CN101724404B - Heavy metal contaminated soil conditioner and plant and chemistry combined remediation method - Google Patents
Heavy metal contaminated soil conditioner and plant and chemistry combined remediation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heavy metal contaminated soil conditioner and a plant and chemistry combined remediation method. The heavy metal contaminated soil conditioner is a mixture of red mud and slaked lime. In the invention, the plant and chemistry combined remediation method is used, the pH of the soil is regulated by a chemical method, and heavy metals in the soil are absorbed by planting energy crops, hyperaccumulative plants and the like, thereby improving the soil properties, gradually reducing the content of heavy metals in the soil, finally achieving the purpose of soil remediation, improving the plant remediation efficiency, and being favorable to large-scale commercial application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to resource environment recovery technique field, be specifically related to a kind of heavy metal contaminated soil conditioner and heavy-metal contaminated soil plant and chemistry combined remediation method.
Background technology
Mineral Resources in China is abundant, and the soil pollution that the mining industry exploitation is caused has a large capacity and a wide range, and destruction and pollution that natural ecological environment is caused are on the rise, and is that China's contaminated soil is administered very important problem.Particularly contaminated soil in mining areas has certain difference with general contaminated soil in the aspects such as target and direction of generation mechanism, pollutants transfer rule, improvement again; Therefore; The ecological recovery in mine is increasingly important, and the research of the recovery technique of mining area heavy-metal contaminated soil just has its necessity, singularity and urgency.The key of mine abandoned land ecological recovery and reconstruction is screening and the base material improvement of pioneer plant.
Adopt additive that the soil that receives heavy metal contamination is carried out chemical modifying and should possess following condition technically: the one, advantages of higher stability, additive self is difficult in time decomposing with the change of environment; The 2nd, stronger associativity promptly has higher adsorption binding energy power through mechanism of action such as obligate absorption, deposition or co-precipitation to heavy metal ion, thereby makes heavy metal ion passivation or inactivation; The 3rd, environment friendly can not destroy the structure and the character of soil, can not form new murder by poisoning to plant; The 4th, operability, additive should be with low cost, can large scale application in practice is produced; The 5th, low selectivity, but the ideal additive a certain heavy metal ion of passivation not only, but but also the soil of remediating heavy metal combined pollution.
Yet for now, the additive that meets above-mentioned requirements seldom and in southern acid soil area, can be adapted at receiving the additive in acid mine and the mineral water Contaminated soil few especially.This heavy metal species contaminated soil not only has very strong acidity, and its heavy metal content is severe overweight often also.The key that this kind soil is repaired in improvement is kind, crop, soil type and the environmental factor that combines heavy metal ion, filters out a kind of economy, effective, stable and environment amenable new soil additive.In addition, in also should integrated applications such as additive reparation and phytoremediation and agronomy regulation measure being repaired to heavy metal-polluted soil, learn from other's strong points to offset one's weaknesses, thereby better realize the reparation of heavy-metal contaminated soil.
Compare with other physics, chemistry and engineering method restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, phytoremediation has low, the advantages of environment protection of cost, generally can not cause secondary pollution.But existing plant soil restoration technology also exists weak point, mainly shows:
(1) at present major part to be used for the hyperaccumulative plant plant of soil remediation short and small; Living weight is low; Disease-resistant low with the ability of withstanding natural calamities, poor growth and cycle are long, thereby remediation efficiency and speed are lower; Therefore the phytoremediation economic benefit that under the prior art level, is difficult to obtain has limited the popularization of large-scale commercial applications utilization and big area.
(2) in the tired experimental plant of ultraproduct; One or both heavy metal elements in the finite concentration scope can only restrained oneself or absorb to a general kind of plant; The heavy metal higher to other concentration in the soil then shows some toxicity symptom, thus largely limit the application of phytoremediation technology in the heavy-metal composite pollution soil remediation.
(3) plant is the organism of living; Need suitable growth conditions; Natural condition such as soil fertility, weather, moisture, salinity, total alkalinity, draining and irrigation system there is certain requirement, receives acid mine and mineral water Contaminated soil obviously can not satisfy the demand of plant-growth.
(4) root system of plant is generally more shallow, and is the most effective to the reparation that thin solum pollutes, relatively poor to the repair ability that deep soil pollutes and deep phreatic water pollutes, even to not obviously effect of contaminated soil.
In sum; When the reparation of the acid soil that carries out heavy metal contamination, be necessary to develop a kind of new environmental improvement technology, can overcome the deficiency of plant, chemistry reparation; Consider economic and social benefit simultaneously, can large-scale commercial applications application and big area popularization.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of prior art; Provide a kind of new heavy-metal contaminated soil improvement to use additive; Have advantages of higher stability, stronger associativity, good environment friendly, with low cost; But a certain heavy metal ion of passivation not only, but but also the soil of remediating heavy metal combined pollution.
A further object of the invention provides a kind of to the plant and the chemistry combined remediation method that receive heavy-metal contaminated soil.
The object of the invention is achieved through following technical scheme:
A kind of heavy metal contaminated soil conditioner (BHB) is provided, comprises following components in weight percentage content:
Red mud: 90～80%;
White lime: 10～20%.
