CN101743858A

CN101743858A - Nodule bacteria transferring method by utilizing distant grafting

Info

Publication number: CN101743858A
Application number: CN201010046310A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王成玉; 马贵龄
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2010-01-12
Filing date: 2010-01-12
Publication date: 2010-06-23

Abstract

The invention relates to a nodule bacteria transferring method by utilizing distant grafting, comprising: 1) hybrid sunflowers and corns which have high plasticity are chosen as stock; 2) varieties with high nitrogen fixation activity and stable hereditary are chosen from leguminous plants; 3) cleft grafting is adopted, when 1-6 pieces of leaves of the stock grow and 1-6 pieces of leaves of the scion grow, grafting is carried out; 4) after the grafting survival is realized, the growth amount of the stock and the scion is rationally controlled; the plants with nodule bacteria and the plants without nodule bacteria are grafted by utilizing the distant grafting, so as to lead the nodule bacteria to be transferred to the plants without nodule bacteria and cause the plant without nodule bacteria to have nodule bacteria naturally.

Description

Utilize distant grafting to carry out the method that rhizobium shift

Technical field:

The present invention relates to a kind of grafting method in the crops field, particularly a kind of distant grafting that utilizes carries out the method that rhizobium shift.

Background technology:

Over nearly 150 years, the biologist is paying attention to the scientific research in biological nitrogen fixation field always.Since the particularly nearly century, used artificial chemical nitrogen fertilizer to produce serious negative effect, caused the great attention of countries in the world owing to a large amount of in agricultural production.Therefore, many countries all classify the biological nitrogen fixation science as the forward position emphasis research topic, people expect each plant species, especially grain, fruits and vegetables etc. and the closely-related agriculture and forestry plant of human lives, also can be as grow root nodule and can high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing make fertilizer of leguminous plant, satisfy self needs to nitrogen, to substitute the use of chemical fertilizer, this is to transforming ecotope, eliminate the pollution of air and water quality, improve food quality, the effect of aspects such as energy savings all is conspicuous, and the raw material of biological nitrogen fixation is from atmosphere, and it is inexhaustible.Yet, up to now,, obtained some achievements though the agricultural experts of China and countries in the world have carried out various experiments, still can't make the growth root nodule of cereal crops as plants such as soybean, clover energy nature, fixed nitrogen is made fertile in self utilization.

Summary of the invention:

Purpose of the present invention is utilized distant grafting exactly, plant of growth rhizobium and the plant of no rhizobium are carried out grafting, thereby rhizobium are shifted to the plant of no rhizobium, make the plant self-sow of no rhizobium go out root nodule, provide a kind of distant grafting that utilizes to carry out the method that rhizobium shift.

Purpose of the present invention realizes according to following technical proposals:

Utilize distant grafting to carry out the method that rhizobium shift, may further comprise the steps:

1) select for use big hybrid sunflower of plasticity or corn as stock;

2) select for use the kind of nitrogenase activity height, genetic stability in the leguminous plant as scion;

3) cleft grafting is adopted in grafting, when stock grows 1-6 sheet leaf, and grafting when scion also grows 1-6 sheet leaf;

4) behind the grafting survival, reasonably control the amount of growth of stock and scion; Described cleft grafting is meant: grow the middle part of 2-6 sheet leaf at stock, cut the otch of 1.2-2.0cm vertically downward with single-edge blade, the wedge shape of 1.2-2.0cm is cut in the scion lower end, its length and stock incision length match, then fixedly bondage.

The present invention has broken the bottleneck that traditional biological fixed nitrogen theory is difficult to be converted into application achievements, look for another way, utilize distant grafting, plant of growth rhizobium and the plant of no rhizobium are carried out grafting, thereby rhizobium are shifted to the plant of no rhizobium, make the plant self-sow of no rhizobium go out root nodule, thisly transfer to root nodule on sunflower and the maize root system by grafting from leguminous plant, each all is a small nitrogenous fertilizer plant, it can directly absorb airborne nitrogen, molecular nitrogen reduction ammonification, and then changes into amino acid, as plant food, biological nitrogen fixation that Here it is.After this root nodule comes off, will leave over a large amount of organic nitrogenize things in soil, it is very beneficial for the growth of crops and the improvement of soil.

