CN107552561B - Remediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil - Google Patents
Remediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil, which comprises the steps of adding an alkaline pH value regulator into the heavy metal contaminated soil and then ploughing; ditching the ploughed soil, spreading ferment bacteria bio-organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, silicon calcium fertilizer, urea and potassium chloride at the bottom of the ditch, filling soil and covering, and then planting sugarcane seedlings; when the sugarcane enters a tillering and jointing stage, additionally applying urea, phosphate fertilizer and potassium sulfate; after the sugarcane in the current year is ripe, harvesting the overground part of the sugarcane in the current year, and leaving the underground part of the sugarcane for sugarcane planting in the second year; ditching and broadcasting an enzyme bacterium bio-organic fertilizer, a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, a silicon calcium fertilizer, urea and potassium chloride on two sides of the underground part of the sugarcane; and after the sugarcane in the second year is ripe, repeating the sugarcane planting scheme in the second year to carry out sugarcane planting in the third year. The remediation method can improve the remediation effect on the heavy metal contaminated soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation, in particular to a remediation method of heavy metal contaminated soil.
Background
In the processes of non-ferrous metal mineral mining and selection, metal smelting and processing in the last century of China, under the influence of multiple factors such as social economy, production technology, environmental consciousness, pollution control technology, practical cognition and the like at the time, random stacking of mining waste residues (stones) in a pit, dispersion of dikes and waste residues along the edge of a canal (irrigation canal) along with the flushing of flood, dispersion of waste water in the pit and the tailing pond, and even entering a farmland through the irrigation canal appear; the smelting plant waste residues are randomly dumped into the depression and the storage yard, industrial waste water which does not reach the standard is randomly discharged to the surface of the earth and underground water, and flue gas which does not reach the standard is directly discharged into the atmosphere; heavy metal pollutants enter the peripheral land of the plant and mine enterprises, roads and canal lines (banks) along which the heavy metal pollutants pass through to cultivate farmland through various migration ways such as solid waste storage, mineral product transportation, wastewater water body diffusion, flue gas atmospheric sedimentation and the like, and relatively serious heavy metal soil pollution is formed.
In recent years, with the improvement of awareness of environmental protection and food safety of people, people pay great attention to heavy metal pollution of soil, the environment improvement strength of soil remediation is continuously increased, and the research on soil ecological remediation of enrichment plants and hyper-enrichment plants and the engineering improvement thereof are applied and popularized in test points and all over the country. However, practice shows that the enrichment plants and the hyper-enrichment plants, such as dandelion, ciliate desert-grass, fern and the like, are generally short and small, the biomass per unit area is not high, the action soil layer of the root system is shallow, and the treatment effect is unsatisfactory.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for remedying heavy metal contaminated soil, which can improve the remediation effect on heavy metal soil.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil, which comprises the following steps:
1) adding an alkaline pH value regulator into the heavy metal contaminated soil, and then turning over, wherein the turning depth is 45-50 cm, and the pH value of the turned soil is 7.0-8.0;
2) ditching the ploughed soil, wherein the depth of the ditches is 45-50 cm, spreading ferment bacteria bio-organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, silicon calcium fertilizer, urea and potassium chloride at the bottoms of the ditches, filling soil and covering, and planting sugarcane seedlings;
3) when the sugarcane enters a tillering and jointing stage, additionally applying urea, phosphate fertilizer and potassium sulfate; the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate and/or diammonium phosphate;
4) after the sugarcane in the current year is ripe, harvesting the overground part of the sugarcane in the current year, and leaving the underground part of the sugarcane for sugarcane planting in the second year; ditching and broadcasting an enzyme bacterium bio-organic fertilizer, a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, a silicon calcium fertilizer, urea and potassium chloride on two sides of the underground part of the sugarcane;
5) and (3) after the sugarcane ripens in the second year, the scheme of the step 4) is repeated to plant the sugarcane in the third year, and after the sugarcane ripens in the third year, the sugarcane in the third year is harvested.
Preferably, the alkaline pH regulator is quicklime and/or lime milk.
