CN101758411A - 一种用于机床的换刀装置 - Google Patents
一种用于机床的换刀装置 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
- B23Q3/157—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools
- B23Q3/15713—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle
- B23Q3/1572—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means
- B23Q3/15753—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means the storage means rotating or circulating in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spindle
- B23Q3/15766—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means the storage means rotating or circulating in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spindle the axis of the stored tools being arranged perpendicularly to the rotating or circulating plane of the storage means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
- B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
- B23Q3/1554—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
- B23Q5/02—Driving main working members
- B23Q5/027—Driving main working members reciprocating members
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
- B23Q5/22—Feeding members carrying tools or work
- B23Q5/34—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission
- B23Q5/341—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission cam-operated
- B23Q5/345—Cam assembly
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
- B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
- B23Q3/1554—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore
- B23Q2003/155414—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers
- B23Q2003/155418—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers the grippers moving together
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
- B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
- B23Q3/1554—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore
- B23Q2003/155414—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers
- B23Q2003/155425—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers pivotable
- B23Q2003/155428—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers pivotable about a common axis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
- B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
- B23Q3/1554—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore
- B23Q2003/155414—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers
- B23Q2003/155425—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers pivotable
- B23Q2003/155435—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers pivotable and linearly movable
- B23Q2003/155439—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers pivotable and linearly movable along the pivoting axis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
- B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
- B23Q3/1554—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore
- B23Q2003/155414—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers
- B23Q2003/155425—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers pivotable
- B23Q2003/155435—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers pivotable and linearly movable
- B23Q2003/155446—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers pivotable and linearly movable with translation of the pivoting axis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T483/00—Tool changing
- Y10T483/17—Tool changing including machine tool or component
- Y10T483/1733—Rotary spindle machine tool [e.g., milling machine, boring, machine, grinding machine, etc.]
- Y10T483/1748—Tool changer between spindle and matrix
- Y10T483/1752—Tool changer between spindle and matrix including tool holder pivotable about axis
- Y10T483/1755—Plural tool holders pivotable about common axis
- Y10T483/1767—Linearly movable tool holders
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T483/00—Tool changing
- Y10T483/17—Tool changing including machine tool or component
- Y10T483/1733—Rotary spindle machine tool [e.g., milling machine, boring, machine, grinding machine, etc.]
- Y10T483/1748—Tool changer between spindle and matrix
- Y10T483/1752—Tool changer between spindle and matrix including tool holder pivotable about axis
- Y10T483/1779—Linearly movable tool holder
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T483/00—Tool changing
- Y10T483/17—Tool changing including machine tool or component
- Y10T483/1733—Rotary spindle machine tool [e.g., milling machine, boring, machine, grinding machine, etc.]
- Y10T483/1748—Tool changer between spindle and matrix
- Y10T483/1783—Tool changer between spindle and matrix including linearly translatable tool changer [e.g., shuttle, ram, etc.]
- Y10T483/1786—Plural tool holders
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/14—Rotary member or shaft indexing, e.g., tool or work turret
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/14—Rotary member or shaft indexing, e.g., tool or work turret
