CN101736863A - 具有互锁式水分流翼片的瓦板 - Google Patents
具有互锁式水分流翼片的瓦板 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
公开了一种瓦板,其包括本体,所述本体包含顶侧表面、底侧表面、上侧端部、下侧端部、第一侧部以及第二侧部。所述本体具有限定为第一侧部与第二侧部之间的距离的宽度以及限定为上侧端部与下侧端部之间的距离的长度。在优选实施例中,瓦板还包括连接至第一侧部的水分流翼片,以便在下侧相邻瓦板的顶侧表面上疏通水;以及邻近第二侧部的凹部,以便以互锁的方式接收横向相邻的瓦板的水分流翼片。连接至第二侧部的锚固翼片固定相邻的、互锁的瓦板的下侧端部。
Description
本申请是2005年3月11日提交的申请号为“2005 80007779.9”(PCT/US2005/008357)的发明专利申请“具有互锁式水分流翼片的瓦板”的分案申请。
相关申请
本申请要求2004年3月11日提交的、名称为具有互锁式水分流翼片的瓦板的美国临时专利申请No.60/552418的优先权,其全文结合在此引作参考。
技术领域
本发明大体涉及改进的建筑材料,并且更具体地讲涉及需要抵抗大风的、应用于屋顶的瓦板。
背景技术
美国绝大多数的屋顶瓦板是相当便宜的,并且是由涂有沥青的建筑材料的薄片材制成,其中所述薄片材以重叠成排的方式被使用,以保护房屋内部不受恶劣天气影响。与之相反,比较昂贵的、“专业”瓦板长久以来是由多种较厚的、天然成分包括天然石板、泥土、木材以及混凝土构成。近来,聚合物技术的进步已经使得出现了一种新类型的“合成”瓦板,从而经常以较低的安装成本,通过注射模制的合成瓦板模仿看起来更加昂贵的天然材料。
现有技术的合成瓦板通常为矩形,并且包括大致平坦的顶侧和底侧表面。这些类型的瓦板通常通过以下方式被安装,即将瓦板的第一水平排或“层(course)”沿屋顶的底部以直线方式平行于屋顶轮廓线或“屋檐”固定。各瓦板被单独固定,一次一个瓦板,在相邻的瓦板之间通常具有小间隙或“键槽”。另外,在现有技术的瓦板中,每个邻接层的瓦板与前一层的瓦板重叠至少50%,从而任何类型的降水将从一层瓦板向下一层瓦板泻落下屋顶,从而水从结构的顶脊处的瓦板向下一层接一层地被输送横贯瓦板的表面,直至水安全地从屋顶流至檐槽或者流出房屋或建筑物。较低层的瓦板与紧邻的较高层的瓦板重叠至少50%的重要性是确保流下屋顶结构的水不滴流透过瓦板之间的键槽,否则这将产生水向下泄漏到任何下方的屋顶结构(屋面衬垫材料或屋顶板)上的危险,这样的话最终保护了任何具有屋顶的结构中的有价值的物品和居民。
尽管广泛接受,但是现有技术的瓦板以及安装方法具有多种缺陷。每个瓦板的大部分专用于提供保护下方的屋顶材料免于水排入键槽中所必需的水平重叠。这将由每个现有技术的瓦板所提供的实际暴露区域的比重限制为其总尺寸的大约50%,因而成功地将水从屋顶排出实际所需的屋顶材料增加到两倍。另外,很难横跨整个屋顶表面保持瓦板的水平排的一致对正。单个瓦板以并不准确平行于屋檐方式的不正确、不匀整的倾斜可产生随后相邻的瓦板的扩大的错误对正,其中所述随后相邻的瓦板是参照所述单个不正确安放的、不匀整的瓦板被安置。因此,需要一种改进的瓦板,其克服现有技术中的这些和其它缺陷。
发明内容
在优选的实施例中,本发明包括被构造为连接至屋顶的瓦板。所述瓦板优选包括本体,其包含第一侧壁以及第二侧壁;连接至所述第一侧壁的水分流翼片以及连接至所述第二侧壁的锚固翼片。本发明还包括根据优选实施例构造的瓦板的安装方法。该方法包括以下步骤:通过将至少一个紧固件穿过第一瓦板的上侧端部以及将至少一个紧固件穿过从第一瓦板的第一侧部延伸的锚固翼片,将第一瓦板固定在下方表面上;通过将连接至第二瓦板的第二侧部的水分流翼片插入第一瓦板的第一侧部中的水分流翼片开口,使第二瓦板与第一瓦板互锁;并且通过将至少一个紧固件穿过第二瓦板的上侧端部以及将至少一个紧固件穿过从第二瓦板的第一侧部延伸的锚固翼片,将第二瓦板固定在下方表面上。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明优选实施例构造的瓦板的俯视图;