Preferably, in the step 2), the amount of the ferment bacterium bio-organic fertilizer applied to the bottom of the ditch is 3-5 t/hm2The spreading amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 1.5-3.0 t/hm2The spreading amount of the calcium silicon fertilizer is 0.3-0.6 t/hm2The spreading amount of the urea is 0.5-1.0 t/hm2The spreading amount of the potassium chloride is 0.5-1.0 t/hm2。
Preferably, the thickness of the filling soil covering in the step 2) is 3-5 cm.
Preferably, the sugarcane seedlings in the step 2) are double-bud segments which are robust in growth, free of diseases and insect pests and free of lodging and are prepared by peeling off leaf tips of the tips of sugarcane plants, and the lengths of the tips of the sugarcane plants are 0.5-1.5 m.
Preferably, the planting density of the sugarcane seedlings is 5-6 segmentations/meter.
Preferably, in the step 3), the amount of the additional urea is 0.3-0.9 t/hm2The dressing amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 0.75-1.2 t/hm2The dressing amount of the potassium sulfate is 0.25-0.3 t/hm2。
Preferably, in the step 4), the depth of furrowing on two sides of the underground part of the sugarcane is 20-25 cm independently.
Preferably, in the step 4), the amount of the applied ferment bacterium bio-organic fertilizer is 3-4.5 t/hm2The spreading amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 1.5-3.5 t/hm2The spreading amount of the calcium silicon fertilizer is 0.4-0.6 t/hm2The spreading amount of the urea is 0.5-1.0 t/hm2The spreading amount of the potassium chloride is 0.75-1.2 t/hm2。
The invention provides a method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil, which comprises the following steps: 1) adding an alkaline pH value regulator into the heavy metal contaminated soil, and then turning over, wherein the turning depth is 45-50 cm, and the pH value of the turned soil is 7.0-8.0; 2) ditching the ploughed soil, wherein the depth of the ditches is 45-50 cm, spreading ferment bacteria bio-organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, silicon calcium fertilizer, urea and potassium chloride at the bottoms of the ditches, filling soil and covering, and planting sugarcane seedlings; 3) when the sugarcane enters a tillering and jointing stage, additionally applying urea, phosphate fertilizer and potassium sulfate; the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate and/or diammonium phosphate; 4) after the sugarcane in the current year is ripe, harvesting the overground part of the sugarcane in the current year, and leaving the underground part of the sugarcane for sugarcane planting in the second year; ditching and broadcasting an enzyme bacterium bio-organic fertilizer, a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, a silicon calcium fertilizer, urea and potassium chloride on two sides of the underground part of the sugarcane; 5) and (3) after the sugarcane ripens in the second year, the scheme of the step 4) is repeated to plant the sugarcane in the third year, and after the sugarcane ripens in the third year, the sugarcane in the third year is harvested.
According to the sugarcane leaf fertilizer, the sugarcane is warm and drought tolerant, the biomass is large, the root system function is deep, the sugarcane leaf fertilizer has the functions of heavy metal pollution tolerance and heavy metal enrichment, the pH value of soil is 7-8 by adding the alkaline pH value additive, the soil acidification can be prevented and treated, the requirement of sugarcane growth in the same year can be met, the tillering of sugarcane plants and the growth of sugarcane root systems can be promoted by adding the ferment bacterium bio-organic fertilizer, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the silicon calcium fertilizer, the urea and the potassium chloride, the depth and the range of the action of the sugarcane root systems are deepened, the heavy metals in the soil are activated, the heavy metals are enriched and absorbed, and the repair effect of the sugarcane on heavy metal soil can be.