- Y10T74/1418—Preselected indexed position
- Y10T74/1424—Sequential
- Y10T74/1441—Geneva or mutilated gear drive
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/14—Rotary member or shaft indexing, e.g., tool or work turret
- Y10T74/1476—Rotary member or shaft indexing, e.g., tool or work turret with means to axially shift shaft
Abstract
本发明是一种用于机床的换刀装置,包括至少一个可旋转的刀具机械手爪(20),一个支承刀具机械手爪(20)的支撑柱(18),其可以被升高和降低并绕旋转轴(22)旋转,以及一个机械凸轮装置,其用来产生刀具机械手爪(20)的升降和旋转运动,其中凸轮装置有一个驱动马达(35)、一个凸轮鼓(30)、和一个中间齿轮(43到46)。凸轮鼓(30)在其上前部有一个挺杆(34)用于刀具机械手爪(20)的旋转驱动,以及在其外周表面有凸轮曲线(32),用于刀具机械手爪(20)的升降动作。前部挺杆(34)驱动一个Maltese槽轮(40),该Maltese槽轮(40)支承在一个轴(39)上,该轴(39)平行于刀具机械手爪(20)的旋转轴(22)。Maltese槽轮(40)、凸轮鼓(30)和刀具机械手爪(20)的支撑柱(18)以平行于轴的方式被依次安置。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于机床的换刀装置,包括至少一个刀具机械手爪(tool gripper),一个支撑刀具机械手爪的支撑柱(supporting column),其可以升高和降低并绕纵轴旋转,和一个机械凸轮装置,用来产生刀具机械手爪的升降和旋转动作,其中凸轮装置有一个凸轮鼓(cam barrel)、一个驱动马达(drive motor)、和一个中间齿轮(intermediate gear)。
在现代金属切削机床里,各种类型的换刀设备通常有一个刀具库(toolstorage)和一个换刀装置,而刀具库大都安置在实际工作区之外。利用这些系统,进行自动换刀以便能够减少各个加工装置的非生产时间,特别是所谓的换刀时间周期。特别是,要最小化实际换刀余量(tool allowance),其占据相当大比例的换刀时间周期。为了能够在尽可能短的时间周期内进行换刀,换刀装置各个部件的一些运动互相协作配合,例如降低刀具机械手爪以便能够让预先已经移动到了换刀位置的、要调换的刀具离开机床的上作主轴(work spindle),随后通常将刀具机械手爪旋转移动180°以便从工作主轴下方的位置移开要调换的刀具,并同时移动一个刀具插入到此位置内,最后采用升降动作将刀具插入到工作主轴的拉刀锥(clamping cone)。适当地,这种联合在一起的升降和旋转动作可以“一口气”(in one go)进行,无需任何停顿或传感器评估时间。为了产生这种连续动作,使用一个机械凸轮装置,其包括一个凸轮、一个用于移动特别是旋转凸轮鼓的驱动马达、和一个中间齿轮。凸轮轨道就形成在凸轮鼓壁上,挺杆构件(tappetmember)与其啮合。凸轮鼓的旋转运动使刀具机械手爪的支撑柱绕其纵轴旋转,同时使其在纵向方向上移动,使刀具机械手爪产生相应的旋转和垂直运动。
设计机械凸轮装置时遇到的一个特殊问题是要使凸轮鼓的直径尽可能小。只有具备一个充分小的凸轮鼓直径,才有可能实现极快地加速和减速,因为升降和旋转齿轮的惯性矩因凸轮鼓的直径越小而越小。另一方面,一旦减小凸轮鼓的直径,曲线陡度将会加大,由此机械部件的负荷将会增加。
在已知的机械凸轮装置里,通常一个凹槽形状的凸轮轨道形成在凸轮鼓的上前部,其中凸轮轨道引导一个挺杆(tappet),以便使包括刀具机械手爪的支撑柱产生升降动作。机械手爪的旋转运动是由凸轮鼓壳体表面上的一个或多个凸轮带动,其仅有一个有限的陡度,这只能够通过一个直径大约是250mm的大凸轮鼓来实现。总之,结果将是一个体积相当大的机械凸轮装置,并有相当高的惯性矩,从而需要设置较高的驱动功率来获得较短的换刀余量。撇开不理想的高机械负荷,这个已知的机械凸轮装置也需要机床有一个相当大的结构空间,对一个符合“拾捡(pick-up)”原理的换刀装置来说,这就使分别移动工作主轴到换刀装置和到刀具机械手爪成为必然。这些移动是非常耗时的,特别是那些具有较大轴行程的机床,因为这些机器有大且笨重的滑动托架装置,尽管有较大的轴行程,还是要能够确保在金属切削期间有足够的刚性。
本发明的一个目的是提供一个用于机床的换刀装置,其机械凸轮装置技术简易且结构紧凑,有较低的惯性,从而仅需要相对较小的驱动功率,并允许快速换刀,同时降低换刀时间周期。
依照本发明,本发明的目的可以由以下的事实得以实现,即机械凸轮装置的凸轮鼓在其上前部有一个挺杆,用于刀具机械手爪的旋转驱动,沿凸轮周长有凸轮曲线,用于刀具机械手爪的升降动作;挺杆与Maltese槽轮啮合,Maltese槽轮支承在一个轴上,该轴平行于刀具机械手爪的旋转轴,而刀具机械手爪的支撑柱、凸轮鼓和Maltese槽轮以平行于轴的方式被依次安置。
