuously consumed by electricity is needed, so when the rainfall occurs, the sensor is awakened to send a signal to awaken the control subsystem, after the control subsystem is awakened, the control subsystem starts to control the whole system and starts to work, and meanwhile, a network connection is established with a remote management center to inform the remote management center that the rainfall starts, and sampling and measuring work is about to be carried out.
(IV) a step of sampling and measuring rainfall: when the cell generates runoff, the primary water level meter measures the water level in the sampling barrel at a frequency of at least 50 times per second, the control subsystem starts to record the water outlet runoff time, when the water level in the sampling barrel reaches a set value, the control subsystem stops timing and drives the annular sampling crawler belt to rotate, the next sampling barrel enters the lower part of the sampling port and enters the next round of sampling, the sampling process is repeated in a circulating way, the control subsystem continuously records the sampling times and the water outlet runoff time of the sampling barrel as the basis for measuring the runoff amount and the sand content, and the data are transmitted into the remote management system.
The sampling process must be very accurate, so that the water level in the sampling barrel is measured by the water level gauge during sampling, and once the required height is reached, the sampling barrel for taking water is replaced by leaving the starting sampling annular sampling crawler belt. Because the water and sediment amounts in the sampling barrel are accurately measured below, the runoff amount can be accurately calculated as long as the number of times the sampling barrel is replaced is measured.
The setting value is a preset water level value, and the normal water level value is slightly lower than the height of the sampling barrel, so that the water level in the sampling barrel after sampling is slightly lower than the upper edge of the sampling barrel, and the sample can be very stably reserved in the sampling barrel and can not shake out of the sampling barrel due to the movement of the sampling barrel. However, the water level should not be too low, which affects the sampling efficiency, and is preferably 80-90% of the height of the sampling bucket.
In the sampling and measuring process, the control subsystem continuously records measurement data, stores the data, and simultaneously sends the data to the remote management center, and the data can be summarized and transmitted to the remote management center after rainfall so as to save network resources.
And (V) a step of accurate metering: after the sampling tube takes water, the accurate measurement is carried out at the next stop position: firstly, a two-dimension code reader of a control subsystem reads a two-dimension code with the weight of the sampling tube on the sampling tube, and simultaneously, an annular sampling crawler descends to enable the sampling tube to fall on a track, an ultrasonic vibrator on the track vibrates sampling water in an ultrasonic mode to remove air in the water and crush massive soil brought by the water sample, after vibration, a weighing sensor weighs the sampling tube, accurate sampling weight is obtained after the weight of the sampling tube is removed, and the control subsystem records and stores repeated measuring water depth of the sampling tube and the accurate sampling weight and sends the accurate sampling weight to a remote management center.
For accurate weighing of water and sediment weight in the sampling barrel, firstly the weight of the sampling barrel needs to be removed, and the weight in the sampling barrel is weighed after the sampling barrel is cleaned, so that the measurement accuracy of one-time washing cannot be affected even if the residual sediment in the sampling barrel is not cleaned. When the annular sampling crawler falls down, the clamping hooks on the annular sampling crawler are not used for bearing the weight of the sampling barrel, the whole weight of the sampling barrel falls on the track, the vibrator on the track starts vibrating, and large sediment in water is crushed to uniformly mix the water and the sediment, so that the weight of the water and the sediment can be accurately obtained when the weighing is performed. After weighing, the water level in the sampling bucket is accurately retested, and because of ultrasonic vibration, massive soil in water is crushed, so that sediment and water are uniformly mixed, or the water level measurement conditions in each sampling bucket are consistent, thus being more beneficial to accurately calculating each parameter of a sample.
The calculation formula of water and sediment weight in the sampling barrel:
calculating the total volume of the obtained water and sediment samples according to the water depth h1 in the sampling barrel:
h1 is less than or equal to h 2: v (V) Total (S) =3.14×h2×（D2/2） 2
h1 > h 2: v (V) Total (S) =3.14×h2×（D2/2） 2 + 1/3π(h1－h2)(（D1） 2 +（D2） 2 +D1×D2)/4
According to the mass m of the sampling barrel and the water sample Total (S) And m Barrel (barrel) Calculating the total mass m of the obtained water and sediment sample Sample ：
m Sample =m Total (S) －m Barrel (barrel)
Calculating the sand content according to the formula:
S sand =γ Sand / V Total (S) × (m Sample －γ Water and its preparation method × V Total (S) ) /(γ Sand －γ Water and its preparation method )
Wherein: s is S Sand Is the sand content, gamma Sand For the sediment in the sampling barrelProduct of gamma Sand And gamma Water and its preparation method The volume weights of sediment and water are respectively.
And (six) cleaning: the sampling tube enters a cleaning area along the annular sampling crawler, a valve at the bottom of the sampling tube is opened, water and sediment in the sampling tube are discharged, the openable vibration ring clamps the sampling tube and vibrates, a flushing pump is started to pump stored rainwater, a spray head stretches out to clean the sampling tube, and the sampling tube continuously moves along with the annular sampling crawler after cleaning, so that the next sampling is prepared.
The water level in the water storage tank is also a very important parameter, if no water exists in the water storage tank, the cleaning of the water storage tank cannot be completed, and the sampling work cannot be completed, so that if no water exists in the water storage tank, the control subsystem should stop sampling.
(seventh) stopping: after the rainfall is finished, the rainfall sensor sends out a signal for stopping the rainfall, the control subsystem enters a standby state, enters a working state again if the rainfall is continued, enters a dormant state if the rainfall is not present for a few hours, and enters a charging state if sunlight is present.
When rainfall stops, because the runoff is lagged, the control subsystem does not stop working, but only when the initial water level gauge detects that the water level in the sampling barrel cannot reach the set water level, the control subsystem pauses working and waits for whether to continue rainfall or not, and if the waiting time is longer, the control subsystem enters a dormant state again.