The results of the embodiments of the present invention show that: by adopting the method, the pollution of lead, zinc, arsenic and copper except cadmium is eliminated after 6 years of planting of the sugarcane, and the heavy metal pollution of soil is completely eliminated after 9 years of planting of the sugarcane.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil, which comprises the following steps: 1) adding an alkaline pH value regulator into the heavy metal contaminated soil, and then turning over, wherein the turning depth is 45-50 cm, and the pH value of the turned soil is 7.0-8.0; 2) ditching the ploughed soil, wherein the depth of the ditches is 45-50 cm, spreading ferment bacteria bio-organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, silicon calcium fertilizer, urea and potassium chloride at the bottoms of the ditches, filling soil and covering, and planting sugarcane seedlings; 3) when the sugarcane enters a tillering and jointing stage, additionally applying urea, phosphate fertilizer and potassium sulfate; the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate and/or diammonium phosphate; 4) after the sugarcane in the current year is ripe, harvesting the overground part of the sugarcane in the current year, and leaving the underground part of the sugarcane for sugarcane planting in the second year; ditching and broadcasting an enzyme bacterium bio-organic fertilizer, a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, a silicon calcium fertilizer, urea and potassium chloride on two sides of the underground part of the sugarcane; 5) and (3) after the sugarcane ripens in the second year, the scheme of the step 4) is repeated to plant the sugarcane in the third year, and after the sugarcane ripens in the third year, the sugarcane in the third year is harvested.
The method comprises the steps of adding an alkaline pH value regulator into the heavy metal contaminated soil, and then ploughing, wherein the depth of ploughing is 45-50 cm, and the pH value of the ploughed soil is 7.0-8.0.
In the present invention, in the soil contaminated with heavy metals, the heavy metals include copper, lead, zinc, cadmium and arsenic. In the invention, because the mine mining waste rock, the ore dressing tailing slag, the pit wastewater and the ore washing wastewater carry silt and the like and enter the soil around the mine under natural conditions of artificial transportation, hydraulic scouring, wind power carrying and the like, the waste rock, the waste slag and the silt mostly contain a certain amount of heavy metal sulfides such as pyrrhotite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, blende, galena and the like, under the action of natural oxidation, the sulfides containing heavy metals such as copper, lead, zinc, cadmium, arsenic and the like are oxidized into sulfur dioxide, and then form sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid with the air and the oxygen and the water in the soil respectively, so that the soil is seriously acidified, the heavy metals are dissolved, and the soil heavy metal pollution is formed.
In the invention, the alkaline pH value regulator is quicklime and/or lime milk, and when the alkaline pH value regulator is quicklime and lime milk, the quicklime and the lime milk are mixed in equal mass. The sources of the quicklime and the lime milk are not particularly limited, and the quicklime and the lime milk can be obtained by adopting commercial products conventionally selected by the technicians in the field.
The soil acidification degree is preferably and rapidly checked generally, a soil pH value contour map is obtained, the area and distribution of seriously acidified soil are determined, and the soil area and the spreading amount of the alkaline pH value regulator are calculated according to the area and the distribution amount.
In the invention, the depth of the plowing is 45-50 cm, preferably 46-48 cm; the pH value of the ploughed soil is 7.0-8.0, preferably 7.2-7.8, and more preferably 7.4-7.6. The alkaline pH value regulator is added to the heavy metal contaminated soil and ploughed to regulate the pH value of the heavy metal contaminated soil to be neutral and slightly alkaline, so that the heavy metal contaminated soil can be prevented from being further acidified, and the basic requirement of sugarcane growth in the current year can be met.
Ditching is carried out on the ploughed soil, the depth of the ditch is 45-50 cm, and preferably 46-48 cm; the width of the bottom of the groove is preferably 30-40 cm, more preferably 32-48 cm, and most preferably 35 cm; the row spacing of the grooves is preferably 1 to 1.5m, more preferably 1.1 to 1.4m, and most preferably 1.25 m.
The method comprises the steps of broadcasting an enzyme bacterium bio-organic fertilizer, a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, a silicon calcium fertilizer, urea and potassium chloride at the bottom of a ditch, filling soil and covering, and then planting sugarcane seedlings.