本发明中,在三个依次安排并互相平行的轴上配置的升降和旋转齿轮的齿轮构件可以产生期望的机械齿轮的紧凑性,即小宽度的换刀装置。由于细长狭窄的形状,在机床上只有较小的可用空间时,使得使用本发明的换刀装置成为可能。使用一个双机械手爪,其中一个机械手爪接收将被调换的刀具,另一个机械手爪装有将被插入的刀具。为了执行换刀操作所需的升高和降低动作,该双机械手抓被固定在一个支撑柱上,该支撑柱可以沿纵轴方向垂直移动,并有一个导杆(rod guide),其使换刀装置所需的升降动作成为可能。此外,支撑柱被支撑在一个支架上,其能够使刀具机械手爪绕柱轴旋转用来转移刀具。导杆上有一个挺杆,其直接与凸轮鼓外周表面上的凸轮曲线(cam curve)啮合。因此,换刀装置所需的刀具机械手爪的升降动作得以产生,并与其旋转运动同步。基于在凸轮鼓外周表面上的凸轮曲线配置,凸轮曲线可以有一个切实可行的陡度,与现有技术相比,并同时能够大幅减少凸轮鼓的直径到130mm,结果可以降低惯性,并降低结构部件的机械负荷。
依照本发明,通过在凸轮鼓上前部上的挺杆,产生刀具机械手爪的旋转运动。该挺杆与Maltese或Geneva槽轮啮合,该槽轮支承在一个平行于换刀装置旋转轴的轴上。为了能够使凸轮鼓直径尽可能小,选择Maltese步骤的齿轮传动比(gear ratio),使得仅仅稍微改变从一个传动到下一个传动的角距离(angular distance)。但是,当刀具机械手爪要求旋转180°时,其不可能通过Maltese步骤以符合常理的方式实现,而通过一个中间齿轮传动Maltese槽轮的旋转,就能使刀具机械手爪进行180°的旋转。中间齿轮包括一个安置在Maltese槽轮上的齿轮,该齿轮与另外支承在凸轮鼓轴上的一个齿轮组啮合,其第二齿轮轮流驱动安置在刀具机械手爪旋转轴上的一个齿轮。关于直径和齿数,这些齿轮需要被校准尺寸,从而使刀具机械手爪能够旋转180°。
本发明的配置能够最小化机械凸轮装置和其它组件所需的空间,通过减小凸轮鼓的直径并通过在凸轮鼓的外周表面上设置凸轮曲线,可以使刀具机械手爪进行升降和绕轴旋转动作。特别是,换刀装置的优势外型尺寸是由依次安置驱动马达、凸轮鼓、中间齿轮和支撑柱而产生的,它们的轴互相平行,最好是垂直着的。此外,Maltese槽轮及其与中间齿轮的连接能够旋转传动刀具机械手爪,而不会发生摇摆。通过提供中间齿轮用于刀具机械手爪的旋转运动,能够使在圆周上进行驱动所需的角度尽可能小,在圆周上凸轮鼓的角度处于45°和150°之间,其允许可以进一步减小凸轮鼓直径。
本发明的换刀装置可以被固定安置在机床上,例如,在其上部固定有刀具机械手爪的支撑柱经常位于一个特定位置,换刀装置所需的水平移动可以通过工作主轴执行。
在本发明的一个优选实施例里,换刀装置有一个狭长的固定基座和一个可以在纵向方向上移动的滑动托架。滑动托架包括一个外壳,其中可容纳换刀装置的功能部件,并可以通过线性驱动进行移动,例如空气-油气缸、主轴传动等。在本实施例里,通过位于滑动托架上的刀具机械手爪,可以进行换刀装置所需的相关水平移动,除此之外,工作主轴的水平移动也是可能的。
通过将驱动马达竖着,即以垂直方位安置在固定换刀装置外壳和滑动托架中,且分别与轴平行,并位于凸轮鼓的上游。从节省能耗和节省空间的观点来看,这样的配置是特别有利的。这样允许通过一对齿轮对凸轮鼓进行驱动,这对齿轮对起到减速齿轮的作用,在外壳内包括中间齿轮的Maltese槽轮安置在驱动马达和凸轮鼓上方。
以下将参照附图详细描述本发明的机床换刀装置的一个实施例,其中:
图1显示一个包括换刀装置的程控铣床的透视示意图;
图2显示本发明一个换刀装置的透视示意图;
图3显示图2换刀装置在起始和末端位置上的机械设计;
图4显示图2换刀装置在中间位置上的机械设计。
铣床结构如图1所示,其包括被安置在前侧位置上的一个立柱1和一个位于其前侧的底座2,工作台4安装在其倾斜前端3上。工作单元5已经被安置在立柱1的立式前端,而铣刀头6在此例子里是立式垂直安置,刀具7通过一个传统的刀夹具而夹紧。图1中,在立柱1的右边有一个链式刀库10,其包括多个垂直朝向的刀具11悬挂在回转链式刀库内。通过驱动该链式刀库,各个刀具11可以移动到一个换刀位置。
图1中,在链式刀库10下的换刀装置13,其有一个滑动托架15在基座14上,该换刀装置13以倾斜水平朝向靠立柱1旁边安置。该滑动托架15可以由基座14上的马达主轴16驱动沿双箭头方向移动,并形成有一个外壳17。在滑动托架15的自由端,旋转地支承有一个垂直朝向的支撑柱18,一个包含两个直径的机械夹爪(gripper tong)的刀具双手爪20安装在其上端。
从图2可以发现,支撑柱18是由两个支柱18a、18b构成,其下端固定在一个公共旋转圆盘19上,而双手爪的刀具手爪20安装在其上端。支撑柱18可以沿双箭头21方向移动,并绕其旋转轴22旋转180°(参照图3和图4)。从图2可以发现,在支撑柱18的下方有导杆23,以轴22为旋转轴,其下端支承在外壳17的落地轴承(floor bearing)24上。一个横向校准构件26支承在导杆23上,该构件被连接到支撑柱18的下端,并在构件26端部有挺杆25。在外壳17内,支撑着的凸轮鼓30靠在支撑柱18的导杆23旁边,凸轮鼓30的旋转轴31与支撑柱18的旋转轴22平行。在凸轮鼓30的外周表面上,形成有一个凹槽形状的凸轮曲线32,导杆23的挺杆25与其啮合。在凸轮或升降鼓30的上前部,还有另一个挺杆34被偏心固定,当升降凸轮鼓30旋转时,其与以下描述的Maltese槽轮40协同动作。
在滑动托架15的外壳17内,在其前部,有一个电驱动马达35平行于凸轮鼓30的轴,马达35的驱动轴36载有一个齿轮37,其与升降凸轮鼓30底部上的另一个齿轮38啮合。齿轮对37、38形成一个减速齿轮,通过该减速齿轮,升降凸轮鼓30由马达35驱动。
Maltese槽轮40,其如示意图3a、4a所示,被固定在轴39上,轴39支承在滑动托架外壳17的盖板上,并校准与凸轮鼓主轴31平行。固定在凸轮或升降凸轮鼓30上面的挺杆34可以与Maltese槽轮40的径向槽41之一啮合,并一起进行旋转,如图4所示。一个同轴支撑的齿轮43稳固地连接到Maltese槽轮40,其中齿轮43与凸轮或升降凸轮鼓30的轴31上支承的小齿轮(pinion)44啮合。与该小齿轮44稳固连接的一个齿轮45,与另一个齿轮46啮合。齿轮43到46形成一个中间齿轮装置。