This branch mode is compared with the artificial gene engineering has many-sided advantage: research method is easy, and is economical and practical, and the test period is short, not expensive and complicated instrument and equipment, and process of the test is directly perceived, manageable and regulation and control etc.The achievement that we have obtained is the root nodule of having grown on the root system of sunflower and corn, also provides approach for the transfer of rhizobium on other crops simultaneously.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is that sunflower of the present invention is a stock, and soybean is a scion plant photo in kind;

Fig. 2 is that sunflower root is fastened the root nodule that grows photo in kind after the grafting of the present invention.

Embodiment:

Concrete performance of the present invention is as follows:

1, the selection of stock and scion:

Stock will be selected plasticity big hybrid sunflower or corn for use.

Scion will be selected nitrogenase activity height in the leguminous plant, the soybean varieties of genetic stability for use.

2, grafting method:

Grafting must be the most active in the seedling cell division, and metabolism exchanges the most vigorous period carries out with nutriment and hereditary information, and at this moment, its interface also is easy to generate callus, and both become one with fringe, anvil.

Grafting will be carried out when stock grows 1-6 sheet leaf, and this moment, the immunity of stock was the most weak, and scion can apply maximum influence power to stock; Scion also will be carried out when growing the 1-6 sheet.Cleft grafting is adopted in grafting, grow the middle part of 2-6 sheet leaf at stock, use single-edge blade, cut the otch of 1.2-2CM vertically downward, scion lower end wedging, length also will match with the stock incision length for the concrete length of 1.2-2.0CM again, and incision length is unsuitable too short, to strengthen the area that contacts with each other as far as possible, it is supported rapidly; The diameter of anvil, fringe junction is identical; The wedge-shaped part of scion is inserted the stock otch, guarantee the epidermis alignment of anvil, fringe, so that the exchanging of nutriment and hereditary information; With the plastic strip wrapping,, progressively loosen then later on healing state; The every strain of the time of grafting process must not surpass 2 minutes, otherwise survival rate will reduce greatly.

3, grafting final-period management:

Will note humidity, temperature and illumination condition routinely, the callus that cambium grows is easy to the dehydration exsiccation and makes scion withered dead; Therefore the necessary bondage in joint portion is tight, to keep the moisture of tissue; Often be accompanied by breathing in the division rapidly at the callus cell, it is sufficient that oxygen is wanted.Therefore the double effects that utilizes plastic tape wrapping joint portion to have water conservation and promote to breathe.Behind the grafting survival, rationally control the amount of growth of stock and scion, stock growth is too fast, then scion meeting nutrition supply and death for want of.

On the root system of the plant stock sunflower of grafting survival or corn, grown root nodule.Along with the increase of grafting algebraically, the quantity of its root nodule is more and more, and volume is also increasing, connects the knurl scope and is also enlarging.Be increased to more than 200 root nodule of the second generation on the root system of every strain by tens root nodules of the first generation, the dross position is also moved on progressively.Tangible variation has also taken place in the amphiphilic offspring of this combination on form, its size, form, color, growing way, vegetative period etc., all great changes have taken place, and the seed variation of results is bigger.

Claims

1. utilize distant grafting to carry out the method that rhizobium shift, may further comprise the steps:

1) select for use big hybrid sunflower of plasticity or corn as stock;

4) behind the grafting survival, reasonably control the amount of growth of stock and scion.

2. the distant grafting that utilizes according to claim 1 carries out the method that rhizobium shift, it is characterized in that described cleft grafting is meant: the middle part that grows 2-6 sheet leaf at stock, cut the otch of 1.2-2.0cm vertically downward with single-edge blade, the scion lower end is cut into the wedge shape of 1.2-2.0cm, its length and stock incision length match, then fixedly bondage.