CN103722427A - 用于在齿轮切削机器中更换具有双面轴承的齿轮切削刀具的方法及用于该方法的设备 - Google Patents

用于在齿轮切削机器中更换具有双面轴承的齿轮切削刀具的方法及用于该方法的设备 Download PDF

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CN103722427A
CN103722427A CN201310481602.9A CN201310481602A CN103722427A CN 103722427 A CN103722427 A CN 103722427A CN 201310481602 A CN201310481602 A CN 201310481602A CN 103722427 A CN103722427 A CN 103722427A
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tool
gear cutting
cutting tool
cutter
changer
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托马斯·泽勒
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Liebherr Verzahntechnik GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/0042—Devices for removing chips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
    • B23Q3/1554—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
    • B23F23/12—Other devices, e.g. tool holders; Checking devices for controlling workpieces in machines for manufacturing gear teeth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
    • B23F23/12—Other devices, e.g. tool holders; Checking devices for controlling workpieces in machines for manufacturing gear teeth
    • B23F23/1237—Tool holders
    • B23F23/1243—Hob holders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/15513—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling the tool being taken from a storage device and transferred to a tool holder by means of transfer devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
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    • B23Q3/15526—Storage devices; Drive mechanisms therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
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    • B23Q3/1572—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means
    • B23Q3/15753—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means the storage means rotating or circulating in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spindle
    • B23Q3/15766—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means the storage means rotating or circulating in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spindle the axis of the stored tools being arranged perpendicularly to the rotating or circulating plane of the storage means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F5/00—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made
    • B23F5/02—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by grinding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
    • B23Q3/1554—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore
    • B23Q2003/155404—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising a single gripper
    • B23Q2003/155407—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising a single gripper linearly movable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
    • B23Q3/1554—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore
    • B23Q2003/155414—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers
    • B23Q2003/155418—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers the grippers moving together
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
    • B23Q3/1554—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore
    • B23Q2003/155414—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers
    • B23Q2003/155425—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers pivotable
    • B23Q2003/155428—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers pivotable about a common axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
    • B23Q3/1554—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore
    • B23Q2003/155414—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers
    • B23Q2003/155425—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers pivotable
    • B23Q2003/155435—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers pivotable and linearly movable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/157—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools
    • B23Q3/15713—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle
    • B23Q3/1572—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means
    • B23Q3/15724—Chains or belts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/157—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools
    • B23Q3/1578—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools for tool transfer in a machine tool with a horizontal and a vertical spindle; for tool transfer in a machine tool with a spindle having variable orientation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/22—Feeding members carrying tools or work
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T483/15—Tool changing with means to condition or adjust tool or tool support
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T483/00—Tool changing
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种通过刀具更换器更换刀具库与加工头之间的具有双面轴承的齿轮切削刀具的方法，该方法通过保持齿轮切削刀具沿着垂直的Z轴的垂直对准来实现。根据本发明的方法包括以下步骤：a.通过保持刀具的垂直对准，更换刀具更换器与刀具库或加工头这两种设备中的一个之间的齿轮切削刀具，b.通过保持齿轮切削刀具的垂直对准，移动刀具更换器和加工头与刀具库之间的齿轮切削刀具，或反之亦然。c.通过保持刀具的垂直对准，更换刀具更换器与刀具库或加工头这两种设备中的另一个之间的齿轮切削刀具。