Finally, it should be noted that the above is only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred arrangement, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention (such as the form of the cells and the connection to the present system, the form of the sampling bucket, the sampling process, the overall composition of the system, etc.) may be modified or substituted equally without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A continuous sampling measurement system for runoff sediment in a soil and water conservation monitoring cell, comprising: the system comprises a sampling subsystem, a measuring subsystem, a control subsystem, a power subsystem, a cleaning subsystem and a rainfall sensor which are arranged in a box body with a shutter on four sides and a water collecting disc on the top; the sampling barrels are connected with the annular sampling crawler belt through an automatic unlocking mechanism; the sampling subsystem is also provided with a sampling port connected with a district runoff water outlet pipeline, the sampling port is aligned with the upper port of a sampling barrel and is provided with a primary water level gauge, the primary water level gauge is electrically connected with the control subsystem, the control subsystem is connected with a motor driving the annular sampling crawler belt to operate, and the control subsystem is internally provided with a timer for calculating the time of filling rainwater into the sampling barrel and a counter for calculating the times of filling rainfall into the sampling barrel; the measurement subsystem includes: the device comprises an annular sampling crawler dropping mechanism and a track arranged on a stop position of a sampling barrel, wherein a retest water level gauge, an ultrasonic vibrator and a weighing sensor are arranged on the track, a two-dimensional code is arranged on the sampling barrel, and a two-dimensional code reader is arranged in a control subsystem; the cleaning subsystem comprises: an openable and closable vibrating ring and an automatic flusher arranged on a stop position of the sampling barrel; the automatic flusher comprises: the water collecting tray is arranged at the top of the box body, the water collecting tray is connected with a water storage tank pipeline with a filter, the water storage tank is connected with a flushing pump pipeline, the flushing pump is connected with a spray head capable of automatically stretching, and a partition board which is vertically and horizontally arranged is arranged in the water collecting tray.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the sampling barrel has a inverted circular cone at the upper part, a cylindrical shape at the lower part, a valve at the bottom, and at least two clamping rings at the cylindrical part.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the circular base portion of the sampling barrel is provided with a concave arc-shaped clamping groove matched with the track.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the power subsystem comprises a battery, the battery being coupled to the solar panel.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the control subsystem is provided with a data acquisition and memory and is connected to a remote management center via a network.
6. A method for continuously sampling and measuring runoff sediment in a water and soil conservation monitoring cell by using the system of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
and (3) parameter setting: installing a sampling measurement system at the downstream of the slope of an outdoor community, and setting various parameters of the water level height and the observation frequency of a sampling bucket;
a step of storing electric energy: when the sunshine is in a weather, the solar panel collects solar energy, converts the solar energy into electric energy and stores the electric energy in the storage battery, and the control subsystem is in a dormant state with little electricity consumption;
a step of waking up: when rainfall starts, the rainfall sensor wakes up the control subsystem, and the control subsystem establishes contact with the remote management center after being waken up; meanwhile, the water collecting disc starts to collect rainwater, and the rainwater is stored in the water storage tank for standby after being filtered;
the steps of sampling and measuring rainfall: when the cell generates runoff, the primary measuring water level meter measures the water level in the sampling barrel at a frequency of at least 50 times per second, the control subsystem starts to record the water outlet runoff time, when the water level in the sampling barrel reaches a set value, the control subsystem stops timing and drives the annular sampling crawler belt to rotate, the next sampling barrel enters the lower part of the sampling port and enters the next round of sampling, the sampling barrel is circularly reciprocated in this way, the control subsystem continuously records the sampling times of the sampling barrel and the water outlet runoff time as the basis for measuring the runoff amount and the sand content, and the data are sent to a remote management center;
the accurate metering step: after the sampling barrel takes water, the accurate measurement is carried out at the next stop position: firstly, a two-dimension code reader of a control subsystem reads a two-dimension code with the weight of the sampling barrel on the sampling barrel, and simultaneously, an annular sampling crawler descends to enable the sampling barrel to fall on a track, an ultrasonic vibrator on the track vibrates sampling water in an ultrasonic mode to remove air in the water and crush massive soil brought by the water sample, after vibration, a weighing sensor weighs the sampling barrel, accurate sampling weight is obtained after the weight of the sampling barrel is removed, and the control subsystem records and stores repeated measured water depth and accurate sampling weight of the sampling barrel and sends the repeated measurement to a remote management center;
and (3) cleaning: the sampling barrels which are not selected to be stored enter a cleaning area along the annular sampling crawler, a valve at the bottom of the sampling barrel is opened, water and sediment in the sampling barrel are discharged, the sampling barrel is clamped by an openable vibration ring and vibrated, a flushing pump is started to pump stored rainwater, a spray head stretches out to clean the sampling barrel, and the sampling barrel continuously moves along with the annular sampling crawler after cleaning, so that the next sampling is prepared;
stopping: after the rainfall is finished, the rainfall sensor sends out a signal for stopping the rainfall, the control subsystem enters a standby state, enters a working state again if the rainfall is continued, enters a dormant state if the rainfall is not present for a few hours, and enters a charging state if sunlight is present.
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| CN112997911B (en) * | 2021-02-19 | 2022-11-04 | 山东中医药大学 | Intelligent running platform device for rodent |
| CN113567295B (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-12-10 | 北京易科立德生态环境科技有限责任公司 | Runoff sediment content measuring device and method |
| CN116678681B (en) * | 2023-08-03 | 2023-09-29 | 山东群鑫助剂有限公司 | Raw material sampling device for experimental detection of halogenated polyolefin stabilizing auxiliary agent |
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