图2是根据本发明优选实施例构造的瓦板的顶部的透视图;
图3是图1的瓦板的底部的透视图;
图4是图3的瓦板的下侧端部的前视图;
图5是在安装时两个瓦板的下侧端部的前视图;
图6是在安装时两个瓦板的下侧端部的前视图,其被局部剖切以示出互锁的水分流翼片以及锚固翼片;
图7是在安装时两个瓦板的下侧端部的局部剖切俯视图,其被局部剖切以示出互锁的水分流翼片以及锚固翼片;
图8是根据本发明构造的两个竖直重叠的瓦板的第二侧部的前视图;
图9是图8的瓦板的第一侧部的前视图;
图10是图8的瓦板中的一个的第一侧部的剖视图,其中去除了水分流翼片;
图11是多个根据本发明优选实施例构造的瓦板的优选安装结构的俯视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明优选实施例构造的瓦板(shingle)100。瓦板100包括本体101、锚固翼片114、以及水分流翼片116。本体101包括顶侧表面102、底侧表面103(如图3所示)、下侧(“根”)端部104、上侧(“顶”)端部106、第一侧部108以及第二侧部110。瓦板100优选包括一个或多个邻近所述顶端部106的紧固件接收区域112。紧固件接收区域112可被用于借助于使用诸如钉子或螺钉的常用紧固件将瓦板100的上侧端部106固定在下方的屋顶材料和屋顶板上。在特别优选实施例中,瓦板100还包括邻近第一侧部108并从其向下延伸的第一侧壁109,以及邻近第二侧部110并从其向下延伸的第二侧壁111。瓦板100还包括分别从下侧端部104和上侧端部106向下延伸的下侧端壁113和上侧端壁115。
在本优选实施例中,瓦板100是由合成材料构成。在特别优选实施例中,瓦板100是由一种或多种塑料构成,所述塑料具有适当的柔性以及弹性以使得在安装瓦板100的过程中使用标准屋顶钉(roof nail)或标准屋顶螺钉(roof screw)。选用于瓦板100的结构的材料还应该允许在顶侧表面102上产生选择的纹理。例如,瓦板100可包括类似于石板、泥土瓦片、木纹、瓦片或混凝土瓦片板的纹理。聚乙烯基塑料目前是优选用作为结构的材料。尽管目前合成材料是优选的,但是应该理解的是,例如还可使用可选可变形的材料,例如其它聚合物、金属、泥土、混凝土以及陶瓷。
现在还参看图2至4,其中分别示出了瓦板100的顶侧透视图、底侧透视图以及下侧端部前视图。瓦板100优选包括连接至第二侧部110的锚固翼片104,以及连接至第一侧部108的水分流翼片116。锚固翼片114优选被构造成接收适合的锚固件,例如钉子或螺钉,并且与紧固件接收区域112一起将瓦板100固定在下方屋顶材料上。锚固翼片114形成内插式“防风夹片(hurricane clip)”,并且大体提高了瓦板100对于大风的抵抗。水分流翼片116优选包括基底118以及“唇部”120,其从所述基底118向上延伸。水分流翼片116形成在唇部120与第一侧壁109之间捕获水的“沟槽”。
在优选实施例中,水分流翼片116的唇部120以及第二侧壁111被构造成在横向相邻的瓦板100a与100b之间形成互锁关系。水分流翼片116优选由横向相邻的瓦板的第二侧壁111中的水分流翼片开口117接收。水分流翼片116的唇部112优选被捕获在横向相邻的瓦板的水分流翼片凹部119中。凹部119优选由第二侧部111以及翼片止挡件121限定。翼片止挡件121连接至底侧表面103,并且优选延伸为水分流翼片开口117的长度。锚固翼片114优选是由横向相邻的瓦板100的第一侧壁109中的锚固翼片开口122接收。