Description

用于在齿轮切削机器中更换具有双面轴承的齿轮切削刀具的方法及用于该方法的设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在齿轮切削机器及其设备中更换具有双面轴承的齿轮切削刀具（在这里特别是铣削和磨削刀具）的方法。 
背景技术
用于在加工中心更换刀具的方法和设备在工业中是已知的。用于金属加工过程的加工中心，如齿轮切削、铣削或车削机器，从而可以替换地被装备有各种刀具或其它辅助设备。对于通过自动化实现过程优化的目的，通常的做法是使用专门的刀具更换器。该刀具更换器表示加工中心和刀具库之间的连接元件。 
刀具更换器的目的就是将加工中心中的给定的操作步骤所需的刀具从刀具库传送到加工中心，反之将不再需要的刀具从加工中心传送到刀具库，以使得不再需要的刀具可以存储在刀具库中。 
与手动刀具更换相比，通过使用这种自动刀具更换器可以减小工件的加工时间。另外，该刀具更换器接管了可能是单调的、易出错的和存在潜在危险的工作，其现在不再需要由操作者执行。 
根据刀具、加工中心的刀具轴承和在刀具库中的刀具的夹持单元的复杂性，刀具更换器满足了不同程度的高的要求。 
由刀具更换器满足的高要求在此通常意味着既增加了购置成本又增加了正在进行的操作方面的成本。随着刀具更换器的复杂性的增加，其对故障的敏感性和补救的成本也同样增加。 
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的就是提供一种用于更换齿轮切削刀具（在这里特别是铣削和磨削刀具）的改进的方法和改进的设备。 
根据本发明，此目的由具有权利要求1所述的特征的、用于更换齿轮切削刀具的方法所解决。 
有利的是在刀具更换操作期间的齿轮切削刀具的对准被尽可能小地改变，因为对于更换刀具库、加工头和刀具更换器之间的齿轮切削刀具，通常在相应的刀具夹持器内需要精确的对准或定位。当齿轮切削刀具的对准或定位偏离容许值时，有可能不执行正确的更换操作，例如，加工头或滑动件的刀具夹持器不能正确地夹住齿轮切削刀具。在更换操作期间，齿轮切削刀具的对准被改变的越少，齿轮切削刀具的错误对准的风险就越小。特别地，在更换刀具库、加工头和刀具更换器之间的齿轮切削刀具期间，当齿轮切削刀具的更换位置相同时。 
原则上，在更换操作期间，根据其依赖于刀具更换器的构造的6个自由度，齿轮切削刀具能够在6个方向上移动。相应地，齿轮切削刀具的移动的设定值和实际值之间的操作相关的偏差可以在所有6个移动方向上获得，这不可能提供一种正确的更换操作。本发明的自由度的限制降低了这种偏差的风险。 
在整个更换操作期间，齿轮切削刀具的垂直对准相当于刀具沿着Z轴的对准，其对应于重力的方向，并且同时相当于消除了围绕x轴和y轴的自由旋转度。齿轮切削刀具的这种对准导致了如下事实，即齿轮切削刀具的重心位于距离齿轮切削刀具的夹持区域相当短的水平距离的位置处，在此处齿轮切削刀具由夹持件夹持。通过齿轮切削刀具在夹持件中的这种安装获得了最小化的扭矩，否则由于齿轮切削刀具的夹持区域和重心之间的重力和距离，该扭矩由齿轮切削刀具施加在夹持件上。根据相应的定位可以容易地将作用在夹持件上的扭矩保持接近零或为零。 
根据本发明，该方法用于将齿轮切削刀具从第一设备输送到第二设备。在一个优选的实施例中，第一设备可以是刀具库，第二设备可以是加工头。在又一个优选的示例性实施例中，第一设备可以是加工头，第二设备可以是刀具库。 
原则上，本发明适用于所有类型的加工中心和刀具。然而，根据本发明，由于由现有的大型齿轮切削刀具重量引入到该设备的较大的扭矩能够被最小化，在齿轮切削机器和相关的齿轮切削刀具领域中的应用可以特别有利地实现。原则上，各种类型的刀具都可用于实施本发明，并且根据本发明，本文中所指的是铣削和磨削刀具。 
此外，可以设想一种实施例，其中加工头直接将齿轮切削刀具移交至刀具库，而没有为此目的提供的与齿轮切削机器分离的刀具更换器。 
可以设想各种机制，所述机制在更换加工头和刀具更换器之间的齿轮切削刀具时可以被使用的，并且所述机制为齿轮切削刀具与加工头提供一种安全且可松开的连接。仅必须确保齿轮切削刀具可以自动地与加工头连接，以使得能够加工工件。 
对于连接齿轮切削刀具或对于从加工头释放齿轮切削刀具，因此特别有利的是，更换加工头和刀具更换器之间的齿轮切削刀具包括移动刀具主轴承和/或刀具副轴承和/或刀具夹紧件。 
相反地，在刀具库的一侧上，齿轮切削刀具与刀具库连接或从刀具库中释放。通常地，不同类型的刀具库可用于实施根据本发明的方法。当实施本发明时，可以设想两种已知的磁盘库和链库。也可以想象存放库，其中齿轮切削刀具仅被存放而不被活动的夹持设备夹住。仅起决定性作用的是在刀具库和刀具更换器之间的刀具更换期间给出了刀具的垂直对准。 