从图3和4可以发现,凸轮鼓30、支撑柱18、Maltese槽轮40、驱动马达35和包括减速齿轮及中间齿轮的多个齿轮,被安置在公共外壳17内,它们的垂直轴相互平行成一行。
本发明中的换刀装置的基本优点之一可以从图3和4看到,即有相当小的宽度。这种细长狭窄的形状可以使换刀装置在水平面上分别倾斜朝向机床及其工作空间,如图1所示。通过依次安置单个组件如支撑柱18、凸轮或升降凸轮鼓30、Maltese槽轮40和驱动马达35成一行,可以达到这么小的宽度。通过在凸轮鼓的外周表面上形成凸轮曲线32,并在凸轮或升降凸轮鼓30的上前部设置挺杆34与Maltese槽轮40啮合,可以获得小直径的凸轮或升降凸轮鼓30。
从图3可以发现,支撑柱18和刀具机械手爪20位于顶部起始位置时,其中挺杆25与升降凸轮鼓30上的凸轮曲线32顶部啮合,在升降凸轮鼓30前部上的挺杆34位于Maltese槽轮40的对面位置。通过启动电驱动马达35,经由减速齿轮37、38,升降凸轮鼓30旋转到图4所示中间位置,这样支撑柱18和刀具机械手爪20也就位于其最低位置上。由于升降凸轮鼓30旋转了一半,挺杆34已经移动到径向上相反的位置,并被推入到Maltese槽轮40的其中一个径向槽41内。传递到Maltese槽轮40的旋转运动又被传递到支撑柱18,由此通过齿轮组43到46也被传递到刀具机械手爪20。产生的刀具机械手爪20的升降和旋转动作是一个连续动作,其使快速自动换刀成为可能,但仅需要相当小的空间。包括升降和绕轴旋转齿轮的换刀装置13,结构紧凑,只占用较小的结构空间。因此,载有刀具机械手爪的滑动托架15范围可以很窄,夹在其他部件当中,即仅比即将插入的刀具的最大直径稍微宽一点。
本发明不受限于以上附图和描述里所述的实施例。例如,换刀装置的基座可以是外壳17的固定支撑结构或换刀装置的功能部件,例如,不是滑动托架15,而是外壳17固定在基座14上。在此例子里,在工作主轴的刀具固定架和各个刀具机械手爪之间换刀所需的水平移动,都是通过工作主轴或铣刀头完成的。除此之外,凸轮或升降凸轮鼓30也可以安置在外壳17内驱动马达35的上游,与马达和支撑柱18排成一行。
Claims (9)
1.一个用于机床的换刀装置,包括:
至少一个可旋转的刀具机械手爪(20),
一个支承刀具机械手爪(20)的支撑柱(18),其可以被升高和降低并绕旋转轴(22)旋转,
一个机械凸轮装置,用于产生刀具机械手爪(20)的升降和旋转动作,其有一个驱动马达(35)、一个凸轮鼓(30)和一个中间齿轮(43到46),其特征在于:
凸轮鼓(30)在其上前部有一个挺杆(34),用于刀具机械手爪(20)的旋转驱动,以及在其外周表面上有凸轮曲线(32),用于刀具机械手爪(20)的升降动作,
前部挺杆(34)驱动一个Maltese槽轮(40),Maltese槽轮(40)被支撑在一个轴(39)上,该轴(39)平行于刀具机械手爪(20)的旋转轴(22),和
Maltese槽轮(40)、凸轮鼓(30)和刀具机械手爪(20)的支撑柱(18)以平行于轴的方式被依次安排。
2.根据权利要求1所述的换刀装置,其特征在于:
凸轮鼓(30)、支撑柱(18)、Maltese槽轮(40)、驱动马达(35)和中间齿轮(43到46)被安置在一个公共外壳(17)内,它们的垂直轴互相平行。
3.根据权利要求2所述的换刀装置,其特征在于:
外壳(17)是滑动托架(15)的一部分,其可以在一个狭窄的、固定的基座(14)上由马达驱动沿纵轴方向移动。
4.根据权利要求2所述的换刀装置,其特征在于:
外壳(17)被稳固地安装在一个固定的、狭窄的和细长的基座上。
5.根据上述任何一个权利要求所述的换刀装置,其特征在于:
支撑柱(18)有一导杆(23),其中导杆包括挺杆(25),挺杆(25)在一个横向校准构件(26)的径向外端上,挺杆(25)与凹槽形状的凸轮曲线(32)啮合。
6.根据上述任何一个权利要求所述的换刀装置,其特征在于:
驱动马达(35)安置在外壳(17)内凸轮鼓(30)的上游。
7.根据上述任何一个权利要求所述的换刀装置,其特征在于:
驱动马达(35)通过减速齿轮(37、38)驱动凸轮鼓(30)。
8.根据上述任何一个权利要求所述的换刀装置,其特征在于:
中间齿轮(43到46)位于外壳(17)内,用于传递Maltese槽轮(40)的旋转运动,并且齿轮组(43到46)在外壳(17)内以平行轴的方式被依次安置成一行。
9.根据上述任何一个权利要求所述的换刀装置,其特征在于:
支撑柱(18)有两个相互平行的支柱(18a、18b),以及一个被安置在滑动托架(15)外壳内的导杆(23),在该导杆上,挺杆(25)通过一个横向校准构件(26)可以轴向移动。
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KR100188751B1 (ko) * | 1994-09-29 | 1999-06-01 | 정몽규 | 머시닝센터의 툴교환장치 |
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JPH10263971A (ja) * | 1997-03-25 | 1998-10-06 | Brother Ind Ltd | 工作機械の工具交換装置 |
JP4634575B2 (ja) * | 2000-06-26 | 2011-02-16 | 株式会社三共製作所 | カム装置 |
CN1111113C (zh) * | 2000-08-11 | 2003-06-11 | 福裕事业股份有限公司 | 专用加工机的刀具储置、更换装置 |
CN1374170A (zh) * | 2001-03-14 | 2002-10-16 | 陈伯勋 | 综合加工机的换刀传动装置 |