转至图5至7,其中示出了通过横向相邻的瓦板100的水分流翼片116和锚固翼片114的接合所产生的互锁关系。在安装过程中,通过将各紧固件133放入紧固件接收区域122b中并且穿过锚固翼片114b,固定的瓦板100b被稳固在下方表面200上。自由的瓦板110a的唇部120a然后被插入穿过固定的瓦板100b的水分流翼片开口117b。自由的瓦板100a然后被转动至与下方表面200接触的位置。随着自由的瓦板100a转动,唇部120a被捕获在固定的瓦板100b的第二侧壁111b与翼片止挡件121b之间的水分流翼片凹部119中。与此同时,锚固翼片114b和紧固件133被接收在自由的瓦板100a的第一侧壁109a中的锚固翼片开口122中。然后通过将紧固件135安放穿过紧固件接收区域112a以及锚固翼片114a,自由的瓦板100a可被锁定就位。因而,被紧固的锚固翼片114b起作用,以将相邻的瓦板100a、100b的下侧端部104a、104b这两者固定在一起。
以这种方式,利用水分流翼片116以及锚固翼片114,横向相邻的瓦板100a以及100b可被“互锁”,从而自由的瓦板100a的所有四个边角部被固定在下方表面200上。另外,如图7所示,互锁的水分流翼片116a和锚固翼片114b在相邻的瓦板100a与100b之间协作形成大致连续的沟槽。横向相邻的瓦板100a与100b之间的互锁关系提供了对于降水和大风这两者的提高的抵抗。
这种互锁结构还取消了现有技术中对于水平重叠相邻的瓦板的主要部分的需要。相邻的瓦板100可不通过显著水平重叠的方式被安装,以最大化由每个瓦板所提供的暴露区域的量以及由每个瓦板所需的总表面面积的比重。最大化由每个瓦板所提供的暴露区域的量减少了覆盖屋顶的特定表面面积所需的瓦板的数量。最大化瓦板的总暴露表面面积的比重减少了覆盖屋顶的特定表面面积所需的原材料的量。在组合时,每个瓦板的较大暴露以及较大暴露比重使得更加高效的使用原材料,以实现屋顶瓦板的排水目的。
再次参看图3,瓦板100还优选包括多个支承条124。支承条124优选从底侧表面103向下延伸,并且延伸为瓦板100的一部分长度。支承条124提高了瓦板100对于来自于碎片或冰雹以及来自于持续重量的压力冲击的抵抗,其中所述持续重量例如是站立在瓦板100上的监工的重量。尽管在图3中示出了三个支承条124,但是应该理解的是,还可以使用更少或更多数量的支承条124,并且这些支承条的结构并不需都垂直于瓦板100的下侧端部104。
每个瓦板100还优选包括邻近水分流翼片凹部119位于下侧端壁113中的小排放口121。排放口121防止由水分流翼片116以及锚固翼片114所捕获的水在瓦板100下汇聚。瓦板100还可包括横杆126,其横跨瓦板100水平延伸。横杆126为瓦板100提供刚性,并且如果下侧端部104被上升气流(updraft)或真空提升,则保护屋顶免于水渗透。如果上升气流或真空提升下侧端部104,则横杆126的底部保持紧邻下方结构。
在特别优选实施例中,瓦板100具有台阶式剖面。图10提供了瓦板100的第一侧壁109的前视图,其中为了清晰,去除了水分流翼片116。第一侧壁109优选包括楔形上侧部分128、大致竖直的台阶130以及较薄的下侧部分132。侧壁109的台阶式剖面被构造成,楔形上侧部分128将瓦板100支承在下方表面上。如图8和9所示,台阶130被构造成坐靠在相邻的下侧瓦板100的上侧端部106上。以这种方式,通过简单地将瓦板100坐落在下侧瓦板的顶部上,可用非常小的误差裕度参照所述下侧瓦板容易地安装瓦板100。由台阶式侧壁109所提供的自动对正显著有助于在随后的层中安装重叠的场地瓦板。在特别优选实施例中,侧壁109、111与支承条124相对于顶侧表面102斜角设置以调整瓦板100离开下方表面的仰角。特别地,支承条124与侧壁109、111的楔形上侧部分一致地被斜角设置。台阶式剖面还有助于水分流翼片106插入相邻的瓦板中。