在一个实施例中，该方法包括刀具库，其中齿轮切削刀具以垂直悬挂的方式存储。齿轮切削刀具能够与刀具库以不同的方式连接。可以设想适于可释放地连接齿轮切削刀具与刀具库的夹紧连接、插头连接、磁性连接或其它方式。在有利的实施例中，用于夹持齿轮切削刀具的至少一个夹持单元被提供，使得更换刀具库和刀具更换器之间的齿轮切削刀具包括在刀具库中向下和向上移动齿轮切削刀具的夹持单元。 
此外，可以设想另外的不同的步骤，所述步骤可以与齿轮切削刀具从一个设备到另一个设备的传输相关地执行。这些可以是其中例如在齿轮切削刀具或工件处做出的测量的步骤，或者是可用于永久除去磨损的或损坏的齿轮切削刀具以便插入新的齿轮切削刀具的步骤，或者是在所使用的齿轮切削刀具或刀具更换器、刀具库或加工头处的清洁步骤。 
因为在金属加工中，这里尤其是在上述的如铣削和车削的加工技术中，可以获得相当量的切屑和冷却液体，通常的做法是在齿轮切削机器的操作期间执行清洁过程。清洁过程可以涉及到齿轮切削机器，但也涉及到齿轮切削刀具，以使其可以被提供来执行在除去或插入和齿轮切削刀具的传输之间的清洁操作。特别地，它可以设置成：在刀具库和刀具更换器之间的齿轮切削刀具的更换，包括在锥体清洁位置的方向上移动具有夹持件的托架单元、将清洁单元从开始位置移动到清洁位置、对齿轮切削刀具进行清洁、将清洁单元从清洁位置移动到开始位置。 
特别优选的是当进行加工头和刀具更换器之间的刀具更换的步骤和进行刀具更换器和刀具库之间的刀具更换的步骤之间时，在清洁位置处实施了齿轮切削刀具的清洁操作。 
本发明进一步涉及一种刀具更换器，其形成为用于实施根据权利要求1至7所述的方法。对应于描述它被设置成刀具更换器包括至少以下元件：夹持件和托架单元，所述托架单元具有上部托架、中间托架和下部托架，其中夹持件设置在上部托架处，其中上部托架可以由中间托架移动，并且其中上部托架和中间托架可以由下部托架沿着导轨移动。中间托架也可以省略掉，其中下部托架则可附加地执行中间托架的功能。 
附图说明
参照附图中示出的示例性实施例对本发明的进一步的细节和优点进行详细的描述，其中： 
图1：示出了具有刀具库和铣削刀具的刀具更换器， 
图2：示出了齿轮切削机器，以及 
图3：示出了刀具更换器、刀具库、齿轮切削机器和铣削刀具之间的布置。 
具体实施方式
图1示出了刀具更换器1和刀具库10的布置。刀具更换器1包括夹持件2和托架单元3，该托架单元3包括上部托架6、中间托架5和下部托架4。夹持件2设置在上部托架6处。托架单元3与夹持件2一起被设置成沿着导轨7移动。 
刀具库10包括至少一个夹持单元11，所述夹持单元11向上和向下移动并且铣削刀具20可安装在其中。 
在图1中，刀具更换器1在刀具库10的区域的位置处。其中铣削刀具20能够在刀具库10和刀具更换器1之间被更换。 
如图1所示，铣削刀具20以垂直对准的方式安装。如图1所示的刀具更换器1和刀具库10之间的更换情况清楚地说明了即使在更换的时刻，其中夹持件2和夹持单元11都与铣削刀具20相接触，并存在铣削刀具20的垂直对准。 
从附图中还可以看出，通过铣削刀具20的重量，将主要的垂直作用 力引入到扭矩引入到加持单元11和夹持件2中，而没有将扭矩引入到加持单元11和夹持件2中。 
图2示出了具有空间轴X、Y和Z和对应的旋转方向A、B和C的齿轮切削机器30。 
A1涉及加工头的旋转方向，B1表示刀具轴，其对应于主驱动件的旋转轴。V1表示切向位移，X1是加工头的径向轴，Z1是加工头的轴向轴。C2是工件轴。Z4表示相对托架臂移动的移动轴。C6是具有链条驱动的刀具库的旋转的轴。Y6是中间托架5和上部托架6的移动的平移轴，X6是完整的托架单元3的移动的平移轴。 
齿轮切削机器30设置有用于安装铣削刀具20的装置。同样例如可形成为刀具主轴承和刀具副轴承。刀具主轴承和刀具副轴承能够设置在分离的轴上。刀具副轴承可以这样设计以使得其对于刀具更换是可伸展的。出于铣削刀具20与齿轮切削机器30的安全连接，还可以提供刀具夹紧件。 
图3示出了刀具更换器1、刀具库10和加工头30的整体的布置。在示意图中，刀具更换器1位于加工头30的区域中。 
刀具更换器1处于铣削刀具20能够在刀具更换器1和加工头30之间更换的位置处。加工头30在刀具更换位置处，其中铣削刀具20能够以垂直对准的方式更换。 
在根据图1的示例性实施例中，刀具更换器1配备有单个夹持件2。然而，根据本发明，具有两个夹持件的夹紧设备可以在上部托架6处以某一方式提供（此处未示出）。通过用这种方法修改刀具更换器1，所提供的用于加工的齿轮切削刀具可以被提起和传输到加工头。在加工头处，所使用的齿轮切削刀具可以从刀具更换器1中提起。通过相应的旋转/移位移动，设置在刀具更换器1处的双夹持件能够转动，使得携带新的齿轮切削刀具的夹持件夹紧加工头中的相同物体。在夹紧新的齿轮切削刀具之后，首先被提起的所使用的齿轮切削刀具能够被输送回刀具库10。 