In the invention, the amount of the enzyme bacterium bio-organic fertilizer applied to the bottom of the ditch is preferably 3-5 t/hm2More preferably 3.5 to 4.5t/hm2Most preferably 4t/hm2(ii) a The preferable spreading amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 1.5-3.0 t/hm2More preferably 1.8-2.8 t/hm2Most preferably 2.0-2.5 t/hm2(ii) a The preferred spreading amount of the silicon, calcium and magnesium is 0.3-0.6 t/hm2More preferably 0.4-0.5 t/hm2(ii) a The preferred spreading amount of the urea is 0.5-1.0 t/hm2More preferably 0.6-0.9 t/hm2Most preferably 0.7-0.8 t/hm2(ii) a The preferred spreading amount of the potassium chloride is 0.5-1.0 t/hm2More preferably 0.6-0.9 t/hm2Most preferably 0.7-0.8 t/hm2. The sources of the ferment bacterium organic fertilizer, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, the urea and the potassium chloride are not specially limited, and the ferment bacterium organic fertilizer can be prepared by adopting commercially available products which are conventionally selected by a person skilled in the art. In the invention, the enzyme bacterium organic fertilizer, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the silicon calcium magnesium, the urea and the potassium chloride are applied in a broadcasting way to provide most of fertilizer for the growth of sugarcane in seedling stage and tillering stage, promote the tillering and root growth of plants, increase the depth or range of the root action of the plants, activate phosphorus and potassium which are precipitated in the soil for many years from the soil as much as possible, and simultaneously activate various major and trace elements including copper, lead, zinc, cadmium, arsenic, iron, manganese, magnesium and the like and absorb the elements.
According to the invention, after the ferment bacterium organic fertilizer, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the silicon-calcium-magnesium, the urea and the potassium chloride are applied, filling covering is carried out, and the thickness of the filling covering is preferably 3-5 cm, more preferably 4 cm.
In the invention, the sugarcane seedlings are double-bud segments which are prepared by stripping leaf tips of the tips of growing strong sugarcane plants without diseases and insect pests and lodging; the double-bud section is preferably disinfected by lime before planting, and the disinfection mode is preferably realized by soaking lime at two ends of the double-bud section. In the invention, the length of the tip of the sugarcane plant is preferably 0.5-1.5 m, more preferably 0.8-1.2 m, and most preferably 1.0 m. The variety of the sugarcane is not particularly limited, and the variety conventionally selected by the technicians in the field can be adopted.
In the invention, the sugarcane is favorable for temperature and drought tolerance and has large biomass, and the yield of sugarcane stalks is 100-150 t/hm2The total fermentable sugar is 45-60 t/hm2The root system function can reach 1.0m, is suitable for hot and arid environments, and has the capabilities of resisting heavy metal pollution and enriching heavy metals.
In the present invention, the sugarcane seedlings are preferably planted in winter.
In the invention, the planting density of the sugarcane seeds is preferably 5-6 sections/meter, the planting mode is preferably that the sugarcane buds are arranged at two sides, and then soil and film are covered; the thickness of the covering soil is not specially limited, and the thickness of the covering soil for conventionally planting the sugarcane by the technicians in the field is adopted; the invention has no special limitation on the type of the film used by the cover film, and the film is prepared by the conventional selection of the technicians in the field; the mode of the film covering is not particularly limited in the invention, and a conventional film covering mode can be adopted by a person skilled in the art.
And (3) when the sugarcane enters a tillering and jointing stage of 5-6 months, additionally applying urea, phosphate fertilizer and potassium sulfate. In the invention, when the sugarcane enters the tillering and jointing stage, the additional application of urea, phosphate fertilizer and potassium sulfate is used for promoting the growth of sugarcane seedlings and root systems, so that the leaf area is continuously enlarged, the photosynthesis is improved, and the early and fast tillering is promoted. In the present invention, the phosphate fertilizer is preferably calcium superphosphate or diammonium phosphate.
In the invention, when the phosphate fertilizer is applied as superphosphate, the application amount of the superphosphate is preferably 0.75-1.2 t/hm2More preferably 0.8-1.1 t/hm2Most preferably 0.9-1.0 t/hm2(ii) a The preferable additional application amount of the urea is 0.3-0.9 t/hm2Preferably 0.4-0.8 t/hm2Most preferably 0.5-0.7 t/hm2(ii) a The preferable application amount of the potassium sulfate is 0.3-0.5 t/hm2More preferablyIs 0.35 to 0.45t/hm2Most preferably 0.4t/hm2。
In the invention, when the topdressing phosphate fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, the amount of the diammonium phosphate is preferably 0.75-1.2 t/hm2More preferably 0.8-1.1 t/hm2Most preferably 0.9-1.0 t/hm2(ii) a The preferable amount of the additional urea is 0.3-0.6 t/hm2More preferably 0.4-0.5 t/hm2Most preferably 0.45t/hm2(ii) a The preferred amount of the potassium sulfate dressing is 0.25-0.5 t/hm2More preferably 0.3-0.4 t/hm2Most preferably 0.35t/hm2。
According to the invention, the urea, the phosphate fertilizer and the potassium sulfate are preferably applied to the root base of the sugarcane and earthed, and the thickness of the earthed is preferably 5-10 cm, more preferably 6-9 cm, and most preferably 7-8 cm.