The present invention provides a kind of heavy-metal contaminated soil plant and chemistry combined remediation method simultaneously, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: add heavy metal contaminated soil conditioner (BHB) in the oxytropism mine soil, balance is improved the soil;
Step 3: the plantation energy-source plant is in improving the soil.
The described additive of step 1 is an acid mine soil additive of the present invention, and addition is 60～80kg/ mu.Preferred 7～14 days of said starting time.
The said energy-source plant of step 2 is sugarcane, cassava, sweet sorghum or soybean.The sugarcane of preferred Guangdong sugar 94-128 kind.
Planting density is preferably: sugarcane, 6000～6500 strain/mus, every meter long 6 two bud seedlings of sowing of row, about 1 meter of line-spacing; Cassava, 800～900 strain/mus, 0.8 * 0.8 meter of seeding row spacing; Sweet sorghum, 5000～6000 strain/mus, 0.2 * 0.7 meter of seeding row spacing.
The energy sugarcane of results can carry out the alcohol fuel fermentation, produces biofuel.
Step 2 also can be taked energy-source plant and hyperaccumulative plant intercropping, interplanting; Said hyperaccumulative plant comprises Sedum alfredii Hance.The method of intercropping and interplanting is: sugarcane and Sedum alfredii Hance, cassava and Sedum alfredii Hance.
The present invention receives to use on the heavy metal contamination agricultural land soil the acid mine soil additive of BHB in southern acidity; Result of study shows; Additive according to the invention effectively sweetening of the soil is acid; Soil pH value is adjusted to 6～6.5 from initial 4.00～5.00, and it is active to reduce heavy metal-polluted soil, can also improve crop yield greatly simultaneously.
Through filtering out heavy metal high adsorption capacity, big, the high fermentable energy crop new variety of living weight; On the heavy metal contamination agricultural land soil after the additive improvement, planting energy crop: through crop s structure adjustment; The development biomass energy; Reaching is repairing heavy metal in soil, has the dp of good economic benefit again.The preferred energy crop kind of the present invention comprises sugarcane and cassava, and their still not good energy crop kinds have also shown good heavy metal adsorptive power simultaneously.
As more preferred scheme, the present invention adopts intercropping, the interplanting of energy crop and hyperaccumulative plant: utilize intercropping, the interplanting of hyperaccumulative plant and energy crop, reach the purpose that quick absorption soil is prone to be adsorbed heavy metal, make the edatope reparation more effective.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) the invention provides a kind of new heavy metal contaminated soil conditioner (BHB); Have advantages of higher stability, stronger associativity, good environment friendly, with low cost, but not only passivation contents of many kinds of heavy metal ion, but but also the soil of remediating heavy metal combined pollution; Realized waste recycling; Improved effect is obvious, and can not produce secondary pollution, is easy to big area and promotes;
(2) the present invention combines the plantation of energy crop with the improvement reparation of heavy-metal contaminated soil: effectively prevent to pollute direct entering food chain, alleviate the current energy scarcity of China simultaneously, realize the perfect adaptation of plant-chemical repair method;
(3) the present invention multiple restorative procedure is provided simultaneously and use: the intercropping of energy crop and hyperaccumulative plant, interplanting, improved the efficient of phytoremediation, help the large-scale commercial applications application.
Embodiment
Come further explain the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The reparation of China's south acid heavy metal contaminated soil: with mine, big Baoshan District, North Guangdong and mineral water heavy metal contamination area soil is pilot, the reparation improvement of slight heavy metal contamination district soil:
1. measure soil pH 3.86, titratable acidity 1.0911mmolkg
-1, water-soluble (water is carried) heavy metal copper content 1.2345mgkg
-1, lead content 0.3865mgkg
-1, cadmium content 0.0173mgkg
-1, confirm that soil acidity and heavy metal are active;
2. the amount with 75kg/ mu adds acid soil improving agent in the above-mentioned soil; The mode of taking can be conventional broadcasting sowing; The be weight percentage mixture of white lime of 80% red mud and 20% of said acid soil improving agent is regulated soil pH value, balance 14 days;
3. plant Guangdong sugar 94-128 sugar cane breed in the soil after balance, planting density is: 6000～6500 strain/mus, every meter long 6 two bud seedlings of sowing of row, about 1 meter of line-spacing;
4. results energy sugarcane carries out the alcohol fuel fermentation, produces biofuel;
5. after the results, measuring soil pH is 6.06, titratable acidity 0.3548mmolkg
-1, water-soluble heavy metal content copper is 0.2525mgkg
-1Lead is 0.0645mgkg
-1Cadmium is 0.0043mgkg
-1
Embodiment 2
The reparation of severe heavy metal contamination district, south acid heavy metal contaminated soil:
1. measure soil pH 4.03, titratable acidity 1.1138mmolkg