Claims (5)

1.一种通过刀具更换器更换刀具库与加工头之间的具有双面轴承的齿轮切削刀具的方法,该方法通过保持所述齿轮切削刀具沿着垂直的Z轴的垂直对准来实现，所述方法包括所述以下步骤：
a.通过保持所述刀具的垂直对准，更换所述刀具更换器与所述刀具库或所述加工头这两种设备中的一个之间的所述齿轮切削刀具，
b.通过保持所述齿轮切削刀具的垂直对准，移动所述刀具更换器和所述加工头与所述刀具库之间的所述齿轮切削刀具，或反之亦然。
c.通过保持所述刀具的垂直对准，更换所述刀具更换器与所述刀具库或所述加工头这两种设备中的另一个之间的所述齿轮切削刀具。
2.根据权利1所述的方法，其特征在于，更换所述加工头与所述刀具更换器之间的所述齿轮切削刀具，包括移动刀具主轴承和/或刀具副轴承和/或刀具夹紧件。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，更换所述刀具库和所述刀具更换器之间的所述齿轮切削刀具，包括在所述刀具库中向下和向上移动所述齿轮切削刀具的夹持单元。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在进行齿轮切削机器与刀具更换器之间的所述刀具更换的步骤和进行刀具更换器与刀具库之间的所述刀具更换的步骤之间，在清洁位置处执行所述齿轮切削刀具的清洁操作。
5.一种形成为用于实施根据权利要求1至4所述的方法的刀具更换器，其包括夹持件和托架单元，所述托架单元具有上部托架、中间托架和下部托架，其中所述夹持件设置在所述上部托架处，其中所述上部托架能够由所述中间托架移动，并且其中所述上部托架和中间托架能够通过所述下部托架沿着导轨移动，或可替换地，所述中间托架被省略掉，所述下部托架则附加地执行所述中间托架的功能。
CN201310481602.9A 2012-10-15 2013-10-15 用于在齿轮切削机器中更换具有双面轴承的齿轮切削刀具的方法及用于该方法的设备 Pending CN103722427A (zh)

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