The invention unifies water and pesticide management according to the soil moisture content and the pest and disease damage condition in the growth process of the sugarcane.
And after the sugarcane is ripe, harvesting the overground part of the sugarcane in the current year, and leaving the underground part of the sugarcane for sugarcane planting in the next year. According to the method, the two sides of the underground part of the sugarcane are ditched and spread with the ferment bacterium bio-organic fertilizer, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the silicon calcium fertilizer, the urea and the potassium chloride; the amount of the spread enzyme bacterium bio-organic fertilizer is 3-4.5 t/hm2The amount of the spread calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 1.5-3.5 t/hm2The amount of the broadcast silicon-calcium fertilizer is 0.4-0.6 t/hm2The amount of the spreading urea is 0.5-1.0 t/hm2The amount of the broadcast potassium chloride is 0.75-1.2 t/hm2. The invention preferably ditches and fertilizes both sides of the underground part of the sugarcane when the sugarcane is planted in the second year.
In the invention, when the pH value of the soil for sugarcane planting in the second year is less than or equal to 6, the amount of the applied ferment bacterium bio-organic fertilizer is preferably 3-4.5 t/hm2More preferably 3.5 to 4t/hm2(ii) a The preferable spreading amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 3.0-3.5 t/hm2More preferably 3.2-3.4 t/hm2(ii) a The preferable spreading amount of the calcium silicon fertilizer is 0.4-0.6 t/hm2More preferably 0.5t/hm2(ii) a The spreading of said ureaThe amount is preferably 0.5-1.0 t/hm2More preferably 0.6-0.9 t/hm2Most preferably 0.7-0.8 t/hm2(ii) a The preferred spreading amount of the potassium chloride is 0.75-1.2 t/hm2More preferably 0.8-1.1 t/hm2Most preferably 0.9-1.0 t/hm2。
In the invention, when the pH of the soil for sugarcane planting in the second year is more than 6, the amount of the applied ferment bacterium bio-organic fertilizer is preferably 3-4 t/hm2More preferably 3.5t/hm2(ii) a The preferable spreading amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 1.5-3.0 t/hm2More preferably 2.0-2.5 t/hm2(ii) a The preferable spreading amount of the calcium silicon fertilizer is 0.4-0.6 t/hm2More preferably 0.5t/hm2(ii) a The preferable spreading amount of the urea is 0.5-0.75 t/hm2More preferably 0.6-0.7 t/hm2(ii) a The preferred spreading amount of the potassium chloride is 0.75-1.2 t/hm2More preferably 0.8-1.1 t/hm2Most preferably 0.9-1.0 t/hm2。
According to the method, furrows are dug on two sides of the underground part of the sugarcane, and the depth of the furrows is preferably 20-25 cm, and more preferably 22-23 cm.
According to the method, the two sides of the underground part of the sugarcane are ditched and spread with the ferment bacteria bio-organic fertilizer, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the silicon calcium fertilizer, the urea and the potassium chloride to regulate the pH value of the soil, so that the pH value of the soil is maintained at 7.0-8.0, part of fertilizer needed by the growth of the sugarcane in seedling stage and tillering stage is provided, the loss of phosphorus and potassium in the soil caused by the phosphate and potassium dissolution of the ferment bacteria is supplemented, and the continuous stable yield and high yield of the sugarcane are promoted.
And after the sugarcane in the second year is ripe, repeating the sugarcane planting scheme in the second year to plant the sugarcane in the third year, and no further description is given here.