除了有助于以及改进安装操作以外,瓦板100的台阶式剖面还消除了楔形凹部或“间隙”的出现,其中所述楔形凹部或“间隙”是由于传统的矩形瓦板的重叠安装。在优选实施例中,楔形上侧部分128被构造成大致占据将由于标准平坦的矩形瓦板而出现的空间或“间隙”。以这种方式,楔形上侧部分128高效密封瓦板100的下侧。与此同时,侧壁109、111被构造成适于与传统的“顶头(starter)”瓦板134一起使用,其中所述传统的“顶头”瓦板134消除了由平行于屋顶表面200的屋檐的第一水平排瓦板100上的台阶式侧壁109、111所产生的、位于瓦板100的下侧与屋顶表面200之间的空间。
图11示出了多个瓦板100的当前优选布置。应该理解的是,根据本发明构造的瓦板具有大量的安装方法以及结构。然而,在本优选实施中,通过首先利用适合的紧固件以及锚固翼片114将第一瓦板100a的底侧部分固定在下方材料上而安装瓦板100。第一瓦板的左上侧边角部然后可通过以下方式被固定,即驱动适合的紧固件穿过一个或者多个、优选两个紧固件接收区域112。然后通过将水分流翼片116b滑动在第一瓦板100a的第二侧壁111a之下,第二瓦板100b邻近第一瓦板100a被安置。然后,第二瓦板100b邻近第一瓦板100a被“互锁”就位。通过将合适的紧固件驱动穿过一个或多个紧固件接收区域112而紧固第一瓦板100a的上侧端部106a,完成第一瓦板100a的安装。通过该安装方法,第二瓦板100b上的水分流翼片116b被捕获在第一瓦板100a的水分流翼片凹部119中。这种互锁相邻的瓦板的过程可在相同层中重复用于随后的瓦板100。随后层的瓦板100优选利用竖直台阶134参照第一层被定位。
清楚的是,本发明非常适于完成其目的,并且获得上述以及内在的结果和优点。尽管本发明的优选实施例已经出于公开的目的不同形式详细地被说明,但是应该理解的是,可以实现多种改变,这将是本领域技术人员容易想到的并且符合在此所公开的本发明的精神以及权利要求书的范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种构造为连接至屋顶的瓦板,所述瓦板包括:
本体,其包含第一侧部和第二侧部;
所述第一侧部包括水分流翼片以及锚固翼片开口;并且
所述第二侧部包括锚固翼片以及水分流翼片开口。
2.根据权利要求1所述的瓦板,其特征在于,所述水分流翼片包括基底以及唇部。
3.根据权利要求1所述的瓦板,其特征在于,还包括多个支承条,它们从所述本体向下延伸。
4.根据权利要求3所述的瓦板,其特征在于,所述瓦板还包括横杆,其从所述本体向下延伸并且连接所述多个支承条。
5.根据权利要求3所述的瓦板,其特征在于,所述瓦板还包括第一侧壁,并且所述多个支承条和所述第一侧壁包括楔形部分。
6.根据权利要求1所述的瓦板,其特征在于,还包括从所述第一侧部向下延伸的第一侧壁;以及从所述第二侧部向下延伸的第二侧壁。
7.一种安装瓦板的方法,其包括以下步骤:
将第一瓦板固定至下方表面,其中所述第一瓦板包括上侧端部以及第一侧部,所述第一侧部包括锚固翼片以及水分流翼片开口,所述固定是通过将至少一个紧固件穿过第一瓦板的上侧端部并将至少一个紧固件穿过所述第一瓦板的锚固翼片而完成的;
将第二瓦板与所述第一瓦板互锁,其中所述第二瓦板包括上侧端部、包含锚固翼片的第一侧部、以及包含水分流翼片的第二侧部,所述互锁是通过将所述第二瓦板的水分流翼片插入所述第一瓦板的水分流翼片开口而完成的;并且
通过将至少一个紧固件穿过所述第二瓦板的上侧端部并将至少一个紧固件穿过所述第二瓦板的锚固翼片,以将所述第二瓦板固定在所述下方表面上。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述瓦板的第二侧部还包括锚固翼片开口,并且所述互锁步骤还包括将所述第一瓦板的锚固翼片嵌套在所述第二瓦板的锚固翼片开口中。
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-
2005
- 2005-03-11 CA CA2820232A patent/CA2820232C/en active Active
- 2005-03-11 CA CA2559899A patent/CA2559899C/en active Active