-1, water-soluble (water is carried) heavy metal copper content 4.5137mgkg
-1, lead content 0.2712mgkg
-1, cadmium content 0.0558mgkg
-1, confirm that soil acidity and heavy metal are active;
2. the amount with 80kg/ mu adds acid soil improving agent in the above-mentioned soil; The mode of taking can be conventional broadcasting sowing; The be weight percentage mixture of white lime of 85% red mud and 15% of said acid soil improving agent is regulated soil pH value, balance 10 days;
3. carry out the crop rotation of energy sugarcane and super tired plant Sedum alfredii Hance in the soil after balance;
4. after the results, soil pH is 6.25, titratable acidity 0.3159mmolkg
-1, water-soluble heavy metal content copper is 0.5146mgkg
-1Lead is 0.0416mgkg
-1Cadmium is 0.0731mgkg
-1
Embodiment 3
(slight heavy metal contamination district) repaired in north heavy metal contamination district soil improvement:
1. measure soil pH 4.97, titratable acidity 0.9146mmolkg
-1, water-soluble (water is carried) heavy metal copper content 1.1728mgkg
-1, lead content 0.3251mgkg
-1, cadmium content 0.01547mgkg
-1, confirm that soil acidity and heavy metal are active;
2. the amount with 70kg/ mu adds acid soil improving agent in the above-mentioned soil; The mode of taking can be conventional broadcasting sowing; The be weight percentage mixture of white lime of 90% red mud and 10% of said acid soil improving agent is regulated soil pH value, balance 7 days;
3. carry out the intercropping of soybean, sweet sorghum or soybean-sweet sorghum in the soil after balance, the sweet sorghum planting density is 5000～6000 strain/mus, 0.2 * 0.7 meter of seeding row spacing; The planting density of soybean is 10000～15000 strain/mus.
4. after the results, measuring soil pH is 6.35, titratable acidity 0.2825mmolkg
-1, water-soluble heavy metal content copper is 0.1912mgkg
-1Lead is 0.2871mgkg
-1Cadmium is 0.0064mgkg
-1
Embodiment 4
1. measure soil pH 4.81, titratable acidity 1.2361mmolkg
-1, water-soluble (water is carried) heavy metal copper content 1.1782mgkg
-1, lead content 0.9824mgkg
-1, cadmium content 0.0219mgkg
-1, confirm that soil acidity and heavy metal are active;
2. the amount with 60kg/ mu adds acid soil improving agent in the above-mentioned soil; The mode of taking can be conventional broadcasting sowing; The be weight percentage mixture of white lime of 90% red mud and 10% of said acid soil improving agent is regulated soil pH value, balance 14 days;
3. hyperaccumulative plant Sedum alfredii Hance and cassava intercropping or interplanting in the soil after balance; Cassava, 800～900 strain/mus, 0.8 * 0.8 meter of seeding row spacing; Sedum alfredii Hance, 25000～30000 strain/mus, 0.1 * 0.3 meter of seeding row spacing.
4. after the results, measuring soil pH is 6.14, titratable acidity 0.3127mmolkg
-1, water-soluble heavy metal content copper is 0.2534mgkg
-1Lead is 0.1159mgkg
-1Cadmium is 0.0058mgkg
-1
Other embodiment does not give unnecessary details at this one by one, but does not therefore limit the scope of the invention.By stablizing significant pilot implementation result, heavy metal contaminated soil conditioner of the present invention (BHB) has advantages of higher stability, stronger associativity, good environment friendly, with low cost; But not only passivation contents of many kinds of heavy metal ion, but but also the soil of remediating heavy metal combined pollution is realized the perfect adaptation of plant-chemical repair method; Waste recycling; Improved effect is obvious, and can not produce secondary pollution, is easy to big area and promotes.
Claims (4)
1. heavy-metal contaminated soil plant and chemistry combined remediation method is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: in mine pollution soil, add heavy metal contaminated soil conditioner adjusting soil pH value, balance is improved the soil;
Said heavy metal contaminated soil conditioner is made up of following components in weight percentage content:
Red mud: 90～80%;
White lime: 10～20%;
Step 2: take energy-source plant and hyperaccumulative plant intercropping after the balance or interplant in improving the soil; Said energy-source plant is sugarcane, cassava, sweet sorghum or soybean; Said hyperaccumulative plant is a Sedum alfredii Hance;
The planting density of said energy-source plant is: sugarcane, 6000～6500 strain/mus, every meter long 6 two bud seedlings of sowing of row, about 1 meter of line-spacing; Cassava, 800～900 strain/mus, 0.8 * 0.8 meter of seeding row spacing; Sweet sorghum, 5000～6000 strain/mus, 0.2 * 0.7 meter of seeding row spacing.
2. heavy-metal contaminated soil plant according to claim 1 and chemistry combined remediation method, the addition that it is characterized in that the said heavy metal contaminated soil conditioner of step 1 is 60～80kg/ mu.
3. heavy-metal contaminated soil plant according to claim 1 and chemistry combined remediation method is characterized in that the described starting time of step 1 is 7～14 days.
4. heavy-metal contaminated soil plant according to claim 1 and chemistry combined remediation method is characterized in that the said energy-source plant of step 2 is the sugarcane of Guangdong sugar 94-128 kind.
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