DE102008006175B4 (de) * | 2008-01-26 | 2012-01-19 | Karl Keppler Maschinenbau Gmbh | Werkzeugwechselvorrichtung |
-
2008
- 2008-11-27 DE DE102008059422A patent/DE102008059422A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-10-30 ES ES09013699T patent/ES2373418T3/es active Active
- 2009-10-30 EP EP09013699A patent/EP2191933B1/de active Active
- 2009-10-30 AT AT09013699T patent/ATE528104T1/de active
- 2009-11-25 US US12/626,297 patent/US8425386B2/en active Active
- 2009-11-25 CN CN200910246663.0A patent/CN101758411B/zh active Active
- 2009-11-26 JP JP2009268323A patent/JP5537131B2/ja active Active
Cited By (15)
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CN103722427A (zh) * | 2012-10-15 | 2014-04-16 | 利勃海尔-齿轮技术有限责任公司 | 用于在齿轮切削机器中更换具有双面轴承的齿轮切削刀具的方法及用于该方法的设备 |
CN103934717A (zh) * | 2013-01-17 | 2014-07-23 | 宁波恒大机械有限公司 | 数控机床的换刀方法 |
CN103934717B (zh) * | 2013-01-17 | 2016-05-18 | 宁波恒大机械有限公司 | 数控机床的换刀方法 |
CN104259913A (zh) * | 2014-08-29 | 2015-01-07 | 许博 | 一种简易数控加工中心自动换刀装置 |
CN106392730B (zh) * | 2016-11-29 | 2018-11-09 | 东莞市埃弗米数控设备科技有限公司 | 一种伸缩旋转换刀装置 |
CN106392730A (zh) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-02-15 | 东莞市埃弗米数控设备科技有限公司 | 一种伸缩旋转换刀装置 |
CN107378587A (zh) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-11-24 | 邱龙海 | 一种机床换刀装置 |
CN107470958A (zh) * | 2017-08-22 | 2017-12-15 | 芜湖超源力工业设计有限公司 | 一种机械加工领域专用刀具换装机器人 |
CN108608364A (zh) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-10-02 | 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 | 刀具拆装辅具 |
CN111142473A (zh) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-05-12 | 深圳市裕展精密科技有限公司 | 工件的加工控制方法、装置及计算机存储介质 |
CN111496530A (zh) * | 2020-01-24 | 2020-08-07 | 浙江双盈自动化设备有限公司 | 双工位镜架数控机床 |
CN111496530B (zh) * | 2020-01-24 | 2021-02-26 | 浙江双盈自动化设备有限公司 | 双工位镜架数控机床 |
CN112207601A (zh) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-12 | 乔锋智能装备股份有限公司 | 一种加工中心自动换刀系统 |
CN112207601B (zh) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-09-03 | 乔锋智能装备股份有限公司 | 一种加工中心自动换刀系统 |
CN114473598A (zh) * | 2022-01-22 | 2022-05-13 | 深圳市创世纪机械有限公司 | 一种数控机床 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5537131B2 (ja) | 2014-07-02 |
DE102008059422A1 (de) | 2010-06-02 |
ATE528104T1 (de) | 2011-10-15 |
EP2191933A1 (de) | 2010-06-02 |
CN101758411B (zh) | 2014-04-16 |
ES2373418T3 (es) | 2012-02-03 |
EP2191933B1 (de) | 2011-10-12 |
JP2010125596A (ja) | 2010-06-10 |
US20100173762A1 (en) | 2010-07-08 |
US8425386B2 (en) | 2013-04-23 |
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