In the method, after the sugarcane is planted for three years, nutrient components in the root action range of sugarcane plants are unbalanced, sugarcane seeds age and have a yield decreasing phenomenon, and further the repair of the sugarcane to the soil polluted by heavy metals is influenced, so that after the sugarcane is harvested for the third year, the soil is repaired again according to the repair method provided by the invention. In the invention, the repairing method is repeatedly adopted once, the condition of the soil seriously polluted by heavy metals can be obviously improved, and the pollution of the heavy metals is basically eliminated by the plough layer of the lightly polluted soil; the restoration method is adopted twice repeatedly, heavy metal pollution is basically eliminated on the plough layer of the soil seriously polluted by heavy metals, heavy metal pollution is eliminated on the plough layer of the soil lightly polluted, and the productivity of the original land is recovered.
The technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The land area polluted by heavy metal is 206hm2Spreading quicklime on the land polluted by heavy metal in the same year, mechanically ditching for 50cm to ensure that the pH value of the soil is 7.5, and spreading the ferment bacterium bio-organic fertilizer in the ditch with the use amount of 4.5t/hm2Then spreading calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with the dosage of 3.0t/hm20.5t/hm of calcium silicon fertilizer20.8t/hm of urea2Potassium chloride 0.8t/hm2And covering soil with the thickness of 5cm after the application, and then planting the sugarcane. The steps of seed cutting, disinfection, seed placing, soil covering, film covering, harvesting, loading and the like of sugarcane planting all adopt mechanical operation, and the planting method of the sugarcane is the same as that of the conventional standardized sugarcane planting at present.
When the sugarcane enters the tillering and jointing stage, dressing 0.9t/hm of urea on the sugarcane2Calcium superphosphate 1.2t/hm2Potassium sulfate 0.3t/hm2Respectively and uniformly applying the fertilizer to the base parts of the sugarcane roots, and timely cultivating soil with the thickness of 4 cm. The water and pesticide management is unified according to the soil moisture content and the pest and disease damage conditions in the growth process of the sugarcane.
After the sugar cane in the current year is ripe, harvesting the overground part of the sugar cane in the current year, leaving the underground part of the sugar cane, planting the sugar cane in the second year, ditching at two sides of the underground part of the sugar cane, wherein the depth of the ditch is 25cm, and spreading the enzyme bio-organic fertilizer in the ditch for 3.5t/hm2Calcium magnesium phosphate 2.5t/hm20.5t/hm of calcium silicon fertilizer20.75t/hm of urea2Potassium chloride 1.1t/hm2And covering soil for 5cm after the spreading. The water and pesticide management is unified according to the soil moisture content and the pest and disease damage conditions in the growth process of the sugarcane.
And after the sugarcane in the second year is ripe, harvesting the overground part of the sugarcane in the second year, and leaving the underground part of the sugarcane for sugarcane planting in the third year. The steps of sugarcane planting in the third year are the same as those of the second year.
Planting sugarcane on heavy metal soil, wherein the average value of the sugarcane in the current year is 128t/hm2High yield. Through determination, the contents of cadmium, lead, zinc, arsenic and copper in the heavy metal contaminated soil in the current year are respectively 9.3mg/kg, 398.3mg/kg, 510.7mg/kg, 58.6mg/kg and 233.5 mg/kg.
After the sugarcane is planted in the same year, the contents of cadmium, lead, zinc, arsenic and copper in the soil polluted by heavy metal are respectively 7.6mg/kg, 363.8mg/kg, 423.6mg/kg, 50.8mg/kg and 199.8 mg/kg.
After the sugarcane is planted in the second year, the contents of cadmium, lead, zinc, arsenic and copper in the soil polluted by heavy metal are respectively 6.4mg/kg, 322.6mg/kg, 345.5mg/kg, 42.6mg/kg and 157.1 mg/kg.
After the sugarcane is planted in the third year, the contents of cadmium, lead, zinc, arsenic and copper in the soil polluted by heavy metal are 5.1mg/kg, 287.3mg/kg, 301.3mg/kg, 34.2mg/kg and 126.9mg/kg respectively.
After 6 years of planting of the sugarcane, the contents of cadmium, lead, zinc, arsenic and copper in the soil polluted by heavy metals are respectively 2.3mg/kg, 192.7mg/kg, 248.9mg/kg, 23.8mg/kg and 85.2 mg/kg. It follows that, in addition to cadmium, contamination with lead, zinc, arsenic and copper has been eliminated.