- 2005-03-11 US US11/077,845 patent/US7331150B2/en active Active
- 2005-03-11 CN CN200580007779A patent/CN100585109C/zh active Active
- 2005-03-11 CN CN200910253607A patent/CN101736863A/zh active Pending
- 2005-03-11 WO PCT/US2005/008357 patent/WO2005086977A2/en active Application Filing
- 2005-03-11 JP JP2007503092A patent/JP2007528462A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-03-11 ES ES05725492.2T patent/ES2641567T3/es active Active
- 2005-03-11 EP EP05725492.2A patent/EP1786992B8/en active Active
-
2007
- 2007-12-20 US US12/004,223 patent/US7845141B2/en active Active
-
2008
- 2008-08-07 HK HK08108710.4A patent/HK1117579A1/xx unknown
-
2010
- 2010-11-02 US US12/917,670 patent/US8590270B2/en active Active
-
2012
- 2012-10-12 JP JP2012227494A patent/JP5576452B2/ja active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1786992A4 (en) | 2010-11-10 |
EP1786992B8 (en) | 2017-10-11 |
CA2559899A1 (en) | 2005-09-22 |
CN100585109C (zh) | 2010-01-27 |
US20050210807A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
EP1786992A2 (en) | 2007-05-23 |
CA2559899C (en) | 2013-09-03 |
US7331150B2 (en) | 2008-02-19 |
WO2005086977A2 (en) | 2005-09-22 |
US8590270B2 (en) | 2013-11-26 |
CA2820232A1 (en) | 2005-09-22 |
WO2005086977A3 (en) | 2007-04-05 |
US7845141B2 (en) | 2010-12-07 |
ES2641567T3 (es) | 2017-11-10 |
CN101146971A (zh) | 2008-03-19 |
JP5576452B2 (ja) | 2014-08-20 |
HK1117579A1 (en) | 2009-01-16 |
EP1786992B1 (en) | 2017-08-30 |
US20110041445A1 (en) | 2011-02-24 |
CA2820232C (en) | 2015-02-17 |
JP2013032699A (ja) | 2013-02-14 |
JP2007528462A (ja) | 2007-10-11 |
US20080098684A1 (en) | 2008-05-01 |
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