After 9 years of sugarcane planting, the contents of cadmium, lead, zinc, arsenic and copper in the soil polluted by heavy metal are respectively 0.4mg/kg, 149.9mg/kg, 188.2mg/kg, 19.6mg/kg and 66.3 mg/kg. It can be concluded from this that after 9 years of planting, the heavy metal pollution of the soil is completely eliminated.
In the sugarcane planting process, 200 workers are hired to pay wages at 1500 yuan/month and 6000 yuan/hm per year2The land flow charge is paid, and after one year of planting, the income of 698 yuan is obtained for each mu.
Therefore, the repairing method provided by the invention fully considers the actual conditions of local geographical climate, agricultural planting, rural development, farmer income increase and the like, carries out heavy metal contaminated soil treatment according to local conditions, scientifically coordinates the relationship between the soil pollution treatment and the soil productivity maintenance and the farmer income increase, repairs the contaminated soil, can install the farmer work on site, promotes the local farmer income increase, and has obvious social benefit.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil comprises the following steps:
1) adding an alkaline pH value regulator into the heavy metal contaminated soil, and then turning over, wherein the turning depth is 45-50 cm, and the pH value of the turned soil is 8.0;
the alkaline pH value regulator is quicklime and/or lime milk;
2) ditching the ploughed soil, wherein the depth of the ditches is 45-50 cm, spreading ferment bacteria bio-organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, silicon calcium fertilizer, urea and potassium chloride at the bottoms of the ditches, filling soil and covering, and planting sugarcane seedlings;
3) when the sugarcane enters a tillering and jointing stage, additionally applying urea, phosphate fertilizer and potassium sulfate; the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate and/or diammonium phosphate;
4) after the sugarcane is ripe, harvesting the overground part of the sugarcane, and leaving the underground part of the sugarcane for sugarcane planting in the second year; ditching and broadcasting an enzyme bacterium bio-organic fertilizer, a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, a silicon calcium fertilizer, urea and potassium chloride on two sides of the underground part of the sugarcane;
5) after the sugarcane in the second year is ripe, the scheme of the step 4) is repeated to plant the sugarcane in the third year, and after the sugarcane in the third year is ripe, the sugarcane in the third year is harvested;
the heavy metals are copper, cadmium, lead, zinc and arsenic.
2. The repairing method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the amount of the enzyme microorganism bio-organic fertilizer applied to the bottom of the trench is 3-5 t/hm2The spreading amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 1.5-3.0 t/hm2The spreading amount of the calcium silicon fertilizer is 0.3-0.6 t/hm2The spreading amount of the urea is 0.5-1.0 t/hm2The spreading amount of the potassium chloride is 0.5-1.0 t/hm2。
3. The repairing method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the filling earth covering in the step 2) is 3-5 cm.
4. The restoration method according to claim 1, wherein the sugarcane seedlings in the step 2) are double-bud segments prepared by stripping leaf tips of the tips of growing strong, disease-free and insect-free and non-lodging sugarcane plants, and the lengths of the tips of the sugarcane plants are 0.5-1.5 m.
5. The restoration method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the density of the sugarcane seedlings is 5-6 segmentations/m.
6. The repair method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of urea applied in step 3) is 0.3-0.9 t/hm2The dressing amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 0.75-1.2 t/hm2The dressing amount of the potassium sulfate is 0.25-0.3 t/hm2。
7. The restoration method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the furrows are independently dug at the two sides of the underground part of the sugarcane to a depth of 20-25 cm.
8. The repairing method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the amount of the applied ferment bacteria bio-organic fertilizer is 3-4.5 t/hm2The spreading amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 1.5-3.5 t/hm2The spreading amount of the calcium silicon fertilizer is 0.4-0.6 t/hm2The spreading amount of the urea is 0.5-1.0 t/hm2The spreading amount of the potassium chloride is 0.75-1.2 t/hm2。
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| CN110402634A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-11-05 | 楚雄医药高等专科学校 | A kind of high value Chinese herbal medicine plants the ecological restoring method for soil of laying idle |
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